Search

Black foot is a fungal disease that affects young vines and planting material in countries where grapevines are cultivated. During the 2018 grape-growing season, symptoms of reduced vigor, short internodes, leaf chlorosis, root rot, and necrosis at the base of plants were observed in vines between 2 to 10 years old from 400 ha of vineyards in the Mendoza and Salta regions. A total of 30% of the vineyards of cultivars Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Aspirant Bouchet and rootstocks 101-14 Millardet et de Grasset and 1103 Paulsen had vines with disease symptoms. Vines had 15% disease incidence and 30% disease severity. These symptoms have been described as characteristic of black foot, caused by Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morph fungi. Isolations were made from roots and basal parts of 30 symptomatic plants. Fragments of advanced necrotic tissue were washed with running water, surface sterilized with 70% alcohol for 20 s and 2% NaOCl solution for 4 min, and rinsed in sterile distilled water twice. These fragments were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 10 days to isolate fungal pathogens. Fifty colonies resembling black foot disease pathogens were subcultured onto fresh PDA in order to obtain single spore cultures. The isolates developed buff to cinnamon and dark brown, felty mycelium. Colonies subcultured in synthetic nutrient agar produced hyaline, cylindrical, straight and/or slightly curved, one to three septate (35.6 × 5.3 µm) macroconidia and abundant, hyaline, ellipsoidal, zero to one septate (12.5 × 6.0 µm) microconidia. Cultures and conidia morphological characteristics were similar to those of Ilyonectria or Dactylonectria genera (Cabral et al. 2012a; Lombard et al. 2014). DNA sequence analysis of the partial histone H3 gene was obtained for isolates INTA SC1 (I. liriodendri), INTA LC2 (D. alcacerensis), and INTA LC1 (D. macrodidyma) and deposited in GenBank (accession nos. OK338901, OK338900, and OK338899, respective

[EN] The objective of this study was to identify to species level a collection of 105 isolates Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different forest plants in nurseries from different Spanish regions. Fungi were identified based on sequencing a fragment of the histone H3 gene (HIS), amplified by PCR with the primer pair CylH3F and CylH3R. Amplification and sequencing of the HIS region of 105 isolates obtained from Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different hosts in nurseries allowed the identification of 12 fungal species: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta and I. rufa. In addition, five other possible new species were identified, which were named tentatively as: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. In this study no geographical grouping or by host plant was found for any of the identified fungal species., [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo fue la identificación a nivel de especie de una colección de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon, obtenidos de diferentes plantas forestales en viveros de distintas regiones del territorio español. La identificación de los hongos se basó en la secuenciación de un fragmento del gen de la histona H3 (HIS), amplificada mediante PCR con la pareja de cebadores CylH3F y CylH3R. La amplificación y secuenciación de la región HIS del genoma de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon obtenidos de diferentes hospedantes en viveros forestales permitió la identificación de 12 especies fúngicas: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta e I. rufa. Además, se identificaron otras cinco posibles nuevas especies que se nombraron provisionalmente como: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. En este estudio no se encontró ninguna agrupación geográfica ni por planta hospedante para ninguna de las especies fúngicas identificadas

[EN] The objective of this study was to identify to species level a collection of 105 isolates Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different forest plants in nurseries from different Spanish regions. Fungi were identified based on sequencing a fragment of the histone H3 gene (HIS), amplified by PCR with the primer pair CylH3F and CylH3R. Amplification and sequencing of the HIS region of 105 isolates obtained from Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different hosts in nurseries allowed the identification of 12 fungal species: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta and I. rufa. In addition, five other possible new species were identified, which were named tentatively as: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. In this study no geographical grouping or by host plant was found for any of the identified fungal species., [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo fue la identificación a nivel de especie de una colección de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon, obtenidos de diferentes plantas forestales en viveros de distintas regiones del territorio español. La identificación de los hongos se basó en la secuenciación de un fragmento del gen de la histona H3 (HIS), amplificada mediante PCR con la pareja de cebadores CylH3F y CylH3R. La amplificación y secuenciación de la región HIS del genoma de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon obtenidos de diferentes hospedantes en viveros forestales permitió la identificación de 12 especies fúngicas: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta e I. rufa. Además, se identificaron otras cinco posibles nuevas especies que se nombraron provisionalmente como: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. En este estudio no se encontró ninguna agrupación geográfica ni por planta hospedante para ninguna de las especies fúngicas identificadas

[EN] The objective of this study was to identify to species level a collection of 105 isolates Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different forest plants in nurseries from different Spanish regions. Fungi were identified based on sequencing a fragment of the histone H3 gene (HIS), amplified by PCR with the primer pair CylH3F and CylH3R. Amplification and sequencing of the HIS region of 105 isolates obtained from Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different hosts in nurseries allowed the identification of 12 fungal species: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta and I. rufa. In addition, five other possible new species were identified, which were named tentatively as: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. In this study no geographical grouping or by host plant was found for any of the identified fungal species., [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo fue la identificación a nivel de especie de una colección de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon, obtenidos de diferentes plantas forestales en viveros de distintas regiones del territorio español. La identificación de los hongos se basó en la secuenciación de un fragmento del gen de la histona H3 (HIS), amplificada mediante PCR con la pareja de cebadores CylH3F y CylH3R. La amplificación y secuenciación de la región HIS del genoma de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon obtenidos de diferentes hospedantes en viveros forestales permitió la identificación de 12 especies fúngicas: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta e I. rufa. Además, se identificaron otras cinco posibles nuevas especies que se nombraron provisionalmente como: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. En este estudio no se encontró ninguna agrupación geográfica ni por planta hospedante para ninguna de las especies fúngicas identificadas

[EN] The objective of this study was to identify to species level a collection of 105 isolates Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different forest plants in nurseries from different Spanish regions. Fungi were identified based on sequencing a fragment of the histone H3 gene (HIS), amplified by PCR with the primer pair CylH3F and CylH3R. Amplification and sequencing of the HIS region of 105 isolates obtained from Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs obtained from different hosts in nurseries allowed the identification of 12 fungal species: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta and I. rufa. In addition, five other possible new species were identified, which were named tentatively as: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. In this study no geographical grouping or by host plant was found for any of the identified fungal species., [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo fue la identificación a nivel de especie de una colección de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon, obtenidos de diferentes plantas forestales en viveros de distintas regiones del territorio español. La identificación de los hongos se basó en la secuenciación de un fragmento del gen de la histona H3 (HIS), amplificada mediante PCR con la pareja de cebadores CylH3F y CylH3R. La amplificación y secuenciación de la región HIS del genoma de 105 aislados de anamorfos de Cylindrocarpon obtenidos de diferentes hospedantes en viveros forestales permitió la identificación de 12 especies fúngicas: Cylindrocarpon sp., Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta e I. rufa. Además, se identificaron otras cinco posibles nuevas especies que se nombraron provisionalmente como: Cylindrodendrum sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 1, Dactylonectria sp. 2, Dactylonectria sp. 3 e Ilyonectria sp. 1. En este estudio no se encontró ninguna agrupación geográfica ni por planta hospedante para ninguna de las especies fúngicas identificadas

[EN] Weeds were sampled in grapevine rootstock mother fields, open-root field nurseries, and commercial vineyards of Albacete, Alicante, Castellón, Murcia, and Valencia provinces in Spain between June 2009 and June 2010 and evaluated as potential hosts of black-foot and Petri disease pathogens. Isolations were conducted in the root system and internal xylem tissues for black-foot and Petri disease pathogens, respectively. Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum was successfully isolated from the roots of 15 of 19 weed families evaluated and 26 of 52 weed species. Regarding Petri disease pathogens, one isolate of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora was obtained from Convolvulus arvensis, and three isolates of Cadophora luteo-olivacea were obtained from Bidens subalternans, Plantago coronopus, and Sonchus oleraceus. Pathogenicity tests showed that Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum isolates obtained from weeds were able to induce typical black-foot disease symptoms. When inoculated in grapevines, isolates of Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were also shown to be pathogenic on grapevine cuttings. Our ability to recover grapevine pathogens from vineyard weeds and to demonstrate pathogenicity of recovered strains on grape suggests that these weeds may serve as a source of inoculum for infection of grapevine. © 2011 The American Phytopathological Society.

Onderzoek naar kennis over Cylindrocarpon in de teelt van aardbeien in de wetenschappelijke literatuur. Informatie wordt verzameld over de levenswijze van de schimmel en mogelijke beheersmaatregelen. Naast Cylindrocarpon zijn ook andere schimmels en nematoden betrokken bij het zogenaamde “Zwart wortelrot” (ZWR) of “Black Root Rot” ziektecomplex. Summier is informatie over preventie, beheersing en bestrijding van deze bodempathogenen ook in het rapport opgenomen.

Black foot disease is a serious disease of grapevine crops in most areas where vines are grown. Mainly two species of Cylindrocarpon, C. destructans and C. macrodidymum, are associated with this disease. Recent studies have revealed a tremendous molecular variation within the former but only slight molecular variation within the latter, indicating that C. destructans presents a complex of several species The present study elucidates the taxonomic status of C. destructans-like isolates associated with black foot disease of grapevines. Grapevine isolates were studied morphologically, subjected to DNA analyses of their ITS and partial P-tubulin genes, and were mated in all combinations in vitro. Cylindrocarpon destructans strains isolated from grapevines in Europe and South Africa appeared morphologically and genetically identical, and had identical ITS and partial beta-tubulin gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses placed these strains in a clade closely related but clearly distinct from other clades with C. destructans-like anamorphs obtained from various herbaceous or woody hosts. Only the ex-type strain of Cylindrocarpon liriodendri had identical sequences to strains isolated from grapevines, and could also not be distinguished by morphological characters. The grapevine isolates are therefore reidentified here as Cylindrocarpon liriodendri. Cylindrocarpn liriodendri formed perithecia in heterothallic conditions and the holomorph of this species is described as Neonectria liriodendri sp. nov. Neonectria liriodendri is genetically distinct from the ex-type strain of Neonectria radicicola, which originated from Cyclamen in Sweden. Both ex-type strains also differ from at least two other clades comprising additional C. destructans-like strains. Many of these strains originated from Panax sp., which is the host of the type of C. destructans. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that C. destructans is not the anamorph of N. radicicola and that N. liriodendri, N. radicicola

Des enquêtes phytosanitaires ont été menées en divers endroits de la bananeraie de la Côte d'Ivoire pour inventorier les principaux nématodes et champignons associés aux nécroses de l'appareil racinaire des bananiers. Elles ont fait ressortir : -la diversité des nécroses racinaires, en corrélation avec la forte hétérogénéité des sols tourbeux du Niéky; -la forte dominance des nécroses en tirets dans les zones d'Azaguié, d'Anyama et d'Abengourou, corrélée à la relative homogénéité des sols minéraux de ces secteurs; -Radopholus similis est prépondérant dans les racines prélevées en sols minéraux tandis qu'Hélicotylenchus multicinctus est plus abondant dans les racines prélevées en sols organiques; -la population de champignons, qui est fortement dominée par Fusarium spp. comprend également Cylindrocarpon sp., Cylindrocladium sp, Zythia sp., diverses Pythiacées, etc. Cylindrocladium sp. est isolé sur bananier pour la première fois en Côte d'Ivoire. Jusqu'ici Zythia sp, n'avait pas été signalé sur bananier dans le monde.

Des enquêtes phytosanitaires ont été menées en divers endroits de la bananeraie de la Côte d'Ivoire pour inventorier les principaux nématodes et champignons associés aux nécroses de l'appareil racinaire des bananiers. Elles ont fait ressortir : -la diversité des nécroses racinaires, en corrélation avec la forte hétérogénéité des sols tourbeux du Niéky; -la forte dominance des nécroses en tirets dans les zones d'Azaguié, d'Anyama et d'Abengourou, corrélée à la relative homogénéité des sols minéraux de ces secteurs; -Radopholus similis est prépondérant dans les racines prélevées en sols minéraux tandis qu'Hélicotylenchus multicinctus est plus abondant dans les racines prélevées en sols organiques; -la population de champignons, qui est fortement dominée par Fusarium spp. comprend également Cylindrocarpon sp., Cylindrocladium sp, Zythia sp., diverses Pythiacées, etc. Cylindrocladium sp. est isolé sur bananier pour la première fois en Côte d'Ivoire. Jusqu'ici Zythia sp, n'avait pas été signalé sur bananier dans le monde.