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West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally widespread arthropod-borne virus that poses a significant public health concern. Mosquitoes transmit the virus in an enzootic cycle among birds, which act as reservoirs. Climate plays a crucial role in these outbreaks as mosquitoes are highly influenced by climatic conditions, and bird migrations are also affected by weather patterns. Consequently, changes in climate can potentially impact the occurrence of WNV outbreaks. We used biogeographic modelling based on machine learning algorithms and fuzzy logic to analyse and evaluate separately the risk of WNV outbreaks in two different biogeographic regions, the Afrotropical and the Western Palaearctic region. By employing fuzzy logic tools, we constructed a comprehensive risk model that integrates the Afro-Palaearctic system as a unified operational unit for WNV spread. This innovative approach recognizes the Afro-Palaearctic region as a pathogeographic system, characterized by biannual connections facilitated by billions of migratory bird reservoirs carrying the disease. Subsequently, we forecasted the effects of different climate change scenarios on the spread of WNV in the Afro-Palaearctic system for the years 2040 and 2070. Our findings revealed an increasing epidemic and epizootic risk south of the Sahara. However, the area where an upsurge in risk was forecasted the most lies within Europe, with the anticipation of risk expansion into regions presently situated beyond the virus' distribution range, including central and northern Europe. Gaining insight into the risk within the Afro-Palaearctic system is crucial for establishing coordinated and international One Health surveillance efforts. This becomes particularly relevant in the face of ongoing climate change, which disrupts the ecological equilibrium among vectors, reservoirs, and human populations. We show that the application of biogeographical tools to assess risk of infectious disease, i.e. pathogeography, is a promising

Transformer-based language models are treated as black-boxes because of their large number of parameters and complex internal interactions, which is a serious safety concern. Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) intends to reverse-engineer neural network behaviors in terms of human-understandable components. In this work, we focus on understanding how GPT-2 Small performs the task of predicting three-letter acronyms. Previous works in the MI field have focused so far on tasks that predict a single token. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that tries to mechanistically understand a behavior involving the prediction of multiple consecutive tokens. We discover that the prediction is performed by a circuit composed of 8 attention heads (~5% of the total heads) which we classified in three groups according to their role. We also demonstrate that these heads concentrate the acronym prediction functionality. In addition, we mechanistically interpret the most relevant heads of the circuit and find out that they use positional information which is propagated via the causal mask mechanism. We expect this work to lay the foundation for understanding more complex behaviors involving multiple-token predictions.

Theme is the concept on which the exchanges of opinions revolve or is the axis around which they revolve. Theme appears as a member of the Thema/Rema dichotomy; the topic defines the informative progression of the deliberation. Ortega y Gasset, with the expression The theme of our time, made reference to a discursive purpose, which can be a symptom or an indication, of the state of affairs in a cultural age. According to him, in our time, one theme consists of making reason move towards vitality and locating it within the biological. We will explore the relevance given to the transitions between science and humanities, interpretable as a New Enlightenment. The idea that culture is a vital need for the human species will be reinforced. In this framework of interpretation, upbringing, educational practices, the cardinal role of teaching as an essential mechanism of culture and the concept of «education» show all their anthropological relevance, with women being the key protagonist. The dominance of the abstract terms learning, information, even culture, generate a certain emptying of the pedagogical and educational significance that hides at the core of cultural evolution., Tema es el concepto sobre el que versan, o es eje sobre el que giran, los intercambios de opiniones. Tema aparece como miembro de la dicotomía Tema/Rema; el tema delimita la progresión informativa de la deliberación. Ortega y Gasset, con la expresión El tema de nuestro tiempo, hacía referencia a un propósito discursivo, que puede ser síntoma o indicio, del estado de cosas en una época cultural. Según él, en nuestro tiempo, un tema consiste en hacer transitar la razón hacia la vitalidad y localizarla dentro de lo biológico. Haremos una exploración sobre la relevancia otorgada a las transiciones entre ciencias y humanidades, interpretables como una Nueva Ilustración. Quedará reforzada la idea de que la cultura constituye una necesidad vital para la especie humana. En ese marco de interpretación muestra toda su relevancia antropológica la crianza, las prácticas educativas, el papel cardinal de la enseñanza como mecanismo esencial de la cultura y el concepto «educación», siendo la mujer protagonista clave. La dominancia de los términos abstractos aprendizaje, información, incluso cultura, generan cierto vaciamiento de la significación pedagógica y educativa que se esconde en el núcleo de la evolución cultural.

The version of record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17483026231186012, The aim is to analyse that, during the current pandemic situation, the reduction in the number of cases of influenza suggests that the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) applied to contain the expansion of SARS-CoV-2 also affect the influenza expansion. We analyse the interaction of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 spread based on an extended SEIRD model for the Catalonia region in Spain. We show that the dynamic evolution of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza generates a small interference. This interference causes a small reduction in the number of cases of seasonal influenza, reducing its expansion over the population. Other elements like the face mask mandates, social distancing and hand cleaning boost the reduction in both expansions. Influenza expansion will present a small reduction in the number of cases due to the interaction with SARS-CoV-2 expansion but mainly because the NPIs applied to the population., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar::3.d - Reforçar la capacitat de tots els països, en particular els països en desenvolupament, en matèria d’alerta primerenca, reducció de riscos i gestió dels riscos per a la salut nacional i mundial, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Fonseca, P., Garcia, J. and Garcia, V., 2023. Modeling SARS-CoV-2 true infections in Catalonia through a digital twin. Advanced theory and simulations, (2200917), which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adts.202200917. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited., A dynamic view of the evolution of the infections of SARS-CoV-2 in Cataloniausing a Digital Twin approach that forecasts the true infection curve ispresented. The forecast model incorporates the vaccination process, theconfinement, and the detection rate, and virtually allows to consider anynonpharmaceutical intervention, enabling to understand their effects on thedisease’s containment while forecasting the trend of the pandemic. Acontinuous validation process of the model is performed using real data andan optimization model that automatically provides information regarding theeffects of the containment actions on the population. To simplify thisvalidation process, a formal graphical language that simplifies the interactionwith the different specialists and an easy modification of the modelparameters are used. The Digital Twin of the pandemic in Catalonia provides aforecast of the future trend of the SARS-CoV-2 spread and informationregarding the true cases and effectiveness of the NPIs to control theSARS-CoV-2 spread over the population. This approach can be applied easilyto other regions and can become an excellent tool for decision-making., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)

Around a third of the total population of Europe suffers from mental disorders. The use of electroencephalography (EEG) together with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to diagnose mental disorders has recently been shown to be a prominent research area, as exposed by several reviews focused on the field. Nevertheless, previous to the application of ML algorithms, EEG data should be correctly preprocessed and prepared via Feature Engineering (FE). In fact, the choice of FE techniques can make the difference between an unusable ML model and a simple, effective model. In other words, it can be said that FE is crucial, especially when using complex, non-stationary data such as EEG. To this aim, in this paper we present a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) focused on FE from EEG data used to identify mental disorders. Our SMS covers more than 900 papers, making it one of the most comprehensive to date, to the best of our knowledge. We gathered the mental disorder addressed, all the FE techniques used, and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm applied for classification from each paper. Our main contributions are: (i) we offer a starting point for new researchers on these topics, (ii) we extract the most used FE techniques to classify mental disorders, (iii) we show several graphical distributions of all used techniques, and (iv) we provide critical conclusions for detecting mental disorders. To provide a better overview of existing techniques, the FE process is divided into three parts: (i) signal transformation, (ii) feature extraction, and (iii) feature selection. Moreover, we classify and analyze the distribution of existing papers according to the mental disorder they treat, the FE processes used, and the ML techniques applied. As a result, we provide a valuable reference for the scientific community to identify which techniques have been proven and tested and where the gaps are located in the current state of the art.

INTRODUCCIÓN. La perspectiva interdisciplinar parece imprescindible para justificar la relevancia biopsicológica de los procesos de transmisión cultural en la filogenia humana. Cada vez aparecen más argumentos que avalan la evolución de los mecanismos atencionales como claves en el proceso de humanización. Investigar las inferencias que sobre la evolución de esos mecanismos aporta el conocimiento científico puede ser de ayuda para la mejor comprensión de los procesos educativos y fuente de iniciativas en la práctica pedagógica. MÉTODO. Rastreamos en los informes científicos el rol del prestar atención en el espacio global de trabajo donde se evidencia el desarrollo de la mente. RESULTADOS. Todo el proceso formativo depende de la calidad del intercambio atencional entre los actores del escenario pedagógico. Tal vez, incluso, fuese el sistema atencional el espacio mental donde evolucionó la consciencia. DISCUSIÓN. En la actualidad, muchos neurocientíficos, entre ellos Stanislas Dehaene, están contribuyendo a reforzar la importancia del prestar atención en la emergencia de la mente y en el sostenimiento de la calidad de la experiencia cultural y, en definitiva, de la calidad de vida. Así, la indagación en torno a los indicios etológicos de la evolución de la atención conjunta, la complejidad funcional del sistema atencional y su papel en la emergencia de la experiencia consciente humana puede constituir un capítulo clave para la antropología de la educación.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally significant vector-borne disease that is primarily transmitted between birds and mosquitoes. Recently, there has been an increase in WNV in southern Europe, with new cases reported in more northern regions. Bird migration plays a crucial role in the introduction of WNV in distant areas. To better understand and address this complex issue, we adopted a One Health approach, integrating clinical, zoological, and ecological data. We analyzed the role of migratory birds in the Palaearctic-African region in the spread of WNV across Africa and Europe. We categorized bird species into breeding and wintering chorotypes based on their distribution during the breeding season in the Western Palaearctic and the wintering season in the Afrotropical region, respectively. By linking these chorotypes to the occurrence of WNV outbreaks in both continents throughout the annual bird migration cycle, we investigated the relationship between migratory patterns and virus spread. We demonstrate that WNV-risk areas are interconnected through the migration of birds. We identified a total of 61 species that potentially contribute to the intercontinental spread of the virus or its variants, as well as pinpointed high-risk areas for future outbreaks. This interdisciplinary approach, which considers the interconnectedness of animals, humans, and ecosystems, represents a pioneering effort to establish connections between zoonotic diseases across continents. The findings of our study can aid in anticipating the arrival of new WNV strains and predicting the occurrence of other re-emerging diseases. By incorporating various disciplines, we can enhance our understanding of these complex dynamics and provide valuable insights for proactive and comprehensive disease management strategies.

La gran labor que hacen las abejas en el proceso de polinización, es un tema desconocido por la gran mayoría de personas. Además, dicho tema no se está trabajando con ímpetu en las aulas de Educación Primaria, y mucho menos en etapas superiores. Con esta investigación, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio tanto en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla como en niños de Educación Primaria de un centro escolar público de Sevilla, con el fin de averiguar cuáles son sus conocimientos (previos y finales) sobre las abejas y la polinización. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un cuestionario inicial y final, junto con sesiones formativas que han ayudado al alumnado a conocer y a interesarse por este tema., The great work that bees do in the pollination process is a subject unknown by mostpeople. Additionally, this topic is not being worked on with vigour in Primary Education classrooms, and less in higher stages. In this research, a study has been carried out withstudents of the Faculty of Educationof the University of Seville and withpupils of PrimaryEducationof a school in Sevilla, in order to find out what their knowledges (previous and final) about bees and pollination process is. For this, an initial and final survey has been developed, along with training sessions that have helped students to learn about it and become interested in this topic.

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado es una investigación sobre la implicación de la familia en la escuela, donde se estudia y analiza el papel de los tres grupos que conforma el núcleo central del trabajo: familia, docentes y alumnos. Para fundamentar esta investigación, se ha realizado un análisis teórico sobre la importancia de la implicación de la familia para potenciar el desarrollo educativo en los estudiantes. Tanto la revisión de los estudios como los resultados obtenidos de las entrevistas y cuestionarios realizados, han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la colaboración y participación de las familias para que se dé un buen desarrollo educativo en los alumnos. También, se ha estudiado cómo aquellas familias más implicadas, consiguen que sus hijos se sientan más motivados e interesados por los estudios, además de conseguir un ambiente cálido entre docente-familia-alumnos, The Final Degree Project is an investigation on the involvement of the family in the school, where the role of the three groups that make up the central nucleus of the work is studied and analyzed: family, teachers and students. To support this research, a theoretical analysis has been carried out on the importance of family involvement to enhace educational development in students. Both the review of the studies and the results obtained from the interviews and questionnaires carried out have highlighted the importance of the collaboration and participation of the families so thaht a good educational development is given to the students. Also, it has been studied how those families that are more involved, make their children feel more motivated and interested in studies, in addition to achieving a warm athmosphere between teacher-family-students.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the key drivers for the next decade. As important decisions are increasingly supported or directly made by AI systems, concerns regarding the rationale and fairness in their outputs are becoming more and more prominent nowadays. Following the recent interest in fairer predictions, several metrics for measuring fairness have been proposed, leading to different objectives which may need to be addressed in different fashion. In this paper, we propose (i) a methodology for analyzing and improving fairness in AI predictions by selecting sensitive attributes that should be protected; (ii) We analyze how the most common rebalance approaches affect the fairness of AI predictions and how they compare to the alternatives of removing or creating separate classifiers for each group within a protected attribute. Finally, (iii) our methodology generates a set of tables that can be easily computed for choosing the best alternative in each particular case. The main advantage of our methodology is that it allows AI practitioners to measure and improve fairness in AI algorithms in a systematic way. In order to check our proposal, we have properly applied it to the COMPAS dataset, which has been widely demonstrated to be biased by several previous studies.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms become widespread, concerns rise regarding their potential discrimination using protected attributes such as race, sex, or age among others. Fairness is a quality highly desired by society, however, it can be really difficult to achieve. Identifying protected attributes and trying to maintain fairness is both an important as well as a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a dynamic framework that considers the project context together with law modeling in order to identify protected attributes that threaten the fairness of AI models. This leads to a conscious evaluation of both the accuracy and fairness of the AI solutions developed. To this aim, we propose to model legal requirements by using Nòmos 3, which allows us to capture the legal requirements that should be fulfilled into legal contexts that can be loaded into our framework. By following our proposal we (i) map the duties in legal requirements to attributes in the used dataset, identifying protected attributes and providing traceability, (ii) help users in the selection of the definition of fairness that best suits the context at hand, (iii) represent the output of AI models visually in order to allow users to interpret how correct and fair are the decisions achieved by the model. To show the applicability of our proposal, we exemplify its application through a illustrative use case.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the key drivers for the next decade. As important decisions are increasingly supported or directly made by AI systems, concerns regarding the rationale and fairness in their outputs are becoming more and more prominent nowadays. Following the recent interest in fairer predictions, several metrics for measuring fairness have been proposed, leading to different objectives which may need to be addressed in different fashion. In this paper, we propose (i) a methodology for analyzing and improving fairness in AI predictions by selecting sensitive attributes that should be protected; (ii) We analyze how the most common rebalance approaches affect the fairness of AI predictions and how they compare to the alternatives of removing or creating separate classifiers for each group within a protected attribute. Finally, (iii) our methodology generates a set of tables that can be easily computed for choosing the best alternative in each particular case. The main advantage of our methodology is that it allows AI practitioners to measure and improve fairness in AI algorithms in a systematic way. In order to check our proposal, we have properly applied it to the COMPAS dataset, which has been widely demonstrated to be biased by several previous studies.

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., We define interrelated models to simulate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonia, which can be used to effectively build simulation applications and analyze the effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions. Due to the constant evolution of this pandemic, and the need to take a multidisciplinary approach, we use a formal specification to represent the model and to validate the model assumptions. We discuss the definition of the model using formal languages, and the Specification and Description Language to improve communication between stakeholders. We show formalization details, discuss implications in the validation process, and present how results obtained from the model of the pandemic in Catalonia can be used for decision-making., Peer Reviewed, Preprint

En la evolución del hombre, desde los ancestros más antiguos como fue Ardipithecus ramidus, hasta hoy en día con el Homo sapiens, los análisis antropométricos no solo han englobado restos óseos, sino que la morfología dentaria ha tenido un gran aporte de datos, los cuales han ayudado a entender de manera más efectiva el proceso evolutivo del ser humano para con sus relaciones filogenéticas, que se han ido produciendo a lo largo de estos años.Objetivo: Estudiar los rasgos dentarios no métricos en población española contemporánea. Material y métodos: La colección estudiada se encuentra formada por unos 300 individuos adultos procedentes de diversos cementerios de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, de la época contemporánea y tronco ancestral caucásico, conservados en la Escuela de Medicina Legal de Madrid. La muestra seleccionada se compone de 40 individuos adultos, los cuales fueron seleccionados a partir de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión del estudio. La metodología utilizada ha sido la metodología ASUDAS (Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System).Resultados: Se han obtenido resultados para 18 variables de rasgos métricos discretos, de los cuales se han valorado las frecuencias con las que aparecen y determinado las correlaciones para el patrón dental de la muestra según el perfil ancestral caucásico.Discusión: Hemos comparado los resultados de nuestro estudio, con los de estudios similares según la bibliografía disponible. Los estudios de Moreno (2001), Sívoli (2009) y Lunini (2019) establecen perfiles de rasgos dentarios no métricos para poblaciones caucásicas españolas y de la zona mediterránea. Los hallazgos encontrados en estos estudios coinciden, en general con los resultados de nuestra muestra, enmarcándose en el patrón de rasgos dentarios no métricos de las poblaciones caucásicas. Conclusión: El patrón de rasgos no métricos de población española contemporánea, según nuestra muestra, se ajusta, en general, al patrón de rasgos dentarios no m, In the evolution of man, from the most ancient ancestors such as Ardipithecus ramidus, to the present day with Homo sapiens, anthropometric analyses have not only encompassed bone remains, but dental morphology has had a great contribution of data, which have helped to understand more effectively the evolutionary process of human beings and their phylogenetic relationships, which have been occurring over the years. Objective: To study non-metric dental traits in a contemporary Spanish population.Material and methods: The studied collection is formed by 300 adult individuals from different cemeteries of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, from the contemporary period and Caucasian ancestral stock, preserved in the School of Legal Medicine of Madrid. The selected sample is composed of 40 adult individuals, which were selected on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The methodology used was the ASUDAS methodology (Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System).Results: Results were obtained for 18 discrete metric trait variables, of which the frequencies with which they appear were evaluated and the correlations were determined for the dental pattern of the sample according to the Caucasian ancestral profile.Discussion: We have compared the results of our study with those of similar studies according to the available literature. The studies by Moreno (2001), Sívoli (2009) and Lunini (2019) establish non-metric dental trait profiles for Caucasian populations in Spain and the Mediterranean area. The findings found in these studies coincide, in general with the results of our sample, framed in the pattern of non-metric dental traits of Caucasian populations. Conclusion: The pattern of non-metric features of the contemporary Spanish population, according to our sample, generally conforms to the pattern of non-metric dental features of Caucasian populations.

[EN] In this final degree project, the aim is to approach art therapy as a creative medium supporting a creative sensitization therapy, it is the instrument used in order to achieve an approach to the world of painting practice for people with special needs, through the creation of a series of creative workshops. For this, a project is developed with a series of exercises that make use of painting and its practice through the largest number of painting techniques such as encaustic, vegan encaustic, encaustic waxes, vinyl tempera, acrylic. As a result of this project, a series of his own works where he puts into prac- tice the therapy through painting for the artist himself and the proposal of an idea of didactic workshops whose purpose is to carry them out in the near future, [ES] En el presente trabajo de final de grado se pretende aproximar la artete- rapia como medio creativo apoyando una terapia de sensibilización creativa, es el instrumento utilizado con el fin de conseguir un acercamiento al mundo de la práctica pictórica a personas con necesidades especiales, a través de la creación de una serie de talleres creativos. Para esto, se desarrolla un pro- yecto con una serie de ejercicios que hacen uso de la pintura y su práctica a través de la mayor cantidad de técnicas de pintura como la encáustica, la en- cáustica vegana, las ceras de encásutico, el temple vinílico, el acrílico. Como consecuencia de este proyecto se obtiene como resultado, una serie de obras propias donde se pone en práctica la terapia a través de la pintura para el propio artista y la propuesta de una idea de talleres didácticos cuya finalidad es realizarlos en un futuro próximo

[EN] In this final degree project, the aim is to approach art therapy as a creative medium supporting a creative sensitization therapy, it is the instrument used in order to achieve an approach to the world of painting practice for people with special needs, through the creation of a series of creative workshops. For this, a project is developed with a series of exercises that make use of painting and its practice through the largest number of painting techniques such as encaustic, vegan encaustic, encaustic waxes, vinyl tempera, acrylic. As a result of this project, a series of his own works where he puts into prac- tice the therapy through painting for the artist himself and the proposal of an idea of didactic workshops whose purpose is to carry them out in the near future, [ES] En el presente trabajo de final de grado se pretende aproximar la artete- rapia como medio creativo apoyando una terapia de sensibilización creativa, es el instrumento utilizado con el fin de conseguir un acercamiento al mundo de la práctica pictórica a personas con necesidades especiales, a través de la creación de una serie de talleres creativos. Para esto, se desarrolla un pro- yecto con una serie de ejercicios que hacen uso de la pintura y su práctica a través de la mayor cantidad de técnicas de pintura como la encáustica, la en- cáustica vegana, las ceras de encásutico, el temple vinílico, el acrílico. Como consecuencia de este proyecto se obtiene como resultado, una serie de obras propias donde se pone en práctica la terapia a través de la pintura para el propio artista y la propuesta de una idea de talleres didácticos cuya finalidad es realizarlos en un futuro próximo

[EN] In this final degree project, the aim is to approach art therapy as a creative medium supporting a creative sensitization therapy, it is the instrument used in order to achieve an approach to the world of painting practice for people with special needs, through the creation of a series of creative workshops. For this, a project is developed with a series of exercises that make use of painting and its practice through the largest number of painting techniques such as encaustic, vegan encaustic, encaustic waxes, vinyl tempera, acrylic. As a result of this project, a series of his own works where he puts into prac- tice the therapy through painting for the artist himself and the proposal of an idea of didactic workshops whose purpose is to carry them out in the near future, [ES] En el presente trabajo de final de grado se pretende aproximar la artete- rapia como medio creativo apoyando una terapia de sensibilización creativa, es el instrumento utilizado con el fin de conseguir un acercamiento al mundo de la práctica pictórica a personas con necesidades especiales, a través de la creación de una serie de talleres creativos. Para esto, se desarrolla un pro- yecto con una serie de ejercicios que hacen uso de la pintura y su práctica a través de la mayor cantidad de técnicas de pintura como la encáustica, la en- cáustica vegana, las ceras de encásutico, el temple vinílico, el acrílico. Como consecuencia de este proyecto se obtiene como resultado, una serie de obras propias donde se pone en práctica la terapia a través de la pintura para el propio artista y la propuesta de una idea de talleres didácticos cuya finalidad es realizarlos en un futuro próximo

[EN] In this final degree project, the aim is to approach art therapy as a creative medium supporting a creative sensitization therapy, it is the instrument used in order to achieve an approach to the world of painting practice for people with special needs, through the creation of a series of creative workshops. For this, a project is developed with a series of exercises that make use of painting and its practice through the largest number of painting techniques such as encaustic, vegan encaustic, encaustic waxes, vinyl tempera, acrylic. As a result of this project, a series of his own works where he puts into prac- tice the therapy through painting for the artist himself and the proposal of an idea of didactic workshops whose purpose is to carry them out in the near future, [ES] En el presente trabajo de final de grado se pretende aproximar la artete- rapia como medio creativo apoyando una terapia de sensibilización creativa, es el instrumento utilizado con el fin de conseguir un acercamiento al mundo de la práctica pictórica a personas con necesidades especiales, a través de la creación de una serie de talleres creativos. Para esto, se desarrolla un pro- yecto con una serie de ejercicios que hacen uso de la pintura y su práctica a través de la mayor cantidad de técnicas de pintura como la encáustica, la en- cáustica vegana, las ceras de encásutico, el temple vinílico, el acrílico. Como consecuencia de este proyecto se obtiene como resultado, una serie de obras propias donde se pone en práctica la terapia a través de la pintura para el propio artista y la propuesta de una idea de talleres didácticos cuya finalidad es realizarlos en un futuro próximo

We observe in contemporary culture a metamorphosis of literacy and the blurring of the boundaries of the fields of knowledge: they are characteristics of the New Enlightenment, guided by transversal questions and interdisciplinary points of view. Education constitutes the most important unifier of the Humanities and the point from which to value the sustainability of culture. The human species needs sociocultural cooperation to live; This biobehavioral innovation involved the recycling of neural networks, in order to live lucidly. Culture evolved from a human conviction of dominance over the world of life (dominance humanism). History proved that human life is dependent on the quality of ecosystems (dependency humanism). Today, we need to live in the conviction that we belong to the world of life (humanism of belonging) and that we are responsible for its sustainability and quality., Observamos en la cultura contemporánea una metamorfosis de la alfabetización y el desdibujo de las fronteras de los campos de conocimiento: son características de la Nueva Ilustración, guiada por preguntas transversales y puntos de vista interdisciplinares. La educación constituye el aglutinador más importante de las Humanidades y el punto desde el que valorar la sostenibilidad de la cultura. La especie humana necesita la cooperación sociocultural para vivir; esta innovación biocomportamental implicó el reciclamiento de las redes neuronales, para poder vivir con lucidez. La cultura evolucionó desde una convicción humana de dominio sobre el mundo de la vida (humanismo de dominancia). La historia demostró que la vida humana es dependiente de la calidad de los ecosistemas (humanismo de dependencia). Hoy, necesitamos vivir en la convicción de que pertenecemos al mundo de la vida (humanismo de pertenencia) y de que somos responsables de su sostenibilidad y de su calidad.

En la evolución del hombre, desde los ancestros más antiguos como fue Ardipithecus ramidus, hasta hoy en día con el Homo sapiens, los análisis antropométricos no solo han englobado restos óseos, sino que la morfología dentaria ha tenido un gran aporte de datos, los cuales han ayudado a entender de manera más efectiva el proceso evolutivo del ser humano para con sus relaciones filogenéticas, que se han ido produciendo a lo largo de estos años.Objetivo: Estudiar los rasgos dentarios no métricos en población española contemporánea. Material y métodos: La colección estudiada se encuentra formada por unos 300 individuos adultos procedentes de diversos cementerios de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, de la época contemporánea y tronco ancestral caucásico, conservados en la Escuela de Medicina Legal de Madrid. La muestra seleccionada se compone de 40 individuos adultos, los cuales fueron seleccionados a partir de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión del estudio. La metodología utilizada ha sido la metodología ASUDAS (Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System).Resultados: Se han obtenido resultados para 18 variables de rasgos métricos discretos, de los cuales se han valorado las frecuencias con las que aparecen y determinado las correlaciones para el patrón dental de la muestra según el perfil ancestral caucásico.Discusión: Hemos comparado los resultados de nuestro estudio, con los de estudios similares según la bibliografía disponible. Los estudios de Moreno (2001), Sívoli (2009) y Lunini (2019) establecen perfiles de rasgos dentarios no métricos para poblaciones caucásicas españolas y de la zona mediterránea. Los hallazgos encontrados en estos estudios coinciden, en general con los resultados de nuestra muestra, enmarcándose en el patrón de rasgos dentarios no métricos de las poblaciones caucásicas. Conclusión: El patrón de rasgos no métricos de población española contemporánea, según nuestra muestra, se ajusta, en general, al patrón de rasgos dentarios no m, In the evolution of man, from the most ancient ancestors such as Ardipithecus ramidus, to the present day with Homo sapiens, anthropometric analyses have not only encompassed bone remains, but dental morphology has had a great contribution of data, which have helped to understand more effectively the evolutionary process of human beings and their phylogenetic relationships, which have been occurring over the years. Objective: To study non-metric dental traits in a contemporary Spanish population.Material and methods: The studied collection is formed by 300 adult individuals from different cemeteries of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, from the contemporary period and Caucasian ancestral stock, preserved in the School of Legal Medicine of Madrid. The selected sample is composed of 40 adult individuals, which were selected on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The methodology used was the ASUDAS methodology (Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System).Results: Results were obtained for 18 discrete metric trait variables, of which the frequencies with which they appear were evaluated and the correlations were determined for the dental pattern of the sample according to the Caucasian ancestral profile.Discussion: We have compared the results of our study with those of similar studies according to the available literature. The studies by Moreno (2001), Sívoli (2009) and Lunini (2019) establish non-metric dental trait profiles for Caucasian populations in Spain and the Mediterranean area. The findings found in these studies coincide, in general with the results of our sample, framed in the pattern of non-metric dental traits of Caucasian populations. Conclusion: The pattern of non-metric features of the contemporary Spanish population, according to our sample, generally conforms to the pattern of non-metric dental features of Caucasian populations.

The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 modeling is a challenging problem because of its complex nature and lack of information regarding certain aspects. In this paper, we explore a Digital Twin approach to model the pandemic situation in Catalonia. The Digital Twin is composed of three different dynamic models used to perform the validations by a Model Comparison approach. We detail how we use this approach to obtain knowledge regarding the effects of the nonpharmaceutical interventions and the problems we faced during the modeling process. We use Specification and Description Language (SDL) to represent the compartmental forecasting model for the SARS-CoV-2. Its graphical notation simplifies the different specialists’ understanding of the model hypotheses, which must be validated continuously following a Solution Validation approach. This model allows the successful forecasting of different scenarios for Catalonia. We present some formalization details, discuss the validation process and present some results obtained from the validation model discussion, which becomes a digital twin of the pandemic in Catalonia., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Linear infrastructure intrusions into natural ecosystems, such as motorways and high-speed railways, causes direct loss of habitat but also impacts fauna through collisions. Wildlife road mortality is well documented and extensive conservation legislation exists in many countries to minimise the negative impact of these infrastructures. However, although these measures are implemented because of legislation, these structures are often not adequately maintained. Here we present data on the functionality of perimeter fences along two motorways in Malaga province (southern Spain) erected to prevent collisions with the common chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon). We sampled the fences along the 14 km of the two motorways included in the 17 1 × 1 km squares of the study area. Our results show that the reptile fence is permeable throughout at those points where the metal sheeting was absent and where the vegetation had overgrown around the fence, hence allowing chameleons to cross. Given our results, we conclude that this situation is likely to be similar in other regions of Spain and in other countries. This is because construction/concessionary companies do not consider the environmental impact of construction projects in the medium and long term, and environmental authorities do not ensure that companies comply with the legislation.

Quantum computing is the field that studies computation using quantum mechanical systems, exploiting properties such as superposition or entanglement. The focus of this project will be on quantum phase estimation algorithms. The formalism commonly used to represent quantum algorithms as quantum circuits composed by qubits and quantum gates will be presented. Then, we will be able to explain the quantum Fourier transform (that is exponentially faster than its classical analogue) and three quantum phase estimation algorithms: Kitaev’s phase estimation (KPEA), the phase estimation algorithm based on QFT (PEA) and the iterative quantum phase estimation algorithm based on a semiclassical Fourier transform (IPEA). We will use the Qiskit framework in order to run simulations of such algorithms, and even run them in real IBM Q Experience quantum computers (specifically, we will use the 5 qubit computer ibmq_essex). Statistical post-processing techniques will be essential in order to extract a phase estimation from the results obtained. We will use two post-processing techniques: the majority and the average rule. The performance of these methods applied to the results of several simulations and executions in ibmq_essex will be studied. At last, we will talk about the possible applications of phase estimation algorithms. Phase estimation is used as a subroutine in the field of quantum simulation, allowing us to obtain several magnitudes of a quantum system such as the energy levels. We will present an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring called Shor’s algorithm. The cost of factorization with a classical computer increases exponentially with the size of the input, so this is a example of a task that cannot be solved efficiently on a classical computer, but can be solved efficiently by a quantum computer. Phase estimation is also used in the field of quantum metrology. Specifically, an N-V center can be used to measure magnetic fields with high sensitivity and spatial re

Objetivo: Proponer y justificar una iniciativa pedagógica que fomenta el contacto directo con la naturaleza. Método: Rastrear en la bibliografía los argumentos que demuestran cómo la cultura tomó inicio en el contacto directo con el ecosistema, incluso antes de desplegarse la industria lítica y antes de que apareciera la competencia lingüística. Demostrar que el inicio del movimiento ecológico implicó la denuncia de la degradación de la biosfera y la propuesta del sentido del asombro como eje de la Educación Ambiental. Fuentes: las de carácter científico que justifiquen el objetivo serán interdisciplinares; y documentos internacionales que convergen en el mismo punto de vista. Conclusión: El huerto escolar puede ser un instrumento pedagógico, para recuperar la familiaridad con el mundo de la vida y contexto para profundizar en las tramas que nos vinculan con los demás seres vivos. La ecoalfabetización es un movimiento cultural que recomienda y valora el huerto escolar como instrumento para motivar el conocimiento y la sensibilidad para con los seres vivos., Objective: To propose and justify a pedagogical initiative that fosters direct contact with nature. Method: Bibliographical search for arguments that show how culture originated in direct contact with the ecosystem, even prior to the deployment of the stone industry and before language competency. Demonstrate that the beginnings of the ecology movement involved denouncing the degradation of the biosphere and propose a sense of amazement as the pillar of Environmental Education. Sources: The scholarly sources used to justify the objective will be interdisciplinary, including international documents that converge on the same point of view. Conclusion: A school garden can be a pedagogical instrument for recovering familiarity with the world of life, providing a context to go deeper into the relations shat link us to other living beings. Eco-literacy is a cultural movement that recommends and values the school garden as an instrument for motivating knowledge and sensitivity in relation to all forms of life.

Based on a SEIRD model (Susceptible, Exposed, Infective, Recovered and Deceased) for COVID-19 infection with a new parametrization using a high infection rate, and a low fatality, we define the model in System Dynamics, Python, and Specification and Description Language (SDL). The different implementations obtained can be improved depending on the capabilities of the approach and, more interestingly, can be used to improve the Validation and Verification processes. In this paper, we are focused on describing how this comparison with other models’ validation processes allows us to find the parameters of the system dynamics model, hence the parameters of the pandemic. This is a crucial element, specifically in this case, because the data are not complete or validated for different reasons. We use using existing data from Korea and Spain and showing that the proposed method and the obtained parametrization for the model fit with the empirical evidence. We discuss some implications of the validation process and the model parametrization. We use this approach to implement a Decision support system that shows the current pandemic situation in Catalonia., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Linear infrastructure intrusions into natural ecosystems, such as motorways and high-speed railways, causes direct loss of habitat but also impacts fauna through collisions. Wildlife road mortality is well documented and extensive conservation legislation exists in many countries to minimise the negative impact of these infrastructures. However, although these measures are implemented because of legislation, these structures are often not adequately maintained. Here we present data on the functionality of perimeter fences along two motorways in Malaga province (southern Spain) erected to prevent collisions with the common chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon). We sampled the fences along the 14 km of the two motorways included in the 17 1 × 1 km squares of the study area. Our results show that the reptile fence is permeable throughout at those points where the metal sheeting was absent and where the vegetation had overgrown around the fence, hence allowing chameleons to cross. Given our results, we conclude that this situation is likely to be similar in other regions of Spain and in other countries. This is because construction/concessionary companies do not consider the environmental impact of construction projects in the medium and long term, and environmental authorities do not ensure that companies comply with the legislation.

Quantum computing is the field that studies computation using quantum mechanical systems, exploiting properties such as superposition or entanglement. The focus of this project will be on quantum phase estimation algorithms. The formalism commonly used to represent quantum algorithms as quantum circuits composed by qubits and quantum gates will be presented. Then, we will be able to explain the quantum Fourier transform (that is exponentially faster than its classical analogue) and three quantum phase estimation algorithms: Kitaev’s phase estimation (KPEA), the phase estimation algorithm based on QFT (PEA) and the iterative quantum phase estimation algorithm based on a semiclassical Fourier transform (IPEA). We will use the Qiskit framework in order to run simulations of such algorithms, and even run them in real IBM Q Experience quantum computers (specifically, we will use the 5 qubit computer ibmq_essex). Statistical post-processing techniques will be essential in order to extract a phase estimation from the results obtained. We will use two post-processing techniques: the majority and the average rule. The performance of these methods applied to the results of several simulations and executions in ibmq_essex will be studied. At last, we will talk about the possible applications of phase estimation algorithms. Phase estimation is used as a subroutine in the field of quantum simulation, allowing us to obtain several magnitudes of a quantum system such as the energy levels. We will present an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring called Shor’s algorithm. The cost of factorization with a classical computer increases exponentially with the size of the input, so this is a example of a task that cannot be solved efficiently on a classical computer, but can be solved efficiently by a quantum computer. Phase estimation is also used in the field of quantum metrology. Specifically, an N-V center can be used to measure magnetic fields with high sensitivity and spatial re

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed. METHODS: We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres. RESULTS: Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a f

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed. METHODS: We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres. RESULTS: Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a f

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed. METHODS: We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres. RESULTS: Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a f

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed. METHODS: We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres. RESULTS: Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a f

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed. METHODS: We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres. RESULTS: Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a f

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed. METHODS: We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres. RESULTS: Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a f

[Background] Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed., [Methods] We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres., [Results] Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer., [Conclusions] The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a few pathways and to induce the expression of a few common, measurable and targetable essential genes. These pathways include the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. Finally, the combined inhibition of one of these pathways with platinum treatment increases the sensitivity of CSC-enriched tumorspheres to low doses of platinum, suggesting a new treatment for ovarian cancer.

Background Although cellular metabolism has been widely studied, its fully comprehension is still a challenge. A main tool for this study is the analysis of meaningful pieces of knowledge called modes and, in particular, specially interesting classes of modes such as pathways and Elementary Flux Modes (EFMs). Its study often has to deal with issues such as the appearance of infeasibilities or the difficulty of finding representative enough sets of modes that are free of repetitions. Mode extraction methods usually incorporate strategies devoted to mitigate this phenomena but they still get a high ratio of repetitions in the set of solutions. Results This paper presents a proposal to improve the representativeness of the full set of metabolic reactions in the set of computed modes by penalizing the eventual high frequency of occurrence of some reactions during the extraction. This strategy can be applied to any linear programming based extraction existent method. Conclusions Our strategy enhances the quality of a set of extracted EFMs favouring the presence of every reaction in it and improving the efficiency by mitigating the occurrence of repeated solutions. The new proposed strategy can complement other EFMs extraction methods based on linear programming. The obtained solutions are more likely to be diverse using less computing effort and improving the efficiency of the extraction.

INTRODUCTION. It is a fact that, in post-Enlightenment Occidental culture, the prevailing description of the human mind has been clearly biased towards logic and argument; the pro-totype of rationality would be scientific, especially in the realm of Mathematics and the Natu-ral Sciences. In the anthropological deliberation, the signs which demonstrated technical knowledge and related productive capacities to describe the process of humanization have taken priority. Nonetheless, an anthropological model has been put forward which presents cooperation as a core mechanism of evolutionary pressure towards the human condition; the aim of this paper is to investigate the mental functions involved in the pattern of cooperation. We shall point out the main arguments that corroborate the value of this perspective and the observable facts supporting it. METHOD. We will use data provided by Anthropology on tem-poral and causal priority of the culture of cooperation over the culture of artifacts or technical culture; the fostering of newborn and the culture of childbearing will be highlighted, as a core episode of the action pattern of cooperative behavior. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. In this niche of experiences emerged the recursion of thinking first and, subsequently, the technique and the oral language. The instrumental supplies do not stand above emotional components nor above capacities involved in the emotional closeness, affiliation and mutual sentimental understanding. Matching with those who have been underlying the theoretical relevance of the ethics of compassion, the ethics of care, birthing ethics, the ethics of responsibility. It seems necessary to take into account the point of view that privileges the cooperative behavior in evolution. The data points to the fact that cooperation went ahead of technological progress in evolution., INTRODUCTION. Dans la culture occidentale postérieure au Siècle des Lumières, la description de l’esprit humain est clairement biaisée —c’est un fait— vers la logique et l’argument: le prototype de la rationalité serait scientifique, en particulier ceux de la mathématique et des sciences naturelles. Dans le débat anthropologique ayant pour but de décrire le processus d’humanisation, les indices démontrent que la connaissance technique et les capacités productives qui en découlent ont primé. Cependant, un modèle anthropologique situant la coopération comme mécanisme central de la pression évolutive vers la condition humaine commence à voir le jour. L’objectif de ce travail sera de déterminer les fonctions mentales impliquées dans le patron de coopération. On signalera les principaux arguments qui corroborent la valeur de cette perspective et dans quelle mesure elle est soutenue par des faits observables. MÉTHODE. on fera appel aux données proportionnés par l’Anthropologie à propos de la priorité temporelle et causale de la culture de la coopération par rapport à la culture d’artefacts ou culture technique ; comme chapitre principal du modèle du comportement de coopération, on soulignera l’accueil du nouveau-né et la culture de la natalité. RÉSULTATS ET DISCUSSION. la récursivité de la pensée est surgie en premier lieu dans ce niche d’expériences et, postérieurement, la technique et le langage oral sont apparus. La préparation instrumentale ne reste pas loin des composants émotifs ni des capacités impliquées dans l’affection, l’affiliation et l’entente sentimentale réciproque. On est d’accord avec ceux qui signalent l’importance théorique de l’éthique du soin, de l’éthique de la natalité et de l’éthique de la responsabilité. Il semblerait nécessaire d’incorporer la perspective qui privilégie le comportement coopératif dans l’évolution. Les données semblent indiquer que la coopération s’est anticipée évolutivement au progrès concernant la technologie., INTRODUCCIÓN. Es un hecho que en la cultura occidental posterior a la Ilustración, ha predominado la descripción de la mente humana claramente sesgada hacia la lógica y el argumento; el prototipo de la racionalidad sería científico, especialmente el matemático y el de las ciencias naturales. En la deliberación antropológica han primado los indicios que mostraban conocimiento técnico y capacidades productivas derivadas para describir el proceso de humanización. Se abre camino, no obstante, un modelo antropológico que sitúa la cooperación como mecanismo central de la presión evolutiva hacia la condición humana; investigar funciones mentales implicadas en el patrón de cooperación será el objetivo de este trabajo. Señalaremos los argumentos principales que corroboran el valor de esta perspectiva y la medida en la que los hechos observables la apoyan. MÉTODO. Recurriremos a datos proporcionados por la antropología sobre prioridad temporal y causal de la cultura de la cooperación, sobre la cultura de artefactos o cultura técnica; resaltaremos el acogimiento del recién nacido y la cultura de la natalidad, como un capítulo principal del patrón comportamental de cooperación. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. En este nicho de experiencias emergió la recursividad del pensamiento, primero, y, posteriormente, la técnica y el lenguaje oral. Los pertrechos instrumentales no quedan por encima de los componentes emotivos ni sobre las capacidades implicadas en el apego afectivo, la afiliación y el mutuo entendimiento sentimental. Coincidimos con quienes han venido resaltando la importancia teórica de la ética de la compasión, de la ética del cuidado, la ética de la natalidad, la ética de la responsabilidad. Parece necesario incorporar la perspectiva que privilegie en la evolución el comportamiento cooperativo. Los datos apuntan a que la cooperación se anticipó evolutivamente al progreso en la tecnología.

Metallic mirrors will be essential components of all optical systems for plasma diagnosis in ITER. This contribution provides a comprehensive account on plasma impact on diagnostic mirrors in JET with the ITER-Like Wall. Specimens from the First Mirror Test and the lithium-beam diagnostic have been studied by spectrophotometry, ion beam analysis and electron microscopy. Test mirrors made of molybdenum were retrieved from the main chamber and the divertor after exposure to the 2013–2014 experimen- tal campaign. In the main chamber, only mirrors located at the entrance of the carrier lost reflectivity (Be deposition), while those located deeper in the carrier were only slightly affected. The performance of mirrors in the JET divertor was strongly degraded by deposition of beryllium, tungsten and other species. Mirrors from the lithium-beam diagnostic have been studied for the first time. Gold coatings were severely damaged by intense arcing. As a consequence, material mixing of the gold layer with the stainless steel substrate occurred. Total reflectivity dropped from over 90% to less than 60%, i.e. to the level typical for stainless steel.

Results are presented for the dust survey performed at JET after the second experimental campaign with the ITER-Like Wall: 2013–2014. Samples were collected on adhesive stickers from several different posi- tions in the divertor both on the tiles and on the divertor carrier. Brittle dust-forming deposits on test mirrors from the inner divertor wall were also studied. Comprehensive characterization accomplished by a wide range of high-resolution microscopy techniques, including focused ion beam, has led to the iden- tification of several classes of particles: (i) beryllium flakes originating either from the Be coatings from the inner wall cladding or Be-rich mixed co-deposits resulting from material migration; (ii) beryllium droplets and splashes; (iii) tungsten and nickel-rich (from Inconel) droplets; (iv) mixed material layers with a various content of small (8–200 nm) W-Mo and Ni-based debris. A significant content of nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been identified in all types of co-deposits. A comparison between particles collected after the first and second experimental campaign is also presented and discussed.

Metallic mirrors will be essential components of all optical systems for plasma diagnosis in ITER. This contribution provides a comprehensive account on plasma impact on diagnostic mirrors in JET with the ITER-Like Wall. Specimens from the First Mirror Test and the lithium-beam diagnostic have been studied by spectrophotometry, ion beam analysis and electron microscopy. Test mirrors made of molybdenum were retrieved from the main chamber and the divertor after exposure to the 2013–2014 experimen- tal campaign. In the main chamber, only mirrors located at the entrance of the carrier lost reflectivity (Be deposition), while those located deeper in the carrier were only slightly affected. The performance of mirrors in the JET divertor was strongly degraded by deposition of beryllium, tungsten and other species. Mirrors from the lithium-beam diagnostic have been studied for the first time. Gold coatings were severely damaged by intense arcing. As a consequence, material mixing of the gold layer with the stainless steel substrate occurred. Total reflectivity dropped from over 90% to less than 60%, i.e. to the level typical for stainless steel.

Results are presented for the dust survey performed at JET after the second experimental campaign with the ITER-Like Wall: 2013–2014. Samples were collected on adhesive stickers from several different posi- tions in the divertor both on the tiles and on the divertor carrier. Brittle dust-forming deposits on test mirrors from the inner divertor wall were also studied. Comprehensive characterization accomplished by a wide range of high-resolution microscopy techniques, including focused ion beam, has led to the iden- tification of several classes of particles: (i) beryllium flakes originating either from the Be coatings from the inner wall cladding or Be-rich mixed co-deposits resulting from material migration; (ii) beryllium droplets and splashes; (iii) tungsten and nickel-rich (from Inconel) droplets; (iv) mixed material layers with a various content of small (8–200 nm) W-Mo and Ni-based debris. A significant content of nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been identified in all types of co-deposits. A comparison between particles collected after the first and second experimental campaign is also presented and discussed.

Metallic mirrors will be essential components of all optical systems for plasma diagnosis in ITER. This contribution provides a comprehensive account on plasma impact on diagnostic mirrors in JET with the ITER-Like Wall. Specimens from the First Mirror Test and the lithium-beam diagnostic have been studied by spectrophotometry, ion beam analysis and electron microscopy. Test mirrors made of molybdenum were retrieved from the main chamber and the divertor after exposure to the 2013–2014 experimen- tal campaign. In the main chamber, only mirrors located at the entrance of the carrier lost reflectivity (Be deposition), while those located deeper in the carrier were only slightly affected. The performance of mirrors in the JET divertor was strongly degraded by deposition of beryllium, tungsten and other species. Mirrors from the lithium-beam diagnostic have been studied for the first time. Gold coatings were severely damaged by intense arcing. As a consequence, material mixing of the gold layer with the stainless steel substrate occurred. Total reflectivity dropped from over 90% to less than 60%, i.e. to the level typical for stainless steel.

Results are presented for the dust survey performed at JET after the second experimental campaign with the ITER-Like Wall: 2013–2014. Samples were collected on adhesive stickers from several different posi- tions in the divertor both on the tiles and on the divertor carrier. Brittle dust-forming deposits on test mirrors from the inner divertor wall were also studied. Comprehensive characterization accomplished by a wide range of high-resolution microscopy techniques, including focused ion beam, has led to the iden- tification of several classes of particles: (i) beryllium flakes originating either from the Be coatings from the inner wall cladding or Be-rich mixed co-deposits resulting from material migration; (ii) beryllium droplets and splashes; (iii) tungsten and nickel-rich (from Inconel) droplets; (iv) mixed material layers with a various content of small (8–200 nm) W-Mo and Ni-based debris. A significant content of nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been identified in all types of co-deposits. A comparison between particles collected after the first and second experimental campaign is also presented and discussed.

Results are presented for the dust survey performed at JET after the second experimental campaign with the ITER-Like Wall: 2013–2014. Samples were collected on adhesive stickers from several different posi- tions in the divertor both on the tiles and on the divertor carrier. Brittle dust-forming deposits on test mirrors from the inner divertor wall were also studied. Comprehensive characterization accomplished by a wide range of high-resolution microscopy techniques, including focused ion beam, has led to the iden- tification of several classes of particles: (i) beryllium flakes originating either from the Be coatings from the inner wall cladding or Be-rich mixed co-deposits resulting from material migration; (ii) beryllium droplets and splashes; (iii) tungsten and nickel-rich (from Inconel) droplets; (iv) mixed material layers with a various content of small (8–200 nm) W-Mo and Ni-based debris. A significant content of nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been identified in all types of co-deposits. A comparison between particles collected after the first and second experimental campaign is also presented and discussed.