Search

Aim: India contributes towards a large part of the worldwide epidemic of diabetes and its associated complications. However, there are limited longitudinal studies available in India to understand the occurrence of diabetes complications over time. This pan‐India longitudinal study was initiated to assess the real‐world outcomes of diabetes across the country. Methods: The LANDMARC study is the first prospective, multicentre, longitudinal, observational study investigating a large cohort of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus across India over a period of 3 years. The primary objective of this ongoing study is to determine the proportion of people developing macrovascular diabetes complications over the duration of the study (36 months ± 45 days) distributed over seven visits; the secondary objective is to evaluate microvascular diabetes complications, glycaemic control and time‐to‐treatment adaptation or intensification. Overall, 6300 participants (aged 25–60 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 2 years will be included from 450 centres across India. Data will be recorded for baseline demographics, comorbidities, glycaemic measurements, use of anti‐hyperglycaemic medications and any cardiovascular or other diabetes‐related events occurring during the observational study period. Conclusions: The LANDMARC study is expected to reveal the trends in complications associated with diabetes, treatment strategies used by physicians, and correlation among treatment, control and complications of diabetes within the Indian context. The findings of this study will help to identify the disease burden, emergence of early‐onset complications and dose titration patterns, and eventually develop person‐centred care and facilitate public health agencies to invest appropriate resources in the management of diabetes. (Trial Registration No: CTRI/2017/05/008452). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon photonic interconnects offer a promising solution to meeting the ever growing demand for more efficient I/O bandwidth density. We report an ultralow power 80 Gb/s arrayed silicon photonic transceiver for dense, large bandwidth inter/intrachip interconnects. Low parasitic microsolder-based hybrid bonding enables close integration of silicon photonic array devices optimized on a 130 nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS platform with CMOS very large scale integration circuits optimized on a 40 nm silicon CMOS platform to achieve unprecedented energy efficiency. The hybrid CMOS transceiver consists of eight 10 Gb/s channels with a total consumed power below 6 mW/channel. The eight-channel wavelength division multiplexing transmitter array using cascaded tunable ring modulators demonstrated better than 100 fJ/bit energy efficiency for 10 Gb/s operation excluding the laser power and tuning power, while the eight-channel receiver array using broadband Ge p-i-n waveguide detectors show sensitivity of better than -15 dBm for a bit error rate of 10-12 at a data rate of 10 Gb/s with energy efficiency of better than 500 fJ/bit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on squirrel fibromatosis (SF) and systemic poxviral disease in two American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and one gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). It also describes the molecular biological techniques application in SF diagnosis, and discusses the molecular phylogeny of three squirrel fibroma virus (SFV) isolates. It notes that the said study is the first to demonstrate molecular relatedness of SFVs to squirrel fibroma virus.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), the most common epilepsy in adults, is generally intractable and is suspected to be the result of recurrent excitation or inhibition circuitry. Recurrent excitation and the development of seizures have been associated with aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus. Of the animal models developed to investigate the pathogenesis of MTLE, post-status epilepticus models have received the greatest acceptance because they are characterized by a latency period, the development of spontaneous motor seizures, and a spectrum of lesions like those of MTLE. Among post-status epilepticus models, induction of systemic kainic acid or pilocarpine-induced epilepsy is less labor-intensive than electrical-stimulation models and these models mirror the clinicopathologic features of MTLE more closely than do kindling, tetanus toxin, hyperthermia, post-traumatic, and perinatal hypoxia/ischemia models. Unfortunately, spontaneous motor seizures do not develop in kindling or adult hyperthermia models and are not a consistent finding in tetanus toxin-induced or perinatal hypoxia/ischemia models. This review presents the mechanistic hypotheses for seizure induction, means of model induction, and associated pathology, especially as compared to MTLE patients. Animal models are valuable tools not only to study the pathogenesis of MTLE, but also to evaluate potential antiepileptogenic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic exposure to moniliformin results in the development of myocardial hypertrophy and degeneration. The cause of this hypertrophy is unknown. However, moniliformin-induced hypoxia or altered function of cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase, rather than direct cardiostimulation have been proposed as potential mechanisms. Isolated guinea pig atria were used in a cumulative concentration-response model to evaluate the direct effect of moniliformin on the rate and force of atrial contraction. Moniliformin did not affect the rate or force of atrial contraction. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that moniliformin does not have a cardiostimulatory effect. Therefore cardiac stimulation, e.g. stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, is unlikely to be the cause of the myocardial hypertrophy observed hi poultry chronically intoxicated with moniliformin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L6 myoblasts were used as an in vitro model to investigate the role of moniliformin and its interaction with monensin in turkey knockdown syndrome and sudden death syndromes in poultry. Cell viability and microscopic and ultrastructural alterations noted in L6 myoblasts cultured in the presence of moniliformin (0.0-0.3 μg/μl) were compared to those observed in parallel cultures also containing one of the following compounds: selenium (0-0.004 ng/ μl), thiamine (0-0.3 μg/μl), or pyruvate (0-0.46 μg/μl). Marked dilation of the RER, membranous whorls, glycogen deposition, membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions and necrosis were observed in myoblasts exposed to 0.03/2-0.30 μg moniliformin/ μl medium. Supplementation of medium with thiamine and pyruvate, or selenium, provided significant protection to cells exposed to 0.0-0.3 μg/μl or 0.0-0.15 μg moniliformin/ μl, respectively. Dose-dependent differences in protein and ATP production were not detected. Myoblasts grown in medium containing 0-0.15 μg moniliformin/ μl and 7.5-50.0 μM A23187, beauvericin or monensin had degrees of cytotoxicity similar to parallel cultures receiving only an ionophore. L6 myoblasts were a useful model of moniliformin toxicosis. The findings of this study suggest cytotoxicity due to moniliformin in L6 myoblasts may be due in part to oxidative damage and altered pyruvate metabolism, and that moniliformin does not predispose myoblasts to ionophore toxicosis. This study supports the results of in vivo investigations in poultry that moniliformin and monensin do not act synergistically to induce knockdown or monensin toxicosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a 10-Gb/s digital-to-digital CMOS silicon photonic link with a 2.1-pJ/bit on-chip energy efficiency, using a photon energy of 1.4-pJ/bit and 680-fJ/bit transceivers that integrate 130-nm SOI CMOS photonic devices with 40-nm bulk CMOS circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

B TYPE: b Abstract Publication B TOPIC: b Respiratory Care B PURPOSE: b 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is attributed for outbreak with first human infection detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which has caused clusters of severe respiratory illness like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The latest evaluation was on January 29, 2020 with key word "2019-nCoV", for the trials evaluating the diagnostic and the therapeutic interventions to manage the respiratory infection caused by 2019-nCoV B RESULTS: b Therapeutic interventions include, lopinavir-ritonavir with aerosolized interferon-alpha compared with the adjunctive IV methylprednisolone, umifenovir (broad-spectrum antiviral), SARI-nCoV trial for role of glucocorticoid, three comparative antiviral therapies utilising ribavirin, interferon alpha-1b, lopinavir -ritonavir, Xue-Bi-Jing injection (only Chinese medicine injection approved for sepsis) and novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique is under trial for simple, fast and portable diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

Several lattice calculations which probe the chiral and topological structure of QCD are discussed. The results focus attention on the low-lying eigenmodes of the Dirac operator in typical gauge field configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 6-year-old male Labrador Retriever dog having an intracardiac mass. The dog was suffering from inappetence, lethargy, and exercise intolerance. Echocardiographic examination showed a intracardiac mass connected to the right ventricular septum. The patient was diagnosed with right-sided heart failure due to the intracardiac mass that partially obstructed pulmonary outflow during ventricular systole.