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This practice report investigates the role of humor in enhancing cross-cultural learning and group cohesion in virtual education settings. Most collaborative international learning training focuses on structuring content, co-teaching, and managing coursework for specific outcomes (Rubin & Guth, 2015). Beyond including time for icebreakers for students to become acclimated with each other, often much of the rest of the experience emphasizes task completion; this serious focus may contribute to discomfort and reduced engagement among diverse students. After witnessing this our first year working together in a collaborative online international learning experience connecting North American students with those from Muslim-majority countries, we explored how modeling and creating opportunities for shared laughter in synchronous group exercises might better promote a relaxed and engaging learning environment. Our findings, derived from qualitative feedback and quantitative surveys, demonstrate that humor enhances group cohesion and cultural exploration. Students reported increased comfort, enjoyment, and willingness to engage and humor-driven activities consistently rated as the most impactful and enjoyable aspects of the course.

In the context of the current discussion about the ethical boundaries of humor, the study attempts to show that an approach based on Mukařovský’s functional theory is not only applicable to the discussion but also competitive. In the first part of the article, the author tries to answer the question of inserting a joke into the field of functions. He understands a joke as a sign that has in its most typical version a dominant f ictive-communicative function. It is precisely in the dominance of the fictive-communicative function of the joke that he sees the reason for the borderline position of the joke between art and life. The fictiveness of jokes creates, on the one hand, the impression that they have as fictitious statements greater independence from nonaesthetic norms, similar to what works of art have. On the other hand, because of the communicative moment jokes have more potential to offend us than do artifacts with a dominant aesthetic function. The second part of the study is dedicated to the relationship between the joke and the listener and attempts to describe other forms in which the semantic energy of the joke can reveal itself.

Background. Pedagogical innovations aimed at the formation of a competitive national educational system require a primary analysis of the prevailing conditions "on the ground" for further successful practical implementation. The domestic general education school system is not flexible and adaptable to modern challenges and requirements, which forces teachers and practitioners to adapt any author's concepts and developments to existing realities and significantly affects the success of widespread application. Purpose. To determine the degree of readiness of the teaching staff and secondary school students to introduce humorous means and techniques into the educational process. Methods. The main method used is the analysis of the empirical data obtained during the diagnostic stage of experimental work at MBOU Gymnasium No. 123 in Barnaul. The processing and systematization of the information revealed during the survey and concretizing conversations made it possible to analyze the prevailing conditions for the use of humor in the middle and senior levels of a general education organization. Results. The results of diagnostics of the formed readiness of the teaching and student staff in the field of application of the humorous approach are presented and interpreted. The positive attitude of school students to the use of humor in the framework of pedagogical communication is determined. Insufficient awareness of teachers about the essence of the humorous approach and the possibilities of its application has been revealed. The willingness to master new pedagogical tools and techniques to reduce the distance in the «teacher-student» relationship has been demonstrated. Practical implications. They can be used to update the educational system, introduce new approaches to learning based on the active use of pedagogical communication.

This mixed-methods study, adopting a sequential explanatory design, aimed to (a) investigate the effect of situation comedies (sitcoms) on Iranian EFL learners’ critical reasoning as well as action and (b) explore learners’ attitudes about the way sitcoms could influence their critical reasoning and action. In this mixed-methods study, sixty learners were randomly selected and assigned to a control and an experimental group. While the control group participated in regular classes, the experimental group watched sitcoms. Before and after the treatment, the Persian version of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test, Form B (CCTST) (Khalili & Hossein Zadeh, 2003) was utilized to measure participants’ reasoning skills. To assess critical action, the Activism Orientation Scale (Corning & Myers, 2002) was used. Quantitative data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Some of the participants in the experimental group were interviewed about the way sitcoms affected their criticality. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The result of ANCOVA tests showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding their criticality. In support of quantitative results, the analysis of the interviews confirmed the effectiveness of sitcoms in improving learners’ criticality. Qualitative findings showed that sitcoms enhanced learners’ critical reasoning through inference and evaluation and raised their awareness of social issues and their eagerness to participate in life-changing activities. Integrating findings from the two phases confirmed that sitcoms increased learners’ awareness of the world and deepened their understanding of diversities.

The year 2020 brought an unexpected hard time, referred to as the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic spread globally. It was difficult to combat and people were brought misery, fear, anxiety, coronavirus infection, suffering and death. With the pandemic, a number of restrictions were placed on human contacts. Social life lost its value. From a linguistic point of view, the coronavirus pandemic was clearly reflected in language. Studying the language of social communication during the pandemic has become a challenge for linguistic researchers. The collective monograph “Corona-Pandemie im Text und Diskurs”, edited by Mariusz Jakosz and Marcelina Kałasznik, was published as the 2nd volume of the scientific series „Fields of Linguistics – Aktuelle Fragestellungen und Herausforderungen“. The volume contains three parts and thirteen articles. The foreground of the collective monograph addresses the phenomenon of the coronavirus pandemic, which contributed to the development of the corona language. In terms of language, the pandemic left positive traces. The dissertation presents a textual and discourse analysis against the background of the pandemic. Selected words, texts and phraseologisms were subjected to in-depth study. The results of the study proved beneficial from a linguistic perspective. New words, neologisms, vocabulary complexes were created as lexical innovations. In numerous articles, language researchers present linguistic analyses of the newly created vocabulary in text and discourse. Coronavirus discourse is treated as a phenomenon. Linguists discuss various areas of social life during the pandemic that affected different levels of the language system. Major concepts like distance, distancing, topos, and meme are explained. Internet memes were released during the corona pandemic to show humor, irony, sarcasm, nostalgia, feelings, and social sentiments. Lexical and phraseological aspects of the language are presented using German, Ukrainian, Italian and Slovak as examples. The monograph can be of a didactic nature.

The article examines the mechanisms for creating comic effects in the texts of the famous poet, writer and post-war artist Heinz Erhard (1909–1979). The relevance of the study is determined, on the one hand, by the level of popularity of this author’s poems and texts that has not decreased for more than sixty years, and on the other hand, by the lack of linguistic or literary analysis of his works, which contradicts this fact. The purpose of the study is to describe the linguistic mechanisms of the appearance of the comic. The most common technique for creating a comic is described – changing the style. An analysis of more than 1,000 examples of creating a comic effect using a continuous sampling method showed that in 27 % of cases we are talking about a stylistic shift, a sharp change in stylistic coloring or text. The “reader’s work” to recognize the comic includes recognition of the functional style, sometimes declared by the author with one lexeme, recognition of a certain historical or artistic era, which is characterized by the prevalence of certain stylistic decisions. The speech variability of such authorial decisions can be philosophically interpreted as a limitation of ideological pathos towards certain historical and cultural phenomena in the German-speaking space, with the possibility of their recognition and acceptance.

Abstract Background Diabetes-related lower extremity complications such as diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are a global disability burden. Treatment and care for patients with DFU call for a multisectoral approach that incorporates interdisciplinary care pathways. We aimed to explore the interplay between patients with DFU and healthcare professionals in cross-sectoral settings that address treatment and care and to determine “what works, for whom, and under what circumstances”. Method The study was designed as a realistic evaluation. The data were generated from September 2022 to March 2023 and drew upon approximately 60 h of participant observation of 14 patients during the treatment and care of DFUs in their homes (primary care) and/or at outpatient clinics (wound specialist clinics in a hospital setting) in a Danish cross-sectoral setting. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were applied in this study. Results We identified three illuminating themes that described the interplay between patients with DFU and related healthcare professionals representing both primary and secondary health care systems: (1) humour is a relationship-enhancing element between nurses and patients; (2) support from patients’ coping strategies promotes patient-centeredness and collaboration; and (3) patients and professionals occupy unnegotiated identity roles. Conclusion Our study led to a refined programme theory developed through the realistic evaluation process that allows us to propose an answer to the problem of “what works, for whom, and under what circumstances”. The interplay between patients with DFU and healthcare professionals in a cross-sectoral setting for treatment and care is characterised by the use of humour as a relation-enhancing element and by improving support for patient coping strategies, which encourages healthcare professionals to promote health literacy. Future research should examine strategies for negotiating identity roles between patients with DFU and healthcare professionals to enhance collaboration, patient health literacy, and health promotion in cross-sectoral healthcare settings.

Purpose. To consider the process of formation of the pedagogical foundations of humor in the philosophical thought of Ancient times of the VIII century BC – V century AD. Methods. In the course of the study, the methods of historical and pedagogical research were used: retrospective, historical-structural, historiographical, historical-genetic, comparative, comparative, historical periodization method, which together allowed for a systematic analysis of the transformation of changes in attitude to humor from a phenomenon of the surrounding reality to an element of the educational process. Results. The process of formation of philosophical thought in relation to humor as a means of educational influence is summarized by demonstrating the development of the literature of Antiquity. The main literary genres containing elements of comedy and bearing an educational component are listed. The main concepts of the perception of humor (Aristophanes, Plato, Aristotle, Demetrius, Cicero) formed during this period are considered. A look at the Socratic dialogue system is given as one of the first humorous techniques in pedagogy. Practical implications. The obtained results can be applied in the creation of a unified overview of historical and pedagogical work devoted to the formation and development of humor as a special means of influence in pedagogy, as well as in solving applied didactic tasks in secondary and higher schools. The research materials can form the basis of lectures and seminars on the discipline «History of pedagogy and education» for students of pedagogical specialties and higher educational institutions.

Am Beispiel des österreichischen Wissenschaftskabarett-Ensembles „Science Busters“ geben die Autor*innen des Beitrags einen Einblick in die kommunikative und konzeptionelle Vielschichtigkeit einer Wissenschaftskommunikation, die außerhalb institutionsspezifischer Räume und Gegebenheiten stattfindet. Zielgruppe der Angebote sind wissenschaftsexterne Personen. Im Zentrum steht nicht das Vermitteln von Wissenschaftsinhalten, sondern das Erzählen von Geschichten, die wissenschaftliche Inhalte transportieren. Wesentlich sind dabei die humorvolle Darstellung und Interaktion. Die Autor*innen betonen, dass sich Humor und Wissenschaft keinesfalls widersprechen müssen. Darüber hinaus beleuchtet der Beitrag konkrete Kommunikationsstrategien der Science Busters (wie z.B. den dramaturgisch inszenierten Dialog), die auf der Kabarettbühne Anwendung finden, um dem Publikum einen besseren Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen und Erkenntnissen zu ermöglichen. (Red.)

This article aims to explore the structure and meaning of unique Indonesian names, their origins, and the humor they encompass. The topic was selected due to its recent viral status on social media. Utilizing qualitative methods and library research, data were gathered from internet news articles and analyzed through theories of names and nicknames, humor, and Arabic and Islamic religion. These theoretical frameworks were particularly pertinent as the study revealed that many unique names are intricately linked to Islamic and Arabic elements. The findings suggest that the uniqueness of these names often arises from spontaneous selection, with minimal deliberation or understanding of the religious terms incorporated. Predominantly found among the lower-middle class, these names stand out due to their distinctiveness, which often elicits humor. The humorous aspects of these names can be categorized under incongruity theory and, in some cases, superiority theory. This research highlights the cultural and social dimensions of naming practices in Indonesia and their unintended comedic impact.

Background. The significance of studying resource-based thinking is due to its important role in the organization and successful implementation of various types of activities. The study of the relationship between humor and resourcefulness of thinking can provide the ways to find resources for a subject to more effectively resolve the difficulties arising in the course of his life activities. Objective. The study had its purpose to investigate the interrelation between humor style and resourcefulness of thinking. Study Participants. The study sample (N = 150) included senior psychology students (50 people), high school students profiled in social science, humanities, etc. (50 people), working people aged 30–45 years (50 people). Methods. “Martin's questionnaire of humor styles” and “Methodology for diagnosing the resource-based thinking” (for professions of a socionomic type) by Serafimovich, Medvedeva, Surina. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the Student's parametric t-test were used to process quantitative data. Results. The study revealed that a self-supporting style of humor is prevailing among students and adults, while minimally manifested among schoolchildren. Significant differences were found in the indicators of self-deprecating humor: they are significantly higher among students compared to adults. The study discovered some age-related specifics in the development of resource-based thinking: in adults, its general level as well as the motivational-goal component is significantly higher than in schoolchildren. It has been shown that self-supporting style of humor is positively correlated and self-deprecating style of humor is negatively correlated with almost all components of resource-based thinking. Besides, the self-supporting style of humor and the general level of resource-based thinking are positively interrelated, while aggressive and self-deprecating styles of humor are negatively related to the general level of resource-based thinking. Conclusions. For the first time, the relationship between humor and resourcefulness of thinking is shown as the ground for autocreative processes, i.e. processes of self-formation of new states. There exists a significant relationship between the prevailing style of humor and the level of resource-based thinking. A high level of resource-based thinking corresponds to the self-supporting style of humor, while its low level corresponds to the self-deprecating style of humor.

O humor pode ser sinónimo de várias realidades, mas raramente se pensa na dimensão política que pode ter. Se, ao longo da história, o humor tem sido usado para transmitir sentimentos de diversa ordem, pouco ou quase nada já foi estudado, na perspectiva política, para o caso de Moçambique. Assim, baseando-se nas Eleições Gerais de 2019 e, através de uma metodologia qualitativa (entrevistas semi-estruturadas e netnografia), este artigo discute a forma pela qual o humor pode ser uma maneira de fazer política em períodos eleitorais. Como resultado, além das limitações de acesso à Internet existentes no país, os exemplos apresentados revelam a existência de uma tendência crescente do uso de imagens e memes como forma de acção política, destacando, sobretudo, práticas de ridicularização política ou simples actos de risos ou propaganda. Igualmente, nota-se a necessidade de se usar o humor como alternativa ao facto de haver um aparente fecho do espaço cívico, visando a realização de actos de activismo e participação política, dada à existência de um clima de permanente impedimento para que as pessoas manifestem, de facto, o seu pensamento político em períodos eleitorais. Por conseguinte, as redes sociais da Internet emergem como um “tubo de escape” por se considerar.

O artigo traz resultados de pesquisa de doutoramento acerca da comicidade como estratégia discursiva nas religiosidades contemporâneas. No contexto de intensificação da presença do humor e do riso nas ambiências religiosas, compreendemos esse fenômeno como uma das consequências das sociedades em midiatização. São analisadas práticas discursivas de dois atores sociais destacados do cenário cristão brasileiro, o padre Fábio de Melo e o Pastor Cláudio Duarte. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, foram analisadas diferentes tentativas comunicacionais desses atores sociais, identificando marcas discursivas da construção de distintas formas de comicidade, também tensionadas por uma intensa atividade circulatória interdiscursiva. O trabalho contribui com as pesquisas nas interfaces entre mídia, cultura, comunicação e religião no que concerne, especialmente, às dinâmicas de construção de efeitos de sentido em torno da comicidade na relação com as religiosidades.

It is extremely challenging for security guard robots to independently stop human line-cutting behavior. We propose addressing this issue by using humorous phrases. First, we created a dataset and built a humor effectiveness predictor. Using a simulator, we replicated 13,000 situations of line-cutting behavior and collected 500 humorous phrases through crowdsourcing. Combining these simulators and phrases, we evaluated each phrase’s effectiveness in different situations through crowdsourcing. Using machine learning with this dataset, we constructed a humor effectiveness predictor. In the process of preparing this machine learning, we discovered that considering the situation and the discomfort caused by the phrase is crucial for predicting the effectiveness of humor. Next, we constructed a system to select the best humorous phrase for the line-cutting behavior using this predictor. We then conducted a video experiment in which we compared the humorous phrases selected using this proposed system with typical non-humorous phrases. The results revealed that humorous phrases selected by the proposed system were more effective in discouraging line-cutting behavior than typical non-humorous phrases.

The epithets ornans in Sándor Petőfi’s mock epic poem A helység kalapácsa [‘The Hammer of the Village’] and in its translations Observing literary names and fictional name translations is essential in applied onomastics, contrastive stylistics and literary comparatistics. This paper examines the significance and characteristic function of the proper names and epitheta ornantia in the mock epic poem entitled A helység kalapácsa [‘The Hammer of the Village’], both in the source language text and in the Russian and English translations of the poem. The Petőfi text contains a multitude of epitheta ornantia, either in conjunction with proper names in fixed noun constructions or dispersed throughout the text. The latter adjectives serve as substitutes for proper names. The Russian and English versions of the proper names with epitheta ornantia are mainly equivalent to the source language versions. The proper names are primarily unaltered. In Russian, they are either transliterated or translated in meaning. The epitheta ornantia are usually word-by-word translations, sometimes with additions or omissions.

This article focuses on the intersection of meme theory, taboo humor, and political discourse, using the “Let’s Go Brandon!” meme and meme cycle as a case study for examining humor in contemporary political discourse and tribalism in the United States. It shows how memes – in the expanded sense – distill complex political ideas into easily shareable content, influencing public opinion and political engagement. The analysis considers the use of taboo language and humor, such as the use of “fuck,” as a form of rebellious use of profanity that challenges societal norms of civility in public engagement. By analyzing the role of memes and the cultural artefacts generated from them in political communication, this study provides insights into the evolution of political discourse and the sociocultural impact of memetic humor in the digital age.

Med udgangspunkt i et pilotprojekt om leg og pædagogisk praksis i børnehaven anlægges et kritisk perspektiv på voksnes betydning for børns oplevelser af leg som sjov. Artiklen tager afsæt i legeforståelser, hvor leg forstås som en værens- og udtryksform, som de fleste børn forbinder med sjov, og som voksne må tage del i for at kunne forstå. I to analysenedslag undersøges forholdet mellem voksnes handlinger i leg og børns oplevelser. Først vises, hvordan pædagoger italesætter to typer af handlinger i leg. Med den ene performer de et børneperspektiv, der beror på voksnes vurderinger af børns udvikling, mens de med den anden anerkender børns oplevelser af leg som sjov. Bagefter vises, hvordan voksne, der deltager i børns leg og på legens præmisser, kan undersøge børns perspektiver på leg som sjov. På baggrund af analysen udledes tre kategorier om travesterende handlinger som understøttende for børns oplevelser af leg som sjov. Afslutningsvis diskuteres betydningen af leg, sjov og det børnecentrerede i den nordiske pædagogprofession. English abstract Children’s Experiences of Play as Fun in ECEC: “You Cannot Roast a Baby”. What Adults’ Actions in Play Mean for Children’s Ability to Experience Play as Fun Starting from a pilot study on children’s play and pedagogical practices in ECEC, this article explores adults’ actions in relation to children’s ability to experience play as fun. The article understands play as a way of being and an expression that most children find fun, and states that adults need to participate in play in order to understand the fun. Starting from a Grounded Theory approach, the article analyzes connections between adults’ actions and children’s experiences. First, we show how teachers, through interviews, articulate different child perspectives in relation to play, and, secondly, we use participant observations to show how adults in a play experiment can explore children’s perspectives on play as fun. On the departure of the analysis, the article deduces three categories of travesty in pedagogical actions that might promote children’s experiences of play as fun. Finally, the article discusses the importance of play, fun and child-centeredness in Nordic ECECs.

Deconstructing Female Stereotypes through Humor in Sylvia Orthof's O cavalo transparent The widespread use of humor in children's literature used to make readers reflect on important social mattters, such as inclusion and gender equality. The study focuses on the analysis of this technique as exploited in the story O cavalo transparente by the Brazilian writer Sylvia Orthof (1987). Through strong comic traits, the author deconstructs traditional female stereotypes, choosing the protagonist Carmen, a gypsy anti-heroine who embarks on a journey to search for a lost magic bottle. The function of humor will be highlighted by analyzing the most significant part of the text, determined by the climax, in which the protagonist encounters a mermaid, whose physical characteristics differ from the usual canonical model. This analysis depicts how humor in O cavalo transparent operates to subvert traditional female stereotypes. It examines the dialogues between the two anti-heroines from a pragmatic perspective, highlighting how their interactions give emphasis to the atypical physical characteristics of the mermaid. Also, this study explores these humorous elements into Italian in reference to the functionalist model as a frame. This model considers the cultural context of the text which influences conversational styles, the choice of registers, lexical labels, politeness strategies and allocutive formulas, and domestication. This approach emphasizing domestication brings the text closer to the reader, adhering as much as possible to the linguistic and social conventions of the target culture. Within the framework of the ‘linguistics of humor’, this study demonstrates how the conveyance of comedy is strongly anchored to the socio- pragmatic precepts of each linguistic community. The study underlines the challenges of retaining the original comedic text effect of O Cavalo Transparente when adapting it into the target culture, revealing how the comedic essence may be altered in translation. This research contributes to understanding the effect of humor in literature and the intricacies of cross-cultural translation. Humor could be used as a valuable pedagogical means to stimulate effective learning as comedy by inducing positive emotional states, significantly contributing to lowering the Affect filter and performance anxiety. ____________________________ Resumen Considerando a ampla utilização do humor na literatura infantil, utilizado para que os leitores possam refletir sobre importantes questões sociais, como a inclusão e a questão de género, propomos a análise desta técnica empregada no conto O cavalo transparente da escritora brasileira Sylvia Orthof (1987). Através de marcados traços cómicos, a autora desconstrói estereótipos femininos tradicionais, escolhendo como protagonista a cigana Carmen, uma anti-heroína que empreende uma viagem para buscar uma garrafa mágica perdida. A função do humor será realçada analisando a parte textual mais significativa, determinada pelo clímax, em que a protagonista se depara com uma sereia, cujas peculiaridades físicas fogem ao modelo canónico habitual. Além de examinar os diálogos entre as duas anti-heroínas em perspetiva pragmática, realçando as estratégias adotadas com base no distanciamento social e no propósito comunicativo, que destacam as características físicas atípicas da sereia, apresentamos propostas de tradução para italiano adotando o modelo funcionalista, que considera a relação entre o texto e a cultura em que é produzido - uma vez que esta influencia os estilos de conversação e a escolha de registos, vocábulos, estratégias de polidez e fórmulas ilocucionárias -, e a domesticação, que aproxima o texto ao leitor, aderindo tanto quanto possível às convenções linguísticas e sociais da cultura de chegada. Este trabalho demonstrará, no contexto da ‘linguística do humor’, como a veiculação do cómico está ancorada nos preceitos sócio-pragmáticos de cada comunidade de falantes, visto que, ao adaptar o texto à língua-alvo, se perde o original efeito cómico das locuções. Palabras clave: Literatura infantil; Inclusão; O cavalo transparente; Sylvia Orthof; Estereótipos femininos; Humorismo

Xiaolin: An Exploration of Jokes and Humor in Ancient Chinese Culture This article is based on the study of the book "Xiaolin" (The Forest of Laughter) by Handan Chun 邯鄲淳 (ca.132-ca.221) of the Cao Wei 曹魏 period in the Eastern Han Dynasty 東漢 (25-220).The first book dedicated to jokes in ancient China. The realistic and satirical folk stories produced against the backdrop of the times, reflected the interest in life, humor and the educational sense of the literati, lower-class and common peopleof that period (Wang, 1981; Huang, 1999). Focusing on the only 29 jokes left in the book, the extracts and short quotes found in the nine important ancient documents analysed, in a chronological list, the five most mentioned and representatives jokes , will be explored in depth. These are: “Zhao Bo gong (weng) feida 赵伯公(翁)肥大” [Zhao Bo gong (weng) is fat], “Shen Jun xing jianlin 沈峻性俭吝” (Shen Jun is stingy), “Wu ren dao jing chi naisu(lao)吴人到京吃奶蘇(酪)” (The people of Wu go to Luoyang to eat cheese), “Taiyuan ren ye shihuo 太原人夜失火” (A house in Taiyuan caught fire during the night) and “Lu ren zhi gan 魯人執竿” (The people of Lu hold long poles in their hands). Which are translated into Italian with some reflections.This work highlights the social and cultural ideologies of the people of the time, its purpose is to deepen the knowledge of the pragmatic language and ideologies reflected in the culture of the time. These jokes express the importance of laughter,and with the study and in-depth research of this genre little considered will also be able to disseminate the spirit of humor everywhere without forgetting to possess this gift that makes us feel good with little. The history of Chinese jokes is very rich, therefore I hope that in the future its knowledge will be appreciated with the right value. _____________________________________ Abstract Questo lavoro si basa sullo studio del libro “Xiaolin” (La foresta delle risate) di Handan Chun 邯鄲淳 (ca.132-ca.221) del periodo Cao Wei 曹魏 nella dinastia Han Orientale 東漢 (25-220), il primo libro dedicato alle barzellette nell'antica Cina. Le storie popolari realistiche e satiriche prodotte sullo sfondo dei tempi riflettevano l'interesse per la vita e l'umorismo dei letterati e della gente comune della classe inferiore di quel periodo, così come anche un senso educativo (Wang, 1981; Huang, 1999). Concentrandoci sulle sole 29 barzellette rimaste del libro, gli estratti e le brevi citazioni ritrovate nei nove importanti documenti antichi analizzati, in un elenco cronologico, saranno approfondite le cinque barzellette più nominate, quelle più rappresentative. Queste sono: “Zhao Bo gong (weng) fei da 赵伯公(翁)肥大” [Zhao Bogong (weng) è grasso], “Shen Jun xing jian lin 沈峻性俭吝” (Shen Jun è avaro), “Wu ren dao jing chi naisu (lao)吴人到京吃奶蘇(酪)” (La gente di Wu va a Luoyang a mangiare il formaggio), “Taiyuan ren ye shihuo 太原人夜失火” (Una casa di Taiyuan ha preso fuoco durante la notte) e “Lu ren zhi gan 魯人執竿” (La gente di Lu ha in mano lunghi pali), tradotte in italiano e con delle riflessioni. In questo lavoro si evidenziano le ideologie sociali e culturali delle persone dell'epoca ed il suo scopo è quello di approfondire la conoscenza del linguaggio pragmatico e le ideologie riflesse nella cultura dell'epoca. Queste barzellette esprimono l'importanza delle risate. Parole chiave: Barzellette cinesi; Xiaolin; Satira cinese; Umorismo; Youmo; Handan Chun

Translating Humor in the Medical Workplace as represented in German TV Series: A Case Study of Bettys Diagnose This article analyses humorous dialogues from the first season of the German medical TV series Bettys Diagnose (2015) on the basis of Raskin and Attardo's General Theory of Verbal Humor (1991). First, the gender of the participants, socio-professional hierarchies, and specialized language are identified as criteria for classifying humorous interactions. Applying a qualitative approach, the study investigates the linguistic ambiguity found in numerous exchanges based on opposing scripts in the medical workplace. It demonstrates how humor can often conceal aggressive attitudes, help manage critical situations and aim at teasing other speakers. The analysis of specific dialogues sheds light on the knowledge gaps between clinicians and patients and the related effects of misunderstandings that may occur, regardless of the speakers' language and cultural background. At the same time, humor seems to convey — more or less overtly —gender-related issues and social tensions between communities and subcommunities, as well as between different professional roles. Other dialogues in the series reveal how humor can also contribute to reducing the daily emotional burden of people facing trauma, fear, and pain, thus serving as a coping strategy. The essay also considers both voluntary and involuntary, verbal and non-verbal forms of humor. Subsequently, the article presents proposals for interlingual subtitling in Italian, selected on the basis of the dominant tone of the dramedy series examined (Nord, 1993) and consistent with the dynamic and compelling dialogues typical of oral communication. Specific strategies (Díaz Cintas & Remael, 2007) were thus identified and employed to render those humorous exchanges in which gender, socio-professional hierarchies, and specialized language play a relevant role. This section distinguishes between cases of correspondence between the two language systems (German and Italian) and cases requiring a more creative intervention by the translator. The study identifies some trends in the fictional representation of communication in hospital settings in German as well as in interlingual subtitling in Italian. These results could be further consolidated on a quantitative level through the analysis of larger corpora of dialogues from German TV series with similar topics, settings, and genres. ___________________________________ Abstract Dieser Aufsatz analysiert humoristische Dialoge aus der ersten Staffel der deutschen Arztserie Bettys Diagnose (2015) auf der Grundlage der General Theory of Verbal Humor von Raskin und Attardo (1991). Zunächst werden das Geschlecht der Teilnehmer, soziale und berufliche Hierarchien und die Fachsprache als Kriterien für die Klassifizierung von humorvollen Gesprächen identifiziert. Mit Hilfe eines qualitativen Ansatzes untersucht die Studie dann die sprachliche Mehrdeutigkeit, die sich in zahlreichen Gesprächen auf der Grundlage gegensätzlicher Skripte in der medizinischen Kommunikation findet. Der Aufsatz geht auch auf freiwillige und unfreiwillige, verbale und nonverbale Formen des Humors ein. Anschließend werden Vorschläge für die interlinguale Untertitelung im Italienischen vorgestellt, die auf der Grundlage des dominanten Tons der untersuchten Dramaserie (Nord 1993) ausgewählt wurden. Auf diese Weise wurden spezifische Strategien für die Wiedergabe von humoristischen Dialogen ermittelt, die sich um Geschlecht, soziale und berufliche Hierarchien und Fachsprache drehen (Díaz Cintas & Remael 2007), wobei zwischen Fällen der Übereinstimmung zwischen den beiden Sprachsystemen (Deutsch und Italienisch) und Fällen, die ein kreatives Eingreifen des Übersetzers erfordern, unterschieden wird. Die Studie zeigt einige Tendenzen bei der Darstellung der humoristischen Kommunikation im Deutschen in einer Krankenhausumgebung und bei der Übersetzung für die Untertitelung im Italienischen auf. Diese Ergebnisse können auf quantitativer Ebene anhand größerer Korpora von Filmdialogen aus Fernsehserien ähnlichen Inhalts weiter gefestigt werden. Schlüsselwörter: Humor; Audiovisuelle Übersetzung; Deutsche TV-Serie; italienische Untertitel; Fachsprache der Medizin; Gender

The paper discusses the changes in humor that have occurred since the advent of the internet, in the past quarter of a century. The cognitive mechanisms that produce humor have not changed. However, since 2000, roughly when the Internet 2.0 (social web) is said to have started, there have been some minor changes at the level of slang, and especially the introduction of emojis, emoticons, and emotes. At the discursive level, the introduction of large group conversations (polylogues) is a major difference. Internet humor tends to be short. Probably the most significant innovation of humor since 2000 is the introduction of memes (“image macros” i.e., images plus text) and meme cycles (i.e., groups of memes that are thematically or formally related). Another interesting phenomenon is the blurring of the distinction between online satirical texts and fake media, to the point that it is sometimes hard to distinguish between parodies, actual news stories, and constructed stories (fake news). This has contributed in part to the widespread use of humor as a cover to spread white suprematist or neonazi propaganda. Another significant change is the advent of the participatory culture of social media, where the users (the audience of traditional media) become prod- users (i.e., they produce the media themselves), taking advantage of the affordances of the media. Yet another change is the blending of mirth and embarrassment, two emotions that were considered incompatible until “cringe humor” became popular in internet humor. In particular, the paper focuses on transmedial humor. Humor is found to be a transmedial constant, however the inter semiotic translation process required to transfer the text from one modality to another is found to affect in small but not indifferent ways the humor itself. _________________________________________________ Resumen Questo articolo discute i cambiamenti dall’avvento della rete (internet), a partire dal 2000. I meccanismi cognitivi dell’umorismo non sono cambiati, ma ci sono stati alcuni cambiamenti nello slang, e l’introduzione di emoji, emotes, ed emoticons. Al livello de discorso, si nota l’avvento di conversazioni tra gruppi larghi. I testi comici tendono alla brevità. La maggiore novità è stata l’avvento dei memes (“image macros”) che consistono di immagini spesso con testo sovrapposto e dei cicli di meme, cioè gruppi di meme connessi tematicamente o formalmente. Altro fenomeno interessante è la perdita di distinzioni tra le notizie fasulle (fake news) e la satira, al punto che a volte è difficile distinguere tra di loro. Questo ha contribuito parzialmente all’uso di materiale comico da parte di gruppi neonazisti e di estremisti della destra per celare e diffondere la loro propaganda. Un altro cambiamento è l’avvento della cultura participatoria su internet (social media) in cui i consumatori di media ne diventano produttori, utilizzando appieno le “affordance” dei media. Un altro cambiamento ancora è la commistione dell’allegria e dell’imbarazzo, due emozioni che erano considerate incompatibili, prima dell’avvento del “cringe humor.” L’articolo riconcentra particolarmente sulla transmedialità. Il comico è una constante transmediale, tuttavia la traduzione intersemiotica necessaria a trasferire il testo da un medium a un altro influenza in maniera minore ma non indifferente il comico stesso. Parole chiave: Transmedia ; Umorismo ; Traduzione intersemiotica ; Internet; Memes

Between Equivalence and Effectiveness: Korean Humor in Multimedia Translation Humor can be defined as a cognitive experience aimed at eliciting laughter and amusement, particularly when conveyed through language in various forms (cf. Salmon, 2004). Its primary function is to provoke laughter in the listener, with the expectation that this effect will be preserved in translation. However, the multifaceted nature of humor, which encompasses linguistic, cultural, situational, and contextual elements, presents a significant challenge in achieving an adequate translation, particularly between languages as linguistically and culturally distinct as Korean and Italian. The translation of humor is widely recognized as one of the most challenging tasks for translators, due to its intricate nature and the profound interconnection between its nuances and the necessary linguistic, cultural, and contextual expertise. In relation to the Korean language, substantial comparative research has been conducted involving foreign languages such as English, Japanese, Chinese, and German. The objective of this study is to present a contrastive analysis of the subtitling of wordplay in Korean audiovisual content, motivated by the significant interest in this area over the past two decades, especially within the field of audiovisual translation. Therefore, the analysis will be focused on the humorous content of the movies and series, particularly wordplay, as these elements are deeply rooted in cultural specifics and require a high level of creative translation effort. It is of the utmost importance that the target language be shaped in such a way that idiomatic phrases, collocations, proverbs, or fixed expressions reflect a form of idiomaticity that preserves the original humor structures. In this regard, considerable emphasis will be placed on the concept of “cultural translation” and the issue of the “other.” The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of translating humorous elements, despite the inherent challenges that may arise in each case. The examination of selected examples will assist in identifying a variety of potential solutions, some of which may prove effective, and facilitate a rapid parallel comparison between the languages under study. ____________________________________ 초록 유머를 웃음을 유발하는 인지적 경험으로 정의할 때 (Salmon, 2004), 청취자로 하여금 재미를 느끼고 웃음을 터트리게 하는 효과는 다른 언어로 번역되는 경우에도 동일하게 기대된다. 그러나 유머는 본질적으로 언어적, 문화적, 상황적, 맥락적 요소를 포괄하는 다면적 성격을 가지고 있기에 특히 출발어와 도착어가 한국어나 이탈리아어와 같이 언어적, 문화적으로 상이할 때 이를 적절하게 번역해 내는 작업은 굉장히 까다롭기에 마련이다. 특히 유머 번역은 출발어와 도착어 양자의 언어적, 문화적 맥락을 세밀하게 읽어내는 전문성을 필요로 하기에 번역가들이 직면하는 큰 어려움의 대상이 된다. 한국어의 경우 영어, 일본어, 중국어, 독일어 등을 대상으로 하는 유머 번역 관련 연구들이 수행되어 왔다. 이에 여기에서는 한국 영화와 드라마에 등장하는 유머의 이탈리아어 번역을 사례로 대조언어적 분석을 수행하는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 논문에서는 무엇보다 문화적 특수성이 강하게 반영되는 언어유희적 요소에 집중하였으며, 특히 출발어의 유머가 지닌 언어적 구조를 최대한 살리는 노력이 요구되는 관용구, 연어, 속담 등을 주요 분석 대상으로 삼아 유머의 번역 가능성 및 번역 전략을 탐색하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 세부적인 유머 번역 예시에 대한 검토 및 분석을 통해 유머 번역이 수반하는 잠재적 어려움과 그 해결책을 가늠해 볼 수 있기를 기대한다. 키워드: 유머; 시청각번역; 문화번역; K-드라마

This study investigates the influence of Romanian cartoons related to COVID-19 vaccination on online engagement. Humor has been employed by (inter)national authorities in order to simplify complex issues and to encourage positive attitudes and behaviors toward certain health issues. Focusing our analysis on the cartoons employed by two Romanian authorities (CNCAV and European Commission’s Representation in Romania), the aims of this study are threefold: to determine how Health Belief Model constructs and humor types influenced the online users’ online engagement behavior towards the cartoons on vaccination in Romania; to identify how multimodal modes were employed in the cartoons on COVID-19 vaccination; to determine how knowledge resources help in the interpretation of humor in the overperforming multimodal cartoons. The findings showed that commenting was significantly triggered by cartoons embedding more cues to action than self-efficacy. Perceived barriers generated significantly more laughter than perceived benefits, more sad reactions and less angry reactions than cues to action. Despite the high frequency of irony and pun as humor types, aggressive humor (sarcasm or satire) triggered more Romanian users to interact with cartoons as a creative message strategy and the humorous representations of the anti-vaxxers and the undecided on both Facebook accounts scored higher in terms of engagement metrics.

Huckleberry Finn é o auge do humor americano e o humor violento do romance critica os valores morais da sociedade americana. Apesar do riso estar presente na superfície, por trás da história há um humor amargo que ataca e rompe diferentes sistemas de valores. Além do humor extremamente violento, o grotesco se apresenta como uma das outras estratégias que auxiliam o humor no cumprimento de sua missão política. A estratégica colaboração do humor violento com o grotesco e a narração resulta na libertação de uma mentalidade estática por parte dos leitores. Huck Finn efetivamente revela o caráter espúrio do ideal americano, apesar de suas alegações de ser genuíno através da justaposição de personagens, mundos e vidas heterogêneos que revelam a crueza da vida cotidiana. Para este fim, as teorias do humor de estudiosos como Plaza, Walker, Cox e Camfield e as teorias da violência de Zizek, Schinkel e Galtung são utilizadas para esclarecer o mecanismo interconectado do humor, da violência e do grotesco em atacar os sistemas de valores pútridos. O humor violento alinhado com a focalização do romance através de Huck, um narrador ingênuo, destaca a disparidade entre o ideal americano e as realidades da vida que libertam os leitores de visões opiáceas da sociedade e lhes dão uma visão clara, livre de sistemas de valores tendenciosos.

This article aims to understand how relations are constituted in the emergence of sexism in Elementary School Science classes through humor as a pedagogical strategy. The methodology consisted of a bricolage engendered by educational ethnography and discourse analysis elements. The ethnographic tools used were immersive observation, dense description and semi-structured interviews. An eighth-grade class was followed for ten months, and, in eighteen classes, the teacher used humor as a pedagogical strategy, reverberating in events marked by sexism. The dense description of these classes underwent a reading highlighted by principles of discourse analysis inspired by Foucault. It was observed that, once established in classes, sexism promotes a series of effects on subjects and power relations marked by sexual dimorphism, the rivalry between the feminine and masculine and the superiority of the masculine over the feminine. The conditions inherent to manifestations of sexism are linked to teaching action, and the effects produced on subjects are beyond the teacher’s control and can cause, for example, embarrassment. In this way, the article contributes to the debate on the denaturalization of gender issues in the presence of humor as a pedagogical strategy in Science classes.

حُببت الدُّعَابَة وبكثير من صورها إلى غالبية النُّفوس البشريَّة، عند جميع الشُّعُوب والطَّبقات الاجتماعيَّة المُتعددة، وكانت مجالًا للتَّرويح عن النَّفس، وأحيانًا وسيلة للمعيشة، وكسب المال، وتنفيسًا لبعض المُشكلات الاجتماعيَّة، والاقتصاديَّة، والسِيَاسِيَّة، والتي لا يجرأ بعض الأشخاص على مواجهتها، فيلجأ بعضهم إلى الالتفاف عليها ومُعالجتها عن طريق السُّخْرِيَة والدُّعَابَة، وقد جُبِل المصريون على حب الدُّعَابَة، وحرص سلاطين الدَّولَة المملوكِيَّة والكثير من أُمرائها وكبار رجالها على تعيين أشخاص- وصفوا بخِفَّة الدَّم، وكثرة المُزاح، وقُدرتهم على إسعاد غيرهم- وتكثر في مصادر التَّاريخ المملوكي الجركسي الإشارات الدَّالة على وجودهم بوفرة في قصور الأُمراء، والوزراء، وبلاط سلاطين المماليك الجراكسة، وقد تبوأ الكثير مِمَّن عمل في وظائف المَسْخَرَة مكانة اجتماعيَّة، وأَدَبِيَّة كبيرة، واستطاعوا أن يُحققوا من عملهم بالسُّخْرِيَة ثروات هائلة، كما أُتيحت لهم العديد من الوظائف الإِدَارِيَّة، والسِّيَاسِيَّة، والعسكَرِيَّة، كرئاسة البعثات، والسِّفَارَات الدُّبلوماسِيَّة خارج الدَّولَة، وتكليفهم بالخروج إلى الحرب، وتولية الوظَائِف الدِّيوانِيَّة، والمالِيَّة، والقضائِيَّة، كوكالة بيت المال، والنَّظر، والحسبة، ونيابة الحُكْم، والقضاء استقلالًا، وغيرها؛ نظرًا لما حققوه من إسعاد مخدوميهم بإدخال البهجة والسُّرور عليهم. Abstract Amusement, in its various forms, has fascinated most humans from different backgrounds and social classes. It has served as a form of recreation, livelihood, and a means to alleviate certain social, economic, and political issues that some individuals dare not confront directly. Instead, they resort to circumventing these issues through sarcasm and humor. Egyptians have long shown a fondness for amusement, and the Mamluk sultans, along with their emirs and notable figures, were keen on appointing individuals renowned for their light-heartedness, humor, and talent for entertaining others. Many historical sources from the Mamluk and Circassian periods confirm that they were widely present in the palaces of princes, viziers, and the courts of Mamluk sultans of Circassian origin. Numerous individuals involved in the entertainment industry achieved significant social and moral status, accumulating vast wealth through their use of sarcasm. Moreover, they were granted various administrative, political, and military positions including leading missions and diplomatic embassies abroad, being assigned to participate in warfare, and assuming positions in the administrative, financial, and judicial sectors, such as the agency of the treasury, administration, calculation (hisba), delegation, independent judicial representation, and other roles. This was due to the joy and delight they brought to their patrons by injecting happiness and pleasure into their lives.

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como as relações de poder se constituem na emergência do sexismo em aulas de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental a partir do uso do humor como estratégia pedagógica. A metodologia consistiu em uma bricolagem engendrada por elementos da etnografia educacional e da análise de discurso. As ferramentas da etnografia utilizadas foram a observação imersiva, a descrição densa e a entrevista semiestruturada. Uma turma de oitavo ano foi acompanhada por dez meses e, em dezoito aulas, o/a docente lançou mão do humor como estratégia pedagógica reverberando em acontecimentos marcados pelo sexismo. A descrição densa dessas aulas passou por uma leitura frisada por princípios da análise do discurso de inspiração foucaultiana. Observou-se que, uma vez instaurado nas aulas, o sexismo promove uma série de afetações sobre os sujeitos e relações de poder marcadas pelo dimorfismo sexual, a rivalidade entre o feminino e masculino e a superioridade do masculino sobre o feminino. As condições inerentes a manifestações do sexismo estão atrelados à ação docente e os efeitos produzidos nos sujeitos escapam do controle do/ professor/a, podendo produzir, por exemplo, constrangimentos. Desse modo, o artigo contribui para o debate sobre a desnaturalização das questões de gênero na presença do humor como estratégia pedagógica em aulas de Ciências.

Abstract Background Creativity in nursing education is crucial for developing practical problem-solving skills, and humor is a valuable tool for stress management and fostering a positive learning environment. This study explored the relationship between creativity and humor among nursing students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 265 convenient undergraduate nursing students aged 20 to 25. The Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS) and the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (MSHS) were used to measure creativity and various aspects of humor. Results Showed a significant positive correlation between humor and creativity (r = 0.238, p

Research on comic strip humor in linguistic studies has yet to be done much by scientists. Comic features that convey messages in pictures and words cause linguists to examine humor more in its verbal elements only. This study's objectives were: 1) creating a transcription method that linguists can use to study comics, 2) analyzing how authors create humor, and 3) describing how to understand the purpose of humor in comic strips. The corpus was a comic strip book entitled The Best of Sazae-san (Hasegawa, 2015). The data were analyzed using linguistics, narrative, and humor theories. The study's results found that the transcription method proposed in this study can translate visual into verbal narratives through three elements: The character, setting, and perspective. This research can also show how comic humor is created with a twist in the form of a punch line that subverts readers' expectations, as well as that comic strips' humor, in addition to aiming to entertain, also criticizes.

Irony is a complex linguistic phenomenon that plays an important role in children’s literature. The use of irony in a children’s literary text opens up new possibilities for interpreting the text and also brings about an important change in the level of reception of the work, as it awakens not only the curiosity of the children but also the interest of the adults. The aim of this paper is to examine the forms of irony based on Erich Kästner’s fairy tale “Puss in Boots” and to discuss the role of morphology and syntax in generating irony. A detailed analysis of the morpho-syntactic elements of irony should show that Kästner’s text can be classified in the category of crosswriting. The paper also deals with the writing style of Kästner. Typical of the German author is that he has often made adaptations of famous works of children’s and young people’s literature. “Till Eulenspiegel”, “Münchhausen” and “Die Schildbürger” are adaptations that show that Kästner is interested in works that have the potential to be humorous. Earlier versions of the fairy tale “Puss in Boots” are also briefly mentioned in this paper to illustrate the popularity of the pre-text. Because Kästner’s text is an adaptation of the fairy tale of the Brothers Grimm, the following important terms are also to be explained: irony, humour and intertextuality. However, the article focuses mainly on the morpho-syntactic peculiarities of Kästner’s adaptation. Different grammatical categories such as modal particles, modal verbs, attributes and punctuation are examined in the paper and this analysis tries to determine to what extent they play a role in the manifestation of irony. Such an analysis opens up new perspectives and possibilities of interpretation of the fairy tale “Puss in Boots” by Kästner.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has been notable in supporting English as an Additional Language (EAL) learners, particularly in offering interactive assessments. AI-driven dialogue systems that produce culturally relevant humor and empathy, bridging the native language (L1) and the target language (L2), have been employed to engage EAL learners more effectively and boost their learning results. However, there's a noticeable gap in research concerning the fusion of humor, empathy, and intercultural dimensions in language learning. Intercultural dimensions encompass acquiring crucial knowledge, communication skills, and the values essential for meaningful interactions across cultures. This case study examines the effectiveness of an AI dialogue system, termed the Multidimensional Approach Culture, Humor, and Empathy Bot (MACHE-Bot), in elevating the English language learning experience and its potential to enhance EAL proficiency. Using convenience sampling, 37 individuals were selected from an English language learning group on Facebook. Following a two-week pilot study, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results revealed that MACHE-Bot adeptly initiated and reciprocated with humor, empathy, and cultural nuances in a manner well-received by participants. Additionally, the study identified five pivotal factors in EAL learning with MACHE-Bot: (1) intercultural dimensions, which include culturally humorous interaction and culturally empathetic support; (2) user trust comprising both affective and cognitive elements; (3) anthropomorphism; (4) reciprocal self-disclosure; and (5) higher engagement and motivation. These five factors collectively contribute to creating an engaging, relatable, and supportive learning environment, facilitating a more natural learning process, and fostering a deeper learner-bot connection, thereby potentially enhancing motivation and investment in the learning process.

AbstractAmid the global COVID-19 pandemic, the use of humor on social media has emerged as a significant area of study. Nevertheless, a thorough analysis that brings together the most recent research on humor related to the pandemic is required. This systematic literature review is designed to conduct a thorough analysis of existing research on COVID-19 humor on social media, specifically its themes and categories, coping mechanisms, effects on confidence in government institutions, and the use of specific linguistic devices. It examines the role of humor in the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a detailed descriptive qualitative analysis of 49 worldwide studies between 2019 and 2022. The findings reveal that humor serves as a coping mechanism, assisting individuals in navigating the challenges and uncertainties of the pandemic, thereby promoting mental well-being. Humor emerged as a powerful tool to critique government actions, uncover inefficiencies, and shape public discourse. Linguistic devices, including wordplay, irony, satire, and parody, play a crucial role in conveying messages and emotions related to the pandemic. However, the review highlights the potential for humor to propagate harmful stereotypes and contribute to discrimination. Future research should explore the cultural and social variations in humor styles, coping mechanisms, and the effectiveness of humor globally.

Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Einfluss von Covid-19-Pandemie auf die Sprache und der Rolle von Sprache bei der Mitgestaltung neuer coronabedingter Realität am Beispiel des Wiener Pandemiealltags und des Wienerischen. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Verwendung dialektaler Lexik in den Werbeslogans, die zum Einhalten der Pandemieregeln, zum Impfen bzw. Auffrischen einer Impfung aufrufen, gelegt. Corona-Neologismen, Stilfiguren, Phraseologismen und expressive Lexik, die in Krisenzeiten verstärkt zum Einsatz kommen, werden vorgestellt sowie Funktionen dialektaler Lexik und die Rolle des Humors erörtert.

Este artículo aborda la incorporación del humor en la enseñanza de idiomas extranjeros, centrándose en la enseñanza de chino como lengua extranjera para hispanohablantes. Comienza con una descripción de la situación actual de la enseñanza de chino y un resumen de la revisión bibliográfica sobre los beneficios del uso de los elementos humorísticos en la enseñanza de idiomas. Con posterioridad, se proporcionan ejemplos concretos, describiendo los elementos lingüísticos, socioculturales o pragmáticos que subyacen a los chistes para generar efectos humorísticos. También se analizan los efectos humorísticos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante la metodología cualitativa, como la observación de los estudiantes, el análisis de sus comentarios y la revisión de grabaciones de clases. Las conclusiones resaltan que el humor contribuye a reducir la ansiedad, mejorar la participación y fomentar la autoconciencia para la corrección en diferentes aspectos lingüísticos. Como conclusión final, se enfatiza la importancia del uso estratégico del humor por parte del profesorado de chino, siguiendo los principios de relevancia, el denominado input comprensible, la contextualización y el uso adecuado del humor. Además, se sugiere el empleo de la lengua materna en los niveles iniciales de la enseñanza de chino.

Introducción: Niveles altos de estrés pueden provocar el burnout con efectos negativos para la persona, siendo más acusado y frecuente en ámbitos laborales como el docente. Asimismo, la inteligencia emocional y el estilo de humor se relacionan con su aparición, duración e intensidad. Objetivo: Analizar este síndrome en docentes, así como el grado de predicción que la inteligencia emocional y los estilos de humor tienen en él. Método: Se utilizará un diseño de tipo predictivo transversal. La muestra se compone de 196 docentes. Resultados: Se encontró una relación entre aspectos de la inteligencia emocional y los estilos de humor con el burnout. El análisis de regresión mostró que la regulación emocional predice en parte el burnout profesional y que la evaluación de las propias emociones y el humor afiliativo explican parte del burnout relacionado con el alumnado. Discusión: La inteligencia emocional, especialmente la relacionada con el uso y la regulación de las emociones, y el estilo de humor adaptativo se relacionan de forma negativa y predicen un menor burnout en los docentes, por lo que estos podrían beneficiarse de la capacitación en inteligencia emocional como parte de las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento.

Este trabalho propõe uma leitura de O Xangô de Baker Street (1995), de Jô Soares, destacando como o texto do escritor brasileiro produz o cômico vinculado a uma série de estratégias, entre elas, a mobilização e a revelação de estereótipos, a sátira social, a representação do grotesco. Para tanto, recorrermos às teorias de Propp (1992), Bergson (1943) e Bakhtin (1993) sobre o riso e suas relações com o contexto social. A ideia é demonstrar como o humor, no romance, produz o questionamento (e a manutenção) de certas hierarquias a partir da ridicularização dos mais distintos personagens, grupos, convenções, atingindo, inclusive, o próprio gênero policial e uma de suas figuras centrais: Sherlock Holmes.

Both the Theory of Affective Intelligence and the Expectancy Violation Theory suggest emotions are crucial in supporting political candidates. However, despite the considerable existing evidence on this topic, the impact of humor-induced emotions has been less explored. In this study, we examine whether positive and negative emotions mediate the effects of politicians’ use of affiliative humor on their likeability and citizen’s intention to vote for them. To do this, we designed an experiment in the context of the Chilean presidential elections of 2021, where two candidates representing extreme opposing ideologies competed for the office of president: Gabriel Boric, from a coalition including the Communist Party, and José Antonio Kast from the extreme-right Republican Party. Both candidates used different campaign techniques, including humor that did not always have political content. The experiment was run prior to the second round of the election with a sample of Chilean voters two months before the election (n = 1,033) and had four conditions: two experimental groups watched a video of a candidate using nonpolitical humor, and two control groups did not. Results indicate that humor boosted both candidates’ likeability and vote probability differently: for Boric, it increased positive emotions; for Kast, it reduced negative emotions. Perceptions of a candidate’s humor predicted higher likeability and declared probability of voting for him, independent of political stance. We discuss these outcomes through ITA and EVT frameworks and their significance for political communication.

IntroductionExtensive research has explored the incorporation of humor in therapy, revealing its potential positive effects on clients’ mental well-being and personal growth. However, limited research exists on how coaching could benefit from humor as an intervention and how its utilization impacts the interaction processes and outcomes for both the coachee and coach. Therefore, our research focuses on the use and effects of spontaneous humor within professional dialogues. This paper aims to extract insights from academic literature on humor in adjacent fields and apply these insights to the context of coaching.MethodsThis paper offers implications for coaching theory and practice, alongside a proposed research agenda. The initial phase involves analyzing reviews on humor in professional contexts, and coaching. Secondly, following the PRISMA guidelines for review, we identified 13 empirical studies, which address the role of humor in counseling, psychotherapy, and mentoring.Results and discussionOur findings suggest that humor serves as a valuable tool for establishing and deepening the working alliance, fostering adaptive coping mechanisms in clients, and enhancing the cognitive and behavioral process. Moreover, humor is shown to be advantageous for professionals in navigating challenging client relationships. These findings hold significance for the realm of coaching practice as well. In light of these insights, we propose the integration of humor use in education toolkits for coaching professionals.

En este texto el autor pretende reivindicar la poesía de un autor que es totalmente desconocido para las nuevas generaciones, Francisco Torres Dávila. Después de que sus textos aparecieran en varias revistas literarias ecuatorianas y publicara dos libros de poesía, Torres Dávila guardó un total silencio literario; dejó de publicar y desapareció, por voluntad propia, del panorama cultural del país. Hace poco se conoció la noticia de su muerte, de ahí la necesidad de recordar su obra literaria, pues sin duda es una de las voces poéticas más importantes de su generación.

El artículo indaga y reflexiona acerca del proceso que hace que los youtubers logren gran difusión, cuestión que lleva a concentrarnos en su dimensión mediática y significante. A partir de dicho propósito, analizamos la producción de Zekiel79 siguiendo el modelo de la circulación hipermediática elaborado por Carlón (2020), el cual permite comprender que el crecimiento de los youtubers no alcanza con estudiar las poéticas de sus videos, sino que deben atenderse al menos a tres niveles de circulación de sentido: 1) la circulación que se da en el sistema que conforma las interacciones entre el youtuber y el colectivo de comunicación hipermediática que conforma; 2) la circulación que se da en las relaciones de interpenetración entre dicho sistema y su entorno; y 3) la circulación que se da en las relaciones intersistémicas entre los medios de comunicación masiva y los medios soportados por Internet y la telefonía.

Audiovisual translation and, more specifically, accessibility, have a fundamental role in the multicultural world we live in. Due to cultural and social diversity, there are groups of people who depend on media accessibility services in order to consume audiovisual products because of their physical impairments, one of these services being audio description for the blind and visually impaired people (AD). The aim of this paper is to provide an approach to how humour and cultural aspects travel in audiovisual comedies, and their influence on how audio described scripts are produced in different countries. For this purpose, we will carry out a corpus analysis comparing the Spanish and the American AD versions of the original comedy film Campeones (Javier Fesser 2018) and its remake Champions (Bobby Farrelly 2023). The main findings of this descriptive study suggest that the AD practice of humorous audiovisual texts in a multicultural context is indeed a complex issue that could be addressed by Relevance Theory (Sperber & Wilson 1986), as suggested by Martínez Sierra (2009), although further research is needed.

El objetivo del artículo es describir las operaciones que transforman al meme en arte. Para ello, se da cuenta de los antecedentes artísticos y mediáticos del género y se analizan tres obras de la artista argentina, Luciana Ponte, que se apropian del meme. Con el estudio se pretende contribuir al conocimiento de los vínculos contemporáneos del arte argentino con el nuevo sistema mediático y lo risible. La perspectiva analítica se desarrolla en una lectura semiótica de las teorías del arte de Goodman y Danto.

In the context of the rapidly evolving AI-generated translation landscape, this study explores the viewer experience of GPT-4-generated humor translations compared to human translations for dubbing purposes. Despite advances in AI technology, challenges persist in capturing the nuances of humor and cultural references, which are essential for effective humor translation. A group of cinephiles was provided with humor dialogues translated using both GPT-4-generated and human translations and were then asked to fill out a questionnaire evaluating five constructs: quality, comprehension, enjoyment, perception, and suggestions for improvement. The results indicate that GPT-4-generated translations can offer an equivalent or superior viewer experience to human translations. However, the results also highlight the potential of GPT-4-generated translation in humor translation and emphasize the need to refine AI algorithms, foster collaboration between AI and human translators, and establish quality standards for AI-generated translations based on audience preferences and evolving trends in humor.

The oversaturation of information flows and the competition among diverse viewpoints underscore the significance of every message that captures the audience’s attention and provokes discussion. Thus, exploring new formats and methods for attracting attention to news agendas, analyzing innovative persuasion techniques, and scrutinizing gaps and overlooked aspects in discussion platforms become particularly crucial in cutting-edge media studies. One such innovative format for news perception and discussion can be found in virtual pseudo-historical public pages on VK. These pages engage with the real socio-political news agenda, stylized as events from different eras such as ancient Rome and 19th-century France. The aim of our research is to identify techniques for attracting attention, encouraging discussion, and persuading audiences in these selected public forums. We analyzed the characteristics of recontextualized news presentations, including the transposition of time and place, renaming key figures and technologies, and the nuances of internal humor on these public pages. A primary focus of these pages is political news, particularly the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, which is metaphorically represented through the lens of the Punic or Napoleonic wars. This juxtaposition of historical and contemporary perspectives enables users to interpret the political agenda differently. This pseudo-historical linguistic play and unique humor bypass critical perception filters, and once readers accept the internal logic of the public pages, they also tend to accept the narratives presented. The ability to comment on posts allows users to engage in the same narrative style, broaden the scope of news discussions, and involve their friends by reposting to their own pages.

Tezrîk, sözlük anlamı olarak şırınga yoluyla bedene sıvı ilaç zerk etme, enjeksiyon yapma manasına gelir. Türkçeye “iğnelemek” şeklinde aktarılabilecek bu kelime aynı zamanda, riya, nifak, yalan; bir kimseye riya, nifak ve yalan nispet etmek manasında da kullanılır. İran edebiyatında bir edebî tür olarak değerlendirilen terim, Türk edebiyatı sahası çalışmalarında ve edebî metinlerde “terzîk (tarzîk)” ve “tirzîk” şeklinde kullanılmıştır. Tezrîk ve terzîk/tirzîk kelimelerinin harf ve vezin bakımından benzerliği dikkate alındığında bu farklılığın kelimedeki “râ” ve “ze” harflerinin takdîm-tehîrinden kaynaklandığı, bu duruma yazma metinlerdeki imlanın sebep olduğu düşünülmektedir. Tezrîk, İran edebiyatında hiciv ve mizahla ilgili bir terim olarak ele alınmıştır. Buna göre tezrîk; vezinsiz, kafiyesiz, anlamsız, özensiz şiirler; Tarzî-i Afşar’ın şiirlerinde görüldüğü üzere, yapma mastarlar gibi kuralsız kelimeler türetilerek yazılan şiirler; şiir ve nesirle yazılabilen edebî bir nakize (parodi) olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Türk edebiyatının edebî eleştiri içerikli kaynaklarından olan tezkirelerde tezrîk kelimesinin, anlamsız söz, şiir, eser şeklinde bir anlamı karşıladığını söylemek mümkündür. Burada anlamsızlıkla nitelenen metinler; kelimenin gerçek manasıyla, bir anlam ifade etmeyen metinler değil de anlam ifade ettiği hâlde geleneğin belirlediği fesahat ve belagat kaidelerine uymayan metinlerdir. Tezkirelerde tezrîk, aynı zamanda hiciv ve mizahla ilgili bir tür adı olarak da kullanılmıştır. Bu makalede tezrîk teriminin tanımı yapılmış, Türk edebiyatındaki okunuş farkına dikkat çekilmiştir. Terimin Türk edebiyatındaki kullanımı için büyük oranda tezkireler referans alınmıştır.

Reseña del libro: Ruiz Gurillo, L. (ed.) (2022). Interactividad en modo humorístico: géneros orales, escritos y tecnológicos. Madrid: Iberoamericana Vervuert, pp. 276, ISBN 978-84-9192-291-9.

Starting from Northrop Frye's claim that one of the main characteristics of satire is the element of humor based on the feeling of the grotesque or absurd, but that satire is a critical presentation of social, political and other situations, this paper discusses the elements of humor and satire in the novel The Bodyguard by Radivoje Bojičić, which is already defined in the title as a "pictorial novel". Although pictorial novels in Serbian literature do not have a long and solid tradition, Bojićič's novel about a bodyguard, who as a kind of anti-hero tells about his life's vocation full of temptations and risks, with strong touches of irony, satire and parody, as well as humor that affirms values contrary to those that are recognizable at first glance, enters the ranks of original and self-contained achievements, thus strengthening the humorous-satirical tradition embodied mostly in the work of Branislav Nušić and of Branko Ćopić. The writer achieves a special dimension of the comic in the novel by using the procedure of comic characterization of the main character, the procedure of comic exaggeration (caricatural, hyperbolic, grotesque), the procedure of inserting intertextual sections, in which the main character parodically refers to well-known phrases, platitudes and quotations from domestic literature and culture, and using a linguistic corpus and terminology appropriate to the world in which the main character found himself, but putting in the foreground precisely the language of the main character and highlighting his origin, social status and special dialectal "literacy". Because of all this, it is possible to read this novel not only as a humorous and satirical piece but also as an ethnopsychological anecdote about a primitive, aggressive and naïve man who must be first in everything - especially in heroism.

This paper proposes a geocritical reading of diasporic identity in the prose of Leila Aboulela, Jhumpa Lahiri and Monica Ali. It starts by looking at the experience of women joining their husbands in the West, their integration (or lack thereof) and the characters’ strategies for maintaining their faith, humor and specific cognitive mechanisms in spite of the culture shock they are facing. My hypothesis is that, instead of conforming to consecrated patterns of cultural interaction – such as assimilation into Western modernity, isolationist rebellion against it or voluntary uprootal – these characters manage to find another way of defining themselves against a new background: namely, they create mental spaces to inhabit, bringing their original homes and their adoptive ones into constant dialogue and subjecting both worlds to a combination of irony and empathy.

Bjørn F. Rørvik og Ragnar Aalbus illustrerte barnebokserie Purriot (2012–2021) følger puslespillkrimmens narrative mal, men bytter ut barnekrimmens sedvanlige protagonister med karakterer som har navn og utseende som grønnsaker, frukt og bær. På et generelt plan kan serien leses som en sjangerparodi (Slettan, 2020). En slik lesning får likevel ikke frem hvordan plantene er fremstilt i ord og bilder, eller hvordan plantehumoren utfolder seg i et sammensatt nettverk av intertekstuelle henvisninger. Med utgangspunkt i kritiske plantestudier, og med støtte i teori om intertekstuell og fonetisk humor, setter denne artikkelen særlig søkelys på fremstillingen av planter i bøkene om Purriot, og undersøker hvordan seriens humoristiske nettverk av plantereferanser er bygget opp og utvikler seg.