1. AID Biology: A pathological and clinical perspective.
- Author
-
Choudhary M, Tamrakar A, Singh AK, Jain M, Jaiswal A, and Kodgire P
- Subjects
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes enzymology, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Chromatin genetics, Chromatin metabolism, Cytidine Deaminase genetics, Cytidine Deaminase metabolism, Enzyme Stability, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Conversion, Genes, Immunoglobulin, Humans, Immune System Diseases enzymology, Immune System Diseases immunology, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Leukemia, B-Cell genetics, Leukemia, B-Cell immunology, Leukemia, B-Cell metabolism, Lymphoma, B-Cell genetics, Lymphoma, B-Cell immunology, Lymphoma, B-Cell metabolism, Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin, Translocation, Genetic, Cytidine Deaminase immunology
- Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), primarily expressed in activated mature B lymphocytes in germinal centers, is the key factor in adaptive immune response against foreign antigens. AID is responsible for producing high-affinity and high-specificity antibodies against an infectious agent, through the physiological DNA alteration processes of antibody genes by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) and functions by deaminating deoxycytidines (dC) to deoxyuridines (dU), thereby introducing point mutations and double-stranded chromosomal breaks (DSBs). The beneficial physiological role of AID in antibody diversification is outweighed by its detrimental role in the genesis of several chronic immune diseases, under non-physiological conditions. This review offers a comprehensive and better understanding of AID biology and its pathological aspects, as well as addresses the challenges involved in AID-related cancer therapeutics, based on various recent advances and evidence available in the literature till date. In this article, we discuss ways through which our interpretation of AID biology may reflect upon novel clinical insights, which could be successfully translated into designing clinical trials and improving patient prognosis and disease management.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF