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El mapa conceptual es una herramienta organizadora del conocimiento que promueve el aprendizaje y el trabajo en equipo, así como el incremento de la motivación e interés del estudiante. Se ha diseñado un mapa conceptual para facilitar el aprendizaje de la dispensación de antibióticos pediátricos en la Oficina de Farmacia utilizando la app Wooclap . Se han definido cuatro bloques principales: conocimiento de datos necesarios en una prescripción, cálculo de dosis pediátricas, reconstitución y conservación del medicamento, y además se ha elaborado una encuesta de satisfacción que permitirá evaluar la adecuación de esta actividad en el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos. Esta metodología docente se incorporará entre las actividades que se desarrollan en el aula práctica de la asignatura de Prácticas Tuteladas., The concept map is a knowledge organising tool that promotes learning and teamwork, as well as increasing student motivation and interest. A concept map has been designed to facilitate learning about the dispensing of paediatric antibiotics at the Pharmacy Office using the Wooclap app. Four main blocks have been defined: knowledge of the necessary data in a prescription, calculation of paediatric doses, reconstitution and conservation, of the medication, and a satisfaction survey has also been developed to evaluate the suitability of this activity in the students' learning process. This teaching methodology will be incorporated into the activities carried out in the practical classroom of the Training Placements subject.

Procedimiento para obtener un hidrolizado enzimático a partir de semillas sobremaduras de uva y uso del mismo. La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento basado en la hidrólisis enzimática en medio básico de la fracción proteica de semillas de uva sobremaduras para la obtención un hidrolizado enzimático natural de peso molecular variable. La presente invención también se refiere al hidrolizado enzimático obtenido por dicho procedimiento y al uso del mismo como estabilizante del color en vinos tintos.

Procedimiento para obtener un hidrolizado enzimático a partir de semillas sobremaduras de uva y uso del mismo. La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento basado en la hidrólisis enzimática en medio básico de la fracción proteica de semillas de uva sobremaduras para la obtención un hidrolizado enzimático natural de peso molecular variable. La presente invención también se refiere al hidrolizado enzimático obtenido por dicho procedimiento y al uso del mismo como estabilizante del color en vinos tintos.

The individual preferences of 100 consumers between 20 and 30 years old for the color of 16 milk–fruit juice beverages (MFJB) were investigated by preference mapping technique. Consumers were asked to evaluate, just by looking at the samples, how much they liked them (from “Extremely dislike” to “Extremely like”). The color of the samples was analyzed by two different instrumental techniques. Results obtained from the instrumental color measurement showed the wide diversity in hues of the beverages available in the market, and correlations between techniques proved that both of them were appropriate to analyze color. Results showed that participants preferred samples with orangish appearance instead of those with a whiter look. Anyway, punctuations given by the consumers suggest that generally, color of these products is not highly evaluated by consumers, as the best mean punctuation was 6.6.

The individual preferences of 100 consumers between 20 and 30 years old for the color of 16 milk–fruit juice beverages (MFJB) were investigated by preference mapping technique. Consumers were asked to evaluate, just by looking at the samples, how much they liked them (from “Extremely dislike” to “Extremely like”). The color of the samples was analyzed by two different instrumental techniques. Results obtained from the instrumental color measurement showed the wide diversity in hues of the beverages available in the market, and correlations between techniques proved that both of them were appropriate to analyze color. Results showed that participants preferred samples with orangish appearance instead of those with a whiter look. Anyway, punctuations given by the consumers suggest that generally, color of these products is not highly evaluated by consumers, as the best mean punctuation was 6.6.

La maceración del mosto con los hollejos antes de la fermentación, como proceso de mejora de las características aromáticas en los vinos blancos, produce un cambio en la composición fenólica del vino dependiendo principalmente del tiempo y la temperatura. Durante los ensayos de maceración realizados en mostos de Zalema se produce un incremento significativo (p<0.001) del contenido de flavonoides, principalmente catequina y quercetina-3-rutinosido, siendo este incremento mayor en mostos macerados a temperaturas elevadas. El análisis discriminante permite diferenciar los mostos por la temperatura de maceración, siendo los flavonoides y los ácidos hidroxicinámicos las variables con mayor poder discriminatorio. La maceración prefermentativa produce una variación de todos los parámetros colorimétricos estudiados, más intensas en los mostos macerados a mayores temperaturas (20 oC y 25 oC). Si se correlacionan los parámetros del color con la composición fenólica se observa que los mayores coeficientes de regresión se establecen entre el ácido caftárico y las variables cromáticas b* y croma (C*ab). Con el fin de establecer si las diferentes temperaturas de maceración conducen a vinos diferentes en cuanto a su composición fenólica y color, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de la varianza en el que se ha puesto de manifiesto diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los compuestos fenólicos pero no sobre los parámetros cromáticos estudiados.

La maceración del mosto con los hollejos antes de la fermentación, como proceso de mejora de las características aromáticas en los vinos blancos, produce un cambio en la composición fenólica del vino dependiendo principalmente del tiempo y la temperatura. Durante los ensayos de maceración realizados en mostos de Zalema se produce un incremento significativo (p<0.001) del contenido de flavonoides, principalmente catequina y quercetina-3-rutinosido, siendo este incremento mayor en mostos macerados a temperaturas elevadas. El análisis discriminante permite diferenciar los mostos por la temperatura de maceración, siendo los flavonoides y los ácidos hidroxicinámicos las variables con mayor poder discriminatorio. La maceración prefermentativa produce una variación de todos los parámetros colorimétricos estudiados, más intensas en los mostos macerados a mayores temperaturas (20 oC y 25 oC). Si se correlacionan los parámetros del color con la composición fenólica se observa que los mayores coeficientes de regresión se establecen entre el ácido caftárico y las variables cromáticas b* y croma (C*ab). Con el fin de establecer si las diferentes temperaturas de maceración conducen a vinos diferentes en cuanto a su composición fenólica y color, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de la varianza en el que se ha puesto de manifiesto diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los compuestos fenólicos pero no sobre los parámetros cromáticos estudiados.

Procedimiento de mejora para la extracción de compuestos volátiles y cromáticos de la uva. La presente invención tiene por objeto mejorar el proceso de criomaceración prefermentativa en la elaboración de vinos consistente en el enfriamiento homogéneo de toda la masa de la vendimia (mosto y partes sólidas, hollejos y semillas) dispuesta en un depósito de acero inoxidable. El procedimiento consiste en la recirculación del mosto desde la parte inferior del depósito, pasando por un intercambiador de frío, hacia la parte superior del depósito, y por gravedad y percolación, el mosto frío atraviesa sucesivamente la parte sólida, extrayendo de ésta los compuestos solubles al mosto. Con este procedimiento se consigue aumentar la extracción de compuestos volátiles presentes en los hollejos de las uvas, en la elaboración de vinos blancos y aumentar la extracción de compuestos cromáticos en los vinos tintos.

Procedimiento de mejora para la extracción de compuestos volátiles y cromáticos de la uva. La presente invención tiene por objeto mejorar el proceso de criomaceración prefermentativa en la elaboración de vinos consistente en el enfriamiento homogéneo de toda la masa de la vendimia (mosto y partes sólidas, hollejos y semillas) dispuesta en un depósito de acero inoxidable. El procedimiento consiste en la recirculación del mosto desde la parte inferior del depósito, pasando por un intercambiador de frío, hacia la parte superior del depósito, y por gravedad y percolación, el mosto frío atraviesa sucesivamente la parte sólida, extrayendo de ésta los compuestos solubles al mosto. Con este procedimiento se consigue aumentar la extracción de compuestos volátiles presentes en los hollejos de las uvas, en la elaboración de vinos blancos y aumentar la extracción de compuestos cromáticos en los vinos tintos.

Background: This study assesses the effect of slight hue variations in orange juice (reddish to greenish) on perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and on expected and actual liking. A commercial orange juice (COJ) was selected as a control, and colour-modified orange juices were prepared by adding red or green food dyes (ROJ and GOJ) that did not alter the flavour of the juice. A series of paired comparison tests were performed by 30 naive panellists to determine the influence of orange juice colour on flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness. Then, 100 orange juice consumers were asked to rate expected liking of orange juice samples initially by visual evaluation and subsequently for actual liking upon consumption, using a labelled affective magnitude scale. Results: Results of pair comparison tests indicated that colour changes did not affect flavour intensity and sweetness, but the greenish hue (GOJ) significantly increased the perceived sourness. Results of the consumers’ study indicated significant differences in expected liking between the orange juice samples, with ROJ having the highest expected liking. However, scores of actual liking after consumption were not significantly different. COJ and GOJ showed a significant increase in actual liking compared to expected liking. Conclusions: This study shed light on how slight variations in orange juice hue (reddish to greenish hues) affect the perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and the expected and actual liking of orange juice.

The impact of orange juice pulp on the physical release of limonene to the headspace of freshly prepared orange juice was evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to analyse the impact of the matrix on the dynamic release of the volatile aroma compound, limonene, in orange juice. Pulp and aqueous serum was isolated (by centrifugation and filtration) from freshly prepared orange juice and subsequently reconstituted at varying pulp addition levels in serum (0g/100 g–20 g/100 g, wwb). The addition of pulp significantly enhanced the static headspace concentration of limonene with a 210 fold increase with 10 g/100 g pulp addition. In addition, pulp enhanced the ability of the orange juice serum to replenish limonene in the headspace after dynamic headspace dilution. The release of limonene was studied under realistic consumer consumption conditions (In-nose delivery) by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry; pulp significantly enhanced the amount of limonene exhaled in the nasal airflow (retronasal delivery). Surprisingly, given the variations in limonene concentration, naïve consumers did not perceive samples as significantly different on consumption. This is presumably due to the wide range of other aroma compounds not evaluated in this study that contribute to the perceived aroma.

Background: This study assesses the effect of slight hue variations in orange juice (reddish to greenish) on perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and on expected and actual liking. A commercial orange juice (COJ) was selected as a control, and colour-modified orange juices were prepared by adding red or green food dyes (ROJ and GOJ) that did not alter the flavour of the juice. A series of paired comparison tests were performed by 30 naive panellists to determine the influence of orange juice colour on flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness. Then, 100 orange juice consumers were asked to rate expected liking of orange juice samples initially by visual evaluation and subsequently for actual liking upon consumption, using a labelled affective magnitude scale. Results: Results of pair comparison tests indicated that colour changes did not affect flavour intensity and sweetness, but the greenish hue (GOJ) significantly increased the perceived sourness. Results of the consumers’ study indicated significant differences in expected liking between the orange juice samples, with ROJ having the highest expected liking. However, scores of actual liking after consumption were not significantly different. COJ and GOJ showed a significant increase in actual liking compared to expected liking. Conclusions: This study shed light on how slight variations in orange juice hue (reddish to greenish hues) affect the perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and the expected and actual liking of orange juice.

The impact of orange juice pulp on the physical release of limonene to the headspace of freshly prepared orange juice was evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to analyse the impact of the matrix on the dynamic release of the volatile aroma compound, limonene, in orange juice. Pulp and aqueous serum was isolated (by centrifugation and filtration) from freshly prepared orange juice and subsequently reconstituted at varying pulp addition levels in serum (0g/100 g–20 g/100 g, wwb). The addition of pulp significantly enhanced the static headspace concentration of limonene with a 210 fold increase with 10 g/100 g pulp addition. In addition, pulp enhanced the ability of the orange juice serum to replenish limonene in the headspace after dynamic headspace dilution. The release of limonene was studied under realistic consumer consumption conditions (In-nose delivery) by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry; pulp significantly enhanced the amount of limonene exhaled in the nasal airflow (retronasal delivery). Surprisingly, given the variations in limonene concentration, naïve consumers did not perceive samples as significantly different on consumption. This is presumably due to the wide range of other aroma compounds not evaluated in this study that contribute to the perceived aroma.

Background: This study assesses the effect of slight hue variations in orange juice (reddish to greenish) on perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and on expected and actual liking. A commercial orange juice (COJ) was selected as a control, and colour-modified orange juices were prepared by adding red or green food dyes (ROJ and GOJ) that did not alter the flavour of the juice. A series of paired comparison tests were performed by 30 naive panellists to determine the influence of orange juice colour on flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness. Then, 100 orange juice consumers were asked to rate expected liking of orange juice samples initially by visual evaluation and subsequently for actual liking upon consumption, using a labelled affective magnitude scale. Results: Results of pair comparison tests indicated that colour changes did not affect flavour intensity and sweetness, but the greenish hue (GOJ) significantly increased the perceived sourness. Results of the consumers’ study indicated significant differences in expected liking between the orange juice samples, with ROJ having the highest expected liking. However, scores of actual liking after consumption were not significantly different. COJ and GOJ showed a significant increase in actual liking compared to expected liking. Conclusions: This study shed light on how slight variations in orange juice hue (reddish to greenish hues) affect the perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and the expected and actual liking of orange juice.

The impact of orange juice pulp on the physical release of limonene to the headspace of freshly prepared orange juice was evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to analyse the impact of the matrix on the dynamic release of the volatile aroma compound, limonene, in orange juice. Pulp and aqueous serum was isolated (by centrifugation and filtration) from freshly prepared orange juice and subsequently reconstituted at varying pulp addition levels in serum (0g/100 g–20 g/100 g, wwb). The addition of pulp significantly enhanced the static headspace concentration of limonene with a 210 fold increase with 10 g/100 g pulp addition. In addition, pulp enhanced the ability of the orange juice serum to replenish limonene in the headspace after dynamic headspace dilution. The release of limonene was studied under realistic consumer consumption conditions (In-nose delivery) by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry; pulp significantly enhanced the amount of limonene exhaled in the nasal airflow (retronasal delivery). Surprisingly, given the variations in limonene concentration, naïve consumers did not perceive samples as significantly different on consumption. This is presumably due to the wide range of other aroma compounds not evaluated in this study that contribute to the perceived aroma.

Background: This study assesses the effect of slight hue variations in orange juice (reddish to greenish) on perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and on expected and actual liking. A commercial orange juice (COJ) was selected as a control, and colour-modified orange juices were prepared by adding red or green food dyes (ROJ and GOJ) that did not alter the flavour of the juice. A series of paired comparison tests were performed by 30 naive panellists to determine the influence of orange juice colour on flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness. Then, 100 orange juice consumers were asked to rate expected liking of orange juice samples initially by visual evaluation and subsequently for actual liking upon consumption, using a labelled affective magnitude scale. Results: Results of pair comparison tests indicated that colour changes did not affect flavour intensity and sweetness, but the greenish hue (GOJ) significantly increased the perceived sourness. Results of the consumers’ study indicated significant differences in expected liking between the orange juice samples, with ROJ having the highest expected liking. However, scores of actual liking after consumption were not significantly different. COJ and GOJ showed a significant increase in actual liking compared to expected liking. Conclusions: This study shed light on how slight variations in orange juice hue (reddish to greenish hues) affect the perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and the expected and actual liking of orange juice.

The impact of orange juice pulp on the physical release of limonene to the headspace of freshly prepared orange juice was evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to analyse the impact of the matrix on the dynamic release of the volatile aroma compound, limonene, in orange juice. Pulp and aqueous serum was isolated (by centrifugation and filtration) from freshly prepared orange juice and subsequently reconstituted at varying pulp addition levels in serum (0g/100 g–20 g/100 g, wwb). The addition of pulp significantly enhanced the static headspace concentration of limonene with a 210 fold increase with 10 g/100 g pulp addition. In addition, pulp enhanced the ability of the orange juice serum to replenish limonene in the headspace after dynamic headspace dilution. The release of limonene was studied under realistic consumer consumption conditions (In-nose delivery) by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry; pulp significantly enhanced the amount of limonene exhaled in the nasal airflow (retronasal delivery). Surprisingly, given the variations in limonene concentration, naïve consumers did not perceive samples as significantly different on consumption. This is presumably due to the wide range of other aroma compounds not evaluated in this study that contribute to the perceived aroma.

Background: This study assesses the effect of slight hue variations in orange juice (reddish to greenish) on perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and on expected and actual liking. A commercial orange juice (COJ) was selected as a control, and colour-modified orange juices were prepared by adding red or green food dyes (ROJ and GOJ) that did not alter the flavour of the juice. A series of paired comparison tests were performed by 30 naive panellists to determine the influence of orange juice colour on flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness. Then, 100 orange juice consumers were asked to rate expected liking of orange juice samples initially by visual evaluation and subsequently for actual liking upon consumption, using a labelled affective magnitude scale. Results: Results of pair comparison tests indicated that colour changes did not affect flavour intensity and sweetness, but the greenish hue (GOJ) significantly increased the perceived sourness. Results of the consumers’ study indicated significant differences in expected liking between the orange juice samples, with ROJ having the highest expected liking. However, scores of actual liking after consumption were not significantly different. COJ and GOJ showed a significant increase in actual liking compared to expected liking. Conclusions: This study shed light on how slight variations in orange juice hue (reddish to greenish hues) affect the perceived flavour intensity, sweetness, and sourness, and the expected and actual liking of orange juice.

The impact of orange juice pulp on the physical release of limonene to the headspace of freshly prepared orange juice was evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to analyse the impact of the matrix on the dynamic release of the volatile aroma compound, limonene, in orange juice. Pulp and aqueous serum was isolated (by centrifugation and filtration) from freshly prepared orange juice and subsequently reconstituted at varying pulp addition levels in serum (0g/100 g–20 g/100 g, wwb). The addition of pulp significantly enhanced the static headspace concentration of limonene with a 210 fold increase with 10 g/100 g pulp addition. In addition, pulp enhanced the ability of the orange juice serum to replenish limonene in the headspace after dynamic headspace dilution. The release of limonene was studied under realistic consumer consumption conditions (In-nose delivery) by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry; pulp significantly enhanced the amount of limonene exhaled in the nasal airflow (retronasal delivery). Surprisingly, given the variations in limonene concentration, naïve consumers did not perceive samples as significantly different on consumption. This is presumably due to the wide range of other aroma compounds not evaluated in this study that contribute to the perceived aroma.