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One of the current issues with thyroid tumor is early diagnosis as it makes the higher possibility of curing. This research was focused to detect and quantify the level of specific target sequence complementation of miR‐222 with capture DNA sequence on interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor. The aluminum electrode with the gap and finger sizes of 10 µm was fabricated on silicon wafer, further the surface was amine‐functionalized for accommodating carboxylated‐DNA probe. With DNA‐target RNA complementation, the detection limit was attained to be 1 fM as estimated by a linear regression analysis [y = 1.5325x ‐ 2.1171 R² = 0.9065] and the sensitivity was at the similar level. Current responses were higher by increasing the target RNA sequence concentrations. Control experiments with mismatched/noncomplementary sequences were failed to complement the capture DNA sequence immobilized on IDE, indicating the specific target validation. This research helps diagnosing and identifying the progression with thyroid tumor and miRNA being a potential "marker" in atypia diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a global epidemic disease responsible for over ten millions death worldwide. The early diagnosis and the precise treatment with reduced adverse reactions are the main goal worldwide. In this study, we produced, characterized and evaluated (in vitro) in three different cancer cell lines (protaste, breast and melanoma) a radioactive gold nanocluster (R-AuNC) (198Au25(Capt)18). The pharmacokinetics as the influence in the ABC transporter (MRP1 Efflux Transporter Protein) was also evaluated. The results showed that R-AuNC (198Au25(Capt)18) are capable to kill the cancer cells lines of protaste, breast and melanoma. The pharmacokinetics showed a fast clearance and great volume of distribution, confirming the use of R-AuNC as nanomedicine for cancer treatment. Finally, the ABC transporter assay corroborated that the R-AuNC (198Au25(Capt)18) has no risk of being pumped out of cells by this efflux transporter. The results validate the use of gold nanoparticles as therapeutic nanomedicine for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study correlated and quantified the expression of microRNA-155 with breast cancer to determine breast cancer progression. The target microRNA-155 sequence was identified by complementation on a capture-probe sequence-immobilized interdigitated dual electrode surface. The sensitivity was found to be 1 fM, and the limit of detection fell between 1 and 10 fM. The specific sequence selectivity with single mismatches, triple mismatches, and noncomplementary bases failed to complement the capture-probe sequence. The obtained results demonstrate the selective determination of the microRNA-155 sequence and can help to diagnose breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) precludes the long cervical incision of the open procedure. Although endoscopy is an essential tool taught to almost every surgeon, its effective use with regard to thyroidectomy requires understanding its limitations pertaining to trauma and cancer, as well as an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the different endoscopic approaches. The development of an ET center in China is discussed here. Methods: Overall, 235 patients who had undergone attempted ET in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China from August 2001 to September 2010 were evaluated. Results: Of the 11 men and 224 women on whom the procedure had been attempted, all but seven successfully underwent ET, 145 (63.6%) via a modified anterior chest approach, and 83 (36.4%) via a breast approach. Age ranged from 17 to 52 years, with a mean of 34.5 years. Surgery was limited, in the case of masses, to lesions smaller than 6 cm ultrasonographically. All patients were followed for at least 3 months. The 24 and 48 hours Visual Analog Scale postoperative measurements were low. Complications included four cases of cutaneous emphysema, five seromas, four episodes of anterior chest discomfort, three transient laryngeal nerve palsies, and four episodes of hypocalcemia. The seven procedures that had been converted to an open procedure comprised two patients discovered at frozen section to have poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, two with tumors larger than 5 cm, and three with thyroiditis. Conclusions: ET is readily learned, provided the surgeon is competent at both laparoscopic technique and open thyroidectomy. Procedural advantages of an endoscopic approach include superior cosmesis and decreased invasiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]