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Advances in instrumental analysis and new knowledge in biology and medicine have allowed nutritiology and nutrition hygiene: 1) to go from studies of dietary intake of the population and the establishment of standards nutrient and energy needs to ensuring of public health and prevention of diseases by changing the composition and structure of nutrition; 2) to assume that the nutrition includes all the processes of cell and organism vital functions; 3) to develop an individualized nutrition and dietetics purposeful; 4) to evaluate energy value of ontogeny; 5) to ensure food safety at all stages of its manufacture; 6) to combine many disciplines into a single unit to achieve scientific and practical problems. Nutritiology achievements of the 21st century will be based on the development of cell biology as a basis for systematic studies of ontogenetic development of a unicellular or multicellular organism on the external factors, including food. OMICs-disciplines should be used for these purposes in order to understand the physiological meaning of transmission and coding signals to food interaction of genes, proteins, metabolites inside cells or in the organism, to reveal the mechanisms of encoding cell responses to these specific interactions. The nutrition process covers all aspects of life of the cell and organism. Postnatal ontogenetic development of placental mammals has its own specific energy dimension. Consumption of 100 kJ/kg body weight provides 1/50,000 of their ontogeny. A hypothesis of lifespan regulating by changing the rate of ontogenetic development (aging) of organs and tissues of mammals, depending on the amount of energy consumed and food has been offered. Heterochronicity of internal organs and tissues aging depends on the work they are doing and the specific impact on them of food and substances. Research should be directed at identifying the regulatory properties of food substances on pre- and postnatal ontogenetic development of human. This knowledge will serve as a basis for the development of care to ensure the health of the population.

The dynamics of locomotor activity and heat production were studied in rats demonstrating passive and active behavior in the open field test at different time after exposure to acute emotional stress caused by 12-h immobilization during dark hours. The most pronounced changes in behavior and heat production followed by disturbances in circadian rhythms of these parameters were detected within the first 2 days after stress. In contrast to behaviorally active rats, the most significant decrease in locomotor activity and heat production of passive animals subjected to emotional stress was observed during dark hours. Circadian rhythms of behavior and heat production in rats tended to recover on day 3 after immobilization stress. These data illustrate the specificity of metabolic and behavioral changes reflecting the shift of endogenous biological rhythms in individuals with different prognostic resistance to stress at different terms after exposure to negative emotiogenic stimuli.

Proteomic differences in the hippocampus of stress-resistant and stress-sensitive rats were detected on the model of emotional stress. Differential expression of some proteins was detected in animals with different behavioral activity initially and after experimental stress exposure. Specific involvement of the hippocampus in the realization of stress response in animals with different sensitivity to emotional stress was demonstrated.

We studied proteomic features of subcellular fractions from rat hepatocytes and intensity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic free radical oxidation depending on the type of dietary fat during adaptation of animals to modified nutrition. Our results illustrate the formation of specific nutriproteomes in the microsomal and cytosolic fractions of rat hepatocytes (measurement of the macro-component and micro-component composition of diet).

The proteomic features of blood plasma and subcellular fractions of rat hepatocytes were studied during long-term dietary consumption of coenzyme Q10 as the endogenous mediator of antioxidant and energy homeostasis in the cell. Long-term coenzyme Q10 consumption was followed by the formation of specific nutriproteomes of the microsomal and cytosolic fractions of rat hepatocytes.

The proteomic features of the cytosolic and microsomal fractions of rat hepatocytes were studied during long-term dietary consumption of taurine (12 months) as a modulator of energy homeostasis. We identified proteomic markers of the effect of taurine on regulation of cell homeostasis. A protein with unknown biological function was revealed.

We identified individual proteins characterizing starvation-induced metabolic stress. Sustained changes at the level of proteome caused by metabolic stress were demonstrated. Intensified synthesis of S6 kinase ribosomal protein, immunoglobulin lambda light chains, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor was observed in the experimental groups.

Proteomic profile of rat plasma was evaluated under conditions of metabolic stress (5-day starvation) and administration of coenzyme Q10 in doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg. This antioxidant and geroprotector plays a key role in cell metabolism. The expression of some low-molecular-weight proteins in response to treatment with coenzyme Q10 was observed.

Under conditions of metabolic stress induced in Wistar rats by 5-day starvation with subsequent refeeding, supplementation with coenzyme Q10 in doses of 10 and 100 μg/kg of body weight resulted in significant increase in liver weight after the experiment. Percent ratio of liver cell populations was changed, which was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, specific effects of low dose of coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg body weight) on hepatocytes was observed, which manifested in increased number of mitoses and percentage of S-phase cells, enhanced expression of D1 and Rb-protein expression, and reduced percent of apoptotic hepatocytes. Adaptive effects of coenzyme Q10 are associated with enhanced expression of Hsp25, Hsp70, and Hsp90 in hepatocytes during metabolic stress.

Lipoic acid stimulated expression of heat shock proteins 25, 70, and 90 in liver cells of Wistar rats with metabolic stress (5 days of food deprivation followed by complete resumption of nutrition). Lipoic acid in a dose of 25 mg/kg reduced proliferation of hepatic lymphocytes during fasting, while after resumption of feeding it stimulated hepatocyte proliferation due to differentiated regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and Rb protein in these cell populations.

It is established that individual menu, corresponded for personal nutritional need is a key factor for sport success of top athletes. A lot of questions and real approach for formation of the personal menu for top athletes are observed.

There are presented the results of a comparative assessment of the semi-synthetic casein diet, traditionally used by Institute of Nutrition RAMS, and the AIN-93 purified diet, offered by the American Institute of Nutrition, on growth and development of rats. A total of 60 male Wistar rats were used at 90-days experiment, rats were divided into two groups: first group received the semi-synthetic casein diet, the second group--AIN-93 diet. Analysis of integral, hematological and biochemical parameters revealed some differences between groups, but values of all studied parameters were within the physiological norm for Wistar rat. Based on the results of this experiment were suggested a new formulation of a diet for laboratory animals.

Biological effect of natural tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp-NH(2)was evaluated during the ontogeny and in experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (a model of rapid experimental aging) by the sum of metabolic parameters characterizing apoptosis.

The time course of changes in mTOR kinase protein and Akt and HSP70 molecular chaperone in hepatic cells was studied in a model system of metabolic stress (48-h food deprivation with subsequent restoration of normal volume of nutrition) on C57Bl/6 mice. The fluorescence intensity of mTOR protein stained with antibodies decreased in all liver cells during fasting. The expression of mTOR protein in different populations of liver cells was heterogeneous. The percentage of cells with initially high expression of mTOR protein decreased during 48-h food deprivation, while the percentage of cells with low mTOR expression increased. The levels of mTOR, Akt, and HSP70 returned to normal only on day 4 after normalization of nutrition.

Here we present some information on the role of heat shock proteins participate in the metabolic substance nutrients and energy status cells. These proteins provide the significant role in the regulation of digestion as well as metabolism of whole organism.

It was investigated the influence of breads with use of barley, buckwheat and oat flours and barley flakes on postprandial glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was shown that consumption of breads with use of barley and buckwheat flours is accompanied less marked postprandial glycaemic reaction in compared with standard loading of carbohydrates (wheat bread). Also it was noted greater increase of postprandial glycaemia in consumption of bread with use of barley flakes in compared with consumption of wheat bread inclusive equivalent amount of carbohydrates.

The results of toxicologo-hygienic examinations, which were conducted within the framework of integrated medical and biological assessment of genetically modified rootworm Diabrotica spp.-protected maize event MIR604, are presented. Analysis of morphological, hematological, biochemical parameters and system (sensitive) biomarkers has not confirmed any toxic effect of maize event MIR604.

As a result of a survey of 56 patients with chronic renal insufficiency, who undergone hemodialysis, it was established, that clinical condition of patients, biochemical and hematological blood indices as well as results of anthropometric research improve upon application of artificial balanced high-protein premixes -"Nutrinil" and "Nutrien-Nefro". Irrespective of way of administration - introperitoneal ("Nutrinil" solution) or enteral ("Nutrien-Nefro" mixture) protein-energetic insufficiency diminishes or totally disappears, body weight, fat and muscle content of the body weight, as well as indices of whole protein, albumine, lymphocytes, haemoglobin, pH approache the norm. Intraperitoneal way of administration of artificial protein premixes increase patients adherence to this procedure, though enteral way of their administration is more preferable from economic point of view.

Examination composition of amino acid in blood and dialysate by patients with in chronic renal insufficiency by peritoneal dialysis. As it turned out by these patients composition of amino acid in blood and dialysate near. Only variation composition and lowering concentration amino acid with branching chain.

The results of toxicologo-hygienic examinations, which were conducted within the framework of integrated medical and biological assessment of genetically modified rootworm Diabrotica spp.--protected and glyphosate tolerant maize event MON 88017, are presented. Analysis of morphological, hematological, biochemical parameters and system (sensitive) biomarkers has not confirmed any toxic effect of maize event MON 88017.

Energy-proteolysis is the integral part of cell protein turnover Proteolysis controls the quality of protein post-translational modification, folding as well as the structural and functional cell activities. Several proteolytic systems including 26S proteasomes participate in the cell protein degradation. Human diet regulates the rate of protein turnover. Total protein level, amino acid composition, fasting, toxins, etc. modify the receptor expression, signal transduction, factor transcription activity and expression of genes to regulate the cellular response in metabolic stress. Activities of some ATPases are dependent on the nutritional factors. Free amino acid peptides released from proteasomes may control the protein-protein interaction and cellular metabolic pathways.

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil with phospholipids (PL) on the lipid profile of plasma and composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in patients with hypertension and obesity. The results show that after the period of three weeks for each diet the unrefined sunflower oil supplemented with PL (30 gr oil containing 10, 8 gr PL) in diet had more influence on lowering of blood pressure (specially on diastolic BP). This diet reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A 1, apoB and fibrinogen more than the refined sunflower oil diet. This oil presents useful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential PL for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.

An additional fat load, rich in medium chain acids was used to supplement a standard ration of 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis as a test for assessing assimilation and tolerance of lipids. Good tolerance of these acids as well as the lack of negative influence on the exocrine function of pancreas was revealed. This makes expedient to include the acids in ration of patients with chronic pancreatitis with the purpose to increase its energy value.

Modified maize starches having differences in the number of crosscut lacings in the structure, and in the abilities to be gelatinized in the cold water were used: native maize starch "Novation 4600", acetylated adipat di-starch of the cold swelling "Prejeflo CH 20", acetylated adipat di-starch of the cold swelling "Prejeflo CH 40", acetylated adipat di-starch of the hot swelling "Clearam CH 2020". All investigated starches possessed the ability to activate neutrophils and to increase their phagocytosis 2 h after i.p. administration. Four days after i.p. injection, starches and their hydrolyzet starch products were shown to stimulate the neutrophils and lymphocytes into peritoneal cavity. Starch digest products have the more stimulated capacities compared with native compounds that indicates the possible immune activity of starch carbohydrate chain fragments.

Aim of work was to compare the chemical and biological properties of starches modified by adipinic acid acetylation. Starches in question were: native maize starch "Novation 4600"; acetylated adipat di-starch of the cold swelling "Prejeflo CH 20"; acetylated adipat di-starch of the cold swelling "Prejeflo CH 40"; acetylated adipat di-starch of the hot swelling "Clearam CH 2020". The differences between starches were connected with number of cross-cut lacings in the structure, and with abilities to be gelatinized in the cold water. Rate of hydrolysis and water-retaining capacities were higher for cold swelling starches which contained the smaller number of resistance fractions. Acetyl value of cold swelling starches was higher under elevation of cross-cut lacing.

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy by adding phospholipids (5 gr/daily lecithin) and antioxidant agents (90 mg/daily coenzyme Q10) on clinical and biochemical parameters at patients with hypertension I and II stages. At the end of the 4-week period, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, level of the total cholesterol, lipoprotein low density (LDL) and apolipoprotein A1 in their plasma.

Obesity is the bottom of metabolic disease followed the social problem in the high developed countries. Weight loss under the free living conditions requires the prolonged dietitian control. Individual approach to the dietetic recommendations results in the effective and stable weight loss. Instrumental basis for the same recommendations may be the bioimmpedance control for the body fat mass and the active cellular mass. In the present work we used these data to be recommended the dietetic correction for the patients with obesity living at home. Obtained results revealed the correct tactic caused the statistical significant decreasing in the body weight, BMI, body fat mass as well as the active cellular mass in the free living obese patients.

This paper is a review of the recent literature data related to structure, composition and physico-chemical properties of starches as well as the special methods of processing of the starch containing raw sources producing the food products with increasing content of resistant starches. The prognosis is made about usefulness of such resistant starches for control of some metabolic disorder in human organism and for prophylactic aims.

Modified and resistant starches regulate the colon microbiota metabolism and gene expression. This adaptive response allows bacteria to obtain the new enzymes to metabolize the unusual substrates. The potato starches modify the colon residential microorganisms. It was a reason the study the influence of the modified and resistant potato starches on the E. coli lines defected in the gene reparation system. It allows us to estimate the participation of some components of gene reparation system in the adoptive response of bacteria to the chemical compounds. Potato starches in the concentration 1% have been found to be indifferent to the DNA E. coli lines Wp. RecA. PolA [Russian character: see text] UvrA. High amilose notato starch stimulates these lines growth that indicates to its prebiotic canacities.

2-5 months-lingth ambulatory tested hypocaloric diet in patients mith obesity makes for normalization of lipid, hydrocarbon metabolism, as creatinine and uric acid in blood against the background of patients body weight reduction.

A modern pahtogenetic and etiological classification of pancreatic diseases is observed in the review and the questions of dietotherapy concerning the main forms of the disease are under consideration. There are numerous sources given from literature where the question is discussed on the fiber level, quantitative and qualitative structure of the fatty part of the ration in case of chronic pancreatitis. The majority of native and foreign authors consider it inexpedient to reduce fiber lover than 120 g per day, however there is a number of works where it is recommended to increase in the ration the quantity of carbohydrates up to 400 g, reducing some fiber at the same time. There has appeared a number of works for the recent years, where it is recommended to include mixes for enteral nutrition into the diets recommended both for acute and chronic course of the disease. Such diets are emphasized to be well bearable and high effective during the treatment of this disease.

The present investigation was devoted on the processing of program for express analysis of fat products detecting in the Access. The program can to establish nature of milk fat and to give detailed characteristic of combined fat products, including information about technology, used under production of combined fat products and their preferable field of application.

This paper the recent data related to useful nutritional properties of resistant starches which combine the functional features of food fibers and prebiotics. The low glycaemic index of resistant starches, as well as their specific way of metabolism in gastrointestinal tract resulting in production of short-chain fatty acids in large intestine is discussed. The potential medicinal and prophylactic benefits of resistant starches to some disasters are described. The important value of resistant starches in nutrition.

The estimation of efficiency complex dietary therapy with inclusion of phospholipids at patients with essential hypertension I and II stage. It was carried out(spent), that inclusion of 2 grams of lecithin in a diet for 4 weeks rendered positive influence on the clinical presentation of disease, condition antioxidant status in cellular membranes of erythrocytes and some biochemical indexes of lipid metabolism.

Decrease of adaptable opportunities at children from ecologically unsuccessful region with a defective diet is marked. Attributes deceleration, tendencies to leucopenia, lumphopenia, monocytopenia, reduction of the maintenance of hemoglobin are revealed. Change of structurally functional parameters of erithrocyto's membranes, infringement of a parity about and antioxidant processes is typical. Decrease of quality of health causes necessity of realization of improving actions.

The investigation was made of combined fat products quality: spreads, fats used for frying and baking, obtaining in shop. The value of peroxide number and content of cholesterol were determinated. The receiving results detect higher rate of peroxide oxidation products in spreads in compare with fats, used for frying and baking. The needing of taking out information about cholesterol content to label of combined fat product is showed and also severe control of peroxide oxidation values after spreads production.

In 2002 FAO and WHO published a joint appeal to state and public organizations and scientific community to take every effort to control the contents of dioxin and related biphenyls in the environment and food products. The toxic effects of dioxin are realized via its interaction with the Ah-receptor. Here we reviewed modern notions about the structure and functions of Ah-receptor. Particular attention was given to antagonists and agonists of the Ah-receptor, including various flavonoids and resveratrol.

We compared the effects of maize and potato starch on Wistar rats. The level of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation increased in thymic and splenic cells of animals receiving potato starch. The expression of Fas/CD95/Apo-1 apoptosis receptor in lymphocytes and their response to exogenous ceramide was also higher in rats receiving potato starch compared to the reference group. This led to intensification of spontaneous and induced apoptosis and decreased cell content in immune organs. The authors conclude that higher resistance of potato starch to digestive enzymes leads to modification of cell metabolism and induction of ceramide-dependent apoptosis in immune cells.

Caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) are phosphorylated casein-derived peptides which possess the ability to bind and solubilise minerals, such as Ca2+. The high bioavailability of Ca2+ fram milk and dairy products has been attributed to the production of CPPs which are produced following digestion of casein by the action of gastrointestinal proteinases. CPPs, which appear to be resistant to extensive proteolytic degradation, accumulate in the distal small intestine where they are purported to play a role in enhancing the passive absorption of Ca2+ and other trace elements. A recent human feeding tral reported improved Ca2+ and Zn2+ absorption following CPPs incorporation into food. This review summarises the production, characterization and potential applications of CPPs.

Studied a kinetics of an enzymatic hydrolysis of wheaten starches with the different contents of an amylose in conditions in vitro for the comparative characteristic on an enzymatic resistance of new kinds of starches, perspective for possible usage them as raw by production of foodstuff for ill sugar Diabetes. According to outcomes of the conducted researches the resistance of polysaccharides depends not only on the contents of an amylose in a molecule of carbohydrates. By the factors of a resistance of starches it is possible to esteem tertiary pattern of a molecule and availability of a substratum to enzymes.

In clause the given literatures on structures of carbohydrates of vegetables, fruit, berry and nuts are resulted. The role separate carbohydrates and food fiber in ability organisms in discussion.

In the article the new aspects of development of lactose malabsorbtion at children of the first year of life are resulted. The oligosaccharides and glycosydases of female milk have the certain importance in development of this pathology.

The review of literature data on the structure of carbohydrates in local and imported bakery, macaroni and confectionary products is given. The role of separate components of carbohydrates in organism's vital activity is discussed.

The paper discusses the association of present-day human dietary protein requirements with the environment. The fact that chemical and organic contaminants of food and water and a number of physical factors have a negative modulating effect on the structure and properties of human protein structure is beyond question. This additional protein breakdown caused by environmental factors due to intracellular degradation processes in proteins and natural aging should be taken into account in determining human dietary protein requirements in poor ecological regions and situations. Dietary protein supplementation may ensure high protein renewal in the body, thus contributing to effective adaptation to unfavourable environmental factors.

We are introduced the dates on an elemental compositional and physiochemical parameters of oil Silybum Marianum. In this assay we compare oil Silybum Varianum with the most widespread food oils. Presented perspectives of usage oil Silymum Marianym as the food and medical oil.

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with erithritol on dynamic of basal and postprandial glycemia, lipid levels, blood pressure, body weight in 30 patients with type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that supplementation of erithritol (30 g/day) in traditional hypocaloric diet did not decrease the efficacy of dietary therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. After ingestion 30 g erithritol dissolved in 300 ml of water, blood glucose did not show a marked increase in compared with 30 g isomalt (control).

Different absorbtion level is inherent capacities for natural, resistant and hydrolized starches to regulate a volume of non-hydrolyzed starches in colon. This regulates an interaction with intestinal microflora to produce the short chain fatty acids and other bio-active compounds. The T- and B-lymphocyte receptors are targets for starches to disrupt the number and density of plasma membrane receptors CD3, CD4, and CD8. All starches regulate the expression of adhesion molecules LFA-1 and ICAM-1, as well as receptor Mac-1. Maize starch increases the level of spontaneous and ceramide-dependent apoptosis in thymic and spleen cells of experimental animals.

Chemical analysis of genetically modified corns MON 810 resistance to European corn borer and GA 21 tolerance to glyphosphate was performed. Results of these studies showed that there is no difference between genetically modified and conventional corn products.

The article of discussion character is devoted to a problem of adequacy of breast milk substitutes to a true breast milk composition. The data on a multiple composition of breast milk including both nutrients and factors of growth--biologically active substances of breast milk are resulted. In paper was accentuated that the solution of a problem of adequate nutrition of children during first year of life in the first place is connected to propagation of need of breast feeding, health nutrition of mother in the pregnancy period and breast feeding and also with further adaptation of breast milk substitutes with the count of physiological need of infant organism in a wide diversification macro- and micro-nutrients. In this connection it is important to take into account not only indispensable nutrients (indispensable amino acids, fatty acids, mineral substances and trace elements), but also wide quantity of trace components of milk with the expressed biological activity, indispensable for normal development of a children[symbol: see text]s organism in early age.?