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Each year I wait for two maples at the shore to gild themselves, scullery maids off to the ball. We were in foreign parts, touring the qubbas, the crumbled Alcázar. [...]

Hegemonic masculinity is a fluid concept that varies according to historical period and social and cultural location. While much has been written about hegemonic masculinity as experienced by adult men, research is lacking on hegemonic masculinity in boyhood from an historical perspective. Using a quantitative content analysis of images on the covers of Boy's Life magazine, this study finds three distinct historically specific images of hegemonic American boyhood masculinity: boys who serve their country as patriotic scouts in uniform; boys who admire celebrities, particularly professional athletes; and a branded boyhood in which boys wear brand name products while engaging in sports activities. KEYWORDS boy scouts, Boy's Life, branded masculinity, Introduction In Manhood in America, Kimmel provides an historical analysis of American masculinities by drawing upon a number of media sources such as magazines, television, and political pamphlets to chronicle [...]

This paper argues that men's Halloween costumes do not offer insight on versions of hegemonic and non-hegemonic masculine performativity as much as Halloween costumes tell us about the colonization of masculinity by commercial interests, thus creating yet another version of branded masculinity. The data, from a content analysis of 100 images of men's Halloween costumes, demonstrates the considerable power commercial culture has today in constructing and limiting ideas of American masculinity through licensed/branded costumes. Men's Halloween costumes are not a mere masquerade, an impersonation; rather commercially produced costumes masquerade as consumer 'choice' while simultaneously masking the continued transformation of American masculinity into specific brand products. Keywords', masculinity, Halloween costumes, masquerade, commercialization, branded masculinity, Ideas of masculinity occur within historically specific contexts, thus masculinity carries multiple meanings depending upon context and audience. Horrocks (1995) analyzes several myths of masculinity found in popular culture sites [...]

College professors, Including those in women's studies, are increasingly implementing pedagogical methods that include online social networking tools such as YouTube, Facebook, Friendster, Delicio.us, blogs, etc., to enhance face-to-face discussions [...]

This study assesses the effectiveness of media literacy in the college classroom by comparing two modalities of learning, watching a video versus reading a text. The research questions guiding this project are: as teachers can we facilitate critical awareness among our students in order to alter the way women appropriate media images to evaluate themselves and others? As educators, can we intervene in the 'recruitment process' (Brumberg (2002) phase of eating disorders thus reducing unrealistic body images based upon media imagery? For this study, two specific measures of student learning were used: 1) students' retention of specific factual information and 2) affective changes in students' current body images and ideal body images. Seventy-five, female college students participated in the experimental conditions by either watching a video (Kilbourne, 1995) or reading an article (Kilbourne, 1994) on the relationship between media images and eating disorders. The findings suggest that both text and video are equally useful pedagogical tools for teaching students about specific content information. Furthermore, the video produced a positive affective change in the current body image. This study suggests that even limited exposure to critical media analysis in the college classroom enhances student learning with regard to body image., Researchers estimate that between 1 of 5 and 1 of 11 young women today have an eating disorder (Hersh, 1991; Kilbourne, 1995). The American Psychiatric Association's Work Group on Eating [...]

Homeostasis in the intact organism is achieved implicitly by repeated incremental feedback (inhibitory) and feedforward (stimulatory) adjustments enforced via intermittent signal exchange, In separated systems, neurohormone signals act deterministically on target cells via quantifiable effector-response functions, On the other hand, in vivo interglandular signaling dynamics have not been estimable to date. Indeed, experimentally isolating components of an interactive network definitionally disrupts time-sensitive linkages. We implement and validate analytical reconstruction of endogenous effector-response properties via a composite model comprising (i) a deterministic basic feedback and feedforward ensemble structure; (ii) judicious statistical allowance for possible stochastic variability in individual biologically interpretable dose-response properties; and (iii) the sole data requirement of serially observed concentrations of a paired signal (input) and response (output). Application of this analytical strategy to a prototypical neuroendocrine axis in the conscious uninjected horse, sheep, and human (i) illustrates probabilistic estimation of endogenous effector dose-response properties; and (ii) unmasks statistically vivid (2- to 5-fold) random fluctuations in inferred target-gland responsivity within any given pulse train. In conclusion, balanced mathematical formalism allows one to (i) reconstruct deterministic properties of interglandular signaling in the intact mammal and (ii) quantify apparent signal-response variability over short time scales in vivo. The present proof-of-principle experiments introduce a previously undescribed means to estimate time-evolving signal-response relationships without isotope infusion or pathway disruption.

A qualitative content analysis of the magazine Men's Health was studied to make visible the masculine gender ideas presented in the post-modern America. The multiplicity of masculine gender displays found in contemporary popular culture was exposed as capitalist hegemony in the form of branded masculinities, which was done by multinational companies to increase sales and profits at the expense of any authentic understanding.

The dynamics of barnacle species inhabiting the rocky intertidal zone of central California are analyzed using an advection-diffusion model for barnacle larvae coupled to a space-limited model for barnacle adults. The model explores the link between physical transport processes and the population dynamics of coastal barnacle species and inspects the hypothesis that recruitment events result from the collision of upwelling fronts with the intertidal zone. Initially, a one-dimensional model is presented that incorporates eddy diffusion, offshore advection, and an offshore reflecting boundary representing an upwelling front. Physical movement of the front, in response to fluctuating upwelling, is modeled by varying the position of the reflecting boundary. Results show analytically that populations can sustain only very low levels of offshore flow when not bounded by an offshore front, and that increased advection can cause a population to go extinct. The criterion for population viability is dependent upon the strength of advection and position of the offshore front. The one-dimensional model is subsequently extended to two dimensions to allow for the spatial distribution of both larvae and adults in a more realistic context. Recruitment patterns, adult dynamics, and larval distribution patterns are loosely based on parameters from the study area bounded between the Monterey Peninsula and Point Sur. Upwelling/relaxation events are phenomenologically incorporated into the model by varying the position of the offshore boundary and the magnitude of cross-shelf advection. The analysis shows how the interaction of advective and diffusive processes and the location of the offshore front determines the dynamics of coastal barnacle populations. The two-dimensional model represents the next step toward assimilation of time-dependent remote sensing data and/or linking to numerical circulation models. Key words: advection; barnacle recruitment; diffusion of coastal barnacles; intertidal barnacles; upwelling front., INTRODUCTION A major goal of ecological research is to understand what controls the abundance and distribution of populations, and in turn, to understand how populations and communities might respond to [...]

Analysis of the rhetoric of late nineteenth-century American Populism reveals it to be replete with language, symbolism, and references. Far from being incidental to Populism's basic message, the reli language was an important resource in the movement's ideology. Religious rhetoric, drawn particularl from American 'civil religious' discourse, gave Populism a politically legitimate vocabulary and helped constitute the movement's attempt at striking a balance between individual liberty and commun equality. Religious themes were crucial to the movement's critique of its society and its prescripti better world. We argue that such rhetoric is too often overlooked due to assumptions about Populism' 'economic' message; however, in order to understand Populism as a movement, it is necessary to understand the language with which it presented itself.

Social theorists Pareto, Mosca, and Michels agree that the history of rulership in society is a history of endless succession of different ruling classes. However, elites can exist outside of [...]

Ideas and theories from social psychology are often put to practical use. Sometimes these borrowed concepts and theories are carefully implemented, sometimes they are not. Education is a practical area where social psychology is often applied, sometimes without much care. As an example of the problem, this article examines how educators used self-esteem to justify bilingual education programs for language minority students and whether this application of social psychology is warranted. We find that the postulated effect of bilingual educations on self-esteem does not occur. Also, self-esteem research and theory are misapplied in attempting to justify bilingual education with respect to its supposed effects on self-esteem. Finally, we raise the question of what responsibility the field of social psychology has to correct misapplication of theory and concepts.

Mushrooms and timber are both equally valuable to economic development of Washington state's Olympic Peninsula. Estimates for present net worth in perpetuity were established for both commercial forest products. While timber was found to be one to two times more valuable initially than mushrooms, mushrooms can provide additional income while harvested timber regrows.

The details of an activity that uses blocks to represent cations and anions are discussed. Reports show that many students experience difficulty in mastering the concept of charge balance in ionic compounds, especially when polyatomic ions are introduced. It is concluded that this activity can be used after the periodic table and elemental properties are discussed.

A travel cost model is used to test the effects of wild and prescribed fire on visitation by hikers and mountain bikers in New Mexico. The various benefits that are derived for the mountain bikers by the model are discussed.