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Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Baihe Wuyao decoction (BWD) on mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and liver damage, and to reveal its underlying mechanism. Methods: Ten of 70 mice were randomly selected as the blank group, and the rest were induced with intra-peritoneally (ip) streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T1DM. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Model group, positive control group and BWD groups (15, 5, 2.5, 1.25 g·kg−1·d−1). The mice in each group were given continuous administration for 6 weeks. The contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum of mice were measured, and the contents of superoxidedismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver tissue homogenate were detected. The pathological changes of mouse liver were observed. The expression of Protein kinase B (AKT) in mouse liver was detected, the mRNA level of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), apoptosis factors including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), Caspase 3 (CASP3) were measured. Results: BWD exhibited a good hepatic protection with ameliorating hepatic pathological morphology in T1DM mice. Compared with the model group, the levels of ALT and AST in each dose group were significantly reduced (P

Tri-block copolymer styrene–butadiene (SBS) is extensively applied in bituminous highway construction due to its high elasticity and excellent weather resistance. With the extension of time, tri-block structural SBS automatically degrades into bi-block structural SB- with some terminal oxygen-containing groups under the comprehensive effects of light, heat, oxygen, etc. In this paper, the effects of aging temperature, aging time and oxygen concentration on the molecular structure of thermo-oxidative aged SBS were mainly investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the correlation between oxygen-containing groups and thermal properties (TG–DTG) was further discussed. The FTIR and XPS results show that rapid decomposition of SBS will occur with increments of aging temperature, aging time and oxygen concentration, and a large number of oxygen-containing groups such as –OH, C=O, –COOH, etc. will be formed during thermo-oxidative aging. In short-term aging, changes in aging temperature and oxygen concentration have a significant impact on the structural damage of SBS. However, in long-term aging, it has no further effect on the molecular structure of SBS or on increasing oxygen concentration. The TG and DTG results indicate that the concentration of substances with low molecular weight gradually increases with the improvement of the degree of aging of the SBS, while the initial decomposition rate increases at the beginning of thermal weightlessness and the decomposition rate slows down in comparison with neat SBS. From the relation between the XPS and TG results, it can be seen that the initial thermal stability of SBS rapidly reduces as the relative concentration of the oxygen-containing groups accumulates around 3%, while the maximum decomposition temperature slowly decreases when the relative concentration of the oxygen-containing groups is more than 3%, due to the difficult damage to strong bonds on the molecular structure of aged SBS.

γ-(2,3-Epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxy silane surface modified layered double hydroxides (KH560-LDHs) were prepared and used to improve the ultraviolet ageing resistance of asphalt. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) indicated that KH560 has been successfully grafted onto the surface of LDHs. The agglomeration of LDHs particles notably reduced after KH560 surface modification according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which implied that the KH560 surface modification was helpful to promote the dispersibility of LDHs in asphalt. Then, the influence of KH560-LDHs and LDHs on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt before and after UV ageing was thoroughly investigated. The storage stability test showed that the difference in softening point (ΔS) of LDHs modified asphalt decreased from 0.6 °C to 0.2 °C at an LDHs content of 1% after KH560 surface modification, and the tendency became more pronounced with the increase of LDH content, indicating that KH560 surface modification could improve the stability of LDHs in asphalt. After UV ageing, the viscous modulus (G’’) of asphalt significantly reduced, and correspondingly, the elastic modulus (G’) and rutting factor (G*/sin δ) rapidly increased. Moreover, the asphaltene increased and the amount of “bee-like” structures of the asphalt decreased. Compared with LDHs, KH560-LDHs obviously restrained performance deterioration of the asphalt, and helped to relieve the variation of the chemical compositions and morphology of asphalt, which suggested that the improvement of KH560-LDHs on UV ageing resistance of asphalt was superior to LDHs.