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We performed high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations, incorporating higher-order excitations, spin–orbit coupling (SOC), and the Gaunt interaction, to calculate the electron affinities (EAs) of alkaline earth (AE) metal atoms (Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra), which are notably small. The coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] method is insufficient to accurately calculate the EAs of AE metal atoms. Higher-order excitations proved crucial, with the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and triples with perturbative quadruples [CCSDT(2)Q] method effectively capturing dynamic electron correlation effects. The contributions of SOC (ΔESOs) to the EAs calculated using the multireference configuration interaction method with the Davidson correction, including SOC, positively enhance the EAs; however, these contributions are overestimated. The Dirac–Hartree–Fock (DHF)-CCSD(T) method addresses this overestimation and provides reasonable values for ΔESO (ΔESO−D). Employing additional sets of diffuse and core–valence correlation basis sets is critical for accurately calculating the EAs of AE metal atoms. The contributions of the Gaunt interaction (ΔEGaunt) to the EAs of AE metal atoms are negligible. Notably, the CCSDT(2)Q with the complete basis set limit + ΔESO−D + ΔEGaunt produced EA values for Ca, Sr, and Ba that closely aligned with experimental data and achieved accuracy exceeding the chemical accuracy. Based on our findings, the accurately proposed EA for Ra is 9.88 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose, an abundant and renewable form of biomass, has garnered significant attention in research for its conversion into high‐value chemicals such as gluconic acid. Traditional methods for biomass transformation typically involve high energy input, elevated temperature, pressure, and costly systems. In contrast, photocatalysis emerges as a promising approach to produce organic molecules under mild conditions, harnessing energy from natural sunlight or lamps. This study presents the nitrogen‐enriched graphene with zeolite second Mobil–5 (NenG/ZSM‐5) photocatalyst, evaluated for generating high‐value chemicals (gluconic acid and leucodopaminechrome) under solar light irradiation. The NenG/ZSM‐5 photocatalyst, synthesized from nitrogen‐doped graphene and ZSM‐5, successfully converted dopamine into leucodopaminechrome (71.54 %) — a critical step in dopamine regeneration and transformed glucose into gluconic acid (85 %). The addition of ZSM‐5 to NenG provided stability and enhanced product selectivity. The outstanding performance of the NenG/ZSM‐5 photocatalyst can be attributed to its heightened solar light harvesting potential, appropriate energy band gap, and uniformly arranged π‐electron channels. This research focuses on solar conversion of glucose to gluconic acid and dopamine regeneration, with potential for further exploration in the research domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultimate objective is to create strategies for glycol acetalization that are both economically and ecologically benign. The product cyclic dioxolane formed by acetalization of glycol shows excellent solvent properties as it is non-carcinogenic and causes no ozone related problems. It is used as a component of solvent in batteries and also finds application in the fragrance, flavour, pharmaceutical, polymers and textile industries. Herein we report a highly promising and environmentally benign process for converting glycol into 2,2 dimethyl 1,3 dioxolane via acetalization through NiO@B@GCN nanocubes catalys. Comprehensive analysis shows that the high catalytic performance of NiO@B@GCN nanocubes is the result of the cooperation of band gap engineering and efficient charge transfer capabilities. This work demonstrates the use of a synergistic strategy to effectively synthesize soft NiO@B@GCN nanocubes as a promising catalyst that exhibit excellent product yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide reduction together with aerobic oxidative cyclization using eosin Y-based light-harvesting photocatalysts remains a key challenge. In this study, we present the first-ever synthesis of unique in situ Se-infused eosin Y (Sein–EY) flexible photocatalysts through a simple one-pot method. The as-synthesized Sein–EY flexible film photocatalyst exhibits outstanding performance for the production of formic acid (204 μM in 2 h) and aerobic oxidative cyclization of thioamides via the formation of C–N/C–S bonds with outstanding yields (98.6%) when exposed to solar light. The presence of infused Se significantly extends the solar light absorption capacity of the Sein–EY photocatalyst, reaching up to 580 nm. This study opens up a new pathway for the rational design and synthesis of potentially effective Se-infused-EY photocatalysts through a simple and scalable method, enabling both solar chemical production and efficient one-pot three-component reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of a low HOMO-LUMO energy gap makes organic polymer-based composites an important class of materials with outstanding catalytic efficiency. The present work describes the simple and direct synthesis of an excellent photocatalyst, PC (C26H16NO7S)n via doping of erythrosine-B dye on sulfone infused poly(2-amino thiophenol) assembly (PA, (C6H4NO2S)n). The O 1 s spectrum displays peaks at 531.8 eV and 533.3 eV, representing the O=C and O–C groups of the in-situ generated fluorescein loaded on PA surface. Through absorption study (Tauc's plot), the optical band gap (Eg) for polymer PA (2.9 eV) and photocatalyst PC (2.1 eV) has been calculated. Further, due to the efficient absorbance in the range of 400–600 nm with a low optical band gap, the applicability of the catalyst, PC has been checked in photocatalytic C–H activation in thiophene, and the generation of C–C bond with p-nitro aryldiazonium salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A schematic strategy is presented to overcome the problem of low photocatalytic performance of graphene. Herein, we synthesized nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG)-coupled acid fuchsin (AF) photocatalyst, i.e.; NDGCAF photocatalyst. The NDGCAF photocatalyst has excellent solar light harvesting ability, band gap suitability, and high molar extinction coefficient than the NDG photocatalyst. Due to these properties, the NDGCAF photocatalyst has the ability to oxidize aryl-vinyl into aryl-vinyl-aldehyde under the irradiation of visible light. In this context, it exhibited the utmost conversion efficiency of aryl-vinyl to aryl-vinyl-aldehyde with a good yield of 98.15%. Current research highlights the significant application of NDGCAF light-harvesting photocatalysts in the research field of organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visible light-assisted photocatalysis approach allows more sustainable and atom-economical C–H bond arylation processes. The polymer-based photocatalysts are an attractive choice because of their variable design and development feasibility as well as effective catalytic applications. In the present work, by following the basic principles of green chemistry, we have chosen an environmentally friendly and biologically suitable chemical i.e. Erythrosine B as a unit molecule for the generation of photocatalyst EP (C20H8O5S4). The generation of EP has been performed via a one-pot solvothermal reaction of Erythrosine B with sulfur powder. The structural analysis of the EP evidence the generation of an interesting example 2D-polymeric assembly where disulfide (–S–S–) units are acting as linkers and show high thermal stability up to 800 °C (39.9% left as a residue). The low optical band gap of 2.08 eV and electrochemical band gap of 2.09 eV favors its catalytic applicability. The catalytic investigation reveals excellent applicability of EP in C–H arylation (yield 98.5% & selectivity 99%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of excellent electronic properties and thermal stability positions orange‐derived graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as promising materials for solar light‐based applications. Researchers are actively exploring their potential in fields such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Their abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendly nature further contribute to their growing relevance in cutting‐edge scientific research. Furthermore, only GQDs are not much more effective in the UV‐visible region, therefore, required band gap engineering in GQDs material. In this context, we designed GQDs‐based light harvesting materials, which is active in UV‐visible region. Herein we synthesized GQDs coupled with 2,6‐diaminoanthrquninone (AQ), that is, GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst the first time for the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide under visible light. For the integrating reactions of sulfide in aerobic conditions under visible light by GQDs@AQ photocatalyst exhibit utmost higher photocatalytic activity than simple GQDs due to low molar extinction coefficient and slow recombination charges. The use of GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst, showed the excellent organic transformation efficiency of sulfide to sulfoxide with excellent yield (94%). The high efficiency and excellent yield of 94% indicate the effectiveness of GQDs@AQ as a photocatalyst for these specific organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorinated and enzymatic chemicals are widely used in society due to their chemical, physical, and biological qualities. Nevertheless, despite their vital importance, present approaches to adding fluorine to molecules and regenerating enzyme cofactors have serious flaws. For instance, numerous approaches are photocatalytic and employ stoichiometric counterparts of heavy metals. Prevailing photocatalytic approaches, on the other hand, show very poor activity, and selectivity has not been attained by heterogeneous photocatalysis, despite the several benefits such a method would provide. Here, we show how heterogeneous photocatalysis may be used to selectively create C(sp3)‐F bonds and 1,4‐NADH regeneration cofactor. Employing NiS‐NiO/S‐g‐C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst as a photocatalyst, NAD+ and Selectfluor as an acceptor and mild fluorine donor, effective 1,4‐NADH regeneration, and decarboxylative fluorination of carboxylic acids can be attained in very short reaction times. Furthermore, NiS‐NiO/S‐g‐C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst exhibits outstanding levels of robustness and photo‐catching capacity. These aspects, attached to the mild environment of the reaction scheme, exhibit a breakthrough toward the sustainable cofactor of 1,4‐NADH regeneration and synthesis of fluorinated compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological insulators, a class of materials possessing bulk bandgap and metallic surface states with a topological nontrivial symmetry, are considered promising candidates for emerging quantum and optoelectronic applications. However, achieving scalable growth and control over the parameters including thickness, carrier density, bulk bandgap, and defect density remains a challenge in realizing such applications. In this work, we show the scalable growth of topological insulator alloys Bi2Se(3−x)Sx and demonstrate composition-tunable bandgap, using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A bandgap increase of up to ∼40% at a sulfur concentration of ∼15% is demonstrated. Correspondingly, the real part (n) of the refractive index is reduced in the alloy by ∼25% relative to that of Bi2Se3. Additionally, electronic transport measurements indicate a bulk p-type doping and field-effect tunable metallic surface states of the alloy. This work paves the way for the controlled growth of topological insulators, free from surface-state pinning, suitable for quantum optoelectronics and spintronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers are among the most prevalent and most lethal forms of skin cancers. To identify new lead compounds with potential anticancer properties for further optimization, in vitro assays combined with in‐silico target fishing and docking have been used to identify and further map out the antiproliferative and potential mode of action of molecules from a small library of compounds previously prepared in our laboratory. From screening these compounds in vitro against A375, SK‐MEL‐28, A431, and SCC‐12 skin cancer cell lines, 35 displayed antiproliferative activities at the micromolar level, with the majority being primarily potent against the A431 and SCC‐12 squamous carcinoma cell lines. The most active compounds 11 (A431: IC50 = 5.0 μM, SCC‐12: IC50 = 2.9 μM, SKMEL‐28: IC50 = 4.9 μM, A375: IC50 = 6.7 μM) and 13 (A431: IC50 = 5.0 μM, SCC‐12: IC50 = 3.3 μM, SKMEL‐28: IC50 = 13.8 μM, A375: IC50 = 17.1 μM), significantly and dose‐dependently induced apoptosis of SCC‐12 and SK‐MEL‐28 cells, as evidenced by the suppression of Bcl‐2 and upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, caspase‐9, and PARP protein expression levels. Both agents significantly reduced scratch wound healing, colony formation, and expression levels of deregulated cancer molecular targets including RSK/Akt/ERK1/2 and S6K1. In silico target prediction and docking studies using the SwissTargetPrediction web‐based tool suggested that CDK8, CLK4, nuclear receptor ROR, tyrosine protein‐kinase Fyn/LCK, ROCK1/2, and PARP, all of which are dysregulated in skin cancers, might be prospective targets for the two most active compounds. Further validation of these targets by western blot analyses, revealed that ROCK/Fyn and its associated Hedgehog (Hh) pathways were downregulated or modulated by the two lead compounds. In aggregate, these results provide a strong framework for further validation of the observed activities and the development of a more comprehensive structure–activity relationship through the preparation and biological evaluation of analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloe vera‐derived graphene (ADG) coupled system photocatalyst, mimicking natural photosynthesis, is one of the most promising ways for converting solar energy into ammonia (NH3) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) that have been widely used to make the numerous chemicals such as fertilizer and fuel. In this study, we report the synthesis of the aloe vera‐derived graphene‐coupled phenosafranin (ADGCP) acting as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the generation of NH3 and regeneration of NADH from nitrogen (N2) and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The results show a benchmark instance for mimicking natural photosynthesis activity as well as the practical applications for the solar‐driven selective formation of NH3 and the regeneration of NADH by using the newly designed photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of trifluoromethyl groups on organic compounds by graphene-based photocatalysts is an emerging research area in the 21st century. However, the pricey and poisonous nature of metal-based photocatalysts poses a significant barrier to the insertion of trifluoromethyl groups. Therefore, the trifluoromethylation of organic compounds and conversion into sustainable, greener chemicals via solar light irradiation is a hot and challenging topic. So, herein we developed a solar light-harvesting nitrogen enrich Eosin-Y functionalized graphene-based (NDGFE-Y) photocatalytic system with appropriate band gap and supported by UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD, and FE-SEM, Raman spectra and TGA curve. This prepared photocatalyst is a yardstick example for the photoinduced oxide CF3SO2Na to produce the CF3 as an electrophilic radical, effectively making the trifluoromethylation of benzaldehyde and their derivatives. The graphical abstract represents the highly selective NDGFE-Y photocatalyst for trifluoromethylation of Benzaldehyde under solar light irradiation. The NDGFE-Y photocatalyst has effective photocatalytic properties due to the functionalization of Eosin -Y dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods for producing organic compounds with a renewable source of energy. Two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are a type of polymer that has developed as a potential light‐harvesting catalyst for artificial photosynthesis with a design‐controllable platform that might be developed into a new type of cost‐effective and metal‐free photocatalyst. Here, we present a two‐dimensional covalent organic framework synthesis technique as a low‐cost and highly efficient visible light active flexible photocatalyst for C–H bond activation and dopamine regeneration. 2D COF were synthesized from tetramino‐benzoquinone (TABQ) and terapthaloyl chloride monomer through condensation polymerization reaction and the resultant photocatalyst have remarkable performance due to its visible light‐harvesting capacity, appropriate band gap, and highly organized π‐electron channels. The synthesized photocatalyst is capable to convert dopamine into leucodopaminechrome with a higher yield (77.08%) and also capable to activate the C–H bond between 4‐nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and pyrrole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is an infection in newborns that may be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses and has a high death and morbidity rate. The clinical presentation of sepsis may be rather general, making it challenging to make a diagnosis. While blood culture is the most accurate method to diagnose sepsis, it is also time-consuming. Because of this, it is crucial to locate other biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) that may aid in early identification. Aim: To learn about the bacterial composition of suspected cases of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in western Uttar Pradesh and how that composition relates to the biomarkers CRP, hs-CRP, and PCT. Materials and Methods: Hundred people who fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria were included. All neonatal venous blood samples have been obtained after receiving written informed permission from either parent. The conventional method was used to perform the blood culture. The ELISA technique has been used to determine hs-CRP along with serum PCT levels, while the latex agglutination test was utilized for CRP detection. Result: A total of 100 cases were enrolled, 78% presented within 3 days of birth. Blood culture was positive in 33 neonates (33%). There were 17 Gram-positive, 15 Gram-negative, and in all 2 cases with poly bacterial culture. CRP positivity rate was significantly higher in culture positive (57.6%) as compared to culture-negative neonates (25.4%). It was shown that a CRP >6 mg/l level was sensitive at 57.6% and specific at 74.6%. hs-CRP has a 100% sensitivity and 47.8% specificity. The PCT’s sensitivity was 69.7%, whereas its specificity was 89.6%. Conclusion: PCT is more specific for detecting sepsis, but hs-CRP is more sensitive than CRP. The combination of PCT along with hs-CRP has a negative predictive value and high sensitivity compared to other markers. Thus, the most accurate predictors of neonatal sepsis would be a combination of factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is one of the amazing present encroachments in current research area of science and one of the utmost fascinating materials for relevance in cutting-edge research. Herein, we designed lemon-derived heteroatoms-doped graphene quantum dots (S, N-GQDs) based photocatalyst for the first time. For the integrating reactions of amines in aerobic conditions under solar light by S, N-GQDs photocatalyst exhibit utmost higher photocatalytic activity than simple oxygen-doped graphene quantum dots (O-GQDs) due to slow recombination charges. The mechanisms accountable for the drastically increased photocatalytic activity of S, N-GQDs in solar light responsive integrating reactions of amines in aerobic conditions into the corresponding derivative of imines are also completely scrutinized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4-hydroxynitrobenzene (4-HNB) is a highly effective industrial pollutant that causes adverse effects to human beings. In this regard, detoxification of noxious water is utmost indispensable. Highly efficient metal-free photocatalytic degradation and reduction of 4-HNB with and without reducing agent still challenge. Additionally, for this role, largely expensive reagents that can create inauspicious impacts on the environment are utilized. Herein, we developed a '1' photocatalyst that has the excellent ability for the H2O2-mediated degradation and reductant-free reduction of 4-HNB. The '1' photocatalyst has an excellent turnover number (TON) 0.644×1020 molecules and turnover frequency (TOF) 0.0035×1020 molecules /min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain (BC) technology have been ruling their respective research area. The integration of IoT and Blockchain enables delivering many effective and prominent services by incorporating in-built features like scalability, flexibility, and resilience along with availability and integrity. However, taking into account the constrained nature of IoT devices, it's quite hard to implement BC peers on top of IoT devices. Additionally, the rate at which transactions are produced by a huge number of constrained devices, BC could not handle effectively. The proposed work presented a solution to cater to these challenges. It incorporates the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for the distribution of resources generated by IoT devices. The proposed system is based on the Hyperledger Fabric BC framework and comprises smart contracts that are accountable for policy definition, policy enforcement, user identity management, and data retrieval. The experimental results illustrate that the running time taken by smart contract methods of the proposed solution is fairly less than the prominent work in the same domain. The performance evaluation clearly depicts how effectively the presented model achieves Confidentiality, Availability, Integrity, and prevents DoS and DDoS attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic processes triggered by graphene‐based photocatalysts under solar light have sparked interest as a new sort of instrument for solar chemical synthesis. Herein we investigated self‐assembled graphene quantum dots (GQDs)/NiSe‐NiO composite photocatalyst for organic transformation as well as dye degradation. The synthesized GQDs/NiSe‐NiO composite photocatalyst has an excellent suitable band gap, high molar extinction coefficient, low toxicity and chemical/thermal stability. The GQDs/NiSe‐NiO composite photocatalyst emerges as a new standard for sulfur oxidation and dye degradation reactions under homemade LED light with high yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is a defendable manner for production of several organic chemicals, energy and its storage from solar energy. For the evolution of metal free, cost‐effective catalyst a 2D composite has been appear as a photocatalyst. Here, we had reported the synthesis of a light harvesting composite as a photocatalyst which was assembled by a poly‐condensation mechanism between graphitic carbon nitride and tetrakis(4‐nitrophenyl) porphyrin and the resulting composite manifest the excellent light harvesting properties, suitable energy band and low charge recombination. The photocatalyst [(NO2)4TPP@g‐C3N4] enables the efficient photocatalytic production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) from consumed NAD+ also the production of organic chemicals like 4‐methoxybenzylimines from 4‐methoxybenzylamines. The photocatalytic efficiency of the photocatalyst was estimated by the percentage of NADH regeneration and the percentage yield of organic transformations. It shows the tetrakis(4‐nitrophenyl) porphyrin could enhance the charge transfer capacity of graphitic carbon nitride which shows excellent photocatalysis activities and organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WSN consist of tiny sensors that are distributed over the entire network and have the capability of sensing the data, processing it, and conveying it from one node to another. The purpose of the study is to minimize the power utilization per round and elevate the network lifespan. In the present case, nature-inspired mechanisms are used to minimize the power utilization of the network. In the proposed study, the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) is used to choose the optimal quantity of cluster heads from the dense nodes (available nodes). The parameters to be considered for the choice of the cluster head are: the remaining power of the node; distance from the other nodes in the network; distance from the base station; node centrality; and node degree. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to form the cluster head by choosing certain parameters, such as distance from the cluster head and the BS. The path is chosen by means of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Mechanism. The route is optimized by the distance, node degree, and the chosen remaining power. The inclusive performance of the projected protocol is measured in terms of stability period, quantity of active nodes, data acknowledged by the base station, and overall power utilization of the network. The results of the put redirect methodology are correlated with the extant mechanisms such as LEACH, DEEC, DDEEC, and EDEEC (Khan et al. in World Appl Sci J, 2013; Arora and Singh in Soft Comput 23:715–734, 2019; Saini and Sharma in 2010 First international conference on parallel, distributed and grid computing (PDGC 2010), 2010; Elbhiri et al. in 2010 5th International symposium on I/V communications and mobile network, 2010) and correlated with the swarm mechanisms such as CRHS, BERA, FUCHAR, ALOC, CPSO, and FLION. This review will help investigators discover the applications in this arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dysregulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in various immune-mediated inflammatory and hyperproliferative dermatoses such as acne, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, psoriasis, wounds, and vitiligo, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Improved comprehension of the consequences of the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in patients with inflammatory dermatoses has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and to create more effective preventive and treatment methods for a wide range of inflammatory skin diseases. Several studies have revealed that certain natural products and synthetic compounds can obstruct the expression/activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, underscoring their potential in managing common and persistent skin inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of the activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and associated components in immune-mediated inflammatory dermatoses and discusses the potential of bioactive natural products, synthetic scaffolds, and biologic agents in their prevention and treatment. However, further research is necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and develop more effective therapies for inflammatory skin disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-free photocatalysis is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method of transforming solar energy into molecules with added value. A light-harvesting photocatalyst without metal Phloxin-B (P-B) in-situ edge functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was assembled to enable the solar-light responsive photocatalytic C-H bond arylation and NADH regeneration cofactor. The photocatalytic performance was examined to estimate the C-H bond arylation and NADH regeneration efficiency by g-C3N4/P-B composite photocatalyst. The charge carrier transfer of g-C3N4 was found to be stimulated by the light harvester P-B layer, increasing the efficiency of chemical synthesis under solar light irradiation. In light of this, the g-C3N4/P-B composite photocatalyst exhibits high photocatalytic activity for the successful C-H bond arylation (98.6%) and regeneration of NADH (70.7%). This composite photocatalyst was characterized by FTIR and UV-visible spectrum along with particle size analysis, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). This effort offers a new and superficial technique to synthesize a highly efficient g-C3N4/P-B composite photocatalyst and afford a greener path for renewable energy and photocatalytic reactions. The graphical abstract represents the highly selective g-C3N4/P-B photocatalyst for the C-H bond activation of 4-bromoaryldiazonium salts with furan and regeneration of NADH under solar light irradiation. The g-C3N4/P-B photocatalyst has been effective photocatalytic property due stacking of Phloxin-B dye (P-B) on the g-C3N4 sheet. NADH regenerated and C-H bond arylated products are used as substrates in the pharma industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript emphasizes how structural assembling can facilitate the generation of solar chemicals and the synthesis of fine chemicals under solar light, which is a challenging task via a photocatalytic pathway. Solar energy utilization for pollution prevention through the reduction of organic chemicals is one of the most challenging tasks. In this field, a metal-based photocatalyst is an optional technique but has some drawbacks, such as low efficiency, a toxic nature, poor yield of photocatalytic products, and it is expensive. A metal-free activated carbon cloth (ACC)–templated photocatalyst is an alternative path to minimize these drawbacks. Herein, we design the synthesis and development of a metal-free self-assembled eriochrome cyanine R (EC-R) based ACC photocatalyst (EC-R@ACC), which has a higher molar extinction coefficient and an appropriate optical band gap in the visible region. The EC-R@ACC photocatalyst functions in a highly effective manner for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitro benzyl alcohol (4-NBA) into 4-amino benzyl alcohol (4-ABA) with a yield of 96% in 12 h. The synthesized EC-R@ACC photocatalyst also regenerates reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor with a yield of 76.9% in 2 h. The calculated turnover number (TON) of the EC-R@ACC photocatalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol is 1.769 × 1019 molecules. The present research sets a new benchmark example in the area of organic transformation and artificial photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is an ecofriendly and sustainable pathway for utilizing solar energy to convert organic molecules. In this context, using solar light responsive graphene-based materials for C–N bond activation and coenzyme regeneration (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen; NADH) is one of the utmost important and challenging tasks in this century. Herein, we report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs)-eriochrome cyanine (EC) solar light active highly efficient "NGQDs@EC" composite photocatalyst for the conversion of 4-chloro benzylamine into 4-chloro benzylamine, accompanied by the regeneration of NADH from NAD+, respectively. The NGQDs@EC composite photocatalyst system is utilized in a highly efficient and stereospecific solar light responsive manner, leading to the conversion of imine (98.5%) and NADH regeneration (55%) in comparison to NGQDs. The present research work highlights the improvements in the use of NGQDs@EC composite photocatalyst for stereospecific NADH regeneration and conversion of imine under solar light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation of a highly efficient and inexpensive graphene oxide-based photocatalyst is a challenging task for selective solar chemical regeneration/coenzyme such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Herein, we have designed lemon-juice derived highly efficient S-GQD/GO composite as a photocatalyst for regeneration of NADH under solar light. The rational design of a highly efficient photocatalytic system through the orientation of S-GQD on graphene oxide as solar light harvesting photocatalyst is explored for the first time for NADH regeneration. This highly solar light active S-GQD/GO composite photocatalyst upon integration with the NAD+ is used for highly regioselective regeneration of coenzyme (76.36%). The present work provides the benchmark instances of graphene oxide-based material as a photocatalyst for selective regeneration of NADH under solar light and opens a new door for green synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological wastewater treatment is mostly used in many industries to treat industrial influents. Treated water is consisting of an extremely high concentration of pathogenic microorganisms. Present work demonstrate the treatment of biologically treated sugar industry wastewater (BTSWW) using a low-frequency ultrasound (US). BTWSS consists of Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia Coli with a total coliform concentration of 2500 ± 300 CFU/mL. Experiments were performed using the individual effect of US, H2O2, and O3 and the combined effect of US with H2O2, O3, and H2O2 + O3. The complete removal of total coliform was obtained for the synergy effect of US with H2O2 and O3. The performance of the process was analyzed based on pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant and synergy coefficient. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant was 21.6 and 22.3 × 10–2 min−1 with a synergy coefficient of 2 and 1.9 for a combined effect of US with H2O2 and O3, respectively. Another advantage of the synergy of US and O3 was lower requirement of the initial dose of H2O2 (2.1 mM/L). The operational cost of the process was found to be $ 1.5 × 10–2 /MLD. Highlights: • Complete microbial disinfection achieved in 20 min. • The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant: 22.3 × 10–3 min−1 and synergy coefficient: 2 for US + O3. • The operational cost of $ 1.5 × 10–2 /MLD for US + O3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Solar light active oxygenation reactions and coenzyme regenerations are play crucial role in the area of pharmaceutical industry. The highly selective and efficient synthesis of oxygen‐containing molecules in an environmental friendly manner is challenging at both industrial and laboratory level. Here, we proposed a new synthetic approach for oxygenation reactions along with coenzyme regenerations using flexible‐activated carbon cloth (FACC) oriented covalent (C) tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (P) and thiourea (T)‐based framework (F), namely, CPTF@FACC photocatalyst. CPTF@FACC exhibits excellent solar light‐harvesting ability, well‐distinct photocatalytic centers, high molar extinction coefficient, excellent charge transport ability, and suitable optical band gap, which make the photocatalyst more efficient for oxygenation (sulfoxidation and epoxidation) reactions along with coenzyme regenerations. The oxygenation reactions were carried out in isopropyl alcohol via in situ production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under solar light using CPTF@FACC photocatalyst with high yields (~97%‐98%). Finally, the CPTF@FACC photocatalyst also show a benchmark example in the coenzymes regeneration with high yields 81.1% and 73.1% for NADH and NADPH in 2 h, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inexpensive graphitic carbon nitrite (g-C3N4) photocatalyst was hybridized with selenium oxide (SeO2) photocatalyst by a monolayer-dispersed technique. After hybridization of g-C3N4 with SeO2, the NADH/NADPH regeneration efficiency of SeO2 photocatalyst was enhanced under solar light illumination. The photocatalytic activity of SeO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under solar light illumination was enhanced by 3-fold higher than g-C3N4 photocatalyst, the solar light photocatalytic activity was produced and the photo-decomposition of SeO2 photocatalyst was completely stifled after hybridized SeO2 photocatalyst by g-C3N4 photocatalyst. The improvement in performance and photo-decomposition inhibition under solar light illumination was persuaded by efficiency separation of photo-persuaded holes from SeO2 to the valence bond (V.B.)/highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of g-C3N4 under solar light illumination, the electron jumped from the V.B. to the conduction band (C.B.)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of g-C3N4 could directly insert into the C.B. of SeO2 photocatalyst, synthesized SeO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst is highly active for NADH/NADPH regeneration under solar light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction for 'Sein–EY marvels: effortless elegance in crafting flexible film photocatalysts for formic acid production from CO2 and cyclization of thioamides in the air's embrace' by Rehana Shahin et al., New J. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nj00531g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop yield varies considerably within agroecology depending on the genetic potential of crop cultivars and various edaphic and climatic variables. Understanding site-specific changes in crop yield and genotype × environment interaction are crucial and needs exceptional consideration in strategic breeding programs. Further, genotypic response to diverse agro- ecologies o􀀀ers identification of strategic locations for evaluating traits of interest to strengthen and accelerate the national variety release program. In this study, multi-location field trial data have been used to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on crop phenological dynamics and their influence on the yield of mungbean in di􀀀erent agroecological regions of the Indian subcontinent. The present attempt is also intended to identify the strategic location(s) favoring higher yield and distinctiveness within mungbean genotypes. In the field trial, a total of 34 di􀀀erent mungbean genotypes were grown in 39 locations covering the north hill zone (n = 4), northeastern plain zone (n = 6), northwestern plain zone (n = 7), central zone (n = 11) and south zone (n = 11). The results revealed that the e􀀀ect of the environment was prominent on both the phenological dynamics and productivity of the mungbean. Noticeable variations (expressed as coefficient of variation) were observed for the parameters of days to 50% flowering (13%), days to maturity (12%), reproductive period (21%), grain yield (33%), and 1000-grain weight (14%) across the environments. The genotype, environment, and genotype × environment accounted for 3.0, 54.2, and 29.7% of the total variation in mungbean yield, respectively (p < 0.001), suggesting an oversized significance of site-specific responses of the genotypes. Results demonstrated that a lower ambient temperature extended both flowering time and the crop period. Linear mixed model results revealed that the changes in phenological events (days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, and reproductive period) with response to contrasting environments had no direct influence on crop yields (p > 0.05) for all the genotypes except PM 14-11. Results revealed that the south zone environment initiated early flowering and an extended reproductive period, thus sustaining yield with good seed size. While in low rainfall areas viz., Sriganganagar, New Delhi, Durgapura, and Sagar, the yield was comparatively low irrespective of genotypes. Correlation results and PCA indicated that rainfall during the crop season and relative humidity significantly and positively influenced grain yield. Hence, the present study suggests that the yield potential of mungbean is independent of crop phenological dynamics; rather, climatic variables like rainfall and relative humidity have considerable influence on yield. Further, HA-GGE biplot analysis identified Sagar, New Delhi, Sriganganagar, Durgapura, Warangal, Srinagar, Kanpur, and Mohanpur as the ideal testing environments, which demonstrated high efficiency in the selection of new genotypes with wider adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To minimize the ever‐increasing global warming and environmental problems, the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into value‐added solar chemicals/fuels is one of the most challenging tasks. As a means to accomplish this, herein we have synthesized first time novel in situ selenium‐doped polyimide frameworks (Se‐PIFs) photocatalyst via thermal co‐polymerization approach between melem (M) and perylene 3, 4, 9, 10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTDA) along with selenium (Se) as a dopant. The Se‐PIFs photocatalyst shows outstanding photocatalytic stability and activity for high solar fuel production (HCOOH ~ formic acid) from CO2. The solar light active Se‐PIFs photocatalyst was demonstrating the ~ 10‐fold higher photo‐conversion of CO2 to formic acid with yields of 250. 6 μmol. The current work is providing a facile and scalable avenue as well as sheds light on creating a new route for in situ judicious design highly efficient Se‐PIFs photocatalyst. The outcome is a benchmark instance for the use of selenium‐doped polyimide frameworks as a highly practical and efficient solar light active photocatalyst for carrying out the selective production of formic acid from environmental CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor system (WSN) is an assortment of miniature sensor knobs with some limitations. But in today's world, we are searching for the approach which provides cost-effective and time-saving that divulges the new idea and tactic in the envisioned arena. The study delivers the rapid opinion of this perception. In many areas, WSN is used such as in weather forecasting, military applications, battlefield applications, intrusion detection system. But these systems are having many limitations such as energy inefficiency, security, synchronization. For ensuring energy efficiency low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and advanced version of LEACH are used to augment the area of the sensor knobs. Author mentions and analyses the different types of protocols for prolonging the energy of sensor knobs. The research claimed had absorbed the security of the sensor knobs by implementing the different types of authentication measures which reduce attacks, capture attack, pin guessing attacks, and many more. This survey is very useful for beginners to understand the limitations and shortcomings of the cluster head and authentication protocols in WSN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural water quality is continuously diminishing with human intervention and poses a major threat to the ecosystem. The present work investigated the treatment of contaminated lake water using a 40 kHz frequency cavitational reactor. The total colony count present in raw water was 1,300 ± 150 CFU with initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 100 ± 30 mg/L. The synergy of cavitation with a catalyst (titanium dioxide [TiO2]) and ozonation was studied. The comparative performance was analyzed by comparing individual and synergic effects. The combined effects of a catalyst with cavitation have shown the maximum removal of the microbial count and COD. Techno-economic feasibility analysis confirmed that the synergy of a catalyst with cavitation results in the maximum reduction in microbial count and COD. The percentage removal of coliform such as Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli (catalyst concentration: 25.0 μM/L and treatment time: 20 min) was 90.8, 92.6, and 100, respectively, with COD removal of 71.6%. Enhanced results may be obtained due to an increase in the cavitational effect in the presence of a solid catalyst. The synergy of cavitation with TiO2 enhanced the microbial removal rate by 45.8% compared to the individual effect. Investigation confirms that synergy effects produced from ultrasound and catalyst were highly beneficial for reducing microbial count from raw water with a substantial COD reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the energy demands artificial photosynthesis is playing the most promising role these days. Using sunlight directly in a manner that can provide useful chemicals is a sustainable means of generating energy. Studies are going on in this context to make better and effective photocatalyst. In this paper, we study the synthesis of flower‐like graphene quantum dots‐based fuschin (GQDF) photocatalyst from lemon, which is created by a green and sustainable process that is effective and environment friendly. The UV‐visible spectra of prepared GQDF showed a high molar extinction coefficient. A flower‐like GQDF photocatalyst has better catalytic efficiency for the selective creation and regeneration of the NAD(P)H cofactor. A newly designed flower‐like GQDF photocatalyst is used as one of its most effective photocatalysts as they have several additional applications in the removal of CO2 and aqueous contaminants like heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), belonging to the super‐family of covalent organic frameworks, have attracted significant attention as a new type of photosensitizer due to the superb light‐harvesting ability and efficient charge transfer originating from the large surface area. However, the wide optical band gap in CTFs, which is larger than 3.0 eV, hinders the efficient light harvesting in the visible range. To overcome this limitation, we developed the new type CTFs photocatalyst based on the donor–acceptor conjugation scheme by using melamine (M) and 2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone (AQ) as monomeric units. The melamine‐2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone‐based covalent triazine frameworks (M‐AQ‐CTFs) photocatalyst shows the excellent light‐harvesting capacity with high molar extinction coefficient, and the suitable optical band gap involving the internal charge transfer character. Combination of M‐AQ‐CTFs and artificial photosynthetic system including the organometallic rhodium complex, acting as an electron mediator, exhibited the excellent photocatalytic efficiency for the regeneration of the nicotinamide cofactors such as NAD(P)H. In addition, this photocatalyst showed the high photocatalytic efficiency for the metal‐free aerobic oxidation of sulfide. This study demonstrates the high potential of CTFs photocatalyst with the donor–acceptor conjugated scheme can be actively used for artificial photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dimethyl sulfite as an alkylating as well as alkoxylating reagent is well known in synthetic organic as well as organometallic chemistry for a long time. Herein, we have utilized dimethyl sulfite as an alkylating reagent and reacted with fluorescein derivative, N‐fluorescein‐lactam‐hydrazine (B). This reaction leads to the generation of tetramethylated fluorescein lactam hydrazine (A). The newly designed and synthesized molecule (A) has been characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and HRMS data. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized alkylated fluorescein derivative has been tested against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and S. aureus microbial agents. Time‐kill assay results also confirmed that fluorescein derivative is a potent antimicrobial agent and revealed that the time‐kill assay of fluorescein derivative is value‐added than the well‐known antibiotic. In addition, quantum chemical study was used to analyze its activity trend and correlated with the experimental data. The computed results of DFT revealed that the lipophilicity as well as the LUMO‐HOMO band gap (ΔELUMO‐HOMO = 4.75 eV) of compound A make it more suitable as an antimicrobial agent to match with in vitro antimicrobial experimental results. The MIC and MBC values of compound A were observed to be lower in contrast to fluorescein and ampicillin for all the tested bacterial strains, which were approximately 3‐ to 4‐fold lower than MIC and MBC values of the later. Results obtained from the study clearly indicate that compound A has better antimicrobial and bactericidal activity in comparison to ampicillin and fluorescein. Synthesized compound can be a better substitute of traditionally used antibiotics, Ampicillin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient photocatalytic regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) has been carried out by two‐electron reduction and protonation of NAD+/NADP+, induced by photons in the visible light region. This functional artificial photosynthetic counterpart of the complete energy‐trapping occurring in natural photosystem I (PS I) is achieved with nitrogen‐enrich graphene quantum dot (N‐EGQD) as the light‐harvesting photocatalyst. In buffer aqueous solution, this compound photo catalytically recycles a rhodium hydride complex of the type [Cp*Rh(bpy)H]+ (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) which can mediate hydride transfer processes leading to nucleotide co‐factor reduction. Very promising yields of 73.31%/78.45% of NADH/NADPH with the excellent thermal stability of N‐EGQD photocatalyst is observed. Thus, in this work, an efficient light‐harvesting photocatalyst is synthesized for the regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor that has pharmaceuticals application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkylating as well as alkoxylating behavior of dialkyl sulfites are well presented in the literature. In the present work dialkyl sulphites behavior has been investigated towards EOSIN Y (tetrabrominated fluorescein). The products of the reactions (dialkylated eosin Y) reveal that alkylation takes place at the both active sites (at hydroxyl and carboxyl functionalities) in a single step through sulphur-centred Arbuzov type rearrangement. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used as a tool to analyze the role of the halogen groups present at the periphery of the xanthene moiety in alkylation at hydroxyl and carboxy positions of EOSIN Y. Furthermore, in photo-physical study, it was observed that compound C acts as a superoxide sensor specifically with the detection limit 63μM. Its anti-microbial activity was checked against the E. coli and S-aureus using the agar well diffusion assay and, it was observed that it could be used as better antimicrobial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A global challenge faced by light harvesting photocatalyst is how to promote the selective organic transformation, such as C‐S bond formation via radical–radical coupling under solar light. Here, we report a two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D‐COFs), poly (perylene‐imide‐benzoquinone) nanorod through in situ condensation on flexible activated carbon cloth (PPIBNR‐FACC) to function as a light harvester material for highly selective radical–radical coupling to vinyl sulfides (i.e. C‐S bond activation). Such a structure supports charge transfer from PPIBNR to FACC, which is essential for the selective radical–radical coupling. Hence, organic transformation is attaining high yields and selectivity (˜99%) under solar light using in situ prepared PPIBNR‐FACC photocatalyst. The structural virtues of PPIBNR‐FACC will trigger the utmost investigations into designable and versatile 2D‐COFs for fine chemical synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective radical‐radical coupling of terminal alkynes and thiol has been broadly used in chemical synthesis, providing plausible entries to the formation of anti‐Markovnikov products. Because of the selective control and Kharasch effect, the formation of Markovnikov products still remains an immense challenge. Herein, we designed a covalent organic polymer, poly(naphthalene 1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxylic dianhydrideimide‐benzoquinone) through in situ polymerization on activated flexible carbon cloth to function as a light harvester material for selective Markovnikov radical‐radical coupling of terminal alkynes and thiol. Mechanistic explorations verified that cross‐coupling between radical of terminal alkynes and thiol might be the key route in this organic transformation, such as C—S bond formation. This selective radical‐radical Markovnikov of cross‐coupling protocol provide an opportunity to assist the synthesis of valuable vinyl sulfide. Additionally, the synthesized material has been explored as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 vol% LPG, respectively. At 2.0 vol% LPG, it shows maximum sensor response as 635.29. Least response and recovery times are 2.44 and 1.0 s, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder that is associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 384 children admitted to paediatric intensive care to determine its prevalence and association with severity of illness and outcome in critically ill children. The severity of illness was evaluated using the paediatric risk of mortality score (PRISM III), on admission, at 24 and 48 h. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 175 children (45.6%) and was associated with higher severity of illness, need for mechanical ventilation and increased mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]