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There are two types of artificial heart valves, namely, (i) biological valves and (ii) mechanical valves. Biological heart valves are made from tissue taken from animals or human cadavers. They are treated with preservatives and sterilized for human implantation. On the other hand, mechanical heart valves are made of man-made materials. The advantage of mechanical valves over biological valves is that they normally last for a comparatively longer lifetime. The biological valves exhibit a shorter lifetime and tend to wear out with time in service. This chapter discusses mechanical heart valves and highlights the underlying problems faced with biomaterials used in the manufacture of such valves.

Implantable prosthesis and medical devices are subjected to several interacting forces whenever they come in contact with the physiologic systems (blood, immune, musculoskeletal, nervous, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary) and organs of the human body. These interactions include the effects of core body temperature (and/ or variable temperatures in the oral cavity), the body physiologic fluids containing several ions and bio-molecules, proteins and cells of various progeny and functions. This chapter focuses on cell-tissue-implant interactions and how carbon-based implants are being developed for next generation implantable devices.

There are two types of artificial heart valves, namely, (i) biological valves and (ii) mechanical valves. Biological heart valves are made from tissue taken from animals or human cadavers. They are treated with preservatives and sterilized for human implantation. On the other hand, mechanical heart valves are made of man-made materials. The advantage of mechanical valves over biological valves is that they normally last for a comparatively longer lifetime. The biological valves exhibit a shorter lifetime and tend to wear out with time in service. This chapter discusses mechanical heart valves and highlights the underlying problems faced with biomaterials used in the manufacture of such valves.

Implantable prosthesis and medical devices are subjected to several interacting forces whenever they come in contact with the physiologic systems (blood, immune, musculoskeletal, nervous, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary) and organs of the human body. These interactions include the effects of core body temperature (and/ or variable temperatures in the oral cavity), the body physiologic fluids containing several ions and bio-molecules, proteins and cells of various progeny and functions. This chapter focuses on cell-tissue-implant interactions and how carbon-based implants are being developed for next generation implantable devices.

Implantable prosthesis and medical devices are subjected to several interacting forces whenever they come in contact with the physiologic systems (blood, immune, musculoskeletal, nervous, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary) and organs of the human body. These interactions include the effects of core body temperature (and/ or variable temperatures in the oral cavity), the body physiologic fluids containing several ions and bio-molecules, proteins and cells of various progeny and functions. This chapter focuses on cell-tissue-implant interactions and how carbon-based implants are being developed for next generation implantable devices.

There are two types of artificial heart valves, namely, (i) biological valves and (ii) mechanical valves. Biological heart valves are made from tissue taken from animals or human cadavers. They are treated with preservatives and sterilized for human implantation. On the other hand, mechanical heart valves are made of man-made materials. The advantage of mechanical valves over biological valves is that they normally last for a comparatively longer lifetime. The biological valves exhibit a shorter lifetime and tend to wear out with time in service. This chapter discusses mechanical heart valves and highlights the underlying problems faced with biomaterials used in the manufacture of such valves.

Implantable prosthesis and medical devices are subjected to several interacting forces whenever they come in contact with the physiologic systems (blood, immune, musculoskeletal, nervous, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary) and organs of the human body. These interactions include the effects of core body temperature (and/ or variable temperatures in the oral cavity), the body physiologic fluids containing several ions and bio-molecules, proteins and cells of various progeny and functions. This chapter focuses on cell-tissue-implant interactions and how carbon-based implants are being developed for next generation implantable devices.

There are two types of artificial heart valves, namely, (i) biological valves and (ii) mechanical valves. Biological heart valves are made from tissue taken from animals or human cadavers. They are treated with preservatives and sterilized for human implantation. On the other hand, mechanical heart valves are made of man-made materials. The advantage of mechanical valves over biological valves is that they normally last for a comparatively longer lifetime. The biological valves exhibit a shorter lifetime and tend to wear out with time in service. This chapter discusses mechanical heart valves and highlights the underlying problems faced with biomaterials used in the manufacture of such valves.

There are two types of artificial heart valves, namely, (i) biological valves and (ii) mechanical valves. biological heart valves are made from tissue taken from animals or human cadavers. They are treated with preservatives and sterilized for human implantation. On the other hand, mechanical heart valves are made of man-made materials. The advantage of mechanical valves over biological valves is that they normally last for a comparatively longer lifetime. The biological valves exhibit a shorter lifetime and tend to wear out with time in service. This chapter discusses mechanical heart valves and highlights the underlying problems faced with biomaterials used in the manufacture of such valves. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2007, 2016.

Implantable prosthesis and medical devices are subjected to several interacting forces whenever they come in contact with the physiologic systems (blood, immune, musculoskeletal, nervous, digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary) and organs of the human body. These interactions include the effects of core body temperature (and/or variable temperatures in the oral cavity), the body physiologic fluids containing several ions and biomolecules, proteins and cells of various progeny and functions. This chapter focuses on cell tissue-implant interactions and how carbon-based implants are being developed for next-generation implantable devices. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2007, 2016.