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The robot teacher is a specific type of robot that endows teachers with brand-new connotation. On the one hand, such robots are different from traditional human teachers in that they mainly participate in educational and teaching activities in the form of applications. They are presented in different forms such as physical robots or virtual digital humans. Objectively, they are all robots with teacher characteristics that serve teaching activities and help students develop. On the other hand, as robots with very prominent "teacher-like" characteristics, they are not only an extension of teachers' groups in types, but also a highly intelligent special "subject" similar to teachers. With the progress of science and technology, robot teachers are constantly iterating and upgrading. In the context of a new round of rapid development of artificial intelligence, robot teachers have entered an intelligent era. More and more intelligent robot teachers have entered the field of educational practice. Robot teachers are not only conducive to building a high-quality education system, but also help improve the educational ecological environment, promote the innovation and development of educational theory and practice, and enhance the level of teaching and education. To promote the all-round popularization, application and coordinated development of robot teachers, China should improve legislative construction to create a good application environment for robot teachers; strengthen technical specifications, formulate basic requirements and technical specifications that robot teachers should meet; strengthen theoretical and practical research, and construct teaching methodology for robot teachers adapting to the development of the new era.

The construction of a large-tonnage fleet is an important factor in the development of maritime trade and the economy as a whole. In recent years, Russian shipbuilders have faced a number of problems that negatively affect the pace of socio-economic development of the industry, do not allow to fully use its potential in the production of civilian products. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems in the process of building a large–tonnage fleet in the Russian Federation, to indicate the prospects for the development of the industry. The main content of the conducted research is the analysis of statistical data on the number of ships produced, up-to-date information reflecting the current state of production capacities of shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises in Russia is presented, its own definition of the concept of «large-tonnage vessel» is specified and proposed for further use. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the effective development of large-tonnage shipbuilding in our country is hindered by such problems as: high design and construction costs, a shortage of qualified personnel, lack of intersectoral cooperation, an acute shortage of ship components of domestic production, which negatively affects the pace of development of the industry due to the ban on the supply of products from unfriendly countries, a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets of shipbuilding industry enterprises. The lack of a systematic approach to solving these problems, the insufficient effectiveness of the existing mechanisms of interdepartmental and intersectoral interaction, negatively affect the results of the activities of shipbuilding enterprises and the development of their production potential, both in the current period of time and in the long term. In order to increase the volume of construction of large-tonnage vessels at the shipyards of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to allocate financial resources from the federal budget (or at the expense of the National Welfare Fund of Russia) for the modernization and production capacities of enterprises with the necessary competencies for the construction of large-sized vessels, implement a set of measures aimed at full utilization of production capacities through cooperation, provide preferential financing to manufacturers of ship equipment.

The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates a well-distributed network of charging stations. However, selecting optimal locations for these stations is a complex issue influenced by geographic, demographic, technical, and economic factors. This study aims to fill the gaps in previous research by providing a comprehensive analysis of factors influencing the selection of EV battery charging stations. This research focuses on integrating geographic, demographic, technical, and infrastructure considerations to inform strategic placement decisions. A quantitative approach was employed, using questionnaires distributed to 300 entrepreneurs in Thailand’s EV charging station sector. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the relationships among the influencing factors. The results reveal that technical and infrastructure factors significantly impact economic and financial considerations, which in turn influence the selection of charging stations. Additionally, geographic and demographic factors play a crucial role in shaping economic outcomes and the strategic placement of these stations. A holistic approach that integrates these diverse factors is essential for the strategic deployment of EV charging infrastructure, which supports increased EV adoption and contributes to environmental sustainability.

Nuclear power plants (NPPs) have technical specifications (Tech Specs) to ensure that the equipment and key operating parameters necessary for the safe operation of the power plant are maintained within limiting conditions for operation (LCO) determined by a safety analysis. The LCO of Tech Specs that identify the lowest functional capability of equipment required for safe operation for a facility must be complied for the safe operation of NPP.There have been previous studies to aid in compliance with LCO relevant to rule-based expert systems; however, there is an obvious limit to expert systems for implementing the rules for many situations related to LCO. Therefore, in this study, we present a retrieval methodology for similar LCO cases in determining whether LCO is met or not met. To reflect the natural language processing of NPP features, a domain dictionary was built, and the optimal term frequency-inverse document frequency variant was selected. The retrieval performance was improved by adding a Boolean retrieval model based on terms related to the LCO in addition to the vector space model. The developed domain dictionary and retrieval methodology are expected to be exceedingly useful in determining whether LCO is met.

Background. When designing sensors for new rocket and space technology products, the developer has to solve a number of problems to ensure contradictory requirements for sensor equipment, namely: high measurement accuracy under the influence of harsh destabilizing factors, low power consumption and high noise immunity, ensuring high reliability and quality of equipment, requiring a comprehensive study of design and technological solutions with minimal design time. To solve these problems and eliminate the contradictions between the short development time and the need to ensure high quality of products and their serial availability, the authors applied a comprehensive analysis of the technical level of sensors at the stage of development. Materials and methods. To determine the state of development and identify trends in their development, foreign and domestic linear displacement and rotational speed sensors similar in purpose, operating principle, metrological characteristics, operating conditions and being among the best in technical and economic indicators were selected. The cyclograms of the main unit indicators of linear displacement and rotation frequency sensors were built. Results. As a result of the comprehensive analysis, it was found that the developed linear displacement and rotational speed sensors correspond to the best world analogues in terms of their technical level.

In the context of economic integration, an important factor is increasing the efficiency of rail transport. It depends both on the quality of the transportation process as a whole and on the quality of its individual elements. It is especially worth highlighting the rolling stock, and in particular freight cars, since it is with the car along the route that labor-intensive technological operations are performed, including shunting, technical and commercial maintenance, unscheduled repairs, as well as starting and finishing operations — loading and unloading. Therefore, the efficiency of freight transportation does not depend to a small extent on the quality of cars.In this regard, the article highlights the results of the development of a holistic model for the formation of requirements for freight cars that increase the efficiency of the transportation process, taking into account the features of specific transportation conditions. In this case, a holistic model is applied to the conditions for the export of freights from fields in Western Siberia along the routes of the Northern Latitudinal Railway project.A holistic model for the formation of requirements for the cars of the Northern Latitudinal Railway includes:• operational and functional model, containing the substantiation of the technical and economic parameters of the cars and the model of their operation ranges, taking into account the technological operations performed;• reliability model containing justification of the reliability indicators of cars and the parameters of the system of their maintenance and repair;• model for evaluating and confirming efficiency based on the results of calculating a complex of technical and economic indicators of cars.The holistic model makes it possible to formulate rational requirements for cars of different levels of specialization for specific operating conditions. The model also makes it possible to predict the effects of participants in the transportation process when using cars with given characteristics in specific transportation conditions. This contributes to the use of the principles of dynamic pricing of tariffs, depending not only on the type of freight and the region, but also on the route, distance of transportation and other parameters. As a result, the advantages and competitiveness of rail transport will be provided.

Taking into account the very large sums being spent through the Romanian public procurement system (approximately 8% of the GDP), analysing the award criteria used in the procurement procedures is an important element that influences the achievement of the economic and social efficiency of procurement. The article describes the criteria for public procurement award in Romania, focusing on the most used criterion, namely the lowest price. It also presents the advantages and disadvantages of using this criterion, statistical situations at national and European level, the difficulties encountered in using this criterion by contracting authorities and the vulnerabilities of tenderers participating in the procurement procedures which use for the award the criterion under consideration.

Gillnets are the fishing gear selected by Kendal fishermen particularly in small-scale artisanal fisheries because gillnets need relatively small capital, have easy operation, use medium- or small-sized fishing vessels, and are selective towards catches. Modifications were made by increasing the performance of the fishermen gillnet to get more economical fish catches. This study aims to technically analyze the modified gillnet on the catch composition. The study was conducted in Kendal waters in April 2019 with a 1 GT vessel using a comparative design with experimental fishing. The modified gillnet was a net made from PA multi-monofilament of 0.20 x 10 ply with 4-inch mesh size with the specifications of the mounted length of netting of 50 meters and the mounted height of netting of 5.9 m for one net with a hanging ratio of 0.55. Based on the paired sample t-test results, tcount value = 7.690 is greater than ttable (0.05) = 1.796. H0 is rejected and H1 which states that there is a difference in the number and weight of fish caught by the fishermen gillnet and the modified gillnet is accepted. Dominant species caught by the modified gillnet were Euthynnus affinis which were mostly allowable to catch both caught by the fishermen gillnet (51%) and the modified gillnet (95%) and Scromberomorus commersoni which were mostly not allowable to catch both caught by the fishermen gillnet (89%) and the modified gillnet (64%).

A bottom trawl is a fishing tool that is not recommended by the government to capture demersal fish resources in Pekalongan waters. Therefore, a bottom gillnet is an alternative substitute for bottom trawl fishing gear in catching demersal fish. This study aimed to technically analyze bottom gillnet fishing gear and the composition of its catch in Pekalongan waters. This research was carried out in the waters of Pekalongan in August 2018 with a 3 GT fishing boat. A bottom gillnet is PA Monofilament 0.4 mm; 4 inch with a specification of upper net length by 30 meters, bottom net length by 42 meters, net height by 35 mesh for one piece of net, and a hanging ratio by 0.41. With these specifications, bottom gillnet can capture 3 dominant fish species such as Scomberoides commersonnianus, Pomadasys maculatus, and Plicofollis dussumieri where 50% of the fish are viable to catch.

Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) projects span the entire cycle of industrial plants, from bidding to engineering, construction, and start-up operation and maintenance. Most EPC contractors do not have systematic decision-making tools when bidding for the project; therefore, they rely on manual analysis and experience in evaluating the bidding contract documents, including technical specifications. Oftentimes, they miss or underestimate the presence of technical risk clauses or risk severity, potentially create with a low bid price and tight construction schedule, and eventually experience severe cost overrun or/and completion delays. Through this study, two digital modules, Technical Risk Extraction and Design Parameter Extraction, were developed to extract and analyze risks in the project’s technical specifications based on machine learning and AI algorithms. In the Technical Risk Extraction module, technical risk keywords in the bidding technical specifications are collected, lexiconized, and then extracted through phrase matcher technology, a machine learning natural language processing technique. The Design Parameter Extraction module compares the collected engineering standards’ so-called standard design parameters and the plant owner’s technical requirements on the bid so that a contractor’s engineers can detect the difference between them and negotiate them. As described above, through the two modules, the risk clauses of the technical specifications of the project are extracted, and the risks are detected and reconsidered in the bidding or execution of the project, thereby minimizing project risk and providing a theoretical foundation and system for contractors. As a result of the pilot test performed to verify the performance and validity of the two modules, the design risk extraction accuracy of the system module has a relative advantage of 50 percent or more, compared to the risk extraction accuracy of manual evaluation by engineers. In addition, the speed of the automatic extraction and analysis of the system modules are 80 times faster than the engineer’s manual analysis time, thereby minimizing project loss due to errors or omissions due to design risk analysis during the project bidding period with a set deadline.

The paper contains synopsis of High Speed Rail (HSR) projects in Russia (inclusive of high-speed rolling stock) for the years 1974 - 2014. There are discussed basic outcomes of high-speed EMU trains Sapsan and Allegro operation between Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Helsinki. A strategic study on the implementation of a 1520mm-gauge High Speed Rail network in Russia with the maximum speed up to 400 kph was launched by the JSC RZD in 2013. The paper presents information about Moscow - Yekaterinburg HSR-2 line inclusive of main infrastructure characteristics and applicable technical requirements to the HSR EMU train covering its configuration, vehicle gauge, tractive characteristics, aerodynamics, electrical power supply system and passenger car interiors. The discussed technical requirements were developed and approved by RZD on June 8, 2015. Definition of the high-speed train key parameters and specifications is based upon ingenious method. To decide on the concept of the train and its main technical characteristics there were investigated its recently developed closest analogues with design speed ranging from 360 to 400 kph. Target values of basic parameters were estimated with allowance for the specific requirements imposed to the Russian high speed train in the context of agreed HSR-2 standards. Given that the designing phase of the Moscow - Kazan high speed railway is underway the defined key train parameters and specifications are recommended for use in further calculations. Basic provisions of the paper were first unveiled in 2015 at the 9th UIC World Congress on High Speed Rail in Tokyo.

Pathology departments must rise to new staffing challenges caused by the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and may need to work more flexibly for the foreseeable future. In light of this, many pathologists and departments are considering the merits of remote or home reporting of digital cases. While some individuals have experience of this, little work has been done to determine optimum conditions for home reporting, including technical and training considerations. In this publication produced in response to the pandemic, we provide information regarding risk assessment of home reporting of digital slides, summarize available information on specifications for home reporting computing equipment, and share access to a novel point-of-use quality assurance tool for assessing the suitability of home reporting screens for digital slide diagnosis. We hope this study provides a useful starting point and some practical guidance in a difficult time. This study forms the basis of the guidance issued by the Royal College of Pathologists, available at:https://www.rcpath.org/uploads/assets/626ead77-d7dd-42e1-949988e43dc84c97/RCPath-guidance-for-remote-digital-pathology.pdf.

Based on the analysis of experience with the panzer specialized vehicles and requirements for the protection of this group of material, it‘s suggested the methodological approach for the comparative evaluation of materials for their buildings, which ensures the necessary level of the protection from the effects of damaging factors, to optimize the choice on the basis of the financial cost, quality characteristics and manufacturing technology. In the article as the baseline approach for comparison the armored vehicles body materials buildings, the method of progressive standard has proposed to use. The proposed method can be the basis for creating the specialized software in the field of the searching the rational approaches in the process of upgrading and designing the modern specialized armored vehicles.

Underground, tube, subway or metro are common expressions used to describe a rapid transit system serving urban areas. Such a system uses dedicated rail corridors, can run underground or overground, and often includes tunnels and viaducts. Although there are 148 cities in the world with metro systems, each system is different, in terms of layout, length, capacity, etc., as it serves different geographical and socio-economical areas. In this context, the paper presents four European metro systems (Sofia, Warsaw, Lisbon, and Tyne and Wear), introduces the systems dimensions, rolling stock and ticketing strategies and compares similarities and differences between the systems. The analyses suggest a number of recommendations and improvements, which if implemented, could benefit other metro systems in Europe and beyond.

The increased use of geosynthetics in road constructions has resulted in a need to better understanding of geosynthetics properties for the use in design and quality control. For this purpose, the regulations for use of geosynthetics for road embankments and subgrades were created in Lithuania. It was found that other European countries such as Germany and United Kingdom use not only harmonised European standards, but also has their own regulations for geosynthetics. This study indicates the relationship between regulations in Lithuania and other countries. Calculation conception and regulations for controlling characteristics were introduced first time in Lithuanian road construction market. The use of those regulations will increase the quality of construction and life time of road pavement structures.

Public procurement concentrates large public sector’s purchasing power, and has a significant impact on each country’s economic development. The purpose of public procurement procedure is transparency, non-discrimination and accordance to the principles of fair competition in acquisition of goods, services and works necessary for the smooth functioning of the public administration. Besides, public procurement can be one of the most important instruments for sustainable development and other purposes useful to the whole society and the economy of the country. This article briefly discusses the concept of sustainable public procurement, reveals its main ideas and applications. One of them, the social sphere, was chosen the main object of the research. The possibility to decrease unemployment, to increase an integration of socially vulnerable group, and to achieve other socially-oriented goals through an effective implementation of the social aspect of sustainable public procurement has been illustrated. Thus, the article analyses the concept of social procurement, assesses the current situation in Lithuania, overviews the good practice of other countries and provides recommendations for measures to extend the application of socially oriented procurement.

The aim of technical specifications is the development of quality rating system of canned garlicky tomato in vinegar and tomato sauces with garlic, sugar, salt, and vinegar. The project of the technical specifications is developed for the first time inRussia.