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Sida cordifolia and Eupatorium triplinervis have been used traditionally for treatment of various ailments. An in-silico study was carried out to identify the interaction between the selected phytocompounds with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2). The crystal structure of the Bcl2 protein (PDB Id: 4LXD) of Homo sapiens was used as the receptor. The docking was done with AutoDock V 4.0 using twenty-one ligands from both plants and the binding energy was assessed. The binding energy of various phytocompounds were observed to range from -2.74 Kcal/mol to -7.47 Kcal/mol. The standard compound doxorubicin showed a binding energy of -6.95 Kcal/mol. The compound stigmasterol and sitosterol showed binding energies of -7.15 and -7.47 Kcal/mol respectively. Molecular binding of the compounds was strengthened by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Hence the plant extracts can be used to separate promising lead compounds with anticancer activity.

This work describes the fabrication of a carbazole derivative 1 namely (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-((9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)imino)methyl)phenol(1) based colorimetric probe for the selective detection of copper (II) ions. The as-prepared carbazole derivative was characterized using various spectral techniques including UV–visible absorption, Emission, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra. The colorimetric chemosensing potential of the synthesized carbazole derivative 1 to detect Cu2+ ions in a solution of different cations at different emission wavelengths based on photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism was undertaken. In addition, the probe 1 showed significant DPPH scavenging activity. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of the carbazole derivative 1 were also assessed. The selectivity of probe 1 towards Cu2+ ions could be exploited to reduce copper induced toxicity.

Integration of microbiological data and geographical locations is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal patterns of the microbial diversity of an ecosystem. The Geographic Information System (GIS) to map and catalogue the data on the actinobacterial diversity of the Southern Ocean waters was completed through sampling and analysis. Water samples collected at two sampling stations viz. Polar Front 1 (Station 1) and Polar Front 2 (Station 2) during 7th Indian Scientific Expedition to the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean (SOE-2012-13) were used for analysis. At the outset, two different genera of Actinobacteria were recorded at both sampling stations. Streptomyces was the dominanted with the high score (> 60%), followed by Nocardiopsis (< 30%) at both the sampling stations-Polar Front 1 and Polar Front 2-along with other invasive genera such as Agrococcus, Arthrobacter, Cryobacterium, Curtobacterium, Microbacterium, Marisediminicola, Rhodococcus and Kocuria. This data will help to discriminate the diversity and distribution pattern of the Actinobacteria in the Polar Frontal Region of the Southern Ocean waters. It is a novel approach useful for geospatial cataloguing of microbial diversity from extreme niches and in various environmental gradations. Furthermore, this research work will act as the milestone for bioprospecting of microbial communities and their products having potential applications in healthcare, agriculture and beneficial to mankind. Hence, this research work would have significance in creating a database on microbial communities of the Antarctic ecosystem. Keywords: Antarctica, Marine actinobacteria, Southern ocean, GIS, Polar Frontal waters, Microbiome

Introduction: Femoral nerve is an important nerve supplying the lower limb. Variations in the origin and course of femoral nerve are frequently encountered. The knowledge of these is of vital importance for orthopaedic surgeons and anaesthetists to prevent iatrogenic injury and debilitating postoperative complications. Aim: To document the variations in origin and course of femoral nerve and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 specimens by dissecting 25 embalmed adult human cadavers of South Indian population out of which 20 were male and five were female cadavers. The study was conducted by dissection method done in the Department of Anatomy in Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur and Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, T Begur, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India. Results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of the 50 specimens, in 47 specimens femoral nerve was found to be originating normally from dorsal divisions of L2, L3, L4 spinal nerves, whereas in three specimens it was found to be originating from dorsal divisions of L1, L2, L3. In two specimens femoral nerve was seen emerging from behind the psoas major muscle. Conclusion: A good knowledge about the embryological basis and variations in the branching pattern of femoral nerve is essential because of its numerous clinical implications, especially in localising neurological lesions of nerves, for their early and accurate diagnosis and thus preventing iatrogenic anaesthetic complications.