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Open science and collaboration are necessary to facilitate the advancement of Parkinson's disease (PD) research. Hackathons are collaborative events that bring together people with different skill sets and backgrounds to generate resources and creative solutions to problems. These events can be used as training and networking opportunities, thus we coordinated a virtual 3-day hackathon event, during which 49 early-career scientists from 12 countries built tools and pipelines with a focus on PD. Resources were created with the goal of helping scientists accelerate their own research by having access to the necessary code and tools. Each team was allocated one of nine different projects, each with a different goal. These included developing post-genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis pipelines, downstream analysis of genetic variation pipelines, and various visualization tools. Hackathons are a valuable approach to inspire creative thinking, supplement training in data science, and foster collaborative scientific relationships, which are foundational practices for early-career researchers. The resources generated can be used to accelerate research on the genetics of PD.

The Foundational Data Initiative for Parkinson Disease (FOUNDIN-PD) is an international collaboration producing fundamental resources for Parkinson disease (PD). FOUNDIN-PD generated a multi-layered molecular dataset in a cohort of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines differentiated to dopaminergic (DA) neurons, a major affected cell type in PD. The lines were derived from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative study, which included participants with PD carrying monogenic PD variants, variants with intermediate effects, and variants identified by genome-wide association studies and unaffected individuals. We generated genetic, epigenetic, regulatory, transcriptomic, and longitudinal cellular imaging data from iPSC-derived DA neurons to understand molecular relationships between disease-associated genetic variation and proximate molecular events. These data reveal that iPSC-derived DA neurons provide a valuable cellular context and foundational atlas for modeling PD genetic risk. We have integrated these data into a FOUNDIN-PD data browser as a resource for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of PD.

Статья посвящена некоторым социально-педагогическим аспектам образования и воспитания в образовательных учреждениях разного уровня. Приводятся данные социологического опроса о необходимости и целесообразности осуществления воспитательных функций в процессе образования и профессиональной подготовки обучающихся. Воспитание и образование – два взаимосвязанных процесса. Сегодня школа и вуз реально влияют на воспитание, мотивируют молодых людей на принятие той или иной модели поведения.

Статья посвящена проблеме эффективного развития интеллектуальных способностей детей дошкольного возраста – одной из актуальных проблем современности, которая связана с развитием мыслительных процессов детей – способностью обобщать, сравнивать объекты, классифицировать их, выделять существенные признаки, делать вывод. Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт дошкольного образования в области Познавательного развития предлагает развитие интересов детей, познавательной и любознательности мотивации; формирование познавательных действий; направляет нас на использование в образовательной деятельности игровой, познавательно – исследовательской деятельности воспитанников. Поэтому использование развивающей игры в образовательной деятельности по формированию элементарных математических представлений соответствует современным требованиям.

Статья посвящена проблеме эффективного развития интеллектуальных способностей детей дошкольного возраста – одной из актуальных проблем современности, которая связана с развитием мыслительных процессов детей – способностью обобщать, сравнивать объекты, классифицировать их, выделять существенные признаки, делать вывод. Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт дошкольного образования в области Познавательного развития предлагает развитие интересов детей, познавательной и любознательности мотивации; формирование познавательных действий; направляет нас на использование в образовательной деятельности игровой, познавательно – исследовательской деятельности воспитанников. Поэтому использование развивающей игры в образовательной деятельности по формированию элементарных математических представлений соответствует современным требованиям.

U ovom istraživanju je ispitivan učinak polimorfizma gena za k-kazein na tehnološke karakteristike mlijeka u prahu dobivenog sušenjem raspršivanjem (AA1: BB1) i liofilizacijom (AA2: BB2). Korištene su standardne i općeprihvaćene metode fizikalno-kemijskih analiza mliječnih proizvoda, kao i metode za procjenu toplinske stabilnosti i prikladnosti mlijeka za proizvodnju sira. Najveću stabilnost naspram toplinskih tretmana pokazali su uzorci mlijeka u kojima je prevladavalo mlijeko krava s genotipom AA CSN3, pri pH od 6,4 do 7,0 (36-91 minuta za AA1: BB1 i 37-101 minuta za AA2: BB2). U modelnim sustavima s 25 % do 100 % mlijeka krava s genotipom AA CSN3 dobivenim liofilizacijom utvrđena je veća (za 3-10 %) termostabilnost proteina u rasponu pH od 6,4 do 7,0 u usporedbi s uzorkom dobivenim sušenjem raspršivanjem. Analiza rezultata vezanih uz prikladnost mlijeka za proizvodnju sira pokazala je da se s porastom udjela mlijeka krava s genotipom BB CSN3 od 0 % do 100 % u modelnim sustavima, trajanje koagulacije sirilom smanjuje za sve uzorke, bez obzira na metodu sušenja mlijeka. Utvrđeno je da su korištenjem liofilizacije koagulumi svih uzoraka svrstani u najvišu kvalitetu mlijeka u pogledu prikladnosti za proizvodnju sira, dok su kod uzoraka dobivenih sušenja raspršivanjem u ovu kategoriju bili svrstani samo oni koji se sastoje od min. 75 % mlijeka dobivenog od krava s genotipom BB CSN3., In this study the effect of k-casein gene polymorphism on the technological characteristics of milk powder obtained by spray (AA1:BB1) and freeze drying (AA2:BB2) was investigated. Standardized and generally accepted methods were used in the field of physical and chemical control of dairy products, as well as methods for assessing the heat stability and cheese making properties of milk. The most heat-resistant were the samples with a predominance of milk obtained from cows with the AA CSN3 genotype, in the pH range from 6.4 to 7.0 (36-91 minutes for AA1:BB1 and 37-101 minutes for AA2:BB2). In systems with a fraction of 25% to 100% of milk from cows with the AA CSN3 genotype obtained by freeze drying, higher (by 3-10%) stabilization qualities of protein were revealed when heated in the pH range from 6.4 to 7.0 compared to spray drying. The analysis of the results regarding the cheese making properties showed that with an increase in the proportion of milk from cows with the BB CSN3 genotype from 0% to 100% in model systems, the rennet coagulation time decreases for all samples, regardless of the drying method. It was also found that when using freeze drying, coagulum of all samples were assigned to the highest class of milk quality in terms of cheese making properties, while during spray drying only the samples consisting of min. 75% or completely of milk obtained from cows with genotype BB CSN3 corresponded to this category.

The relevance of this study is due to the challenges of the global pandemic, which has led to the large-scale development of education digitalization. In this regard, this article is devoted to revealing the features of remote learning in the context of a global pandemic, identifying the risks and benefits of digital learning. The article reveals the discursive content of the counter-pandemic vector of distance learning for University students; defines the classification of risks and advantages of large-scale digitalization of students’ remote learning. Based on the results of the study, the authors justified the consolidated model of students distance learning, the counter-pandemic vector of which is a large-scale digitalization of the University educational process. The effectiveness of the model is proved by the results of its use in the process of large-scale digitalization of students’ remote learning in the context of a global pandemic. The materials of the article have practical application and can be useful in the development and implementation of digital educational complexes. They are recommended to teachers and students of the University, methodologists, curators, Tutors., La relevancia de este estudio se debe a los desafíos de la pandemia global, que ha llevado al desarrollo a gran escala de la digitalización de la educación. En este sentido, este artículo está dedicado a revelar las características del aprendizaje remoto en el contexto de una pandemia global, identificando los riesgos y beneficios del aprendizaje digital. El artículo revela el contenido discursivo del vector antipandémico del aprendizaje a distancia para estudiantes universitarios; define la clasificación de riesgos y ventajas de la digitalización a gran escala del aprendizaje remoto de los estudiantes. A partir de los resultados del estudio, los autores justificaron el modelo consolidado de educación a distancia de los estudiantes, cuyo vector contrapandémico es la digitalización a gran escala del proceso educativo universitario. La eficacia del modelo queda demostrada por los resultados de su uso en el proceso de digitalización a gran escala del aprendizaje remoto de los estudiantes en el contexto de una pandemia mundial. Los materiales del artículo tienen aplicación práctica y pueden ser útiles en el desarrollo e implementación de complejos educativos digitales. Se recomiendan a profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad, metodólogos, curadores, Tutores.

U ovom istraživanju je ispitivan učinak polimorfizma gena za k-kazein na tehnološke karakteristike mlijeka u prahu dobivenog sušenjem raspršivanjem (AA1: BB1) i liofilizacijom (AA2: BB2). Korištene su standardne i općeprihvaćene metode fizikalno-kemijskih analiza mliječnih proizvoda, kao i metode za procjenu toplinske stabilnosti i prikladnosti mlijeka za proizvodnju sira. Najveću stabilnost naspram toplinskih tretmana pokazali su uzorci mlijeka u kojima je prevladavalo mlijeko krava s genotipom AA CSN3, pri pH od 6,4 do 7,0 (36-91 minuta za AA1: BB1 i 37-101 minuta za AA2: BB2). U modelnim sustavima s 25 % do 100 % mlijeka krava s genotipom AA CSN3 dobivenim liofilizacijom utvrđena je veća (za 3-10 %) termostabilnost proteina u rasponu pH od 6,4 do 7,0 u usporedbi s uzorkom dobivenim sušenjem raspršivanjem. Analiza rezultata vezanih uz prikladnost mlijeka za proizvodnju sira pokazala je da se s porastom udjela mlijeka krava s genotipom BB CSN3 od 0 % do 100 % u modelnim sustavima, trajanje koagulacije sirilom smanjuje za sve uzorke, bez obzira na metodu sušenja mlijeka. Utvrđeno je da su korištenjem liofilizacije koagulumi svih uzoraka svrstani u najvišu kvalitetu mlijeka u pogledu prikladnosti za proizvodnju sira, dok su kod uzoraka dobivenih sušenja raspršivanjem u ovu kategoriju bili svrstani samo oni koji se sastoje od min. 75 % mlijeka dobivenog od krava s genotipom BB CSN3., In this study the effect of k-casein gene polymorphism on the technological characteristics of milk powder obtained by spray (AA1:BB1) and freeze drying (AA2:BB2) was investigated. Standardized and generally accepted methods were used in the field of physical and chemical control of dairy products, as well as methods for assessing the heat stability and cheese making properties of milk. The most heat-resistant were the samples with a predominance of milk obtained from cows with the AA CSN3 genotype, in the pH range from 6.4 to 7.0 (36-91 minutes for AA1:BB1 and 37-101 minutes for AA2:BB2). In systems with a fraction of 25% to 100% of milk from cows with the AA CSN3 genotype obtained by freeze drying, higher (by 3-10%) stabilization qualities of protein were revealed when heated in the pH range from 6.4 to 7.0 compared to spray drying. The analysis of the results regarding the cheese making properties showed that with an increase in the proportion of milk from cows with the BB CSN3 genotype from 0% to 100% in model systems, the rennet coagulation time decreases for all samples, regardless of the drying method. It was also found that when using freeze drying, coagulum of all samples were assigned to the highest class of milk quality in terms of cheese making properties, while during spray drying only the samples consisting of min. 75% or completely of milk obtained from cows with genotype BB CSN3 corresponded to this category.

The near-infrared (NIR) spectral range (from 780 to 2500 nm) of the multispectral remote sensing imagery provides vital information for the landcover classification, especially concerning the vegetation assessment. Despite the usefulness of NIR, common RGB is not always accompanied by it. Modern achievements in image processing via deep neural networks allow generating artificial spectral information, such as for the image colorization problem. In this research, we aim to investigate whether this approach can produce not only visually similar images but also an artificial spectral band that can improve the performance of computer vision algorithms for solving remote sensing tasks. We study the generative adversarial network (GAN) approach in the task of the NIR band generation using just RGB channels of high-resolution satellite imagery. We evaluate the impact of a generated channel on the model performance for solving the forest segmentation task. Our results show an increase in model accuracy when using generated NIR comparing to the baseline model that uses only RGB (0.947 and 0.914 F1-score accordingly). Conducted study shows the advantages of generating the extra band and its implementation in applied challenges reducing the required amount of labeled data.

Today deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) push the limits for most computer vision problems, define trends, and set state-of-the-art results. In remote sensing tasks such as object detection and semantic segmentation, CNNs reach the SotA performance. However, for precise performance, CNNs require much high-quality training data. Rare objects and the variability of environmental conditions strongly affect prediction stability and accuracy. To overcome these data restrictions, it is common to consider various approaches including data augmentation techniques. This study focuses on the development and testing of object-based augmentation. The practical usefulness of the developed augmentation technique is shown in the remote sensing domain, being one of the most demanded ineffective augmentation techniques. We propose a novel pipeline for georeferenced image augmentation that enables a significant increase in the number of training samples. The presented pipeline is called object-based augmentation (OBA) and exploits objects' segmentation masks to produce new realistic training scenes using target objects and various label-free backgrounds. We test the approach on the buildings segmentation dataset with six different CNN architectures and show that the proposed method benefits for all the tested models. We also show that further augmentation strategy optimization can improve the results. The proposed method leads to the meaningful improvement of U-Net model predictions from 0.78 to 0.83 F1-score.

Статья посвящена знакомству студентов неязыковых вузов центрального региона Российской Федерации с новым лексическим материалом, касающимся природного ландшафта Байкальского государственного природного биосферного заповедника.

Статья посвящена знакомству студентов неязыковых вузов центрального региона Российской Федерации с новым лексическим материалом, касающимся природного ландшафта Байкальского государственного природного биосферного заповедника.

Авторы статьи рассматривают основные принципы и этапы технологии продуктивного чтения, направленной на овладение обучающимися навыками аналитического прочтения художественных произведений и на полноценное восприятие и понимание ими прочитанного текста в условиях билингвизма. Данные теоретические сведения далее иллюстрируются на примере одного урока литературы, проведенного учителем.

A scheme is proposed that explains the appearance of several β-solid solutions that differ in chemical composition when the VST3553 alloy with the addition of tin and zirconium is heated to a temperature of 750 °C. It is shown that heating to a higher temperature of 770 °C contributes to more intense diffusion redistribution of alloying elements and the disappearance of this phenomenon., Предложена схема, объясняющая появление нескольких β-твердых растворов, отличающихся друг от друга по химическому составу при нагреве сплава VST3553 с добавками олова и циркония до температуры 750 °C. Показано, что нагрев до более высокой температуры 770 °C способствует более интенсивному протеканию диффузионного перераспределения легирующих элементов и исчезновению этого явления.

In this paper, the methods of macro, micro, X-ray structural and durometric analyzes were used to study the changes of macro, microstructure and hardness for the large-sized hotworked pipe billet of VT–14 alloy., В работе методами макро-, микро-, рентгеноструктурного и дюрометрического анализов исследовано изменение макро-, микроструктуры и твердости по сечению крупногабаритной горячедеформированной трубной заготовки из сплава ВТ14.

The evolution of the structure and properties of the Ti–3Al–2,5V alloy during tube producing by the TREX technology using the methods of optical microscopy, REM, durometry, mechanical compression and tension tests were studied., В работе методами оптической, растровой микроскопии, РСФА, дюрометрии, механических испытаний на сжатие и растяжение изучено изменение структуры и свойств трубной заготовки из сплава Ti–3Al–2,5V на различных этапах получения по технологии TREX.

[Background] Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with an often complex component identifiable by genome‐wide association studies. The most recent large‐scale PD genome‐wide association studies have identified more than 90 independent risk variants for PD risk and progression across more than 80 genomic regions. One major challenge in current genomics is the identification of the causal gene(s) and variant(s) at each genome‐wide association study locus. The objective of the current study was to create a tool that would display data for relevant PD risk loci and provide guidance with the prioritization of causal genes and potential mechanisms at each locus., [Methods] We included all significant genome‐wide signals from multiple recent PD genome‐wide association studies including themost recent PD risk genome‐wide association study, age‐at‐onset genome‐wide association study, progression genome‐wide association study, and Asian population PD risk genome‐wide association study. We gathered data for all genes 1 Mb up and downstream of each variant to allow users to assess which gene(s) are most associated with the variant of interest based on a set of self‐ranked criteria. Multiple databases were queried for each gene to collect additional causal data., [Results] We created a PD genome‐wide association study browser tool (https://pdgenetics.shinyapps.io/GWASBrowser/) to assist the PD research community with the prioritization of genes for follow‐up functional studies to identify potential therapeutic targets., [Conclusions] Our PD genome‐wide association study browser tool provides users with a useful method of identifying potential causal genes at all known PD risk loci from large‐scale PD genome‐wide association studies. We plan to update this tool with new relevant data as sample sizes increase and new PD risk loci are discovered. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

In this paper structure and hardness variations through the section of the hot-forged pipe billet from the PT-1M alloy were studied by the methods of macro, micro, X-ray structural and durometric analyzes. A coarse nonuniform structure through sections of the pipe billet and the relationship between the structure and the hardness were established.

In this paper the interrelation between the structure, hardness and strain resistance at 875 ∘C of the hot-forged pipe billet of the titanium alloy PT-7M (Ti-2.2Al-2.5Zr) was studied by the methods of macro, micro, XRDA, durometric analyzes and hot upsetting operation at 875 ∘C. It was found, that the volume fraction of the large grains reduced and recrystallized from the center to the surface of the pipe billet. As a result, hardness and strain resistance grew at 875 ∘C from the center to the surface of the billet.

In this paper the macro-, microstructure, the hardness and the modulus of elasticity for the billet of the PT-1M alloy after expanding was studied. It was shown the expanding resulted to grain refinement near inner surface of the billet due to the recrystallization. The relationship between the structure through sections, the hardness and the modulus of elasticity was established.

In this paper the macro- and microstructure for the shell-billet from PT‑1M alloy after expanding was studied. It was shown the expanding resulted to grain refinement near inner surface of the shell-billet due to the recrystallization., В работе изучено изменение макро- и микроструктуры в продольном, поперечном сечении трубной заготовки (гильзы) из сплава ПТ‑1М после экспандирования. Показано, что экспандирование способствует измельчению макро- и микрозерна у внутренней поверхности и в центральной части гильзы за счет инициирования процессов рекристаллизации.

Considered zinc and its use in construction, examples of application., Рассмотрены свойства цинка и примеры его использования в строительстве.

In this paper, the methods of macro, micro, X‑ray structural and durometric analyzes were used to study the changes of macro, microstructure and hardness for the large-sized hotworked pipe billet from PT‑1M alloy. It was found the coarse macro- and micro- structure over the cross section of the billet was formed. The correlation between the structure and the hardness was established., В работе методами макро-, микро-, рентгеноструктурного и дюрометрического анализов исследовано изменение макро-, микроструктуры и твердости по сечению крупногабаритной горячедеформированной трубной заготовки из сплава ПТ‑1М. Обнаружена неполная проработка макро-, микрозеренной структуры по сечению заготовки. Установлена взаимосвязь между формируемой структурой и твердостью.

In the work of making macro-, micro-, X‑ray structural analyzes, durometry and hot upsetting operation at 875 °C, changes in the structure, hardness and hot strength over the cross section of a hot-baked titanium alloy PT‑7M were studied. It was established that the macrostructure of the microstructure over the cross section of the investigated billet of alloy PT‑7M is characterized by a decrease in the proportion of large macrogranes and recrystallized grains from the center to the surface of the semi-finished product. This contributes to the growth of hardness, the real stresses duaring compression test at 875 °C with increasing distance from the center of the billet., В работе методами макро-, микро-, рентгеноструктурного анализов, дюрометрии и испытаний на горячую осадку при 875 °C изучено изменение структуры, твердости и горячей прочности по сечению горячекованной заготовки из титанового сплава ПТ‑7М. Установлено, что для макро-, микроструктуры по сечению исследованной заготовки из сплава ПТ‑7М характерно уменьшение доли крупных макрозерен и рекристаллизованных зерен от центра к поверхности полуфабриката. Это способствует росту твердости, истинных напряжений при испытаниях на сжатие при 875 °C по мере удаления от центра заготовки.

Pig iron, its types and use in construction, examples of application are considered., Рассмотрены свойства чугуна, его виды и примеры использования в строительстве.

Copper and its use in construction, examples of application are considered., Рассмотрены свойства меди и примеры ее использования в строительстве.

Considered lead and its use in construction, examples of application., Рассмотрены свойства свинца и примеры его использования в строительстве.

В данной статье рассматривается проблема проективного подхода в организации профессиональных проб. Смысл данного подхода в том, чтобы расширить опыт ученика, который будет обеспечивать его рост, сопоставит личный опыт и результат с аналогами, сможет развить свой внутренний мир, свои возможности и способности.

Впервые проведено исследование поверхности плодов 18 видов рода Nonea, встречающихся в Азербайджане, и одного вида Nonea флоры России. Показано, что строение и ультраскульптура поверхности эремов имеют диагностическое значение на надвидовом и видовом уровнях и могут быть использованы для систематики рода Nonea. Эремы изученных видов различаются по размерам, форме, опушению, структуре поверхности и строению цикатрикса. Признаки строения поверхности эремов подтвердили самостоятельность N. bakuensis Popov ex V. Karimov, N. cyanocalyx Popov ex V. Karimov и N. flavescens (C. A. Mey.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey. N. bakuensis отличается от близких видов N. caspica, N. diffusa и N. melanocarpa яйцевидной формой эремов и ультраструктурой поверхности (клетки с плоскими бугорками неправильной формы, расположенные плотно друг к другу). В группе видов N. pulla (L.) DC. вид N. cyanocalyx выделяется формой эремов (яйцевидные или яйцевидно-шаровидные с хорошо оттянутой верхушкой) и строением кольца цикатрикса (высокое, морщинистое, по краю отчетливо зубчатое). Вид N. flavescens хорошо отличим от N. lutea и N. setosa выраженной ребристостью эремов, имеющих интенсивное опушение и мощное утолщение кольца цикатрикса. Виды N. diffusa и N. melanocarpa, иногда рассматриваемые в качестве синонимов N. caspica, отличаются от последнего формой эремов, что показывает их неконспецифичность, In this SEM study, surface of the fruits of 19 species of the genus Nonea was investigated for the first time. It was concluded that characters of fruit morphology have the diagnostic value at the specific and supraspecific level for the purposes of Nonea taxonomy. The nutlets of the species studied differ in size, shape, pubescence, surface structure and the structure of the basal ring. Features of the structure of the nutlets surface confirmed the independence of N. bakuensis Popov ex V. Karimov, N. cyanocalyx Popov ex V. Karimov, and N. flavescens (C. A. Mey.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey. N. bakuensis differs from the closely related species N. caspica, N. diffusa, and N. melanocarpa by the ovoid nutlets and ultrastructure of the surface (cells with flat tubercles located tightly to each other). In the group of N. pulla (L.) DC., N. cyanocalyx is distinguished by the shape of the nutlets (ovoid or ovate-globose with a well-drawn apex) and the structure of the basal ring (high, wrinkled, distinctly serrate at the margin). N. flavescens is well distinguishable from N. lutea and N. setosa by having ribbed nutlets with intense pubescence and thick basal ring. N. diffusa and N. melanocarpa, sometimes considered as synonyms of N. caspica, differ from the latter by the form of the nutlets, which shows their non-conspecificity

In this SEM study, surface of the fruits of 19 species of the genus Nonea was investigated for the first time. It was concluded that characters of fruit morphology have the diagnostic value at the specific and supraspecific level for the purposes of Nonea taxonomy. The nutlets of the species studied differ in size, shape, pubescence, surface structure and the structure of the basal ring. Features of the structure of the nutlets surface confirmed the independence of N. bakuensis Popov ex V. Karimov, N. cyanocalyx Popov ex V. Karimov, and N. flavescens (C. A. Mey.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey. N. bakuensis differs from the closely related species N. caspica, N. diffusa, and N. melanocarpa by the ovoid nutlets and ultrastructure of the surface (cells with flat tubercles located tightly to each other). In the group of N. pulla (L.) DC., N. cyanocalyx is distinguished by the shape of the nutlets (ovoid or ovate-globose with a well-drawn apex) and the structure of the basal ring (high, wrinkled, distinctly serrate at the margin). N. flavescens is well distinguishable from N. lutea and N. setosa by having ribbed nutlets with intense pubescence and thick basal ring. N. diffusa and N. melanocarpa, sometimes considered as synonyms of N. caspica, differ from the latter by the form of the nutlets, which shows their non-conspecificity, Впервые проведено исследование поверхности плодов 18 видов рода Nonea, встречающихся в Азербайджане, и одного вида Nonea флоры России. Показано, что строение и ультраскульптура поверхности эремов имеют диагностическое значение на надвидовом и видовом уровнях и могут быть использованы для систематики рода Nonea. Эремы изученных видов различаются по размерам, форме, опушению, структуре поверхности и строению цикатрикса. Признаки строения поверхности эремов подтвердили самостоятельность N. bakuensis Popov ex V. Karimov, N. cyanocalyx Popov ex V. Karimov и N. flavescens (C. A. Mey.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey. N. bakuensis отличается от близких видов N. caspica, N. diffusa и N. melanocarpa яйцевидной формой эремов и ультраструктурой поверхности (клетки с плоскими бугорками неправильной формы, расположенные плотно друг к другу). В группе видов N. pulla (L.) DC. вид N. cyanocalyx выделяется формой эремов (яйцевидные или яйцевидно-шаровидные с хорошо оттянутой верхушкой) и строением кольца цикатрикса (высокое, морщинистое, по краю отчетливо зубчатое). Вид N. flavescens хорошо отличим от N. lutea и N. setosa выраженной ребристостью эремов, имеющих интенсивное опушение и мощное утолщение кольца цикатрикса. Виды N. diffusa и N. melanocarpa, иногда рассматриваемые в качестве синонимов N. caspica, отличаются от последнего формой эремов, что показывает их неконспецифичность

Рассмотрены виды термообработки алюминиевых сплавов, используемых для строительных конструкций различного назначения c заданным комплексом свойств., The types of heat treatment of aluminum alloys used for building structures of various purposes with the required complex of properties are considered.

Рассмотрены преимущества титана для использования в строительстве и архитектуре сооружений и примеры построенных с использованием титана зданий и монументов., The advantages of titanium for use in construction and architecture of structures and examples of buildings and monuments constructed with use titanium are considered.

Полимерные материалы получили широкое распространение в современной строительной отрасли благодаря своей дешевизне и разнообразию. В связи с их популярностью в настоящее время актуальность приобрели вопросы их токсической и пожарной опасности. В работе были исследованы образцы двух напольных синтетических строительных материалов. Результаты определения показателей пожарной опасности материалов (горючесть, воспламеняемость, коэффициент дымообразования) показали их соответствие действующим сертификатам. Исследованы свойства газообразных продуктов горения образцов методом термического анализа и ИК-Фурье анализа. Результаты анализа хлорид-ионов по методу Мора в продуктах термолиза свидетельствуют о токсичности исследованных материалов., Polymer materials have become widespread in the modern construction industry due to their cheapness and variety. With regard to their popularity at the present time there can appear the issues of their toxic and fire danger. The work has studied the samples of two floor synthetic building materials. The results of the determination of the fire hazard indicators of materials (combustibility, flammability, smoke ratio) showed their compliance with the current certificates. The authors have studied the properties of gaseous combustion products of samples by the method of thermal analysis and FTIR analysis. The results of chloride ions analysis according the formula of Maxwell-Mohr in thermolysis products indicate the toxicity of the materials studied.

Полимерные материалы получили широкое распространение в современной строительной отрасли благодаря своей дешевизне и разнообразию. В связи с их популярностью в настоящее время актуальность приобрели вопросы их токсической и пожарной опасности. В работе были исследованы образцы двух напольных синтетических строительных материалов. Результаты определения показателей пожарной опасности материалов (горючесть, воспламеняемость, коэффициент дымообразования) показали их соответствие действующим сертификатам. Исследованы свойства газообразных продуктов горения образцов методом термического анализа и ИК-Фурье анализа. Результаты анализа хлорид-ионов по методу Мора в продуктах термолиза свидетельствуют о токсичности исследованных материалов., Polymer materials have become widespread in the modern construction industry due to their cheapness and variety. With regard to their popularity at the present time there can appear the issues of their toxic and fire danger. The work has studied the samples of two floor synthetic building materials. The results of the determination of the fire hazard indicators of materials (combustibility, flammability, smoke ratio) showed their compliance with the current certificates. The authors have studied the properties of gaseous combustion products of samples by the method of thermal analysis and FTIR analysis. The results of chloride ions analysis according the formula of Maxwell-Mohr in thermolysis products indicate the toxicity of the materials studied.

в статье выделены основные концепции политики импортозамещения как основного инструмента решения экономических проблем в агропромышленном комплексе РФ. Авторами проведен анализ мероприятий по их решению.

в статье выделены основные концепции политики импортозамещения как основного инструмента решения экономических проблем в агропромышленном комплексе РФ. Авторами проведен анализ мероприятий по их решению.

в статье выделены основные концепции политики импортозамещения как основного инструмента решения экономических проблем в агропромышленном комплексе РФ. Авторами проведен анализ мероприятий по их решению.

The prefrontal cortex helps adjust an organism's behavior to its environment. In particular, numerous studies have implicated the prefrontal cortex in the control of social behavior, but the neural circuits that mediate these effects remain unknown. Here we investigated behavioral adaptation to social defeat in mice and uncovered a critical contribution of neural projections from the medial prefrontal cortex to the dorsal periaqueductal gray, a brainstem area vital for defensive responses. Social defeat caused a weakening of functional connectivity between these two areas, and selective inhibition of these projections mimicked the behavioral effects of social defeat. These findings define a specific neural projection by which the prefrontal cortex can control and adapt social behavior.

Migraine is a complex brain disorder, and understanding the complexity of this prevalent disease could improve quality of life for millions of people. Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 2 (FHM2) is a subtype of migraine with aura and co-morbidities like epilepsy/seizures, cognitive impairments and psychiatric manifestations, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). FHM2 disease-mutations locate to the ATP1A2 gene encoding the astrocyte-located α2-isoform of the sodium-potassium pump (α2Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase). We show that knock-in mice heterozygous for the FHM2-associated G301R-mutation (α2(+/G301R)) phenocopy several FHM2-relevant disease traits e.g., by mimicking mood depression and OCD. In vitro studies showed impaired glutamate uptake in hippocampal mixed astrocyte-neuron cultures from α2(G301R/G301R) E17 embryonic mice, and moreover, induction of cortical spreading depression (CSD) resulted in reduced recovery in α2(+/G301R) male mice. Moreover, NMDA-type glutamate receptor antagonists or progestin-only treatment reverted specific α2(+/G301R) behavioral phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate that studies of an in vivo relevant FHM2 disease knock-in mouse model provide a link between the female sex hormone cycle and the glutamate system and a link to co-morbid psychiatric manifestations of FHM2.

Методами пробных закалок и измерения термоэлектрического эффекта (эффекта Зеебека) определена температура полиморфного превращения сплава VST3553, дополнительно легированного цирконием и оловом., The polymorphic transformation temperature of VST3553 alloy droped with zirconium and tin was determined by means of the quenching method and the thermoelectric effect measurement (Seebeck effect).

Методами структурного анализа изучено изменение зеренной структуры в титановом сплаве ВТ22 с исходной структурой, полученной деформацией в двухфазной α+β- и однофазной β-области, в интервале температур нагрева 845–1250°С. Показано, что в сплаве, деформированном в двухфазной области, наблюдается активный рост β-зерна при температурах нагрева свыше 900°С, а в сплаве, деформированном в β-области, размер исходного β-зерна мало меняется вплоть до максимальной температуры нагрева., The changes in the grain structure of the titanium alloy VT22 with the original structure, resulting in deformation of the two-phase (α+β-) and single-phase β-field, in the range 845–1250 °C heating temperatures was investigated by methods of structural analysis. It is shown that the alloy deformed in α+β- field there is strong grain growth β -heating at temperatures in excess of 900 °C, and an alloy in β-deformed area, the size of the original β-grains varies little to the heating temperature up to 1200 °C.

Методом ДОЭ исследована структура сплава VST3553, дополнительно легированного оловом и цирконием, после горячей прокатки в (α+β)-области и последующего отжига. Показано влияние процессов возврата и рекристаллизации на формирование зеренной, субзеренной структуры и текстуры сплава по сечению прутка., The structure of VST3553 alloy with tin and zirconium was studied by means of EBSD analysis. The alloy was subjected to hot rolling in the (α + β)-region and subsequent annealing. The influence of the recovery and recrystallization on the grains/subgrain structure and texture formation through the cross section of the rod was shown.

Методами структурного анализа изучено изменение структуры, фазового состава в деформированных в (α+β)-области прутках из сплава ВТ22 в интервале температур закалки 820–870 ºС., Effect of quenching temperature (820–870 ºC) on the structure and phase composition of the alloy rods from the VT22 pre-deformed in the (α + β)-region was studied.

The global distribution of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) is a complex assembly consisting of a large number of populations and described subspecies. How these lineages are related to one another is still not fully resolved, largely due to the fact that large geographical regions remain poorly sampled both at the core and periphery of the species' range. Analyses of ancient wolves have also suffered from uneven sampling, but have shown indications of a major turnover at some point during the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in northern North America. Here we analyze variation in the mitochondrial control region in 122 contemporary wolves from some of the less studied populations, as well as six samples from the previously unstudied Greenland subspecies (Canis I. orlon) and two Late Pleistocene samples from Siberia. Together with the publicly available control region sequences of both modern and ancient wolves, this study examines genetic diversity on a wide geographical and temporal scale that includes both Eurasia and North America. We identify 13 new haplotypes, of which the majority is found in northern and eastern Asia. The results show that the Greenland samples are all represented by one haplotype, previously identified in North American wolves, among which this population seems to trace its maternal lineage. The phylogeny and network analyses show a wide spatial distribution of several lineages, but also some clusters with more distinct geographical affiliation. In North America, we find support for an end-Pleistocene population bottleneck through coalescent simulations under an approximate Bayesian framework in contrast to previous studies that suggested an extinction-replacement event. However, we find no support for a similar bottleneck in Eurasia. Overall, this global analysis helps to clarify our understanding of the complex history for wolves in Eurasia and North America., QC 20200407

в данной статье рассматривается проблема правового воспитания детей. Автор ставит своей целью знакомство дошкольников с основами человеческих прав. В работе также отмечается необходимость подготовки детей к восприятию содержания конвенции о правах ребёнка.

Methods of thermal analysis, related to the measurement of the electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power in heating, determined the temperature of polymorphic α+β̶ ̶ β - transformation (Tpt) in a near- β-titanium alloy TC6. It is shown that the resulting Tpt good coincides with the value Tpt calculated by chemical composition of the alloy., Методами термического анализа, связанными с измерением удельного электросопротивления и термоЭДС при нагреве, определена температура полиморфного α+β̶ ̶ β-превращения (Тпп) в псевдо- β-титановом сплаве ТС6. Показано, что полученная Тпп хорошо совпадает со значением Тпп, рассчитываемым по химическому составу сплава.