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Introduction: A family operates as a dynamic system comprising various subsystems and is continually interacting with its environment. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the underlying principles of family functioning. One of the most commonly used models for describing family functioning is the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (Olson & Gorall, 2003). Aims: In this study, we aimed at examining the factor structure and internal consistency reliability in the Croatian version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV Package, which measures family functioning through family cohesion and flexibility at the balanced and unbalanced levels, as well as family communication and family satisfaction. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed using a convenient sample of 528 participants. Results: CFA revealed that the Croatian version of the FACES IV Package does not fit the theoretical model of the original factor structure in this preliminary study. The exceptions were the Family Communication Scale and Family Satisfaction Scale, which showed satisfactory parameters. The results of the EFA of FACES IV showed a 5-factor model solution. Conclusions: The Croatian version of the FACES IV Package is not completely suitable for use in the national context. Thus, given these preliminary findings, further testing on a more representative or clinical sample is recommended.

Abstract Background The family is one of the most important pillars of society. They provide strong feelings of security, emotional support, and belonging. Family health has a significant impact on the welfare of people and society as a whole. Objectives This study aimed to create the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS) for Türkiye by modifying the well-known Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) first developed by Diener et al. (1985) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Method The present study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, convergent validity, and internal consistency of the SWFLS. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed on data from a research group of 646 participants aged 18–71 years (M = 31.71, SD = 11.79) in Study 1. As part of the validity assessment, CFA confirmed the unidimensional structure of the SWFLS. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α), composite reliability, and the McDonald 0mega (ω). In Study 2, the scale was administered to a new group of 555 participants aged 18 to 67 years (M = 36.4, SD = 9.73) to assess its criterion validity. Test-retest reliability was assessed using a sample of 48 undergraduate students via the intraclass correlation coefficient model 2.1 (ICC2,1). Results The CFA’s results verified the SWFLS’s single-factor model. The internal consistency coefficients of Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω were both 0.93. The composite reliability value was 0.94. The result of test-retest reliability (ICC2,1) was 0.96 and ranged from the ICC2,1 value of 0.85 to 0.90 for items of the SWFLS. Multigroup analysis supported full measurement invariance across genders for the SWFLS. Corrected item correlations ranged from 0.75 0.85. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and SWFLS were shown to have a positive correlation (r = .483, p 0.001), which supports the idea that the two scales have similar convergent validity. Conclusions Based on these results, the Turkish SWFLS version can be utilized to measure family life satisfaction in the Turkish sample and has appropriate psychometric validity and reliability.

Temesgen Misganaw Liyew, Abraham Tarekegn Mersha, Belete Muluadam Admassie, Nurhusen Riskey Arefayne Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, North Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Belete Muluadam Admassie, Email uogbelete@gmail.comBackground: Healthcare provided in medical facilities should prioritize the needs of families, as it enhances the quality of care for the patients. Family satisfaction gauges how effectively healthcare professionals address the perceived needs and expectations of family members. Numerous factors, including information dissemination, communication, family dynamics, patient characteristics, hospital facilities, and the caregiving process, serve as predictors of family satisfaction. Thus, this study seeks to evaluate the satisfaction of families with the care received by patients admitted to the intensive care unit.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 400 participants was conducted across multiple centers from March to June 2023. Multicollinearity was assessed by examining variance inflation factors (VIF), while the goodness-of-fit was evaluated using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify factors correlated with family satisfaction. Variables with a p-value below 0.2 in the bivariable logistic regression were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals were computed to indicate the strength of association. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.Results: The overall family satisfaction with the care provided in the intensive care unit was 58.6%, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 55.882% to 61.241%. Families expressed higher satisfaction levels with patient care (64.8%) and professional care (67.4%). However, they reported lower satisfaction levels regarding care provided for families (52.2%), the ICU environment (56.8%), and involvement of families in decision-making (55.8%). Lack of formal education (AOR: 1.949, 95% CI: 1.005, 4.169), completion of primary education (AOR: 2.581, 95% CI: 1.327, 5.021), and completion of grades 9– 12 (AOR: 2.644, 95% CI: 1.411, 4.952) were found to be significantly associated with overall family satisfaction.Conclusion and recommendation: The overall level of satisfaction is satisfactory. To enhance service quality and family satisfaction, healthcare providers should prioritize effective and regular communication with family members. Keeping them well informed about the patient’s condition and treatment plan is essential.Keywords: critical care, family satisfaction, intensive care unit, quality care, satisfaction

The pandemic response allowed many parents in the United States and globally to work remotely for the first time ever which, for many, continued into the recovery. It is unclear whether, after a period when a large segment of the United States labor force worked remotely, remote work is viewed favorably or unfavorably among employed parents. We present results from a survey experiment assessing whether employed parents in the United States perceive that remote work will impact a hypothetical employed parents’ job and family satisfaction and, critically, whether perceptions of work–family conflict and anticipated job rewards mediate this relationship. We find that respondents who are also employed parents perceive that hypothetical employed parents who access remote work will report lower job satisfaction and higher family satisfaction. Perceptions of work–family conflict do not mediate this association. Rather, we find that job rewards (e.g., pay, promotion, etc.) fully mediate the relationship between remote work and perceived job satisfaction. Ultimately, this indicates that employed parents perceive that remote work will bring workers like them less pay and thus lower job satisfaction but greater family satisfaction. This extends arguments about remote work in the light of the conceptualization of a flexibility stigma and a flexibility paradox. Implications for practice and theory are discussed.

Obtaining feedback from the patient and their family members regarding their experience of the care they received in the emergency department is important. This provides an extremely valuable opportunity for healthcare professionals to assess the quality of care and serves to highlight any areas of weakness or strength in the care experience. Through a synthesis of available literature, this article describes the challenges in measuring such an experience especially in emergency departments in Africa, and outlines tools that are currently available in literature to measure the patient and family experience and or satisfaction. Implementation considerations are outlined in order to provide recommendations for emergency department healthcare professionals wanting to undertake such assessments.

ObjectiveTo determine whether self-esteem and family satisfaction predict life satisfaction in university students from the Peruvian highlands.MethodsA cross-sectional, predictive design study with the participation of 848 Peruvian university students of both sexes (31.7% male and 68.3% female) whose ages ranged from 17 to 41 years old (M = 20.31 and SD = 3.66). The instruments used were Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSE; 2000), Olson’s family satisfaction scale (FSS; 2006) and Diener’s life satisfaction scale (SWLS; 1985).ResultsShow that the proposed model had a fit of χ2 (269) = 1709.6, p

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables and their contribution towards family functioning during the first wave of COVID-19 in Portugal. The COVID-19 pandemic was an overwhelming and stressful life event with social consequences that impacted family functioning and contributed to multilevel disruptions. The study used a cross-sectional design and included 110 participants (94 women), with a mean age of 35.71 (SD = 13.53). Participants answered self-report measures assessing family satisfaction, hope, psychological well-being, risk perception, and family functioning. Hope (pathways subscale) played a moderating role in the relationship between family satisfaction and family functioning. Family satisfaction and psychological well-being partially mediated the relationship between hope and family functioning. Clinical relevance and implications for further research are addressed. Intervention should focus on increasing psychological well-being and hope together with family satisfaction in order to promote family functioning. For those individuals struggling with COVID-19 issues, mental health interventions are paramount.

Malaysia requires a large group of skilled workers to build, expand and eventually sustain its economic growth to become a high-income country. However, current TVET institutions in Malaysia are far from being able to supply Malaysia with sufficient skilled workers in the future. This may be due to negative perceptions of the public regarding work-life balance and well-being when choosing TVET as a career pathway. Therefore, it is important to determine if TVET jobs are inferior to conventionally educated jobs in terms of family satisfaction, which refers to perceptions of family quality such as solidarity, happiness, and overall relational well-being. In this study, surveys distributed to 160 TVET graduates and 160 conventionally educated graduates are analysed using PLS-SEM analysis and PLS-SEM multigroup analysis. SmartPLS software version 3.2.7 was used for this research. The findings show that TVET jobs are no worse than conventionally educated graduates jobs in terms of family satisfaction.

Malaysia requires a large group of skilled workers to build, expand and eventually sustain its economic growth to become a high-income country. However, current TVET institutions in Malaysia are far from being able to supply Malaysia with sufficient skilled workers in the future. This may be due to negative perceptions of the public regarding work-life balance and well-being when choosing TVET as a career pathway. Therefore, it is important to determine if TVET jobs are inferior to conventionally educated jobs in terms of family satisfaction, which refers to perceptions of family quality such as solidarity, happiness, and overall relational well-being. In this study, surveys distributed to 160 TVET graduates and 160 conventionally educated graduates are analysed using PLS-SEM analysis and PLS-SEM multigroup analysis. SmartPLS software version 3.2.7 was used for this research. The findings show that TVET jobs are no worse than conventionally educated graduates jobs in terms of family satisfaction.

Abstract The family plays an essential role in the life of an adolescent. Hence, an acceptable understanding and an evaluation of family functioning is fundamental for effective interventions with adolescents in the psychological, social, and educational fields. The main purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV), the Family Communication Scale (FCS), and the Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), for assessing the family functioning of Spanish adolescents. The sample was comprised of 1187 adolescents between 14 -18 years old (49.96% boys and 50.04% girls; M = 16.17; SD = 1.31) from Castile and Leon (Spain), selected from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers for adolescents with either family or behavioral problems. The scales of Balanced Cohesion, Balanced Flexibility and Disengaged showed good convergent validity, while Enmeshed, Rigid, and Chaotic did not. For this reason some items were removed, obtaining a shortened version of FACES IV, that demonstrated acceptable reliability, and good convergent and predictive validity. The FCS and FSS scales yielded excellent psychometric properties. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the FACES IV, its transcultural applicability, and its validity for different ages. The hypotheses of the circumplex model were confirmed, except for the dysfunctionality of two scales, Enmeshed and Rigid, that contrary to what was expected, showed positive correlations with Family Communication, Family Satisfaction, Balanced Cohesion, and Balanced Flexibility. In brief, our results present the FACES IV package as a useful instrument for the assessment of family functioning of Spanish adolescents. Future studies will be necessary to confirm the trend observed for the two aforementioned scales among adolescents.

Purpose- This research aimed to examine the nature of the relationship between work and life among married nurses in Jammu and Kashmir, India Design/Methodology- A questionnaire with measures for work-family conflict, life satisfaction, and family satisfaction was administered. The nodal agency, Government Medical College (GMC), provided the researcher with a list of nurses and their marital statuses. A sample of 253 nurses was analyzed using simple random sampling from a list of potential 527 nurses. These 253 respondents worked at five major government hospitals. In addition to the work-family measures, questions on age, work experience, job grade, and family type were asked Findings- The results revealed a significant relationship between work and family conflict with both life satisfaction as well as family satisfaction. In both cases, the time-based, and strain-based conflict scored higher than the behavior-based conflict in influencing family and life satisfaction negatively Practical Implications- The results highlight the need for organizational support for nurses, which can be in the form of flexible work schedules, and other time-saving techniques. Given that nurturing responsibilities are shouldered by women in India not only monetary but non-monetary benefits should be availed to the nurses to alleviate their work-family conflict.

The family environment is considered to be a micro-ecological system with numerous risk and protective factors for mental health. The goal of this research was to determine how different functional and/or structural family characteristics affect some indicators of mental health in adolescents. A number of 1,239 adolescents (ages 15–19) participated in the research. General Data Questionnaire, Family Life Satisfaction Scale, Family Communication Scale, Positive Mental Health Scale, Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale, and Stressful Events in the Family Checklist, were applied. The results indicated no connection between sociodemographic characteristics and self-assessed satisfaction. Adolescents with older parents were less satisfied with their family and familial communication. Gender differences in mental health were confirmed, mostly to the detriment of girls. The mother’s age and the father’s level of education significantly correlate with individual mental health. Adolescents with older mothers reported lower mental health. Adolescents with fathers of lower educational status reported higher stress and depression level. Stress within the family proved to be significant in explaining adolescents’ mental health, especially due to financial issues, and conflicts among family members. Finally, the results indicated that family communication and satisfaction, with the control of sociodemographic characteristics and stress in a family, additionally explain the significant part of the variance in adolescents’ mental health.

This study is grounded on Systems Theory and Emotional Security Theory, and aims at extending past work by examining relations among children’s emotional security in the family system and the quality of family relationships among college students, a population scarcely addressed by the Emotional Security Theory. Participants were 236 female and male students attending a public Spanish University (meanage = 20.13 years old). We used the Security in the Family System Scale (SIFS), the Family Stress Scale, the Family Satisfaction Scale, the Bidirectional Parent-Adolescent Relationships Scale (BiPAR), and measures of destructive and constructive interparental conflict. The variables “living with family” and “parental divorce” were also studied. Results showed that parental divorce related to higher family stress, less interparental conflict resolution and worse bidirectional relationships with fathers. There were not significant differences in any of the variables under analyses between students who lived with their families while at college compared to those who did not live with their families. Emotional security in the family explained 52% of the variance of family satisfaction. This study has theoretical implications as it applies Emotional Security Theory to study young adults from divorced and intact families and who either live or not with their families while attending college. Our results agree and support this Theory. It also has practical implications for mental health and counselling services pointing to potential risk and protective family variables in college students.

Study purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the correlation between the level of health-improving and recreational physical activity and family well-being. Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis of data from special scientific and methodological literature, generalization, systematization, sociological methods, and mathematical statistics. A research among parents was conducted using online surveying through completing an online questionnaire created with Google Forms. The study involved 106 married couples. The average age of the respondents was 35.1±4.2 years. The vast majority of the studied families (95.1%) had up to two children (preschool and school age). Results. The respondents were divided into two clusters according to their level of motor activity. Cluster 1 included families with a low level of physical activity, and cluster 2 included those with an average level of physical activity.Depending on the level of physical activity, statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were found between the families in terms of the following parameters: motivations for engaging in active leisure, amount of leisure time, level of knowledge and skills in organizing active leisure, reasons preventing participation in active leisure, etc. The families differed significantly (p < 0.05) in 23 categorical parameters. It was found that the families with different levels of physical activity did not differ in their desire to engage in winter recreational activities. Reasons preventing participation in health-enhancing and recreational physical activity programs were identified. A comparative analysis of the current state of family well-being revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in all studied parameters between the families with different levels of physical activity, i.e. the families with a proper level of physical activity had higher scores of satisfaction, well-being, and quality of life. Low indicators of family well-being indicated the rationale for such families to engage in active recreation and increase their level of health-enhancing and recreational physical activity. Conclusions. A relationship was identified between the level of health-enhancing and recreational physical activity and indicators of satisfaction, family well-being, and quality of life.

BackgroundAs an approach to the psychosocial health of people in later adulthood, information and communication technology (ICT) is attracting attention. However, because there is still a disparity issue in ICT use, particularly for older people, considering age-friendly digital interventions is important. We examined the feasibility of an intervention by an age-friendly digital service, remote sharing of photos/videos from families not living together, for psychosocial health in middle-aged and older people.MethodsThis single-arm study recruited Japanese adults aged ≥ 50 years from web-pages of the social service, Mago-Channel (Chikaku Inc., Japan). Participants used this service for 3 months to receive photos/videos from the smartphones of their families not living together on a device set up on their home TVs and watched them there. Families not living together were encouraged to send photos/videos at least once a week, but no other restrictions on their lives, including their interactions, were imposed. After 3 months, the level of user satisfaction and changes in psychosocial health were assessed.ResultsFinally, 115 participants were included, and 106 completed the intervention; the dropout rate from the intervention was low (7.8%), and satisfaction with the program was high, indicating high feasibility. While depressive symptoms and loneliness did not change markedly, satisfaction with the relationship of families living together increased significantly, and social interactions improved, including those with families not living together.ConclusionsHigh feasibility of this age-friendly digital intervention and its potential benefits on social relationships were shown, encouraging further trials with a confirmatory study design.

Abstract Background/Objective Death in intensive care units (ICUs) may increase bereaved family members’ risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, posttraumatic stress-related symptoms (hereafter as PTSD symptoms) and their precipitating factors were seldom examined among bereaved family members and primarily focused on associations between PTSD symptoms and patient/family characteristics. We aimed to investigate the course and predictors of clinically significant PTSD symptoms among family members of deceased ICU patients by focusing on modifiable quality indicators for end-of-life ICU care. Method In this longitudinal observational study, 319 family members of deceased ICU patients were consecutively recruited from medical ICUs from two Taiwanese medical centers. PTSD symptoms were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 13 months post-loss using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Family satisfaction with end-of-life care in ICUs was assessed at 1 month post-loss. End-of-life care received in ICUs was documented over the patient’s ICU stay. Predictors for developing clinically significant PTSD symptoms (IES-R score ≥ 33) were identified by multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equation modeling. Results The prevalence of clinically significant PTSD symptoms decreased significantly over time (from 11.0% at 1 month to 1.6% at 13 months post-loss). Longer ICU stays (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.036 [1.006, 1.066]), financial insufficiency (3.166 [1.159, 8.647]), and reported use of pain medications (3.408 [1.230, 9.441]) by family members were associated with a higher likelihood of clinically significant PTSD symptoms among family members during bereavement. Stronger perceived social support (0.937 [0.911, 0.965]) and having a Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) order issued before the patient’s death (0.073 [0.011, 0.490]) were associated with a lower likelihood of clinically significant PTSD symptoms. No significant association was observed for family members’ satisfaction with end-of-life care (0.988 [0.944, 1.034]) or decision-making in ICUs (0.980 [0.944, 1.018]). Conclusions The likelihood of clinically significant PTSD symptoms among family members decreased significantly over the first bereavement year and was lower when a DNR order was issued before death. Enhancing social support and facilitating a DNR order may reduce the trauma of ICU death of a beloved for family members at risk for developing clinically significant PTSD symptoms.

Patients /Family patients satisfaction is an indicator to assess the quality of a hospital. During the Covid-19 pandemic, several problems emerged related to the quality of information provision and services provided. The purpose of this study was to describe the family satisfaction of Covid-19 patients with the provision of information and services provided. This research is a quantitative observational descriptive study with a variable of family satisfaction of covid-19 patients with the information and services provided. The population in this study is the families (husband / wife) of patients who recovered and were treated in the Covid-19 Isolation Ward RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang with totaling 40 people. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling technique and the resulting sample was 30 respondents. Measurement of variables using a questionnaire providing information and service delivery. The results showed that the average patient's family expressed satisfaction with the provision of information (> 30) and services provided (>42). Innovation is needed to further improve service quality so that service quality will be even better.

This study aims to explore the relationship between work-family conflict and its consequences on job, family, and marital satisfaction among stay-at-home wives of commuter couples by testing the moderating effect of commuters’ family (parental, marital, and household) commitment. The phenomenon of commuter marriages is detectable among well-educated and employed couples in modern society. The study collected dyadic data from 120 dual-earner and noncohabitating couples by using convenience sampling. The analytical approach of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was adopted. The results revealed that stay-at-home wives perceived more job dissatisfaction due to work-to-family conflicts and perceived more job, family, and marital dissatisfaction caused by family-to-work conflicts. Moreover, the partner moderating effect of the commuters’ family commitment as spouse support reversed the negative relationship between stay-at-home wives’ family-to-work conflicts and family satisfaction.

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of family and academic satisfaction on the self-esteem and life satisfaction among Peruvian university students.MethodOf the 1,182 Peruvian university students who participated, 364 were male; and 818 were female; and ranged from 17 to 39 years of age (mean = 20.67, SD = 4.4). The family satisfaction scale (FSS), the Escala breve de satisfacción con los estudios (EBSE; Brief Academic Satisfaction Scale in Spanish), Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES), and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to perform the assessments.ResultsThe study model showed an adequate fit (χ2 19.5, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.057), confirming the association between family satisfaction and life satisfaction (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), and the correlation between academic satisfaction and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (β = 0.23, p < 0.001). The model accounted for 42% of life satisfaction.ConclusionFamily satisfaction and academic satisfaction affect self-esteem and life satisfaction.

PurposesGiven that the period from middle to high school is important to develop and cultivate self-efficacy, reduced support in low-income families might negatively influence the development of self-efficacy among low-income students since COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the association between family satisfaction and self-efficacy among low-income students since COVID-19 and the moderating effect of parents' educational attainment on the relationship.Methods255 low-income students in South-Korea were selected for the final sample. The PROCESS macro 3.4 for Statistical Product and Service Solutions was used to analyze the data.ResultsFamily satisfaction was positively related to self-efficacy among low-income students. There was a significant moderating effect of parents' educational attainment on the relationship between family satisfaction and self-efficacy among low-income students during the COVID-19 pandemic.DiscussionFinancial support and COVID-19 benefits should be prioritized to low-income families with adolescents to improve family relationships, leading to increase self-efficacy among low-income students. Social welfare programs targeting family relationships in low-income households should be especially targeted toward low-income households without a parent who received higher education. Life-long education should be provided to parents in low-income families who did not gain higher education as their educational attainment influences the self-efficacy of their adolescent children.

Abstract Background Becoming critically ill represents not just a great upheaval for the patient in question, but also for the patient’s closest family. In recent years, there has been a change in how the quality of the public health service is measured. There is currently a focus on how patients and their families perceive the quality of treatment and care. It can be challenging for patients to evaluate their stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) due to illness and treatment. Earlier studies show that the perceptions of the family and the patient may concur. It is important, therefore, to ascertain the family’s level of satisfaction with the ICU stay. The aim of the study was to describe how the family evaluate their satisfaction with the ICU stay. A further aim was to identify which demographic variables were associated with differences in family satisfaction. Method The study had a cross-sectional design. A sample of 57 family members in two ICUs in Norway completed the questionnaire: Family satisfaction in the intensive care unit 24 (FS-ICU 24). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test (U), Kruskal Wallis, Spearman rho and a performance-importance plot. Results The results showed that families were very satisfied with a considerable portion of the ICU stay. Families were less satisfied with the information they received and the decision-making processes than with the nursing and care performed during the ICU stay. The results revealed that two demographic variables – relation to the patient and patient survival – significantly affected family satisfaction. Conclusion Although families were very satisfied with the ICU stay, several areas were identified as having potential for improvement. The results showed that some of the family demographic variables were significant for family satisfaction. The findings are clinically relevant since the results can strengthen intensive care nurses’ knowledge when meeting the family of the intensive care patient.

Background: In recent years, Facebook has increasingly become an essential part of the lives of people, particularly youths, thus many research efforts have been focused on investigating the potential connection between social networking and mental health issues. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Facebook use, emotional state of depression, and family satisfaction. Methods: This study used the online survey created in Google Docs on the Facebook ‘wall’, as research method. The survey was available during Jun-Jul 2015 in Romania. In our cross-sectional study on a sample of 708 young Facebook users (aged 13-35), we divided the sample into 3 groups: ordinary, middle, and intense Facebook users. Materials and instruments: the survey comprised a series of basic demographic as well as some measures of Facebook addiction, depression, and family satisfaction. We used two methods connected with extensive Facebook usage, the first one measuring only the intensity of use, and the second one measuring not only the intensity but also the consequences of this use. Results: Facebook engagement is negatively related to family satisfaction. Moreover, Facebook engagement is positively related to depression symptoms. The Pearson correlations showed that higher Facebook intensity is positively associated with Facebook addiction. Conclusion: The study confirm previously published findings of other authors in the fields of social networking psychology. The study examined the relationship between Facebook use, depression, and life satisfaction and the hypotheses were supported.

Background & Aims: Today, work-family conflict is considered as one of the most important issues in the world of work, which is increasing rapidly and is not limited to one organization, and all organizations must pay special attention to this phenomenon in order to maintain their human resources as the most important competitive advantage. Nurses are no exception due to the high work requirements on the one hand and family issues on the other hand. People in the nursing profession usually work in different and sometimes irregular work shifts, and their work may be associated with stress and difficulties and affect nurses psychologically. In the meantime, the situation can be more difficult for married nurses, as they may become involved in work-family conflicts. The conflict between work and family as a major issue affecting both employees and employers and their families is accompanied by prominent family problems such as family satisfaction, couple relationship quality, and parenting quality. Therefore, industrial and organizational psychologists have focused their research on finding moderating variables to reduce such adverse effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of Wellbeing at Work in reducing the effect of work-family conflict on family satisfaction, couple relationship quality and parenting quality of nurses. Materia & Methods: The present study was a correlational survey. The research community consisted of married nurses with children of govermental Ahvaz city hospitals, among which 240 were selected as sample members in a multi - step sampling method. Thus, among the Governmental hospitals in Ahvaz, four hospitals were randomly selected and 5 wards were randomly selected from each hospital and 12 people from each ward were selected by simple random method as constituent members in The present study was considered. The data collection period was three months (from September to November 2019). Among the distributed questionnaires, 231 questionnaires were returned, of which 223 were fully completed and usable, and 8 questionnaires were incompletely completed and excluded from the analysis process. Criteria for inclusion in the study included marriage, having children, willingness and informed consent to participate in the research and complete answers to all questions of self-report questionnaires. Incomplete completion of the questionnaires was the exit criterion. Carlson et al. (2000) Work-Family Conflict, Aryee et al. (1999) Family Satisfaction, Chonody et al. (2016) Couple Relationship Quality, Arnol et al. (1993) Parenting scale, Zheng et al. (2015) Employee well‐being Scale were used for data collecting. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16 software through descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression). Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that between work-family conflict and family satisfaction (r = -0/256, P

IntroductionThe present study aims at analysing how social support received and provided by parents of children, adolescents and young adults (AYA) diagnosed with cancer, as well as their sociodemographic and clinical variables, affect those parents’ stress levels and life and family satisfaction.Materials and MethodsA total of 112 parents of children and AYAs who had been diagnosed with cancer and who received treatment in Malaga participated in the study. In the study, participated all parents who voluntarily agreed to fulfil the questionnaire. The main inclusion criterion was that their child had cancer. Instruments used were Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS), Paediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP), Life Satisfaction Scale and Family Satisfaction Scale.ResultsIn the mean difference analyses, male parents showed 3.38 (SD = 0.56) in social support received and female parents showed M = 3.08 (SD = 0.72). Conversely, in social support provided, female parents showed 3.22 and male parents showed M = 3.55 (p = 0.020). Significant differences were also found in family satisfaction, where female parents (M = 3.64) feel more satisfied than male parents (M = 3.06; p = 0.027). Parents of children aged between 0 and 14 years (M = 3.06) feel more stress than those parents of children aged 15–21 (M = 2.61; p = 0.021). The correlation analysis shows that there is a negative and significant relation between stress levels experienced by parents when facing different situations related to the child’s disease and both types of support, received r = −0.411, p

Abstract Background Measuring family members’ satisfaction with inpatient psychiatric care may help improve the quality of healthcare in psychiatric hospitals. This survey aimed to investigate the satisfaction of family members with inpatient psychiatric care and to explore its associated factors, using a newly-developed 5-item questionnaire. Methods This study included 1598 family members of psychiatric inpatients in 32 tertiary public psychiatric hospitals in 29 provinces of China. Satisfaction and demographic data were collected by research staff while patient and hospital data were retrieved separately. Results We found that the overall satisfaction level was 93.84% (23.46/25). The total satisfaction score in Northeast China was the highest, followed by the East, Middle and West regions (p

This study examines the nature of work centrality by targeting married office workers. The results show that separated influences depend on which sphere (work/family) is perceived as more important. More specifically, work–family conflict, which is experienced through multitasking, influences work satisfaction and family satisfaction, and work centrality has different functions in each domain. Through hierarchical regression, we found that, in the work domain, work centrality has a buffering effect on the relationship between WIF and work satisfaction, although it does not enhance the relationship between social support and work satisfaction. In contrast, in the family domain, the mediation effect of WIF between work centrality, which is the preceding variable, and family satisfaction is significant. Spousal support also has a mediating effect on the relationship between work centrality and family satisfaction. The implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.

This study examines the nature of work centrality by targeting married office workers. The results show that separated influences depend on which sphere (work/family) is perceived as more important. More specifically, work–family conflict, which is experienced through multitasking, influences work satisfaction and family satisfaction, and work centrality has different functions in each domain. Through hierarchical regression, we found that, in the work domain, work centrality has a buffering effect on the relationship between WIF and work satisfaction, although it does not enhance the relationship between social support and work satisfaction. In contrast, in the family domain, the mediation effect of WIF between work centrality, which is the preceding variable, and family satisfaction is significant. Spousal support also has a mediating effect on the relationship between work centrality and family satisfaction. The implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.

Purpose: Severe stroke poses vast challenges. Appropriate goals of care according to individual preferences and values have to be developed under time restrictions—often impeded by limited ability to communicate and the need for decisions by surrogates. The aim of our study was to explore the decision-making process and the involvement of specialist palliative care in the acute phase of severe stroke.Methods: Twenty patients suffering from severe ischemic stroke treated in an Austrian acute inpatient stroke unit were included in a prospective study. Their families were interviewed with a questionnaire (FS-ICU 24), which covered satisfaction with care and decision-making. With a second questionnaire, decision-making processes within the stroke team were investigated.Results: A palliative approach and early integration of specialist palliative care in severe ischemic stroke results in individualized therapeutic goals, including withholding therapeutic or life-sustaining measures, especially in patients with pre-existing illness.Conclusions: Family members benefit from understandable and consistent information, emotional support, and a professional team identifying their needs. Stroke unit professionals need skills as well as knowledge and strategies in order to make decisions and provide treatment at the end-of-life, when there may be ethical or legal issues. Close cooperation with specialist palliative care services supports both treatment teams and families with communication and decision-making for patients with severe ischemic stroke.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS) among Portuguese adolescents. This scale assesses a person’s global evaluation of family satisfaction. The participants were 252 high school students from public schools in Lisbon, aged 15–19 years (M = 16.87; SD = 1.21). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a one-factor model of the SWFLS among Portuguese adolescents. The SWFLS showed adequate psychometric properties, with good internal consistency. Subsequent analyses indicated that the SWFLS scores were related to a measure of family satisfaction, as well as wellbeing (life satisfaction, self-esteem) and current interpersonal functioning (social support and loneliness). These findings are interpreted as supporting the validity of the SWFLS. The findings of this research indicate that the Portuguese version of the SWFLS is a brief, psychometrically sound instrument to assess family life satisfaction.

Purpose - This paper aims to identify if entrepreneurship as a career option is related to job satisfaction and family satisfaction by comparing entrepreneurs with non-entrepreneurs. To do so, a tool was used to measure job satisfaction, family satisfaction and the existence of interrole conflicts. Design/methodology/approach - Cluster analysis and linear regression models were used to test the hypotheses. Findings - Results indicate that there is a positive relationship and that entrepreneurs have higher rates of job satisfaction than non-entrepreneurs. Contrary to what the literature suggests, this study found that entrepreneurs have a higher rate of family satisfaction than non-entrepreneurs, and that there is no difference between men’s and women’s levels of satisfaction. Research limitations/implications - Among the limitations of the research, the authors cite the fact that there was no randomness in the designation of the respondents and the fact that the answers were obtained by self-report. Also, the research was cross-sectional, making it impossible to compare answers between the same individuals at different points of time. Practical implications - Results can help individuals decide whether to start a business and to assist development agencies in the creation of incentive policies. Originality/value - As an academic implication, results contribute to the literature on this topic by relating entrepreneurship with the quality of life and not only with financial variables. Yet, it is one of the first studies on this topic in Brazil.

In previous decades, numerous involvements of adolescents in deviant behavior have been increasing, and previous researchers examined different variables that may influence these phenomena. This study was designed to look for the possible predictors of deviant behavior, as well as its association with family satisfaction and personality traits. The study was conducted on 1500 participants ages 12–19 years old from selected schools in Nueva Ecija. The researchers used the Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) by Sanches et al. (2016). It consists of 19 items (minor and severe) of a variety of deviant action such as thefts, drug and alcohol consumption, verbal and physical aggression, possession of weapons, vandalism, truancy, lies and defiance of authority, and selling drugs among adolescents (Sanches et al., 2016). Out of 1500 samples, 1227 met the criteria for the deviant behavior scale. Descriptive and Inferential statistics such as Mean, sd, frequency, percentage, Regression analysis, Pearson-correlation, and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze this study. The research found that there are differences in levels of deviant behavior (Minor and Severe infractions) among sexes. Results showed that female participants have higher tendency to engage in minor infractions of deviant acts, while males had a higher rate of participation in severe infractions of deviant acts. Moreover, there is a negative/inverse association between family satisfaction and deviant behavior. This implies that respondents who participate more in deviant behaviors are found to be less satisfied with their family life, while respondents who participate less in deviant behavior are more satisfied in their family life. Lastly, the current study found that personality trait-agreeableness is found to be the best predictor of deviant behavior among adolescents.

The ravages of COVID -19 and the no visitor policies that accompany it have forged a tectonic shift in the patient and family experience. This hit home for me with a recent family member health event and hospitalization, leading me to think “we HAVE to do better!” Why should hospitals and health systems care about family involvement during COVID-19? Experience Framework This article is associated with the Patient, Family & Community Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens.

Bjørg Dale,1 Gro Frivold2 1Centre for Caring Research, Southern Norway, University of Agder, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Grimstad, Norway; 2University of Agder, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Grimstad, Norway Introduction: The questionnaire, Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU-24), was developed to assess relatives’ satisfaction with care and involvement in decision-making processes when a close family member stays in the ICU Aim: This study was aimed at describing the translation and exploring the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the questionnaire. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional survey. After translating the questionnaire according to recommended procedures, 123 close relatives of patients, recently treated in ICU, responded to a mailed questionnaire including the FS-ICU-24-No. Item-to-total correlations and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were assessed for estimating reliability and construct validity was assessed by the “known groups” technique and explorative factor analysis. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.96 and significant item-to-total correlations supported the homogeneity of the instrument. The construct validity was reflected in significant differences in median scores on the total scale and subscales between the group reporting lower degrees of satisfaction and the group reporting higher degrees of satisfaction. Two fixed factors with an eigenvalue >1, and an explained variance of 62.5%, emerged from the factor analysis. Conclusion: The FS-ICU-24-No showed promising psychometric properties regarding reliability in this study group, which may indicate that the instrument is suitable for assessing family members’ satisfaction with care and decision making in Norwegian ICU. Keywords: decision making, family satisfaction, intensive care, reliability, validity

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective:Spirituality and family are two important components in determining the psychological and social damages. The purpose of this study was to compare addicts and non-addicts in terms of spiritual health, family hardiness, and family satisfaction. Method: The present study is a causal-comparative one whose statistical population consisted of all male addicts in Dehdasht city in 2015. In the present study, 70 addicts were selected through cluster random sampling method and also 70 non-addicts who were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics with addicts were selected through convenience sampling. Both groups completed the spiritual health questionnaire, family hardiness index, and family satisfaction questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between addicts and non-addicts. The scores of addicts on all three variables of spiritual health (religious health and existential health), family hardiness, and family satisfaction were lower than non-addicts (P

This study examines the role of social support in the relationship between work family conflict (work to family; WFC & family to work; FWC) and family satisfaction for private sector employees. Using simple random sampling, data were collected from 260 employees from eight private companies in Terengganu, who responded to the Job Content Questionnaire, Work Family Conflict Scale and Family Satisfaction Scale. Results indicate that both WFC and FWC had significant relationships with family satisfaction. The results of the regression analysis confirmed that FWC was a significant predictor of employees’ family satisfaction. However, social support did not buffer the relationship between work family conflict and family satisfaction. Implication of this study indicates that the organizations need to emphasize the effective strategies of development and implementation for work family balance in improving family satisfaction among employees. The suggestions for future research are also addressed, especially in the Malaysian context.

Resumen: Introducción: Existen pocas encuestas validadas para medir la satisfacción de los padres en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) y ninguna de ellas en idioma español. El objetivo de este estudio es traducir el cuestionario EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care (EMPATHIC), que mide la satisfacción y experiencias de los padres, a la lengua española y validarlo. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, realizado en la UCIP de un hospital terciario mediante encuestas a los familiares de pacientes ingresados (de entre 0 y 17 años). Los criterios de inclusión fueron una estancia mayor de 24 h y una buena comprensión del idioma de los padres/tutores. Los criterios de exclusión fueron los reingresos y los pacientes fallecidos. Se realizó la traducción del cuestionario mediante un procedimiento estandarizado. Tras la traducción, se hizo un estudio observacional transversal para confirmar su validez y consistencia. La fiabilidad se estimó mediante el α de Cronbach y la validez de contenido mediante el análisis de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Se reunieron 150 encuestas. El α de Cronbach por dominios se situó por encima de 0,7, lo que indica una alta consistencia interna del cuestionario. La validez fue medida correlacionando los 5 dominios con los 4 ítems de satisfacción general, lo que demostró una correlación adecuada (rs: 0,41-0,66; p

Hospital is an advanced healthcare provider for the patent of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) / National Health Insurance members. Providing qualified and satisfied services for all JKN members are very important to answer the negative image that lays within the community about the poor quality of services towards JKN member patent. Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo (RSMC) or Cicendo Eyes Hospital-Bandung is a national health referral hospital in Indonesia. JKN members put a very high expectation regarding RSMC service quality level. Therefore, studying the JKN member patents’ family satisfaction which leads to health care service repurchasing intention is very important to be conducted. The current study is aimed to picture and analyze the correlation between JKN member patents’ family satisfaction level, and repurchasing intention towards RSMC service. This quantitative study is conducted at RSMC Bandung in December 2016. Based on Slovin formula, the study samples generated are 91 respondents. The research finds that both satisfaction and service repurchasing intention are high. In addition, path analysis with SPSS v23 shows that health care service satisfaction level positively influence repurchasing intention at about 75,3%.

This research was administered with the aim of investigating the mediating effect of family satisfaction on the relationship between work-family enrichment with life satisfactionamong males. Research method was correlation and research statistical population was the 1000 men of a private sector bank in Isfahan city, among them 385 persons were selected using convenience sampling. Research instruments were included work-family enrichment scale (Rashid et al, 2011), family satisfaction (Rashid et al, 2011) and life satisfaction (Wood et al, 1969). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that, work-family enrichment has direct and significant relationship with family satisfaction (β=0.27) and family satisfaction has direct and significant relationship (β=0.37) with life satisfaction (p=0.005). The results of this study showed that, the first work-family enrichment increases family satisfaction, and then family satisfaction enhance life satisfaction among males. In other words, the results of this study showed that family satisfaction is a mediator variable between work-family enrichment and life satisfaction.

Background: Relatives often lack important information about intensive care unit patients. Research on ways to improve family satisfaction in the ICU has become a crucial point in ICU quality improvement research. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and analyze a list of commonly asked questions from relatives of patients in the intensive care unit in Arabic countries. This list might help families to determine which questions they want to ask and help them in decision-making process in emergency situations of their critically ill relatives. Methods: This study was a prospective double center study. It took place in the ICUs of two hospitals in Arabic countries: Egypt and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Alexandria University Main Hospital in Egypt and the ICU of King Fahad specialist Hospital in Dammam in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done by reporting of Questions asked by the relatives of ICU patients during daily interview. The list of questions generated was checked to identify questions that could be eliminated. The remaining questions were categorized into 9 different groups: diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, comfort, patient interaction, family, mortality, post-ICU management and other questions. WE ranked the questions in the preliminary list through ICU staff, patients families and the patient themselves. Results: 115 Health care professional (34 physicians and 81 nurses) participated in the data collection, the questions recorded were 2240 questions. It was found that about 1750 questions (78.12%) were duplicated or not clear. The remaining 490 questions were classified into different categories. The same 115 Health care professional (34 physicians and 81 nurses) who shared in the collection of data also shared in the ranking of the questions. 128 first degree relatives shared in the evaluation of the relevance of questions as well as 62 patients after they have been cured and before their discharge from ICU.A list was created including the most important 12 questions which got a score of 3 or more from all the 3 categories who did the assessment (the patients, their relatives and health care professional). Conclusion: This study could provide a real help and guide to the physicians in the ICU and the patients families in the preparation for the families – physicians meetings, save the time lost in poor communication, decrease conflict, increase family satisfaction and help in decision-making process.

Background: Although there has been an exponential growth in hookah use on a global scale, research within the context of South Africa is very limited. While hookah use is known internationally to be a health and addiction risk, the focus is on university students and not on families. Aim: This study aims to compare the family functioning and family satisfaction among hookah users and non-users. Setting: This study was conducted in low or middle-high class socio-economic status areas of Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: A quantitative method was employed to test for significant differences with a sample of 1193 participants, in which each participant represented a family. An independent t-test was used to test for significant differences between hookah users and non-users. Results: One-third (34%) of the participants indicated that they smoked hookah pipe, with the general age of onset being 16.5 years. In trying to understand the family context, it was found that 28% of hookah users indicated that the hookah pipe was used as a means of socialising with others in the family, and 24% of parents indicated that they were more accepting of family members smoking the hookah pipe. Findings also suggest that families of hookah users have less cohesion, expressiveness and family satisfaction, and more conflict and permissiveness than families of non-users. Conclusion: This study provides and extends knowledge regarding the family in hookah pipe use. This information could assist in reducing hookah pipe use, and building healthier and more resilient communities by formulating prevention and intervention strategies to reduce hookah use.

A part of a complex research dedicated to studying the interdependence between the posttraumatic stress features and the structural dimensions of family system is presented in this paper. 162 women have participated in the study by filling in the on-line versions of IES-R (Impact of Event Scale) and FACES-IV (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale). Thus, in this study correlations between the structural dimensions of family system (balanced scales: cohesion and flexibility; unbalanced scales: disengaged, enmeshed, chaotic, rigid; communication and family satisfaction scales) and posttraumatic stress features (intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal) are considered. Using the one-way ANOVA the following statistically significant differences were revealed: (1) one-ended relationship between avoidance features (IES-R) and cohesion and communication dimensions (FACES-IV); (2) two-ended relationship between chaotic scale dimension (FACES-VI) and intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal features (IES-R); (3) two-ended relationship between cohesion, flexibility as well as disengaged, enmeshed scales dimensions (FACES-VI) and hyperarousal features (IES-R).

Past literature in the area of employee–customer interactions suggests that being mistreated by customers is deemed one of the most important work-related stressors for service employees. However, little is known about the effects of customer mistreatment on the family domain. In a representative sample of 221 front-line employees in the East China hairdressing industry using three separate surveys administered 1 month apart respectively, the current study explores the mediation effects of work-to-family conflict (WFC) and the moderation effects of psychological detachment (PD) and leader–member exchange (LMX) on the relationship between customer mistreatment and family satisfaction (FS). The research revealed that the employees confronted with intensive customer mistreatment tended to experience high levels of WFC, and WFC mediated the effects of customer mistreatment on FS. In addition, both PD and LMX attenuated customer mistreatment’s direct effects on WFC and indirect effects on FS (via WFC). This study contributes to the managerial psychology literature related to the customer mistreatment construct and a better understanding of how PD and LMX act as a work-family spillover effect moderator of customer mistreatment on individuals.

Family functioning may affect how satisfied family members are within the family. This study assessed the relational aspects between family functioning and family satisfaction with a conveniently sampled group of families. This study applied a quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional correlational design. The sample consisted of 204 participants (57% females, 50% Black Africans and 39% speaking isiXhosa). The average age was 31 years (SD=11.07). The results suggest that families could be at risk in terms of family functioning and this predicted being satisfied with the family. Implications for social work practice are provided.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the well-being of a sample of families from low socioeconomic communities in the Western Cape South Africa in terms of family resilience, family satisfaction, parenting styles, family structure and family functioning. Methods: The study used a descriptive survey design and sampled 358 adult family members. Results: The results indicate that although family functioning is challenged, parents are perceived to be using an authoritative parenting style and having a father present enhances family satisfaction. The results also describe families as displaying low-to-average levels of family resilience. Conclusion: This study provides a descriptive study of a sample of families in the Western Cape, South Africa. Overall the families in this study are not doing very well. The implications and significance of these findings are further explained.

The research is directed on the investigation of teenager’s family identity. In the pre- vious articles we have described the phenomena of family identity and its research methods. The aim of this article is an account of the empirical results of the research of family identity of teenagers with different structural and functional family charac- teristics. According to one of the research hypothesis, there is a correlation between the structural and functional family characteristics and teenager’s family identity, i.e. his experience of belonging to the family system. Moreover comparing to such factors of family identity as a family type (two-parent, one-parent, binuclear, foster), teenager’s sex and age, the factor of teenager’s growing up in the family with definite structural and functional characteristics is the most important one. There are the results of the research of 290 different-age teenagers with a help of Scale FACES-3 and the author’s inquirer of Family Identity and its analysis in this article.

Culture Change leaders in long term care have identified creative ways to implement a model of Person Directed Care to improve the client experience by providing choice, instilling dignity, and fostering deep relationships among its community members. One organization created an environment of care called ”The Small House” and educated its’ workforce using the Green House® Project Legacy Alignment program to redesign the organizational structure, experience and environment. Interviews were conducted with elders, staff, and family members (N=20) about their experiences living, working or visiting a Small House as compared to experiences in their previous dwelling, a traditional nursing home. They were asked to describe the biggest difference between the Small House and the traditional nursing home model, and the differences in the two models in terms of the food, personal care, and relationships. Study participants were also asked to rate on a likert scale satisfaction with their experiences in the traditional nursing home and the Small House. Results showed that satisfaction ratings were higher among all groups living, working, or visiting the Small House compared to the traditional nursing home setting. The themes that emerged most often in comparing the Small House homes to the traditional nursing home included choice, homelike atmosphere, positive sensory environment, and evidence of close relationships in the Small House. The Small House homes studied in this qualitative investigation appear to have captured the important elements that create real home and consistent care partners who know the elders deeply to keep them comfortable and engaged.

The purpose of this study was testing of indirect effect of work-family conflict on life satisfaction of Shiraz hospitals nurses (340 persons) through testing of a multi-mediator model. Using a multi-mediator approach, indirect effect of work-family conflict on life satisfaction was simultaneously tested through two mediators of job satisfaction and family satisfaction. In this research it was tried to clarify two general perceptions: First, work-family conflict can indirectly influence general quality of individual’s life. Second, general quality of individual’s life satisfaction is depended on two main aspects of his life (job and family). Using Preacher and Hayes’ multi-mediator model, rate of direct and indirect effects of this model and their statistical meaningfulness was evaluated. Eventually, this research approved the two general perceptions. In addition, it determined special indirect effects of the mentioned mediator variables.

The aim of this work was to examine family well-being in a sample of Spanish families with blind children. Sixty-one participants reported their perceived economic status, the level of job satisfaction, and state-anxiety symptoms. The participants of our study scored higher on state-anxiety and lower on material well-being than the normative sample, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. They also scored higher on job satisfaction and family satisfaction than the general population. A negative correlation was found between state-anxiety and material well-being (r = -.622, p = .001) and between state-anxiety and family satisfaction (r = -.578, p = .001). A positive correlation was found between material well-being and job satisfaction (r = .408, p = .001), and between material well-being and family satisfaction (r = .417, p = .001). Higher levels of material well-being, job satisfaction, and family satisfaction were associated with lower levels of anxiety in these families. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between family satisfaction and job satisfaction.Our results suggest that the family experience of having a disabled child is evolving, and this implies achieving greater job and family satisfaction than the normative samples, although anxiety scores continue to be higher and material well-being scores remain lower. On the whole, our results confirm that it is necessary to provide these families with more economic resources, which would have a positive impact on their subjective psychological well-being, decreasing their state-anxiety and increasing their satisfaction with life.

Background: To improve care it is necessary to feed back experiences of those receiving care. Of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), approximately one-quarter die, and few survivors recollect their experiences, so family members have a vital role. The most widely validated tool to seek their views is the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit questionnaire (FS-ICU). Objectives: To test face and content validity and comprehensibility of the FS-ICU (phase 1). To establish internal consistency, construct validity and reliability of the FS-ICU; to describe family satisfaction and explore how it varies by family member, patient, unit/hospital and other contextual factors and by country; and to model approaches to sampling for future use in quality improvement (phase 2). Design: Mixed methods: qualitative study (phase 1) and cohort study (phase 2). Setting: NHS ICUs (n = 2, phase 1; n = 20, phase 2). Participants: Health-care professionals, ex-patients, family members of ICU patients (n = 41, phase 1). Family members of ICU patients (n = 12,303, phase 2). Interventions: None. Main outcome measures: Key themes regarding each item of the 24-item FS-ICU (FS-ICU-24) (phase 1). Overall family satisfaction and domain scores of the FS-ICU-24 (phase 2). Results: In phase 1, face validity, content validity and comprehensibility were good. Adaptation to the UK required only minor edits. In phase 2, one to four family members were recruited for 60.6% of 10,530 patients (staying in ICU for 24 hours or more). Of 12,303 family members, 7173 (58.3%) completed the questionnaire. Psychometric assessment of the questionnaire established high internal consistency and criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis indicated new domains: satisfaction with care, satisfaction with information and satisfaction with the decision-making process. All scores were high with skewed distributions towards more positive scores. For family members of ICU survivors, factors associated with increased/decreased satisfaction were age, ethnicity, relationship to patient, and visit frequency, and patient factors were acute severity of illness and invasive ventilation. For family members of ICU non-survivors, average satisfaction was higher but no family member factors were associated with increased/decreased satisfaction; patient factors were age, acute severity of illness and duration of stay. Neither ICU/hospital factors nor seasonality were associated. Funnel plots confirmed significant variation in family satisfaction across ICUs. Adjusting for family member and patient characteristics reduced variation, resulting in fewer ICUs identified as potential outliers. Simulations suggested that family satisfaction surveys using short recruitment windows can produce relatively unbiased estimates of average family satisfaction. Conclusions: The Family-Reported Experiences Evaluation study has provided a UK-adapted, psychometrically valid questionnaire for overall family satisfaction and three domains. The large sample size allowed for robust multilevel multivariable modelling of factors associated with family satisfaction to inform important adjustment of any future evaluation. Limitations: Responses to three free-text questions indicate the questionnaire may not be sensitive to all aspects of family satisfaction. Future work: Reservations remain about the current questionnaire. While formal analysis of the free-text questions did not form part of this proposal, brief analysis suggested considerable scope for improvement of the FS-ICU-24. Study registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN47363549. Funding details: The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

Current levels of family and job satisfaction present in groups of women with different working days were under study, controlling socio-demographic variables. Three instruments were applied to 134 technical and administrative workers whose ages were between 20 and 56 and who worked for a financial service company in the Maule Region. A significant relationship between the levels of family and job satisfaction was observed in women with different working days (r=0.25, p=0.0013). For single women, job satisfaction is higher when they work full time, as well as for women with superior educational and technical levels. In women with secondary education, job satisfaction is higher if they work part-time. In childless women, job satisfaction is higher when they work full time and in those who have between one or three children, job satisfaction is higher if they work part-time