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Background: Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition characterized by severe hyperthermia and multiple organ dysfunction. Both normal saline (NS) and lactated Ringer's solution (LR) are commonly used for cooling and volume resuscitation in heatstroke patients; however, their specific impacts on patient outcomes during heatstroke management are poorly understood. Given that the systemic inflammatory response and multiple-organ damage caused by heat toxicity are the main pathophysiological features of heatstroke, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of NS and LR on the production of inflammatory cytokines and the functional and structural integrity of renal and cardiac tissues in a rat model of heatstroke. Methods: Fifty-five male Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: cold NS or LR infusion postheatstroke (4 ℃, 4 ml/100 g, over 10 min) and NS or LR infusion without heatstroke induction (control groups). Vital signs, arterial blood gases, inflammatory cytokines, and renal and cardiac function indicators, such as serum creatinine and cTnI, were monitored after treatment. Tissue samples were analysed via HE staining, electron microscopy, and fluorescence staining for apoptosis markers, and protein lysates were used for Western blotting of pyroptosis-related proteins. Results: Compared with LR-treated heatstroke rats, NS-treated heatstroke rats presented lower mean arterial pressures, worsened metabolic acidosis, and higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in both the serum and tissue. These rats also presented increased serum creatinine, troponin, catecholamines, and NGAL and reduced renal clearance. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed more severe tissue damage in NS-treated rats, with increased apoptosis and increased expression of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signalling molecules. Similar differences were not observed between the control groups receiving either NS or LR infusion. One NS-treated heatstroke rat died within 24 h, whereas all the LR-treated and control rats survived. Conclusions: NS resuscitation in heat-exposed rats significantly promotes metabolic acidosis and the inflammatory response, leading to greater functional and structural organ damage than does LR. These findings underscore the necessity of selecting appropriate resuscitation fluids for heatstroke management to minimize organ damage and improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of residue, absorption, conduction, and degradation of agricultural organosilicon surfactants in the environment is hindered by the lack of information on active ingredients and corresponding quantitative standards for organosilicon spray adjuvants. The spray adjuvant 'Jiexiaoli,' a primary organosilicon spray agent in China, was identified as hydroxy (polyethylene) propyl‐heptamethyl trisiloxane (TSS‐H) with 3–15 ethoxy (EO) groups. Purification of TSS‐H was achieved through semi‐preparative separation using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), resulting in TSS‐H purity exceeding 96%. An accurate residual detection method for nine oligomers (4–12 EO) of TSS‐H in rice roots, stems, leaves, and culture solution samples was developed using HPLC tandem high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HRMS). Recoveries for nine oligomers of TSS‐H in the four matrices ranged from 80.22% to 104.01%. Foliar application experiments demonstrated that TSS‐H did not transfer from the upper to the lower parts of the rice plant. The half‐lives of each oligomer (4–12 EO) in leaves were less than 3.21 days. Root application experiments revealed a root concentration factor (RCF) ranging from 0.20 to 0.56, a biological enrichment factor (BCF) ranging from 0.36 to 0.68, a transpiration factor (TSCF) ranging from 0.069 to 0.086, and a transport factor (TF) ranging from 0.08 to 0.43. These results indicated that TSS‐H could be absorbed by rice roots and conducted to the above‐ground parts of rice plants. This study fills the data gap in the environmental risk and food safety assessment of agricultural silicone spray adjuvants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The honeycomb structure stands out as an exemplary material, characterized by its remarkable combination of lightweight and superior mechanical strength. Drawing inspiration from the roles of cellulose nanofiber and lignin in natural wood, a novel high‐stiffness biomass honeycomb nanocomposite is developed. This composite is engineered by incorporating lignin into bacterial cellulose, followed by the self‐polycondensation of lignin at elevated temperature. The nanocomposite architecture features intricately interwoven nanofibers to provide a robust long‐range framework, while the self‐polymerized lignin through coniferyl alcohol radicals serves as a rigid binder that interlinks the nanofibers. The dual mechanisms endow the material with exceptional tensile strength and rigidity. Molding this nanocomposite into a honeycomb structure yields a material with outstanding mechanical properties that outperform commercial alternatives, including those derived from Nomex paper and aluminum alloys. Given its characteristics, this nanocomposite holds great promise as a substrate for the next generation of high‐performance structural materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diet can regulate systemic inflammation, which may play an important role in the development and progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. To explore the relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and cognitive ability. A total of 2307 adults aged 60 years or older were recruited from the Fujian Provincial Hospital (Fujian, China). Dietary inflammatory properties were analyzed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess cognitive function. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were fit to assess the associations between variables. The MCI subjects with the highest E-DII scores had a higher risk of AD compared to subjects with the lowest E-DII scores (OR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.49–2.64, P for trend < 0.001). Subjects with the highest E-DII levels were at increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those with the lowest E-DII levels (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.25–1.93, P for trend < 0.001). The link between E-DII and cognitive impairment was significant in a nonlinear dose response analysis (P for nonlinear = 0.001). Higher E-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of developing AD or cognitive impairment. These findings may contribute to the effective prevention of cognitive impairment by constructing a multidisciplinary synergistic prevention strategy and controlling dietary inflammation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethical conflict is embedded in healthcare and is common in critical care setting. However, there is a paucity of research on the nature of ethical conflict in China. Ethical conflict has cultural and context sensitivity. Therefore, evidence is needed from different backgrounds to help discuss this issue across borders. Aim: This study aimed to qualitatively identify the experience of ethical conflict in critical care professionals in China. Study design: From December 2021 to February 2022, we performed semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with 21 critical care professionals from five intensive care units in a tertiary general hospital in China. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data. Results: Five themes and 14 sub‐themes emerged from the data. Critical care professionals probably felt unable to navigate uncertainty, torn by family issues, outraged by unprofessional behaviours of medical staff, being trapped in a socioeconomic dilemma when having experience of ethical conflict. In addition, they also perceived that they could turn struggle into growth. Conclusions: The experience of ethical conflict in critical care professionals involved a mixture of feelings. This study builds a comprehensive understanding of how ethical conflict affected their perceptions of themselves and their profession and provides implications to develop effective coping strategies. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The identification of critical care professionals' experience of ethical conflict would help identify what might trigger the ethical issues and what would be the potential target to optimize in critical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In visual tracking, the target always undergoes appearance variations due to a variety of challenging situations, such as deformation and rotation. In this paper, we propose the target-guided feature modulation network based on siamese network to extract the more target-relevant features, which is guided by a template to modulate the search features that can be directly used for classification and localization. Specifically, we customize two target-guided feature modulation subnetworks for visual tracking, which are called template-guided spatial-attention modulation subnetwork and template-guided channel-attention modulation subnetwork, to achieve this proposal. The former controls the discriminative region based on the correlation of each search feature position with all template feature positions, whereas the latter readjusts the importance of each channel based on the response value of each channel feature of the template feature and the response value of each channel of the search feature. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separator is an essential component of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) to determine their electrochemical performances. However, the separator with high mechanical strength, good electrolyte wettability and excellent electrochemical performance remains an open challenge. Herein, a new separator consisting of amphoteric nanofibers with abundant functional groups was fabricated through supramolecular assembly of natural polymers for SIB. The uniform nanoporous structure, remarkable mechanical properties and abundant functional groups (e.g. −COOH, −NH2 and −OH) endow the separator with lower dissolution activation energy and higher ion migration numbers. These metrics enable the separator to lower the barrier for desolvation of Na+, accelerate the migration of Na+, and generate more stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). The battery assembled with the amphoteric nanofiber separator shows higher specific capacity and better stability than that assembled with glass fiber (GF) separator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Intercropping leads to different plant roots directly influencing belowground processes and has gained interest for its promotion of increased crop yields and resource utilization. However, the precise mechanisms through which the interactions between rhizosphere metabolites and the microbiome contribute to plant production remain ambiguous, thus impeding the understanding of the yield‐enhancing advantages of intercropping.This study conducted field experiments (initiated in 2013) and pot experiments, coupled with multi‐omics analysis, to investigate plant–metabolite–microbiome interactions in the rhizosphere of maize.Field‐based data revealed significant differences in metabolite and microbiome profiles between the rhizosphere soils of maize monoculture and intercropping. In particular, intercropping soils exhibited higher microbial diversity and metabolite chemodiversity. The chemodiversity and composition of rhizosphere metabolites were significantly related to the diversity, community composition, and network complexity of soil microbiomes, and this relationship further impacted plant nutrient uptake. Pot‐based findings demonstrated that the exogenous application of a metabolic mixture comprising key components enriched by intercropping (soyasapogenol B, 6‐hydroxynicotinic acid, lycorine, shikimic acid, and phosphocreatine) significantly enhanced root activity, nutrient content, and biomass of maize in natural soil, but not in sterilized soil.Overall, this study emphasized the significance of rhizosphere metabolite–microbe interactions in enhancing yields in intercropping systems. It can provide new insights into rhizosphere controls within intensive agroecosystems, aiming to enhance crop production and ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine association between subgingival microbial signatures and levels of cognitive impairment in older adults. Materials and Methods: We analysed subgingival plaque samples and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for microbiota among 165 participants (normal controls [NCs]: 40, subjective cognitive decline [SCD]: 40, mild cognitive impairment [MCI]: 49 and dementia: 36). Results: The bacterial richness was lower among individuals with worse cognitive function, and subgingival microbial communities differed significantly among the four groups. Declining cognitive function was associated with decreasing relative abundance of genera Capnocytophaga, Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis, Lautropia and Granulicatella, and increasing abundance of genus Porphyromonas. Moreover, there were differentially abundant genera among the groups. Random forest model based on subgingival microbiota could distinguish between cognitive impairment and NC (AUC = 0.933, 95% confidence interval 0.873–0.992). Significant correlations were observed between oral microbiota and sex, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and Mini‐Mental State Examination score. Partial correlation analysis showed that Leptotrichia and Burkholderia were closely negatively associated with the MoCA score after adjusting for multiple covariates. Gene function was not significantly different between SCD and NC groups, whereas three homozygous genes were altered in MCI patients and two in dementia patients. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate an association between the composition, function and metabolic pathways of subgingival microbiota and different levels of cognitive function among older individuals. Future cohort studies should assess its diagnostic usefulness for cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of durable materials with excellent oil-adsorption capacity and separation performance for the treatment of oily wastewater is meaningful based on the special property of smart responsiveness. Herein, a solvent-responsive melamine sponge (MS) was developed via silanization and the in situ growth of a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). Detailed characterization of the resultant composite MS was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The multiscale hierarchical MS substrate exhibited highly hydrophobic properties in the pH range of 1–11, along with a satisfactory adsorption capacity in the range of 65.4–134.2 g/g for different oils. The modified surface transformed from superhydrophobic/superlipophilic to superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic upon ethanol wetting, reverting to its original superhydrophobic state upon drying. The separation flux of the MS substrate was above 1.5 × 104 L/m2h for both oil and water removal, and the separation efficiency was greater than 98.7%. The absence of obvious changes in separation performance after 50 successive immiscible oil−water separations indicated the excellent durability and robustness of the anchored ZIF-8 nanoparticles on the surface of the modified MS substrate. More importantly, oil-in-water emulsion separation was successfully carried out via the ZIF-8 MS composite, showing high separation efficiency (over 99.1%). The developed smart sponge, which had high oil-adsorption capacity, excellent chemical stability, and fire resistance, has a wide range of potential practical applications in the convenient treatment of oily wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that intravenous normal saline (NS) may be associated with the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to evaluate the association between the volume of NS infusion and AKI in heat stroke (HS) patients. This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 138 patients with HS. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. Secondary outcomes included the need for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in the ICU and hospital, and in-hospital mortality. Multivariate regression models, random forest imputation, and genetic and propensity score matching were used to explore the relationship between NS infusion and outcomes. The mean volume of NS infusion in the emergency department (ED) was 3.02 ± 1.45 L. During hospitalization, 33 patients (23.91%) suffered from AKI. In the multivariate model, as a continuous variable (per 1 L), the volume of NS infusion was associated with the incidence of AKI (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.43–4.40; p =.001), admission to the ICU (OR, 3.46; 95% CI 1.58–7.54; p =.002), and length of stay in the ICU (β, 1.00 days; 95% CI, 0.44–1.56; p <.001) and hospital (β, 1.41 days; 95% CI, 0.37–2.45; p =.008). These relationships also existed in the forest imputation cohort and matching cohort. There were no differences in the use of CRRT or in-hospital mortality. The volume of NS infusion was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of AKI, admission to the ICU, and length of stay in the ICU and hospital among patients with HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that an elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was associated with all-cause mortality in both general adult individuals and critically ill adult patients. However, the relationship between the TyG index and clinical prognosis in pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association of the TyG index with in-hospital all-cause mortality in critically ill pediatric patients. Methods: A total of 5706 patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care database were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality, and secondary outcome was 30-day in-ICU all-cause mortality. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves and two-piecewise multivariate Cox hazard regression models were performed to explore the relationship between the TyG index and outcomes. Results: The median age of the study population was 20.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 4.8, 63.0] months, and 3269 (57.3%) of the patients were male. The mean TyG index level was 8.6 ± 0.7. A total of 244 (4.3%) patients died within 30 days of hospitalization during a median follow-up of 11 [7, 18] days, and 236 (4.1%) patients died in ICU within 30 days of hospitalization during a median follow-up of 6 [3, 11] days. The RCS curves indicated a U-shape association between the TyG index and 30-day in-hospital and in-ICU all-cause mortality (both P values for non-linear < 0.001). The risk of 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality was negatively correlated with the TyG index until it bottoms out at 8.6 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.93). However, when the TyG index was higher than 8.6, the risk of primary outcome increased significantly (adjusted HR, 1.51, 95% CI 1.16–1.96]). For 30-day in-ICU all-cause mortality, we also found a similar relationship (TyG < 8.6: adjusted HR, 0.75, 95% CI 0.57–0.98; TyG ≥ 8.6: adjusted HR, 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.85). Those results were consistent in subgroups and various sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: Our study showed that the association between the TyG index and 30-day in-hospital and in-ICU all-cause mortality was nonlinear U-shaped, with a cutoff point at the TyG index of 8.6 in critically ill pediatric patients. Our findings suggest that the TyG index may be a novel and important factor for the short-term clinical prognosis in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly sensitivity balloon-like fiber interferometer based on ethanol coating is presented in this paper. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is formed by bending a single-mode fiber to a balloon-like structure and nested in the Teflon tube. Then, an ethanol solution was filled into the tube of the balloon-like fiber interferometer by the capillary effect. Due to the high sensitivity of the refractive index (RI) of ethanol solutions to temperature, when the external temperature varies, the optical path difference changes. The change in temperature can be detected by the shift in the interference spectrum. Limited by the size of the balloon-like structure, three kinds of these structures with different sensitive lengths were prepared to select the best parameters. The sensitive lengths were 10, 15 and 20 mm, respectively, and the RI detection performance of each structure in 10~26% NaCl solutions was investigated experimentally. The results show that when the sensitive length is 20 mm, the RI sensitivity of the sensor is the highest, which is 212.88 nm/RIU. Ultimately, the sensitive length filled with ethanol is 20 mm. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the structure is 1.145 nm/°C in the range of 28.1 °C~35 °C, which is 10.3 times higher than that of an unfilled balloon-like structure (0.111 nm/°C). The system has the advantages of low cost and easy fabrication, which can potentially be used in high-precision temperature monitoring processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Intercropping is known to have low fertilizer input but high production efficiency. However, only few studies have explored the nutrient stoichiometry of soil and microbiome under intercropping patterns to understand the mechanisms underlying the improvement in crop production by intercropping. Methods: A field-based experiment (started in 2013) was conducted to explore the effects of intercropping of maize with peanut, soybean, gingelly, and sweet potato on soil microbial resource limitation, and the factors controlling the resource limitation were investigated by exploring functional gene abundance and soil C–N–P stoichiometry. Results: Vector angle (indicator of microbial P limitation) was > 45° in all soil samples. Compared with monocropping, intercropping significantly decreased the vector length and angle. The RC:N-TERC:N was < 0 and the RC:P-TERC:P was > 0 in all soil samples. The RC:P-TERC:P of the monocropping was significantly higher than that of the intercropping soil. Compared with monocropping, the abundances of most of functional genes related to C degradation and fixation, N fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and P activation increased in intercropping soil. Microbial P limitation was associated more with the C–N–P stoichiometric ratios of soil and microbiome than with functional gene abundance. Soil microbial P limitation was notably related to plant N and P uptake and maize yield, regulating by soil microbial N:P, available P:C and P:N ratio. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the mitigation of microbial P limitation by intercropping and highlighted the importance of understanding the promotion of microbial metabolisms by soil resource stoichiometry, which can help in improving maize productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we propose a visual tracking algorithm based on structural-appearance information fusion that aims to distinguish the target from distractors, including both semantical and visual distractors. It measures the similarity of targets using both appearance information and structural information, with the former extracted from siamese networks and the latter learned from appearance information using a target-cross attention mechanism. The structural and appearance information can be dynamically fused by using a gating recurrent unit, which can control the fusion ratio between them.Additionally, we introduce a similarity matching loss function to explicitly guide feature extraction. Our proposed method can extract discriminative features that facilitate the identification of the target, thus improving tracking performance. Extensive experimental results show that our proposed similarity feature extraction method can improve the tracking performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters worldwide. Such disasters are often accompanied by strong precipitation and other weather factors, making it more difficult to identify affected areas. Moreover, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology can capture images in a 24‐hr window and penetrate clouds and fog. Change detection (CD) technology based on SAR images is generally utilized to locate disaster‐stricken areas by analyzing the differences between pre‐ and post‐disaster images. However, this method faces two main challenges: the presence of speckle noise, which reduces the difference detection accuracy, and the lack of a suitable SAR data set for flood disaster CD. Therefore, this study proposes a novel two‐stage approach for locating flood disaster areas, known as the denoising‐change detection approach (D‐CDA). The first stage comprises a nine‐layer denoising network with an encoder‐decoder structure known as the SAR denoising network (SDNet). It utilizes a multiresidual block and a parallel convolutional block attention module to extract features during the encoding process to suppress the noise component. In the second stage, a novel convolution neural network is proposed to detect the changes between bitemporal SAR images, namely, the coordinate attention fused network, which combines the siamese network and UNet++ as the backbone, and fuses coordinate attention modules to enhance the change features. Moreover, a CD data set (Zhengzhou flood data set) was constructed using Sentinel‐1 SAR images based on the 2021 flood disaster in Zhengzhou, China. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that D‐CDA achieves favorable detection performance in locating flood disaster areas. Key Points: We designed a deep learning network for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image denoisingWe combined SAR image denoising and change detection (CD) techniques for flood disaster localizationWe constructed a data set for flood CD using SAR images and a data set for SAR image denoising [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the concept of pipeline intelligence, or smart pipelines, has emerged as a promising approach to address various pipeline transmission issues. Intelligent control system requires the variation and thickness of wax deposition inside the crude oil transmission pipeline to make decisions to minimize wax deposition. This study aimed to investigate wax deposition in both polyethylene (PE) and stainless steel (SS) pipes under different water contents, utilizing a custom-designed flow loop apparatus. It was found that the wax-deposit thickness on the surface of the PE test section was thicker (water content lower than 50 vol. %) and then thinner (water content higher than 50 vol. %) than that on the surface of the SS test section. The radial diffusivity and wax mass flux were calculated and proved to be responsible for the behavior variation of wax deposition. The contact angles of oil and water on the PE surface were both larger than those on the SS surface. Experimental investigation was conducted to determine the phase inversion point of oil and water emulsions, which was found to be around 50 vol.%. The results indicated that when water was the bulk phase, greater water adherence to the steel pipe wall resulted in reduced wax deposition on the SS test section. As a result, distinct deposition behaviors were observed both before and after the phase inversion point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercropping is a powerful practice to alter the allocation of photosynthetic carbon (C) to belowground ecosystems via promotion of diversified plant communities. The feedback of soil C stability to intercropping is controlled by microbial C use efficiency (CUE). Despite its significance, there is currently insufficient evidence to decipher how soil microbial CUE reacts to intercropping. By combining a 10-year-long intercropping experiment with a substrate-independent 18O-H2O labelling approach and high-throughput sequencing, we elucidated the performance of intercropping on soil C pool and microbial metabolic traits as well as their relationships with soil microbial communities. Compared with monoculture, maize intercropping with peanut and soybean significantly increased soil C storage, soil mineral-associated organic C (MAOC), soil dissolved organic (DOC), and soil microbial biomass (MBC) contents at maize four growth stages. Soil microbial CUE increased significantly, especially at maize flowering and mature stages, as a consequence of enhanced microbial growth and biomass turnover rate after maize intercropping with peanut and soybean. Soil C storage and accessibility indicators (e.g., MAOC, DOC, and MBC contents) could significantly predict the changes of soil microbial diversity and core taxa. Meanwhile, the beta-diversity (community composition) of soil bacteria, fungi, saprotroph and protists, as well as rare fungal taxa were positively correlated with soil microbial CUE, and these indicators showed a high prediction of the microbial CUE. Soil C storage and accessibility indicators directly and indirectly influenced soil microbial CUE by regulating microbial diversity and key taxa. Soil microbial diversity and core taxa directly and indirectly influenced microbial CUE by mediating microbial respiration, growth, biomass, and enzyme activity, which mediated by soil C storage and accessibility. These findings provide an evidence for the associations between microbial diversity, CUE, and soil C stability, highlighting the importance of intercropping-driven soil microbiome to enhance soil microbial CUE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To develop an evidence-based practice (EBP) facilitating strategy informed by the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework and evaluates the strategy's effectiveness on promoting EBP. Background. Nurses are increasingly expected to use research evidence in practice to improve patients' outcomes, but the application of such evidence is still unsatisfactory. The facilitation of EBP in nursing needs the organization and the individual levels. Methods. Based on an analysis of EBP-promoting strategies and expert consultation, the core team of the nursing department developed an EBP group-based and project-oriented strategy under the guidance of the i-PARIHS framework. The strategy was implemented for six years and evaluated by a longitudinal design. The validated Chinese version of the self-reported Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) was used to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practice of the nurses. Results. The mean score of the total EBPQ was 4.46 (SD = 0.92) after one year of the EBP strategy, and the scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practice of EBP members were higher than those of general nurses p < 0.05 . After four years, EBP members' scores continued to increase. EBP groups conducted 51 EBP projects in the areas of emergency nursing, surgical and medical nursing, critical care, and so forth. Of these, 33 projects improved nursing practice by changing nursing procedures, upgrading nursing tools, and developing nursing standards, resulting in improved patient outcomes. Conclusion. The EBP group-based and project-oriented strategy can promote EBP. The composition of the EBP group, the annual audit of EBP projects, and the roles of internal and external facilitators were key components of this EBP-facilitating strategy. Implications for Nursing Management. The strategy is an organizational-level EBP-facilitation approach which can improve nurses' academic preparation for EBP through ongoing training and sustained EBP behavior that involves annual projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, ultra-wide cross section highway is a hotspot in construction and brings some unique noise distribution characteristics. In this work, we further investigate noise distribution characteristics of diverse building layouts along ultra-wide cross section highway in Guangdong Province with multiple noise mitigation measures. By the aid of vehicle noise emission model and noise mapping, the influence of high-rise building layouts and shielding in the urban planning on noise mitigation is also considered. Some key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Under the same distance, the noise level of non-frontage building facades is higher than frontage building facades. After taking noise reduction measures, the noise reduction effect of non-street-facing building facades, buildings facing the road, and buildings at a long distance to the road is greater than street-facing building facades, buildings sideways to the road, and buildings at a short distance; (2) the distribution trend of insertion loss (IL) of non-frontage buildings is influenced by the height of the frontage buildings. Specifically, the trend of insertion loss first increases and then decreases as the floor rises when the height of non-frontage buildings is higher than frontage buildings. Comparatively, the trend of insertion loss decreases as the floor rises when the height of non-frontage buildings is equal to frontage buildings; (3) when double noise reduction measures are implemented, the noise distribution trend in buildings is similar to that observed with individual noise reduction measure, where the difference between both is only 0.6 dB(A). Thanks to the high representativeness of the case area, this work can provide some design guidance for the urban planning and the selection of noise reduction measures along the ultra-wide cross section highway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study compared the outcomes of unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD-HSCT) and immunosuppressive therapy plus eltrombopag (IST + EPAG) as first-line treatments for adults with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The study found that URD-HSCT had improved survival outcomes compared to IST + EPAG, but there was no significant difference in hematologic response or health-related quality of life between the two treatments. The study suggests that URD-HSCT could be considered as a first-line option for adult SAA patients without a matched sibling donor. Another study focused on the outcomes of URD-HSCT in patients with non-severe aplastic anemia. The results showed successful engraftment and low rates of graft failure, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The incidence of aGVHD was higher in patients who received a mismatched unrelated donor compared to those who received a matched unrelated donor. Overall, URD-HSCT appears to be a favorable treatment option for adult SAA patients without a matched sibling donor, but further research is needed. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND: Citrus leaf miners are a common pest harming citrus production and quality during citrus planting. During the citrus plant's growth phase, bisultap formulation was frequently used to boost yield and produce fruit of high quality. However, research on citrus's dietary risk assessment for bisultap residues, dissipation and residues is lacking. RESULTS: Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was used to develop an accurate and sensitive analytical method for derivatizing bisultap into nereistoxin in whole fruit, pulp and peel. At various levels of addition, the mean recovery of bisultap ranged from 84.64% to 111.09% with a reasonable relative RSD (< 20%). The half‐lives in Guangxi and Guizhou were 3.96 and 6.03 days, respectively. After 14–21 days of bisultap application, total residues (bisultap and its metabolite nereistoxin) in the whole fruit were from < 0.02 to 0.228 mg kg−1 in the four experiment sites. Total residue (bisultap and nereistoxin, expressed by bisultap) in whole fruit was approximately 1.05–7.23 times that of pulp. The washing process with tap water removed 85.71% to 98.78% of the bisultap residue in the whole fruit. Bisultap's risk assessment value in citrus was in the range 0.16–1.28%. CONCLUSION: In the whole citrus fruit, bisultap degrades rapidly. Bisultap residues primarily accumulate on citrus peels, and so washing and peeling citrus may effectively remove bisultap residues. For various age groups, the chronic dietary risk of bisultap was acceptable. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we investigated the efficacy of letermovir in preventing Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: Based on whether or not letermovir was used for preventing CMV infection, the patients were categorized into two groups: letermovir and control groups. The overall survival (OS) rate and cumulative incidence of CMV infection during the first 100 days after allo-HSCT were evaluated. The study included 21 matched pairs of patients, identified through propensity score matching analysis, to compare CMV infection rates, treatment efficacy, and regression. Results: The incidence of CMV infection within 100 days after transplantation was significantly lower in the letermovir group than in the control group (26.5 vs. 77.4%, respectively; P < 0.001), among a total of 87 patients who underwent the transplant. In the matched cohort of 21 patients with AA, the letermovir group also showed a significantly reduced cumulative incidence of CMV infection (14.3 vs. 90.5% in the control group; P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, patients with CMV infection in the letermovir group had lower CMV-DNA load and a shorter clearance time. However, there was no significant difference in OS between both groups (P = 0.34). Conclusions: Letermovir effectively prevents CMV infection in allo-HSCT recipients with AA and demonstrates a high safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased sequencing depth can improve the detection rate of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for chromosome aneuploidies and copy number variations (CNVs). However, due to the technical limitations of NIPT, false-positives and false-negatives are inevitable. False-positives for aneuploidy and CNVs have been widely reported, but few missed cases have been reported. In this study, we report 3 patients missed by NIPT, which were still missed after increasing the sequencing depth. To verify the detection efficiency of the platform, the results of NIPT in 32,796 patients treated in Yulin Women and Children Health Care Hospital from 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Data on false-negative cases found by postnatal follow-up or amniocentesis were collected, and the sequencing data, pregnancy examination data, and postnatal follow-up results of these missed patients were summarized. Five patients missed by NIPT were found, and they were missed again by retesting or increasing the sequencing depth. Except for hypospadias found in 1 patient, ultrasonography of the other 4 patients showed no obvious abnormalities during the whole pregnancy. Our results suggest that pregnant women should be fully informed of the benefits and limitations of NIPT before undergoing the examination to avoid unnecessary medical disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health Information-Seeking Behaviour (HISB) is necessary for self-management and medical decision-making among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With the advancement of information technology, health information needs and seeking are reshaped among patients with IBD. This scoping review aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of HISB of people with IBD in the digital age. Methods: This scoping review adhered to Arksey and O'Malley's framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews frameworks (PRISMA-ScR). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and three Chinese databases from January 1, 2010 to April 10, 2023. Employing both deductive and inductive content analysis, we scrutinized studies using Wilson's model. Results: In total, 56 articles were selected. Within the information dimension of HISB among patients with IBD, treatment-related information, particularly medication-related information, was identified as the most critical information need. Other information requirements included basic IBD-related information, daily life and self-management, sexual and reproductive health, and other needs. In the sources dimension, of the eight common sources of information, the internet was the most frequently mentioned source of information, while face-to-face communication with healthcare professionals was the preferred source. Associated factors were categorized into six categories: demographic characteristics, psychological aspects, role-related or interpersonal traits, environmental aspects, source-related characteristics, and disease-related factors. Moreover, the results showed five types of HISB among people with IBD, including active searching, ongoing searching, passive attention, passive searching, and avoid seeking. Notably, active searching, especially social information seeking, appeared to be the predominant common type of HISB among people with IBD in the digital era. Conclusion: Information needs and sources for patients with IBD exhibit variability, and their health information-seeking behaviour is influenced by a combination of diverse factors, including resource-related and individual factors. Future research should focus on the longitudinal changes in HISB among patients with IBD. Moreover, efforts should be made to develop information resources that are both convenient and provide credible information services, although the development of such resources requires further investigation and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper introduces an innovative design for a compact bandpass filter, notable for achieving a substantial tuning range of operational frequencies using just a single bias voltage. The design is based on a planar microstrip approach, distinguished by its straightforward and efficient structure. Additionally, this filter is characterized by its excellent performance in suppressing out-of-band frequencies. To validate the practicality and effectiveness of this novel design, a compact filter was designed, manufactured, and measured. The testing results were impressive, showing that the filter's measured center frequency could be tuned across a wide spectrum, from 1.1 to 3.1 GHz, achieving a relative bandwidth of up to 95%. Herein, the relative bandwidth is derived from the calculation of 2(fhigh − flow)/(fhigh + flow). Remarkably, the filter consistently maintains a return loss exceeding 19 dB throughout its tuning range. Additionally, it sustains a 15 dB return loss bandwidth greater than 90 MHz, with the insertion loss varying between a minimum of 0.9 dB and a maximum of 2.1 dB. The compactness of the filter is one of its standout features, with circuit dimensions measuring a mere 0.06λg × 0.09λg (physical dimensions is 13.8 mm × 21.3 mm), where λg represents the wavelength at the filter's lowest center frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: IL‐38 is a recently discovered inflammatory factor that belongs to the IL‐1 family and has full‐length and truncated forms. Clinical findings demonstrated that serum IL‐38 levels in people with infectious and autoimmune diseases are significantly different from those in healthy people, but the form remains unclear. We are keenly interested in learning more about the regulatory role of full‐length IL‐38 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a classic autoimmune disease. Methods: RA‐fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS) were isolated from six RA patients and stimulated with full‐length IL‐38 to observe IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion. Then, the migration and invasion functions of FLS were assessed. Next, the protein expressions of the MAPK, NF‐κB, and JAK pathways were evaluated. In addition, we examined the effect of full‐length IL‐38 on FLS functions in the presence of IL‐1β. The function of FLS affected by full‐length IL‐38 was also examined after blocking IL‐1 and IL‐36 receptors. Results: The functions of FLS were activated after the cells were stimulated with full‐length IL‐38. IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels increased with an increase in the full‐length IL‐38 concentration, and full‐length IL‐38 induced the acceleration of FLS migration and invasion functions. In addition, the levels of proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway increased after stimulation with full‐length IL‐38 and depended on its concentration. However, when the FLS were stimulated by IL‐38 and IL‐1β simultaneously, all experiments generated opposite results. Full‐length IL‐38 inhibited FLS function in the presence of IL‐1β. IL‐1R and IL‐36R blockers terminated all effects of full‐length IL‐38 on RA‐FLS. Conclusion: Full‐length IL‐38 activates FLS functions and acts as a promoter in RA, whereas it inhibits FLS functions and acts as an inhibitor of RA in the presence of IL‐1β. The function of full‐length IL‐38 can be blocked by IL‐1Ra and IL‐36Ra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) and senescence molecules (SMs) contributes to T cell dysfunction, tumor escape, and progression, but systematic evaluation of them in co-expression patterns and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was lacking. Three publicly available datasets (TCGA, Beat-AML, and GSE71014) were first used to explore the effect of IC and SM combinations on prognosis and the immune microenvironment in AML, and bone marrow samples from 68 AML patients from our clinical center (GZFPH) was further used to validate the findings. High expression of CD276, Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), and SRC was associated with poor overall survival (OS) of AML patients. CD276/BAG3/SRC combination, standard European Leukemia Net (ELN) risk stratification, age, and French-American-British (FAB) subtype were used to construct a nomogram model. Interestingly, the new risk stratification derived from the nomogram was better than the standard ELN risk stratification in predicting the prognosis for AML. A weighted combination of CD276 and BAG3/SRC positively corrected with TP53 mutation, p53 pathway, CD8+ T cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, T-cell senescence score, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score estimated by T-cell dysfunction. High expression of ICs and SMs was associated with poor OS of AML patients. The co-expression patterns of CD276 and BAG3/SRC might be potential biomarkers for risk stratification and designing combinational immuno-targeted therapy in AML. High expression of CD276, BAG3, and SRC was associated with poor overall survival of AML patients. The co-expression patterns of CD276 and BAG3/SRC might be potential biomarkers for risk stratification and designing combinational immuno-targeted therapy in AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Markov random field is a common tool to characterize interactions among a fixed collection of variables. In recent biomedical research, there arise new concerns about the discovery of regulatory and co-expression relationships among different types of features across multiple biological classes. Consequently, we propose a data integration framework to jointly learn multiple mixed graphical models simultaneously. To address the common asymmetry problem in neighborhood selection, we construct a new estimator using regularized pseudo-likelihood, which produces symmetric and consistent estimates of network topologies. We demonstrate the practical merits of our method through learning synthetic networks as well as constructing gene regulatory networks from TCGA data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The critical conditions and life risk scenarios make intensive care nurses susceptible to ethical conflict. Negative consequences were recognized at both the individual level and the professional level which highly compromised the patient care and nurses' well-being. Therefore, ethical conflict has become a major concern in nursing practice. However, the experience of coping with ethical conflict among intensive care nurses remains unclear. Aims: This study aims to explore the experience of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict in China. Methods: From December 2021 to February 2022, in- depth interviews with 15 intensive care nurses from five intensive care units in a tertiary general hospital in China was performed using purposive sampling. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. We applied the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research for this study. Results: Two distinctive themes were found: detachment and engagement, which contained four subthemes: ignoring ethical problems in the workplace, seeking ways to express emotions, perspective-taking, and identifying positive assets. Theses coping strategies demonstrated an ongoing process with different essential features. Conclusion: This study provides a new insight into the experience of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict in clinical nursing. Intensive care nurses demonstrated differential experience of coping with ethical conflict including problem-focused, emotion-focused and meaning-making strategies. These findings have implications for policymakers and nursing administrators to develop ethical education and training and supportive environment for intensive care nurses to tackle this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early spring cold spells can lead to leaf chlorosis during the rice seedling greening process. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the rice greening process under low-temperature conditions remain unknown. In this study, comparative transcriptome and morphophysiological analyses were performed to investigate the mechanisms mediating the responses of the Koshihikari (Kos) and Kasalath (Kas) rice cultivars to chilling stress. According to their growth-related traits, electrolyte leakage, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Kos was more tolerant to low-temperature stress than Kas. Moreover, chloroplast morphology was more normal (e.g., oval) in Kos than in Kas at 17 °C. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 610 up-regulated differentially expressed genes that were common to all four comparisons. Furthermore, carotenoid biosynthesis was identified as a critical pathway for the Kos response to chilling stress. The genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were expressed at higher levels in Kos than in Kas at 17 °C, which was in accordance with the higher leaf carotenoid content in Kos than in Kas. The lycopene β-cyclase and lycopene ε-cyclase activities increased more in Kos than in Kas. Additionally, the increases in the violaxanthin de-epoxidase and carotenoid hydroxylase activities in Kos seedlings resulted in the accumulation of zeaxanthin and lutein and mitigated the effects of chilling stress on chloroplasts. These findings have clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying the chilling tolerance of rice seedlings during the greening process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The values and preferences of stakeholders are crucial in the development of guidelines. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate stakeholders' values and preferences regarding draft recommendations for adapted physical restraint guidelines in China. Study design: This survey research was carried out at four university‐affiliated comprehensive hospitals based in the eastern, central, western, and north eastern zones of China from January 5‐30, 2022. A 48‐item self‐report questionnaire was distributed, and values and preferences were assessed on a 10‐point Likert scale. One‐way ANOVA was used to compare values and preference scores among stakeholders. As effect‐size measures, partial η2 and Cohen's f values are reported for ANOVA results. Results: A total of 1155 stakeholders were enrolled in the study. The mean value and preference scores were higher than seven for 46 draft recommendations. There was either no significant difference in the values and preferences of the stakeholders for the draft recommendations or there was a significant difference (p values ranged from <0.001 ∼.048), but the effect size was small or very small (partial η2 value ranged from 0.011 ∼.044; Cohen's f value ranged from 0.101 ∼.214). The mean scores of patients for items related to cyber therapy and early tracheotomy were 6.84 and 6.60, respectively, which were lower than those of family members, policy‐makers, and health care professionals and were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The partial η2 and Cohen's f values of the effect size were 0.083/0.062 and 0.302/0.256, respectively, which indicated that the differences were moderate. Conclusion: These recommendations were in line with the values and preferences of stakeholders. Patients were more supportive of implementing cyber therapy or hypnosis for pain management but did not support early tracheotomy to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation. Guideline panels could use value and preference information to revise and endorse recommendations of adapted physical restraint guidelines in critical care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Practitioners should implement recommendations based on the values and preferences of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese jujube (also called Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an economically important tree in China and provides a rich source of sugars, vitamins, and bioactive components, all of which are indispensable and essential for the composition and participation in life processes of the human body. However, the location of these metabolites in jujube fruits has not been determined. This study applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to investigate the spatial distribution of sugars, organic acids, and other key components in jujube fruits at different developmental periods. Soluble sugars such as hexoses and sucrose/maltose significantly increase with fruit ripening, while organic acids show an overall trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. Procyanidins and rutin exhibit specific distributions in the fruit periphery and peel. These findings suggest that MALDI-MSI can be used to study the spatial distribution of nutritional components in jujube fruits, providing insights into the changes and spatial distribution of substances during jujube fruit development. This technique offers a scientific basis for jujube breeding, utilization, and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium-deep borehole heat exchangers (MBHEs) have received increasing attention with respect to building heating. To avoid the thermal interference of adjacent MBHEs, the temperature distribution characteristics of medium-deep rock soil were investigated in this work. The evolution of the maximum rock-soil thermal affected radius (MTAR) over a full lifecycle was analyzed. The results showed that the rock-soil thermal affected area (RTAA) continuously expanded in both the radial and vertical directions when the MBHE continuously extracted geothermal energy during a heating season. The factors of the thermal extraction load, fluid velocity, geothermal gradient, and pipe length, impacted the RTAA in the vertical direction, while rock-soil thermal conductivity affected the RTAA in both the radial and vertical directions. Furthermore, the thermal affected radius (TAR) in deeper formations was larger, reaching even 96 m, such that thermal interference between adjacent MBHEs was more likely to occur. The MTAR in shallow formations was limited to 20 m. Consequently, a new layout form, achieved by inclining the borehole, was proposed to increase the distance between adjacent MBHEs in deep formations. The recommended incline angle was equal to or larger than four times the TAR angle. This work provides a scientific reference for promoting the application of multiple MBHE arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ample evidence has shown facilitations of context-based prediction on language comprehension. However, the influential effect of working memory capacity on this predictive processing remains debated. To investigate this issue with the electroencephalograph technique, high and low working memory capacity participants read strong-, moderate- and weak-constraint sentences which resulted in high-, moderate- and low-predictability for the critical nouns. The strong-constraint (vs. weak-constraint) contexts preceding the nouns elicited a larger positive deflection, which was only observed for the high-span group. Along with the smaller N400s for strong- vs. weak-predictable nouns for both groups, the moderately predictable nouns elicited smaller N400 than the weakly predictable nouns for the high-span group. The ERP effects at both verbs and nouns correlated significantly with the noun's predictability. These findings suggest that predictive processing involves at least partially an effortful-meaning-computation mechanism, and high working memory capacity facilitates the activation and integration of predicted information during language comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe RCC) is the third major subcategory of renal tumors after clear cell RCC and papillary RCC, accounting for approximately 5% of all RCC subtypes. Other oncocytic neoplasms seen commonly in surgical pathology practice include the eosinophilic variant of chromophobe RCC, renal oncocytoma, and low-grade oncocytic unclassified RCC. Methods. In our recent next-generation sequencing based study, we nominated a lineage-specific novel biomarker LINC01187 (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1187) which was found to be enriched in chromophobe RCC. Like KIT (cluster of differentiation 117; CD117), a clinically utilized chromophobe RCC related biomarker, LINC01187 is expressed in intercalated cells of the nephron. In this follow-up study, we performed KIT immunohistochemistry and LINC01187 RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) on a cohort of chromophobe RCC and other renal neoplasms, characterized the expression patterns, and quantified the expression signals of the two biomarkers in both primary and metastatic settings. Results. LINC01187, in comparison to KIT, exhibits stronger and more uniform expression within tumors while maintaining temporal and spatial consistency. LINC01187 also is devoid of intra-tumoral heterogeneous expression pattern, a phenomenon commonly noted with KIT. Conclusions. LINC01187 expression can augment the currently utilized KIT assay and help facilitate easy microscopic analyses in routine surgical pathology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calculation of the dissipated thermal energy of mineral crushing is of great significance for the reduction of the heat loss in the crushing process. The traditional calculation method is relatively simple, which does not consider practical problems, such as cooling during the crushing process and uneven temperature distribution. This paper used infrared video to record the impact and crushing process of anthracite for more accurate calculation results. Considering the cooling of high-temperature particles and the temperature distribution of particles at different depths, a calculation model for heat dissipation energy was established. Based on this model, the average heat generation efficiency of impact crushing of cubic and disc anthracite specimens reached 9.70% and 4.55%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the relationship between body temperature and adverse outcomes in patients with heat stroke to identify the optimal target body temperature within the first 24 h. This retrospective, multicentre study enrolled 143 patients admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with heat stroke. The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate, while secondary outcomes included the presence and number of damaged organs and neurological sequelae at discharge. A body temperature curve was built using a generalized additive mixed model, and the association between body temperatures and outcomes was established by logistic regression. The threshold and saturation effects were used to explore the targeted body temperature management. Cases were divided into the surviving and non-surviving groups. The cooling rate within the first 2 h was significantly higher in the survival group than the non-survival group (β: 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.84; P = 0.014), while the non-survival group exhibited a lower body temperature within 24 h (β: − 0.06; 95% CI: − 0.08 to − 0.03; P ≤ 0.001). Body temperature after 2 h (odds ratio [OR]: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.14–4.50; P = 0.019) and lowest temperature within 24 h (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06–0.55; P = 0.003) were significantly related to in-hospital mortality rate. When the body temperature at 0.5 h was 38.5–40.0 °C, the number of damaged organs was at its lowest. In patients with heat stroke, both hyperthermia and hypothermia were associated with adverse outcomes. Hence, an accurate body temperature management is required during the early stages of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive biuret in fertilizer causes leaf albinism in direct-seeded rice fields. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying physiology and molecular mechanisms of leaf chlorosis via biuret using morphophysiological and transcriptome analyses. The induction of biuret in albino rice leaves was examined in a net-growing cultivation bed. Some key morphophysiological indices were measured including biuret content, blade ultrastructure, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Candidate genes in the chlorotic leaves under biuret stress were also excavated using transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, physiological and biochemical analyses of the changes in enzyme activities and intermediate metabolite contents in relation to the phenotypic changes in the leaves were carried out. The chlorotic leaves of rice seedlings showed higher biuret accumulation, and the leaves suffered severe damage with higher malondialdehyde contents and low chlorophyll contents. Abnormal chloroplast ultrastructures and thylakoid membrane structure loss were observed in chlorotic leaves under biuret exposure. The related genes involved in the chloroplast development, photosynthesis (including antenna proteins), and carbon fixation pathways were significantly downregulated, which suggests that photosynthesis was destroyed in the chlorotic leaves of rice seedlings. Biuret disturbed the photosynthetic system in chloroplast thylakoid membranes by inhibiting chloroplast development, thereby promoting the formation of the chlorotic leaf phenotype in rice seedlings. Our results promote the understanding of the molecular mechanism of rice in response to biuret toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]