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Work motivation is an important concept in human resources management that refers to the influence exerted by certain factors on employees, determining their positive or negative actions for the performance of work tasks. Starting from theoretical arguments based on the scientific literature, we proposed as the objective of the research the evaluation of the existing stimulation system in the pre-university education system, aimed at sports teachers. The research tried to determine to what extent the needs described by Maslow are motivating factors for sports teachers in the pre-university environment, but also to identify the main specific constraints that the staff face. At the same time, we aimed to investigate the implications of leadership and organizational culture on the level of motivation.

This study explores the complex relationships between various dimensions of eating behavior regulation and their impact on bulimia and food preoccupation using network analysis. The objective was to identify key regulatory mechanisms that influence bulimic behaviors and food-related obsessions. The study analyzed data from 659 participants, recruited via convenience sampling, using scales that measured intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation, and bulimia and food preoccupation. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships between bulimia and both introjected regulation (r = −0.345, p < 0.001) and external regulation (r = −0.298, p < 0.001). Network analysis highlighted identified regulation and introjected regulation as central nodes with substantial influence over bulimia and food preoccupation, while integrated regulation demonstrated a significant indirect impact. The perception that food is necessary for life and energy, as well as for nourishment, enjoyment, social and cultural relationships, and emotional comfort, was further demonstrated using qualitative thematic analysis. The aforementioned results emphasize the pivotal functions of identified and introjected regulatory mechanisms in shaping conduct associated with food preoccupation and bulimia. According to the study, specific therapies that target these mechanisms may be essential for lowering bulimic symptoms and encouraging better eating practices.

Entrepreneurship's evolving role now extends beyond economic realms to encompass broader societal and environmental imperatives. Sustainable entrepreneurship emerges as a linchpin in addressing contemporary challenges, offering innovative solutions that harmonize economic resilience with environmental and social objectives. Yet, the determinants underpinning individuals' intentions towards sustainable entrepreneurship, particularly within the Algerian context, remain underexplored. Keeping this into consideration, our research endeavours to identify the motivational factors influencing the decision to engage in sustainable entrepreneurial activities among students at the Kolea University Pole.

Entrepreneurship Development has been among the key thrust areas of economic development, however, still, there lies a paucity of information related to the factors that make people, especially the younger generation become entrepreneurs that lead to the education for sustainable development. The younger generation in this study refers to university students. An attempt has been made through this research paper to ascertain the factors influencing the younger generation to become entrepreneurs. In order to expand on the theory of planned behavior framework and clarify the impact of such support on student entrepreneurial ambition, this study embraced the theory of planned behavior perspective in conjunction with perceived family support. The analysis has been performed on a data set of 221 questionnaires and Structural Equation Modelling has been adopted to avail the results using AMOS software. The findings show that MF (Motivational Factors) and FS (Family Support) have a significant effect on the EI (Entrepreneurial Intentions) of the students. It has also been observed that FS (Family Support) intensifies the association between MF (Motivational Factors) and EI (Entrepreneurial Intentions).

ABSTRACTThe consumer attitudes towards how they participate in the disposal of solid waste products is a crucial concern in Ghana. The attribution theory in social psychology emerged in the literature as a paradigm that seeks to explain the consumer attitudes towards solid waste products disposables that are negative and individualistic. This study estimates the motivational factors to consumer attitudes and unlawful disposal of solid waste products in Bono Region of Ghana. The results indicated the direct path dimensions of the analysed hostile aggression was CoE (−0.103), SE (0.040), CR (−2.547), p (0.011), learned helplessness was CoE (0.112), SE (0.052), CR (−2.133), p (0.033), and beliefs was CoE (0.049), SE (0.049), CR (0.988), p (0.323). Beliefs were not significant. However, hostile aggression and learned helplessness were significantly related to the unlawful disposal of solid waste products. The mediation for advertising message type was EST (0.622), SE (0.038), p (0.000) significant indirect effect towards the unlawful disposal of solid waste products and moderation interaction for existential consumer EST (0.002), SE (0.000), CR (70.939), p (0.000) was significant towards the unlawful disposal of solid waste products. The results suggest that many consumers who throw away solid waste products participate in unlawful disposal practices.

This study looks at post-detention migration and focuses on the reasons, challenges and solutions for preventing recidivism and ensuring reintegration into society. This research involves an analysis of the factors influencing the intention to emigrate of criminally sanctioned persons in Romania, the differences between the types of crimes and their impact on the desire to leave the country, as well as the causes of external migration, such as unattractive jobs and inadequate income at the level of the family of origin. The results show that people who have committed crimes against a person are more inclined to emigrate compared to those who have committed crimes against property. Unattractive jobs and insufficient income are also significant factors contributing to the decision to emigrate. This study proposes solutions to facilitate the reintegration of these people into Romanian society and reduce recidivism rates.

Motivation plays a critical role in project management as it affects team performance, project success, and organizational outcomes. The purpose of the review: to study the impact of motivation on the effectiveness of the project, to determine the main factors influencing the motivation in project management and the types of motivation of the project team, as well as methods for managing motivation in project activities. The review covered 44 articles published between January 2019 and February 2023 in the Scopus database, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic and analyzed through a predetermined set of criteria. The results obtained show that project management motivation is a complex and multifaceted process that includes various levels of analysis, including individual, team and organizational factors. Project managers should focus on creating a motivating environment for team members to increase project success. Moreover, intrinsic motivation is a better predictor of task performance than extrinsic motivation. The conducted systematic review contributes to the understanding of motivation in project management and provides a basis for further research on this topic. The results of this review have important implications for project managers, who can use this knowledge to motivate team members and improve project success. Moreover, more research is needed on the motivation behind traditional and agile project teams.

Our article aims to analyze the main influences, experience and affective involvement that impact the consumer behavior of regional wines in Brazil. We used a descriptive quantitative survey. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding of the behavior of choice related to local experiences and what points are essential to involve the consumer with a product, in this case, wine. The Brazilian wine industry has been dealing with tariff disputes between countries, increased number of producers, reduction in consumption per capita and demand for higher quality wines. Our results show that cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors are crucial in this process.

Purpose: is to compare the motivational factors of individual employees and their fulfilment by the employer on the example of employees from companies in different industries. A sub-objective will be to identify the role of employee development as a motivational factor. Method: is conduct the research, a structured questionnaire survey. Paper type: theoretical and practical.

This paper centres on the phenomenon of entrepreneurship emerging from necessity. Through the adoption of a dual methodological approach, the objective is to identify the motivating factors that determine the establishment of businesses driven by necessity in Algeria. The quantitative approach utilizes principal component analysis on a sample of 194 entrepreneurs, while the qualitative approach involves conducting semi-directive interviews with seven entrepreneurs from disadvantaged backgrounds. By employing these methods, the study aims to uncover the primary variables that influence the occurrence of necessity entrepreneurship in Algeria. The findings of this research shed light on the crucial internal and external factors that contribute to necessity entrepreneurship. Remarkably, these results challenge the prevailing dichotomous framework often utilized to differentiate between necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship in research studies.

Despite previous studies on public service motivation among public sector employees, the empirical analysis of the influential contextual conditions that moderate public service motivation’s impact on employees’ work attitudes remains inadequate. Given these limitations, this study examines public service motivation’s effects on public employees’ organizational commitment and investigates how Herzberg’s hygiene and motivation factors moderate the relationship between these aspects in the context of South Korea’s central government. For this, we used the data of 1021 public employees from the Differences in the Values of Different Generations of Public Officials and Organizational Innovation Survey, which the Korea Institute of Public Administration had conducted in 2022. We analyzed the data through hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the results indicated that public service motivation exerts a positive effect on organizational commitment. Specifically, hygiene factors weaken the positive relationship between public service motivation and organizational commitment, while motivation factors have a moderating effect that strengthens said relationship. These findings suggest that, in order to enhance organizational commitment among motivated public employees, human resource management practices should prioritize motivational factors that can enhance job content, meaning, and autonomy instead of solely focusing on providing monetary incentives or improving external conditions.

Background: Nurse motivation is a prerequisite for improved patient outcomes, performance and job satisfaction. There are studies discussed the factors influencing nurses’ motivation and the job performance however little research has been conducted on the factors influencing the career advancement of nurses to nursing management positions which can bridge the gap in this area. Objectives: The aim of the study was to comprehend the intrinsic, extrinsic, and demographic motivation factors that influence nurses’ career advancement into nursing management positions. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, cross sectional and descriptive design. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 158 nurses who were either planning to advance their career in nursing management in the future (131) or working in Saudi Arabian hospitals in nursing management positions (27) at the time of study. A preliminary study was also conducted prior to the main study. A self-administered questionnaire, measured using a 7-point Likert scale was used for the study. The study utilized SPSS-19 software pack and descriptive analysis for analyzing data. Results: The results of the study indicated that the intrinsic motivation factors that influenced the nurses to advance the career into nursing management positions included joy and happiness (p = 0.002), sense of personal accomplishment (p = 0.025), independence in the job (p = 0.010), achievements in life (p = 0.000), freedom of doing the job effectively (p = 0.027), reassurance (p = 0.000), personal satisfaction (p = 0.007), self-esteem (p = 0.012), job discrimination at base-level positions (p = 0.001), responsibility (p = 0.000), and opportunities to use their abilities (p = 0.007). The extrinsic motivation factors that motivated the nurses included the provision of more educational opportunities (p = 0.006), more flexibility in family life (p = 0.001), more suitable for a healthy living (p = 0.022), and opening up more career prospects (p = 0.046), among others. Finally, the demographic factors that motivated nurses included sex (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.000), current nursing job (p = 0.025), and total years of nursing experience (p = 0.018). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that intrinsic, extrinsic and demographic factors motivated nurses to advance their careers into nursing management positions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, the study renders important implications for the career development of nurses in relation to nursing management roles.

This study aims to investigate consumer intention to pay for services in the travel and tourism industry using cryptocurrencies. This research investigates the impact of technology awareness, motivational factors and consumer attitudes on the intention to pay for tourism services using cryptocurrency by analyzing data collected from 794 respondents in the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). The empirical findings support the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and confirm that technology awareness, motivational factors and attitudes towards cryptocurrencies have a statistically significant impact on the intention to use cryptocurrencies to pay for tourism services. The results also suggest that technology awareness has an indirect effect on intention through the mediators of motivational factors and attitude, with motivation indirectly affecting intention through the mediator of attitude towards cryptocurrencies.

The present study aims to extend our understanding of motivational factors that improve the knowledge sharing intention of employees thereby can lead to creating knowledge successfully. Specifically, we aim to extend previous knowledge management research to contribute to both knowledge sharing theory and knowledge creation process with consideration of motivational factors including socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. This study has used quantitative research methodology wherein the data have been collected from 405 students from various universities in Iran using a survey questionnaire. Structural equation modelling has been applied to test the hypotheses of the study. The findings of the study reveal that motivational factors positively influence knowledge sharing and knowledge creation. Results reveal that motivational factors tend to increase the usage of knowledge sharing methods, and consequently, they impact on the creation process of knowledge. Further, motivational factors act as a mediator between knowledge sharing and knowledge creation. This study has limitations that present opportunities for future research. First, the research context covered people from universities only, which limits the generalizability of findings. Second, we did not consider regional cultural differences, which could cause variations in people’ knowledge sharing intention. Future studies can build upon the research models to understand the influence of the cultural factors on other type of organisations. This research contributes to both knowledge sharing theory and knowledge creation process with consideration of motivational factors including socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. Thus, the study provides directions to managers to focus on cognitive social aspects (i.e., motivational factors) to encourage the people to share and create knowledge. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is an early study conducted to examine the influence of motivational factors on knowledge sharing and knowledge creation. This research provides valuable information and guidelines that will be helpful for the managers to consider the important issues during knowledge creation establishment in the universities and organizations which are directly involved with creating knowledge.

Remaining motivated is vital to enable continued focus and success for university students. This study examined motivational factors as a driver for success for first year students at a selected public university in South Africa. The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative research design and participants included 312 first year students from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg who were purposively selected from the 2020 first year Bachelor of Education cohort. Data were collected by means of open-ended survey questions in the first and sixth week of lectures. Alderfer’s Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) theory (1969) and Vroom’s (1964) theories of motivations were used as the analytic framework. The qualitative findings indicated significant reliance by students on external motivating factors as compared to internal motivating factors. In practice, university structures could strengthen orientation programmes for first year students at the university as these programmes would be an external motivator to enable student success.

Motivation plays an essential part in learning, especially in second language acquisition (SLA). This paper investigates the learning motivation of Vietnamese economics-related majors studying English as a Foreign Language (EFL), utilizing Dornyei’s (2005) L2 motivational self-system as the theoretical framework. The subjects were 236 first-year and 99 second-year students. A mixed method research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. The 6-point scale questionnaire was adapted from Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009), including 24 items to explore students’ Ideal L2 Self, the Ought-to L2 Self, the students’ attitudes and their effort in learning English. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS software for Mean, Standard Deviation, and correlations. The open-ended section and focus group interview probed further into the students’ motivation, influencing factors, as well as the student recommendations for stakeholders in order to enhance their motivation to learn English. The study proposes some implications for EFL instructors, curriculum developers, and administrators to promote students’ motivation in English learning.

Agri-preneurship is a solution to many economic problems faced by India in general and agriculturists in particular. It can significantly contribute to rural development. This study seeks to understand the factors which motivate people to start and lead to the success of agripreneurship. Primary data were collected from 60 respondents using a structured interview schedule. It was found that the highest motivational factor for entering into the agripreneurship field was ‘Knowledge about the business’ followed by ‘self-satisfaction’. There was no significant difference among motivational factors with regard to age group.

Agri-preneurship is a solution to many economic problems faced by India in general and agriculturists in particular. It can significantly contribute to rural development. This study seeks to understand the factors which motivate people to start and lead to the success of agripreneurship. Primary data were collected from 60 respondents using a structured interview schedule. It was found that the highest motivational factor for entering into the agripreneurship field was ‘Knowledge about the business’ followed by ‘self-satisfaction’. There was no significant difference among motivational factors with regard to age group.

A top-notch travel experience is vital for boosting a destination's competitiveness. Outbound travel notes of online travel agency capture tourists' experiences and emotions during their journeys, providing valuable insights for understanding tourist consumption behavior and improving tourism service policies. This study analyzes 1,012 travel blogs of Chinese tourists visiting Malaysia using grounded theory methodology. A dual-factor theoretical model is developed through open coding, spindle coding, and selective coding, illustrating the attention allocation problem of outbound tourists in their travel experiences. The study's hygiene factors comprise basic features, management aspects, and transportation components, while motivational factors include cultural elements, resource considerations, emotional factors, media influences, and commercial aspects. Research findings indicate that outbound tourists prioritize motivational factors, such as interpersonal service attributes and inherent emotional components. These factors play a crucial role in stimulating travel motivation and crafting memorable experiences. Moreover, hygiene factors, like infrastructure and security conditions, also impact tourists' experiences and are crucial for reducing dissatisfaction among outbound travelers. These results provide fresh perspectives on the factors influencing outbound tourists' experiences and their focal points during trips. The findings have significant implications for public sectors and industry professionals in tourism. By addressing the motivating and hygiene factors important to outbound tourists, they can enhance and fine-tune tourism service policies, ultimately increasing destination competitiveness. Measures such as improving infrastructure, raising service quality, and amplifying cultural experiences at the destination can all contribute to better travel experiences for tourists.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of determining the motivational factors of high-tech enterprises specialists in Russia and Iran. Labour resources are the main resource for any enterpris, but for enterprises engaged in the production of high-tech products, labour resources are the most important resource on which not only quantitative, but also qualitative indicators of the enterprise depend. In this regard, the article considers methods and tools for evaluating motivational factors of high-tech enterprises specialists. The necessity of studying the motives of specialists in order to increase their productivity and achieve the overall goals of the enterprise has been substantiated. It has been determined that motives and needs have a different nature, their study contributes to a qualitative approach to the motivation system development for employees of the enterprise. The paper carries out a comparative characteristic of the existing systems of employees’ motivation in Iran and Russia, which are based on the requirements of compliance with the labour legislation of the analysed countries. The fundamental differences between the applied incentives of employees of enterprises and organisations in Russia and Iran, which are based on nationality and culture, have been determined. The data presented in the study can be used in the employment of Russians in Iran, taking into account the specific features of working conditions.

Academic writing is a complex and demanding activity in which students have to regulate their (meta)cognitive, motivational, and linguistic processes and self-regulatory writing strategies might serve as a tool to accomplish writing tasks. The research was done as part of a verification of Zimmerman & Risemberg’s (1997) model of self-regulation in writing. Previous research on the relationships between students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) and writing performance has suggested their positive impact. Therefore, this paper attempts to provide insights into Croatian university students’ first/second language (L1/L2) writing performance regarding the SRL strategy use. Students’ written performance in both L1 (Croatian) and L2 (English) was checked, and the contributions of SRL and sociodemographic factors were explored. A total of 104 students from the initial and final years of teacher education study were included in the research. A quantitative research method was used including the following instruments: The learning orientation scale, the Perceived academic control scale, the Croatian version of the values subscale, Writing strategies questionnaire. Descriptive analyses revealed that students’L1/L2 writing proficiency was on average. There was no difference between L1 and L2 writing proficiency. Furthermore, the study showed that students mostly initiated learning goal orientation, writing tasks were valuable to them and they had more results of academic control over the mentioned tasks. Participants mostly used the most effective writing strategy - checking and correcting the text. The final study year students had better L1 writing proficiency compared to the initial study year students. Such results were expected since students were exposed to the extensive L1 academic experience, which was not the case with the exposure to learning English as a foreign language (EFL learning), resulting in a lower level of L2 essay writing proficiency. Success in L1 writing proficiency was explained more by cognitive and less by sociodemographic and motivational factors. The greater academic control over writing assignments and the lower goal orientation on avoiding effort was shown, the greater success was achieved. Success in L2 writing proficiency was mostly explained by cognitive factors, but also significantly by some sociodemographic and motivational factors. The higher GPA in L2 and the less asking for help and writing by the model strategy was employed, the greater success in writing assignments was achieved. The study indicated the importance of mastering SRL, especially cognitive factors in both L1 and L2 learning. The implications of the study were discussed which may benefit L1/L2 teachers to teach their students SRL writing strategies by which students could self-regulate their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours throughout the writing process to achieve academic success.

Orientation: Public health challenges affect doctors’ motivation, retention and service delivery. Understanding their quality of work life will shed light on managing the impact of these challenges. Research purpose: This study aimed to construct an understanding of oncology doctors’ quality of work life in a public hospital. Motivation of the study: Variability in conceptualising quality of work life points to the need for context-specific research to address unique work challenges and employee motivation. Quality of work life is especially relevant in public healthcare oncology units, where job demands are high and resources to support quality medical services are low. Research approach/design and method: The study followed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach and qualitative design. Data were gathered from nine oncology doctors using virtual, semi-structured interviews and analysed through interpretive phenomenological analysis. Main findings: Findings highlight the need to address lower-order needs (hygiene factors) to manage contextual limitations and work–life balance challenges that hamper the quality of work life experience. Higher-order needs (motivational factors) help participants to deal with hygiene factors and facilitate quality of work life. Doctors’ career identity supports their coping in this context and is reflected in commitment to meaningful work and achievement drive. Practical/managerial implications: A holistic quality of work life approach directed at managing lower and higher order needs is proposed, with policies and interventions to ameliorate doctors’ quality of work life experience. Contribution/value-add: The research contributes to the body of knowledge on quality of work life, especially in public health. Recommendations aim to enhance doctors’ motivation and retention in public hospitals, in view of quality patient care.

Objective: To check the motivational factors behind the usage of skin lightening creams and users’ awareness in our setup by constructing a validated questionnaire. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Oct to Nov 2020. Methodology: Two fifty patients who were using skin-lightening creams (SLC) were recruited after the informed consent. Questionnaire was made following seven steps as mentioned in AMEE (Association for Medical Education Europe) guide 87. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Reliability was be checked by Cronbach@. Descriptive statistics of responses including frequencies and percentages were calculated. Exploratory factor analysis of questionnaire was made. Results: Skin lightening cream users had age range from 16-56 years, majority 190 (76%) were females. Out of 158 (63.2%) were married, 180 (72%) well educated and 146 (58.4%) had Fitzpatrick skin type 3-5 predominate. Cronbach alpha of our questionnaire was 0.802. The 5-point likert scale was used to record users’ perceptions in the domains i.e., motivational factors, awareness about product and intentions. Majority, 89 (35.6%) used the product on social media recommendation. Out of 201 (80.4%) developed side effects with telangiectasia and skin thinning being the commonest ones. Out of 88 (35.2%) were using other skin whitening practices besides these creams. Conclusion: False perceptions about fairness and lack of user’s awareness govern the skin lightening practices in our society resulting in increased usage and side effects experienced by users. A mass educational awareness program regarding “skin lightening.........

Construction organizations are challenged with effective management of their human resource (HR) as both are integral to each other. But the state of practice in the developing countries is not encouraging and construction professionals found themselves less motivated and enthusiastic about their job. This pushes to study the motivational needs of construction professionals of different career levels. Therefore, the current study benchmarks the HR practices of the construction industry of Pakistan to measure if there is any difference between what professionals truly value and what they get. In doing so, data was collected from 250 professionals through a questionnaire survey. Results reveal that most of the motivational needs are not gratified and the only stakeholder doing better are clients who’s mid- and end-career professionals feel somewhat satisfied. Practical suggestions are provided to help the construction industry upgrade its HR vision and facilitate its most precious resource.

Truc Thanh Thai,1 Thinh Huu Nguyen,2 Phuong Thu Thi Pham,3 Han Hy Thi Bui,4 Tam Ngoc Minh Bui2 1Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 2Training and Scientific Research Department, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 3Hospital for Rehabilitation - Occupational Diseases at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 4Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi, VietnamCorrespondence: Truc Thanh ThaiFaculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamTel +84 908 381 266Email thaithanhtruc@ump.edu.vnTam Ngoc Minh BuiTraining and Scientific Research Department, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamTel +84 906 951 668Email tam.bnm@umc.edu.vnPurpose: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a crucial resource in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic but are vulnerable to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative psychological consequences. This study evaluated HCWs’ emotions, stressor experiences and coping strategies during the pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs at the University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City. The questionnaire was adapted from the MERS-CoV Staff Questionnaire to measure HCWs’ emotions, stressor experiences and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: Among the 1423 participants eligible in the data analysis, the majority were female (71.1%) with a mean age of 34.2 (standard deviation 7.8) years. While most participants reported that they did their job because of their professionalism and duty as HCWs (87.4%), a high number reported feeling nervous and scared (86.0%). Most participants reported worry about transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to their families or friends (76.6%) and concern that a small mistake or lapse in concentration could infect themselves and others (76.7%). The most common coping strategies were following strict personal protective measures (95.3%), avoiding going out (92.5%) and reading about SARS-CoV-2 (92.3%). Females who had a higher educational level and less than 5-years work experience and those who worked at clinical departments and subclinical departments were more vulnerable.Conclusion: This study indicates an urgent need for psychological support for HCWs, especially for those at high risk of having stress. Interventions and support should utilize psychological resources and approaches effectively to adapt to the new situation during the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: stressor experience, coping strategy, motivational factors, health care worker, COVID-19

The pandemic Covid-19 had been recognized to give a dramatic impact to the health and economic growth of the world. By having an unsecured capital operation to face the challenges, it is hard for the private sectors specially to keep sustained in the industry for the long term. With that, the aim of this study is to identify the impact of motivational factors towards the job sustainability among the private sector employees in Malaysia during the pandemic Covid-19. The motivational factors were divided into work environment, extrinsic benefits, autonomy, and transparency. Based on the survey to the 52 respondents, it showed that all the independent variables have a significant impact to the job sustainability. The result of this study helped the managers of the private sectors identifying the contributing motivational factors to ensure the job sustainability during the pandemic. The Government can structure an initiative to help the private sector employers having a secure economic growth in the unprecedent situation. By having an enriched analysis on the motivational factors to the job sustainability especially in the private sectors, it will be contributed to the body of knowledge. It is hoped that the future study can develop the variables to be examined in the job sustainability and make a comparison between public and private sectors.

Background: The present study aimed to identify teaching styles and determine their correlation with autonomous motivation among the faculty members of two universities in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 faculty members of humanities, basic sciences, engineering, agriculture, and medical sciences departments at Tabriz Universities. The samples were selected through stratified random sampling during the first semester of 2018-19. Research instruments included the Staffordshire Evaluation of Teaching Styles questionnaire, and the Autonomous Motivation for Teaching questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, MANOVA, and Friedman tests in SPSS v.23. All statistical tests were conducted at a significance level of 0.05. Results: A significant difference was found among faculty members in the "all-round flexible and adaptable", "official formal curriculum", "straight facts, no nonsense", and "big conference" styles (p 0.05). There were positive correlations between external motivation on the one hand, and all-round flexible and adaptable, official formal curriculum, and one-off styles on the other (p

Seasonal influenza vaccination is one of the keys to preventing the spread of this disease. The seasonal influenza vaccination rate is very low for the general Slovenian population (the average rate from the 2015/16 season to the 2019/20 season is 4.3%) and also for healthcare employees (between 2009 and 2019, the average vaccination rate among healthcare workers in Slovenia was 12.9%), and it does not ensure sufficient community protection from the disease. At the beginning of the 2016/17 season, the University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL) launched its first-ever occupational health promotion project with the slogan “I don’t pass on the flu! I get vaccinated to protect myself and others.” The goal of the project was to reach as many employees as possible and increase the general vaccination rate because those working in healthcare have a significantly greater risk of catching influenza than the rest of the working population. By being vaccinated, they protect not only themselves and their families against the disease, but also their patients. The project encouraged all employees to receive the free vaccination, especially those groups that had had lower vaccination rates over the past years. The support of the institution’s executive staff and the heads of individual divisions was key to securing the required funds and suitable conditions for carrying out the project. Different communication tools were used in the project. The promotion strategy increased vaccination coverage at the UMCL from under 10.0% to 13.9% in 2016, 20.9% in 2017, 21.7% in 2018, and 30.1% in 2019. Workplace health promotion can make a difference. The examples of good practice have made a substantial difference and will be taken into account in planning and organizing vaccination activities during future influenza seasons. This practical model can be used in other hospital settings as well.

The relevance of the study is that distance learning completely changes the relationship between teacher and student, offering modern opportunities for independent development. However, this type of knowledge acquisition requires self-discipline and high motivation, since the interaction of subjects is gradually changing and involves the overall development of the individual and the shift of emphasis to independent cognitive activity. Unfortunately, a large number of students are not ready to study the material in remote conditions, which is confirmed by a lack of self-discipline and a tendency to disobedient actions. The inappropriate organisation of distance learning for subjects of art disciplines, in particular vocal lessons, makes the educational material uninteresting and contributes to the loss of motivation. For effective work it is important to set tasks correctly and clearly, to cover them with characteristic significance, which should become internally accepted by the student in the future. The purpose of the study is to cover and review the core aspects that are part of the motivation of students of art disciplines, particularly during vocal lessons in distance learning. Learning motivation in the remote form is a prerequisite for productive learning activities. The need for access to quality education with the use of information and electronic means is a basic requirement of the modern educational system. With the rapid change of environment and requirements for distance learning, the lack of information on the impact of motivational elements is becoming an urgent issue. An important area of the innovative integration structure of educational institutions is the information support of students aimed at obtaining quality results. The practical value lies in the search for mechanisms to develop the motivation of art students in distance learning, highlighting the main practical recommendations for increasing motivation in this format of information reproduction, which can be used in further activities

Adventure tourism is one of the relatively new fields of tourism, which has undergone a higher dynamic than the field in general. This study highlights the important factors taken into account by young people when they decide to choose a tourist destination so as to practice one form or another of adventure tourism. The paper completes the previous research done by specialists, synthesizing the factors that characterize adventure tourism. They were identified following a qualitative research, based on in-depth interviews with young people from 32 countries, interested in practicing this form of tourism. The research undertaken determined 16 centralizing factors, which will be used later in a quantitative research, to be validated and to support the design of a statistical-mathematical model for characterizing adventure tourism. Many researchers have described adventure tourism in terms of the unique physical characteristics of the locations where it is practiced. The added value of the current research is the identification of 16 motivational factors that characterize adventure tourism, from the perspective of those who want to practice this relatively new form of tourism. In addition to the motivational factors, the paper also outlines a typical profile of the user of adventure tourism services.

The Covid-19 pandemic pushed the limits and limitations of all educational systems, teachers and students around the world. The solution adopted – distance, online teaching, learning and assessment – has proven to be of a longer duration than initially anticipated, to the frustration of students, parents, and teachers alike. Nonetheless, following a careful analysis of these processes over the last (two) semesters, surprising findings point out to the fact that the digital experience has brought forth, at least at the higher-education level, substantial positive outcomes that cannot be neglected. It has strengthened the digital skills that both students and teachers will need in a technology dominated future and has made the actors of the educational process aware of the constant need for an innovative look and creative approach toward sharing and assimilating the impressive amount of knowledge existent nowadays. The present article aims at discovering both the strengths and the weaknesses, the motivational factors and the technical difficulties that have characterized the recent online educational process; it also inquires to what extent this type of learning will be an integral part of our daily lives in the academia, once the on-site courses will be resumed.

This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings.

A key aspect of the development of Smart Cities involves the efficient and effective management of resources to improve liveability. Achieving this requires large volumes of sensors strategically deployed across urban areas. In many cases, however, it is not feasible to install devices in remote and inaccessible areas, resulting in incomplete data coverage. In such situations, citizens can often play a crucial role in filling this data collection gap. A popular complimentary science to traditional sensor-based data collection is to design Citizen Science (CS) activities in collaboration with citizens and local communities. Such activities are also designed with a feedback loop where the Citizens benefit from their participation by gaining a greater sense of awareness of their local issues while also influencing how the activities can align best with their local contexts. The participation and engagement of citizens are vital and yet often a real challenge in ensuring the long-term continuity of CS projects. In this paper, we explore engagement factors, factors that help keeping engagement high, in technology-centric CS projects where technology is a key enabler to support CS activities. We outline a literature review of exploring and understanding various motivational and engagement factors that influence the participation of citizens in technology-driven CS activities. Based on this literature, we present a mobile-based flood monitoring citizen science application aimed at supporting data collection activities in a real-world CS project as part of an EU project. We discuss the results of a user evaluation of this app, and finally discuss our findings within the context of citizens’ engagement.

Factor analysis of non-financial motivators will be presented through a statistical model whose goal is to group factors. Composing a statistical model implies grouping the factors that determine the contributions of qualitative preference to business efficiency of the whole company. Empirical material is obtained by surveying the target group, and the response pattern to clarify the management problem is factor analysis. The purpose of factor analysis is to rationalize the number of dependent variables of business efficiency in relation to qualitative and quantitative requirements within the surveyed target group. Considering the modern lifestyle, it is reasonable to assume that general dissatisfaction level is increasing every day. This includes professional orientation, working conditions, leisure time management and all levels of interpersonal relationships such as collegial, friendly, partner and family relationships. It is reasonable to assume that within business systems there is a space for recognizing this dimension and its careful analysis that respects the non-economic dimension of employees’ (dis) satisfaction and manages business efficiency in terms of non-economic factors. This paper aims to present thorough analysis of grouped factors that are basically non-financial; they represent a group of spiritual factors that contribute to a better internal climate of the company. All this leads to a prosperous company management that can represent and promote the company in public well.

Introduction. The establishment of Library Science Schools is expected to prepare professionals in library fields. In fact, there are many graduates who choose non-librarian jobs, therefore, it is necessary to examine their rational choices of the jobs. Research methods. This study uses a qualitative narrative to explore the rational choices of seven informants. Data analysis. Data were analysed by summarizing the results of interviews and sorting them based on the topics and presented in a narrative way. Interviews were conducted from April 2019 to March 2020. Results and Discussion. The non-librarian jobs selected were lecturers, heads of academic division, book editors, finance staff, entrepreneurs, and the drafting and reporting staff. The decisions were made by considering opportunities to learn new things, public recognition, income, and job comfort. This study found that some of the knowledge gained from library sciences (management, communication, marketing, classification, and cataloging) can be applied to non-librarian jobs. Conclusion and suggestions. The choice of non-librarian jobs are selected based on considerations for further learning, social appreciation, salary, and environment. The consequence is to learn new knowledge and skills. The results of this study may be a reference for future research on job selection by using rational theory and motivation theory.

Foreign direct investment is a major factor in stimulating economic growth, producing positive effects on the recipient country, both through traditional methods, related to the contribution to the capital stock and increasing the return on investment, and on the productivity of the target economy, and, from this perspective, it is a topical issue. The topicality of the investigated subject is determined by the need to amplify the investment process in the Republic of Moldova as a precondition for accelerating the economic development of the country, which is impossible to achieve without attracting foreign direct investment and improving investment policy in the Republic of Moldova. Promoting an appropriate policy to attract foreign direct investment would help achieve the country’s national development goals by creating jobs, transferring technology, promoting exports, sustainable economic growth and reducing poverty. The purpose of the research is to analyse the trends in the development of foreign direct investment and the determinants of their attraction in the economy of the Republic of Moldova

Objective: To explore the factors which motivate or hamper our youngsters for blood donation and to understand the behavior of youth regarding blood donation through which we can rise voluntary blood donation. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, from Jan 2017 to Sep 2017. Methodology: A self-designed detailed questionnaire was designed, comprised of the demographic status of the subject, various aspects of the attitudes, perceptions, and drives toward blood donation including the questions regarding earlier blood donation, their experience, future planning for blood donation and reasons for not donating the blood. Results: Out of the 789 participants, only 284 (36.01%) were blood donors including 231 (81.39%) males and 53 18.61%) females. Altruism, sense of social responsibility, volunteerism, spiritual pleasure and gaining experience were major factors for blood donation while never asked for donation, objection from elders, fear for the needle, fear of adverse effects, weight gain/loss were the barriers which impede our youngsters for blood donation. Conclusion: Blood donation can be up surged with proper counseling, diminishing out spread myths and false perception among young population of Pakistan.

Objective: To explore the factors which motivate or hamper our youngsters for blood donation and to understand the behavior of youth regarding blood donation through which we can rise voluntary blood donation. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, from Jan 2017 to Sep 2017. Methodology: A self-designed detailed questionnaire was designed, comprised of the demographic status of the subject, various aspects of the attitudes, perceptions, and drives toward blood donation including the questions regarding earlier blood donation, their experience, future planning for blood donation and reasons for not donating the blood. Results: Out of the 789 participants, only 284 (36.01%) were blood donors including 231 (81.39%) males and 53 18.61%) females. Altruism, sense of social responsibility, volunteerism, spiritual pleasure and gaining experience were major factors for blood donation while never asked for donation, objection from elders, fear for the needle, fear of adverse effects, weight gain/loss were the barriers which impede our youngsters for blood donation. Conclusion: Blood donation can be up surged with proper counseling, diminishing out spread myths and false perception among young population of Pakistan.

This study sought to determine the factors that drive the adoption and constrain the non-adoption of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) varieties among farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting sixty sweet potato farmers (thirty adopters and non-adopters each). Participatory tools such as structured interview schedule, key informant interviews and personal observation were employed for quantitative and qualitative data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools like, percentage, mean scores and factor analysis. The results of the study revealed that a greater percent of both adopters and non-adopters of OFSP were males. Although the adopters were older than the non-adopters, they were more educated, cosmopolite, cultivated larger farm sizes, earned more income, had more extension contact and access to credit than the non-adopters. The majority of adopters had high knowledge, while non-adopters had moderate knowledge of OFSP. The adopters were motivated to adopt the OFSP mainly as a result of its pleasant taste, profit from the sale of its roots and vines and not necessarily because of its perceived health benefits of supplementing vitamin A. Perceived constraints to the adoption of OFSP by non-adopters were particularly the complexity of OFSP production techniques and the high cost of OFSP vines and roots. Thus, extension agents should create more sensitisation and provide education about OFSP to farmers. Additionally, concerted efforts should be made by the research institutes to provide adequate and easily accessible inputs (vines and other planting materials) so that more farmers can produce vitamin A rich OFSP.

Being a teacher is a favorite goal lately, in contrary to what happened in the past. This current study aimed at (1) finding out factors that encourage fresh graduates to become EFL teachers, and (2) elaborating the meaning of being EFL teachers. The subjects of this qualitative study were four young EFL teachers who were fresh graduates and became teachers less than a year at different secondary schools in Makassar. To collect data, researchers used in-depth interview technique. Data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) technique. The results of this study found that the motivating factors of being EFL teachers were to help students reach or realize their future, to get life lessons, as the call of the soul, and to enjoy comfort. The meaning of being an EFL teacher found through this research were as a job or profession, as an expression of belief in religion, and the way to feel as parents for students.

Education is one of the necessities for cultivating people and the country. It cannot be separated from human life since it is considered as a life-long learning process without limitation. Students have different reasons, factors, and motivations to study a Master’s Degree. This study aimed at investigating motivational factors that impact Indonesian students to undertake a Master’s Degree in English Education. Mixed methods research design was employed to identify and understand the specific information focusing on students’ motivation. The data were collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Graduate students studying in the first semester of the English Education Master’s Program at Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, participated in this study. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and displayed in the mean score and the level of motivation. The findings indicated that, in general, students were intrinsically motivated in embarking on their Master’s Degree (m=3.99), with a high level of intrinsic motivation. The data from the interviews revealed that at least three motivational factors were influencing students in pursuing a Master’s Degree, namely personal, environmental, and profession-oriented factors. This study provides suggestions for future research.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the strategic importance of motivation in the management process, being well known that the performances obtained at the level of the organization and its prestige depend strongly on the quality of human resources. Human resources have the central place within the organizations at present, starting from the theories that the personnel represented simple means to achieve the proposed goals; we get to learn that they are the organization itself. The employees can be motivated to increase their job performance and increase their level of satisfaction. Depending on the reason behind any action, the performance and satisfaction of employees can reach a high level or, conversely, a very low level. The reason is an internal cause that determines our conduct. Synthesizing a series of factors involved in the motivation of the individual, after completing the study we will be able to understanding better a person's options, eventually to understand the position he will adopt in different situations, or to exert an influence on it and even to better understand the levers through which different situations influence us, it is necessary to we know the mixing of the motives in an action and the relative force of the motives.

The present study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 with the aim of measuring the relationship between motivational-health and external factors on the productivity of human resources in ministry of education in District 6 of Tehran. The method used for collecting data for the research literature review is secondary data, and in the identification section, their assessment tool is field survey. This research is empirical. The questionnaire was developed, distributed and collected based on Herzberg's basic theory. The statistical population of this study was 550 people, based on Krejes and Morgan table, its statistical sample size was 144 people, including all managers and education experts in District 6 of Tehran. The results indicate that among the independent variables, components of human resource development, technological advances, working conditions and salaries, management style, educational policies, relatively weak relationship, interpersonal relationships, human resource growth, nature of work and Productivity, responsibility and stewardship have a strong relationship with the level of productivity and efficiency of human resources. In the descriptive part of the study, motivational-health factors were evaluated as about 51% high and very high, 49 low and very low, and external factors as 53% high and very high and 47% low and very low. It can be said that both components (motivational-health and external factors) are close to each other with a slight difference.

This descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of online learning of Pakistani students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Developing economies such as Pakistan present a unique context to online education as there is limited access to technology, ITC services, and the internet for the general public. This paper integrates the factors affecting the online learning process of students while taking the situational factors as a boundary condition (moderating variable). Data were collected through a Appendix Questionnaire administered to students studying in different universities in Pakistan. Stepwise linear regression and PROCESS Macro by Hayes (2013) was used for data analysis. Results revealed that university support, instructors’ support, and motivational factors predicted the quality of online learning. The situational factors negatively influenced the relationship of instructors’ support and motivational factors and the quality of online learning. University support and the quality of online learning relationships were not moderated by situational factors.

The present study aimed at investigating the motivational factors affecting Iranian learners’ learning of English as a Foreign Language across differing levels of language proficiency. To this end, 110 males and 70 females with an age range of 18–31 took part in the study and a mixed-methods approach was adopted. First, the researchers administered Oxford Placement Test (OPT) to determine the proficiency level of the participants and placed them into three levels of language proficiency. Elementary, intermediate, and advanced. Next, as for the quantitative part of the study, the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMBT) questionnaire was distributed among all the participants to delve into the motivational factors. Finally, a semi-structured interview was conducted to qualitatively probe into EFL learners’ motivational factors affecting their learning of English. It was found that the motivational factors which encouraged EFL learners resulted from either intrinsic or extrinsic tendencies. The recognized intrinsically-based motivational factors were personal enjoyment, social prestige, and being challenged. The extrinsically-oriented factors as the source of motivation to learn English were getting a job, pursuing education, earning more money, traveling to foreign countries, pursuing academic careers, making efficient use of technology, and effectively interacting with native speakers. It was concluded that beginner and intermediate English language learners tended to learn English more based on extrinsic factors whereas advanced learners were found to be more intrinsically motivated.

The major objective of the current study was to find out the impact of motivational factors on the job outcomes of librarians working in HEC-recognized university libraries in Pakistan. A survey research method followed by predictive correlational design was applied to test the constructed hypotheses in this study. The population of the study was library professionals working in the university libraries of Lahore, Pakistan. There were 13 public sector universities and 21 private sector universities. The census sampling technique was used to collect data from the respondents of the 34 universities. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire. Out of 225 respondents, 189 completed questionnaires were received. Hence, the response rate was 84%. The gathered data were analyzed through SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied to find out the impact of motivational and behavioral factors on the job outcomes of information professionals. The findings of the study showed that different types of motivation influenced information professionals to carry out innovative and value-added services in the workplace. Rewards, a sense of honor, an amicable work environment, and autonomy were the key categories of motivation that encouraged information professionals to undertake efficient job performance. Recommendations provided through a framework based on the findings of the study will prove to be a benchmark for policymakers, human resource managers, and heads of institutions in order to formulate such techniques that might motivate information professionals for the implementation of user-centric services.

The specialty "Physical therapy, ergotherapy" was chosen in almost equal gender ratio: women and men. Age category of students 17-21 years. Most enrolled after graduation, and a minority who had previously received specialized secondary education in medical schools and colleges. The most decisive in the choice of profession are the participants of the questioning called various factors. Priority factors most students consider "working conditions", the factor of higher education and prestige of the profession respectively; many respondents enjoy working with people, and the financial side (sallary) matters, more than half of respondents explained the choice of profession of physical therapist with insufficient number of qualified personnel in this field, slightly less than half of respondents chose a related profession with medical profession, and a minority entered the specialty on medical profession, parents' recommendation.