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Power supply for small-scale battery-powered systems such as electric vehicles (EVs and mobile robots) is being actively researched. The authors are particularly interested in energy management, which considers the interconnection of such systems close to each other. This allows for overall redundancy to be maintained without assuming excessive redundancy with individual power sources. Its implementation necessitates a high level of integration between power management and information and communication technology. As one of these methods, this study investigates energy management based on power packetization. When the individual systems to be connected have moving parts or are mobile, wireless power transmission is a promising method for power sharing. However, power packetization has so far only been considered for wired transmission. In this paper, the authors address the integration of power and information in wireless channels using power packetization. A power packet router circuit is proposed for the wireless transmission of power over multiple channels selectively. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that the developed system can handle both wired intrasystem power management and wireless intersystem power sharing in a unified manner.

In this study, an efficient approach has been presented to enhance the efficiency of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The transmission and reflection properties of metamaterials (MTMs) have been utilized for the enhancement of system efficiency. The proposed configuration has been designed to reduce losses due to the scattered radiated beams away from the transmitter (Tx), thereby increasing the efficiency to a further extent. An array of 1x5 MTM grids has been employed to limit the scattering from the Tx side and to focus towards the direction of the receiver (Rx). Moreover, an MTM slab consisting of an array of 4x4 has been utilized to enhance the coupling between Tx and Rx elements. The proposed system has been designed to operate in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands with an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. The proposed configuration has been studied with and without MTMs. A significant improvement in efficiency has been achieved by using the MTM-based approach. It has been observed that the efficiency of the proposed WPT system is enhanced by about 23% at a distance of 75 mm due to the use of MTM slabs.

This paper demonstrates an equivalent circuit model for large scale WPT system with multiple receivers. Manyarticles have shown the method for determining optimum load impedance at receiver and power distribution in multiplereceiverenvironment. These analysis indicate requirement of an equivalent circuit when a transmitter side and receiver sidesare coupled. This paper newly assumes that transmitter side is large scale so that equivalent circuit have to be combinationof concentrated/distributed constant. Proposed model is experimentally investigated under the assumption that single parallelline feeder coupled with multiple receiver with different location., 2019 Asian Wireless Power Transfer Workshop

Nowadays, the commonly adopted approach of wireless power is based on two magnetically coupling coils. Since the Tesla’s era, there has not been any serious attempt to transmission an electrical on a surface. This thesis investigates the feasibility of using surface wave antennas for wireless power transmission over the ocean. Methodology: The theory behind surface wave antennas and their properties were first explored. Electromagnetic simulations were done to model the performance of the system under diverse conditions. Based on the theoretical prediction as well as our simulation results, we theorized that the proposed system can theoretically transfer power over extended distances with minimal attenuation, and the performance is dependent on the frequency of operation, the length of the antenna, reflection of the surface and the transmission range between the transmitter and receiver.

Nowadays, the commonly adopted approach of wireless power is based on two magnetically coupling coils. Since the Tesla’s era, there has not been any serious attempt to transmission an electrical on a surface. This thesis investigates the feasibility of using surface wave antennas for wireless power transmission over the ocean. Methodology: The theory behind surface wave antennas and their properties were first explored. Electromagnetic simulations were done to model the performance of the system under diverse conditions. Based on the theoretical prediction as well as our simulation results, we theorized that the proposed system can theoretically transfer power over extended distances with minimal attenuation, and the performance is dependent on the frequency of operation, the length of the antenna, reflection of the surface and the transmission range between the transmitter and receiver.

Ancient humans attribute the phenomenon of thunder and lightning to divine power. The power of Thor that can lift Thor's Hammer, the body not be hurt by thunder and lightning. It's not impossible for us to control thunder and lightning like Thor. The Digital Twins system of the robotic arm designed in this paper integrates the physical device of the robotic arm, the digital model of robotic arm, the body sense interaction, and the virtual-reality mapping module. It can digitally control the robotic arm. With this system, we can all lift Thor's hammer in the future.

This study proposes a method for wireless power transfer systems to identify the existence of foreign metal objects and simultaneously predict the misalignment distance between the primary and secondary coils. The proposed method is based on a neural network (NN) trained using electromagnetic field simulations. The training data for the NN consist of the differential voltages in the detection coils, together with the input voltage of the primary coil. Although the metallic objects and coil misalignment induce confusing voltages, the trained NN exhibits over 90% accuracy for the validation dataset, and mean prediction errors of less than 1 mm for the misalignment distance and ground clearance variance.

This study proposes a method for wireless power transfer systems to identify the existence of foreign metal objects and simultaneously predict the misalignment distance between the primary and secondary coils. The proposed method is based on a neural network (NN) trained using electromagnetic field simulations. The training data for the NN consist of the differential voltages in the detection coils, together with the input voltage of the primary coil. Although the metallic objects and coil misalignment induce confusing voltages, the trained NN exhibits over 90% accuracy for the validation dataset, and mean prediction errors of less than 1 mm for the misalignment distance and ground clearance variance.

This study proposes a method for wireless power transfer systems to identify the existence of foreign metal objects and simultaneously predict the misalignment distance between the primary and secondary coils. The proposed method is based on a neural network (NN) trained using electromagnetic field simulations. The training data for the NN consist of the differential voltages in the detection coils, together with the input voltage of the primary coil. Although the metallic objects and coil misalignment induce confusing voltages, the trained NN exhibits over 90% accuracy for the validation dataset, and mean prediction errors of less than 1 mm for the misalignment distance and ground clearance variance.

Wireless power is one of the new promising technologies for IoT applications. The use of arrays for power transfer to free-moving objects has revolutionized wireless power transmission (WPT) applications. Herein, we present an extendable platform for transmitting power to a moving object receiving power from an array. The transmitter (TX) consists of two overlapping layers of square planar coils rotated 45 degrees to each other to provide the best electromagnetic flux coverage. Each layer consists of four coils to further control the power supply to the small receiver (RX) coil. This overlapping star-shaped array is stimulated automatically by a power amplifier. This smart stimulation can deliver uniform power to the receiver regardless of rotation and misalignment inconsistencies by using the geometry of the transmitter array. Moreover, by changing the direction of the current of each small square component in each array using the flower-shaped current, a receiver coil perpendicular to the transmitter’s plate can obtain power comparable with conventional structures. We use ADS-HFSS simulation to verify the fabrication and measurement results. The proposed transmitter achieves an average of 18.2% power transfer efficiency (PTE) to RX and at 90° angular misalignment, 11.5% PTE, while the conventional structure transfers no power to the perpendicular RX coil. A future application of the transmitter can be the investigation of the neurobehavioral of free-moving animals and brain–machine interface studies in medicine., Electronic Components, Technology and Materials

Рассмотрены вопросы беспроводной передачи энергии на малые расстояния. Подход может быть применим для беспроводной зарядки батарей беспилотных транспортных средств. Предлагается для передачи энергии использовать технику микрополосковых структур. При приближении микрополосковых структур друг к другу с лицевой части они образуют направленный ответвитель на симметричных полосковых линиях. Длина линий взаимодействия выбирается в несколько раз большей, чем четверть длины волны. Балластные сопротивления из схемы исключаются. Такой подход приводит к малым потерям передачи энергии при изменении расстояния между микрополосковыми структурами в широких пределах. Осуществлено моделирование работы системы передачи энергии, изготовлен экспериментальный образец и проведены экспериментальные исследования. Моделирование и эксперимент хорошо согласуются друг с другом., The issues of wireless power transfer over short distances are considered. The approach may be used for wireless charging of batteries in unmanned vehicles. It is proposed to use the technique of microstrip structures for power transfer. The microstrip structures form a directional coupler on symmetrical strip lines when approaching by front parts. The length of the interaction lines is chosen several times longer than a quarter of the wavelength. Ballast resistors are excluded from the circuit. This approach leads to small losses of power transfer when the distance between microstrip structures changes over a wide range. Modeling of the operation of the power transfer system has been carried out, an experimental sample has been made and experimental studies have been carried out. The simulation and experiment are well accorded.

Wireless Information and Power Transfer (WIPT) technology has recently drawn a great deal of interest. Its ability to convey both data and energy wirelessly to the user terminals prompted her to be a key technology to power the next generation of green wireless communications. However, given the high attenuation of radiofrequency signals across distance on the one hand and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations regarding safety issues and determining the maximum transmission power, makes the implementation of WIPT poses serious challenges. Over and above, the integration of WIPT with other emerging technologies, i.e., Massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system and multi-antenna beamforming technique, raises the need to design new schemes and system architectures to achieve effective integrations. This thesis aims to improve the amount of energy harvested and enhance the system of WIPT by implementing an effective integration with massive MIMO and wireless powered cooperative communication networks (WPCCNs). In the first part of the thesis, we focus on enhancing the throughput and analysing the outage performance of a new WPCCNs system model, where both the single source and the multi-relay have no fixed energy supply. A power-beacon is proposed in the network to assist the source and relays harvest energy from their radio frequency (RF) signals. Two partial relay selection schemes (PRS) and opportunistic relay selection scheme (ORS) are implemented and analysed for the proposed system model, where the best relay selection is picked based on the channel state information availability. The outage probability and the system throughput mathematic equations over different relay selection schemes are derived and confirmed with Monte-Carlo simulations. The numerical results have shown that the performance of ORS relay selection scheme over the two PRS selection schemes in terms of system throughput by 39% compared to PRSII and 19% comp

Wireless Information and Power Transfer (WIPT) technology has recently drawn a great deal of interest. Its ability to convey both data and energy wirelessly to the user terminals prompted her to be a key technology to power the next generation of green wireless communications. However, given the high attenuation of radiofrequency signals across distance on the one hand and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations regarding safety issues and determining the maximum transmission power, makes the implementation of WIPT poses serious challenges. Over and above, the integration of WIPT with other emerging technologies, i.e., Massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system and multi-antenna beamforming technique, raises the need to design new schemes and system architectures to achieve effective integrations. This thesis aims to improve the amount of energy harvested and enhance the system of WIPT by implementing an effective integration with massive MIMO and wireless powered cooperative communication networks (WPCCNs). In the first part of the thesis, we focus on enhancing the throughput and analysing the outage performance of a new WPCCNs system model, where both the single source and the multi-relay have no fixed energy supply. A power-beacon is proposed in the network to assist the source and relays harvest energy from their radio frequency (RF) signals. Two partial relay selection schemes (PRS) and opportunistic relay selection scheme (ORS) are implemented and analysed for the proposed system model, where the best relay selection is picked based on the channel state information availability. The outage probability and the system throughput mathematic equations over different relay selection schemes are derived and confirmed with Monte-Carlo simulations. The numerical results have shown that the performance of ORS relay selection scheme over the two PRS selection schemes in terms of system throughput by 39% compared to PRSII and 19% comp

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising vision to cover a wide range of applications. However, battery-operated devices at the edge of the Internet, have a limited lifetime or involve significant maintenance effort. Energy Harvesting (EH) is one of the most investigated technologies to extend the battery lifetime. Nevertheless, the further miniaturization of devices poses challenges, mainly due to the small form factor needed. In particular, harvesting energy from miniaturized transducers (i.e., millimeter-sized solar panels) is significantly more challenging. Among other EH technologies, transmitting power wirelessly is growing in popularity as it can be controlled, and it is less unpredictable than environmental sources. This work investigates different technologies to supply small size and low power smart devices for IoT applications with wireless power transmission. The paper illustrates with experimental measurements, the power acquired with a commercial radiofrequency power transmission system from Powercaset. According to this evaluation, the RF power transfer to the battery ranged from mW to μW using millimeter-sized antennas up to meters of distance. Thus the system is an effective solution for the supply of small size IoT devices. © 2020 IEEE.

As all we know that today’s live is not possible for a moment if we think without electricity after our basic needs that are air, water, food, cloth and shelter. Because without it we can not think about our mobility, But it has also many disadvantages because of the transmission of electricity through wire which cause many time sock due to which living thing may get injured or many time they get unexpected death.                 Hence for establishing the transmission of electricity without hazards today’s world started working on the removal of the net of the wires over the world and this is possible only by transmitting electricity wirelessly.                 This principle was early given by a charming and mysterious inventor and engineer Nikola Tesla(1891-1898) by inventing Tesla coil. But in wireless electricity transmission, there is a lot of wastage of energy when power is transferred to the load. If there is no loads are available around the receiving antenna(coil), power will be wasted and this is a one of the major disadvantage of this principle.                 So by using IR Sensor we can save this power from being waste which will allow the antenna to transmit the power only when the objects are available to receive this transmitted power.

As all we know that today’s live is not possible for a moment if we think without electricity after our basic needs that are air, water, food, cloth and shelter. Because without it we can not think about our mobility, But it has also many disadvantages because of the transmission of electricity through wire which cause many time sock due to which living thing may get injured or many time they get unexpected death.                 Hence for establishing the transmission of electricity without hazards today’s world started working on the removal of the net of the wires over the world and this is possible only by transmitting electricity wirelessly.                 This principle was early given by a charming and mysterious inventor and engineer Nikola Tesla(1891-1898) by inventing Tesla coil. But in wireless electricity transmission, there is a lot of wastage of energy when power is transferred to the load. If there is no loads are available around the receiving antenna(coil), power will be wasted and this is a one of the major disadvantage of this principle.                 So by using IR Sensor we can save this power from being waste which will allow the antenna to transmit the power only when the objects are available to receive this transmitted power.

As all we know that today’s live is not possible for a moment if we think without electricity after our basic needs that are air, water, food, cloth and shelter. Because without it we can not think about our mobility, But it has also many disadvantages because of the transmission of electricity through wire which cause many time sock due to which living thing may get injured or many time they get unexpected death.                 Hence for establishing the transmission of electricity without hazards today’s world started working on the removal of the net of the wires over the world and this is possible only by transmitting electricity wirelessly.                 This principle was early given by a charming and mysterious inventor and engineer Nikola Tesla(1891-1898) by inventing Tesla coil. But in wireless electricity transmission, there is a lot of wastage of energy when power is transferred to the load. If there is no loads are available around the receiving antenna(coil), power will be wasted and this is a one of the major disadvantage of this principle.                 So by using IR Sensor we can save this power from being waste which will allow the antenna to transmit the power only when the objects are available to receive this transmitted power.

In current commercial technologies, wireless power transfer (WPT) occurs when the item charging and the charger are not in motion. Products such as wireless chargers for cell phones, cars, and some internet of things (IoT) devices have stationary wireless chargers. A limiting factor of these chargers is in a single transfer coil system, the coils need to be aligned perfectly, and the device must be physically touching the charger. If it is not, minimal or no power is transferred, and the device is not charged. This set-up allows manufacturers to simplify design and modeling as a steady-state system. In this thesis, the receiving coil is in motion over the embedded transfer coil. The industrial standard to discern how the system would react uses finite element analysis (FEM), which is very resource-intensive and time-consuming. The point of this thesis is to model and approximate the potential of a WPT system to help discern the viability of designs, therein reducing the number of resources and time necessary to find an optimum solution. A Series-Series Compensated Wireless Power Transfer circuit was solved using Thevenin Equivalent Circuits and converted into a state-space equation. Using MATLAB® and Simulink, the circuit was modeled and compared to another study to validate the results. Variables such as frequency, load resistance, vertical and horizontal offset were then changed to see how the output voltage waveform and power transfer changed. Due to the receiving coil’s motion, a steady-state is not reached, and the system has transient states. The effects on the waveforms, thoughts about optimization, and possible future studies are discussed.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) based on inductive coupling offers convenient charging for applications such as medical implantable microsystems, portable electronic devices, and electric vehicles. This research focuses on integrated circuit design and testing of wireless power transmitters (TXs) and receivers (RXs) for compact WPT systems with improved performance. First, a discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) zero-voltage switching (ZVS) half-bridge class-D power amplifier (PA) for a WPT TX is proposed. The sizes of the ZVS inductor and capacitor are reduced by 7.5× and 5×, respectively, and ZVS is achieved even subject to variations in PA supply voltage and output current. A ZVS loop and a zero-current detection (ZCD) loop are introduced to compensate for process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. Second, a 6.78-MHz single-stage WPT TX using a novel reconfigurable regulating class-D PA is proposed. Based on a 3-mode modulation scheme, the TX achieves power regulation and transmission with only one power stage. By employing the above DCM ZVS scheme, PA switching loss is reduced. The output voltage of the RX is regulated using a digital control loop to control the power of the TX. With dual-loop control using a proportional-integral (PI) compensator, the WPT system achieves tight output regulation and a fast loop response. Third, a 13.56-MHz WPT RX for implantable medical devices (IMDs) is proposed. It adopts a novel one-stage 0X/1X reconfigurable resonant regulating (R3) rectifier. Based on a synchronized pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme, the rectifier achieves voltage regulation simultaneously by using only 4 power transistors and 2 gate-driving buffers. Finally, a lossless on-chip current sensing and estimation scheme for a novel 6.78-MHz single-stage constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) wireless charger is proposed, and no lossy sensing resistor is needed. A fully differential adaptive delay-compensation technique is used to improve s

Дисертація присвячена розробці та дослідженню нових методів та засобів для вимірювання активної потужності при малому співвідношенні активної та повної потужності в розширеному діапазоні частот. Такі методи дозволяють вимірювати активну потужність втрат в різноманітних реактивних елементах, наприклад, індуктивностях, які використовуються в імпульсних перетворювачах енергії. Одержані результати також можуть знайти застосування при вимірюванні активної потужності, що передається в системах бездротової передачі електроенергії. При вимірюваннях в розширеному діапазоні частот присутні похибки від фазових зсувів в каналах вимірювання та похибки від власного споживання вхідних ланок, які, крім сильного спотворення результатів вимірювання потужності, призводять до того, що паспортна точність забезпечується тільки при певному співвідношенні номінальних струмів та напруг. В даній роботі запропоновано структурні рішення, які забезпечують мінімізацію похибки від власного споживання та впливу фазових зсувів каналів вимірювання перетворювача потужності, що дозволяє створити широкосмуговий перетворювач прохідної потужності для вимірювання активної потужності при великих реактивних складових навантаження в радіочастотному діапазоні.

Дисертація присвячена розробці та дослідженню нових методів та засобів для вимірювання активної потужності при малому співвідношенні активної та повної потужності в розширеному діапазоні частот. Такі методи дозволяють вимірювати активну потужність втрат в різноманітних реактивних елементах, наприклад, індуктивностях, які використовуються в імпульсних перетворювачах енергії. Одержані результати також можуть знайти застосування при вимірюванні активної потужності, що передається в системах бездротової передачі електроенергії. При вимірюваннях в розширеному діапазоні частот присутні похибки від фазових зсувів в каналах вимірювання та похибки від власного споживання вхідних ланок, які, крім сильного спотворення результатів вимірювання потужності, призводять до того, що паспортна точність забезпечується тільки при певному співвідношенні номінальних струмів та напруг. В даній роботі запропоновано структурні рішення, які забезпечують мінімізацію похибки від власного споживання та впливу фазових зсувів каналів вимірювання перетворювача потужності, що дозволяє створити широкосмуговий перетворювач прохідної потужності для вимірювання активної потужності при великих реактивних складових навантаження в радіочастотному діапазоні., The dissertation is devoted to the development and research of new methods and means for measuring active power at a high reactive component at high frequencies. Such methods allow measuring the active power of losses in a variety of reactive elements, for example, the inductances used in pulsed energy converters. The obtained results can also be used in the measurement of active power transmitted in wireless power transmission systems. At measurements at high frequencies, there are errors from phase shifts in measuring channels and errors from the intake of input units, which, in addition to the strong distortion of the results of power measuring, leads to the fact that passport accuracy is ensured only with a certain ratio of nominal currents and voltages. In this paper, structural solutions are proposed that provide compensation for the error of their own consumption and the effect of phase shifts of the measurement channels of the wattmeter, which allows the creation of a broadband wattmeter of transmit power for the measurement of active power at high reactive component loads in the radio frequency range. The advantages of the developed wattmeter are: - provided operations with signal rms values without taking into account phase shifts of the wattmeter measuring channels; - low requirements for the phase characteristics of the amplifier that provides larger bandwidth; - transferring the effects of phase shifts only to the zone of input sections of the circuit, which are executed on passive elements and therefore are the most broadband; - gives the exact value of the measured power on the load, regardless of the actual consumption by the input device; - no channel separation, which is one of the major disadvantage of a typical twochannel wattmeter; - reduction of the voltage channel additive errors; - the values of the input-link elements can be optimized by the criterion of maximum broadband, since the error from own consumption is taken into account, it is pos, Диссертация посвящена разработке и исследованию новых методов и средств для измерения активной мощности при малом соотношении активной и полной мощности в расширенном диапазоне частот. Такие методы позволяют измерять активную мощность потерь в различных реактивных элементах, например, индуктивностях, которые используются в импульсных преобразователях энергии. Полученные результаты также могут найти применение при измерении активной мощности которая передается в системах беспроводной передачи электроэнергии. При измерениях на высоких частотах присутствуют погрешности от фазовых сдвигов в каналах измерения и погрешности от собственного потребления входных звеньев, которые, кроме сильного искажения результатов измерения мощности, приводят к тому, что паспортная точность обеспечивается только при определенном соотношении номинальных токов и напряжений. В данной работе предложены структурные решения, обеспечивающие минимизацию погрешности от собственного потребления и влияния фазовых сдвигов каналов измерения ваттметра, что позволяет создать широкополосный преобразователь проходной мощности для измерения активной мощности при больших реактивных составляющих нагрузки в радиочастотном диапазоне.

With the growing popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) devices for automated remote control, massive smart devices are being envisioned. To cope with the heavy energy demand of such large-scale networks, new energy harvesting techniques have been considered. Among them, harvesting power from available radio frequency (RF) energy sources has attracted great attention. RF energy harvesting enjoys the advantages of mobility, sustainability and scalability. The mode of using RF signals makes it possible to combine RF energy harvesting with wireless communications, which allows data and energy transmission at the same time. Hence, deciding how to allocate resources and schedule charging for such systems is worth a lot of effort. In this thesis we firstly study a two-way relay system where the relay not only helps forward information but also provides energy to users. We propose a three-phase protocol and investigate the rate optimization problems by jointly optimizing time scheduling and power allocation at the relay and user side. Subsequently, we consider the energy consumption minimization problem with users’ quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. It is revealed that the energy consumption minimization problem actually contains the dual of rate maximization problems. Moreover, we obtain the capacity region for decode-and-forward (DF) relaying by solving the weighted sum rate maximization problem. We then consider a two-user multiple access channel (MAC) with a wireless-powered relay-to-destination (R-D) link where the relay harvests energy from an RF signal sent by a dedicated power beacon (PB). Each frame is divided into three phases. In the first phase, the relay harvests energy from an RF signal sent by a dedicated PB. The relay then receives information from user nodes in the second phase, and forwards it to the destination in the third phase using its harvested energy. We investigate the sum rate maximization problem and character

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility use of an Micro air vehicles (MAV) in order to power wirelessly an electric system, for example, a sensor network, using low-cost and open-source elements. To achieve this objective, an inductive system has been modelled and validated to power wirelessly a sensor node using a Crazyflie 2.0 as MAV. The design of the inductive system must be small and light enough to fulfil the requirements of the Crazyflie. An inductive model based on two resonant coils is presented. Several coils are defined to be tested using the most suitable resonant configuration. Measurements are performed to validate the model and to select the most suitable coil. While attempting to minimize the weight at transmitter’s side, on the receiver side it is intended to efficiently acquire and manage the power obtained from the transmitter. In order to prove its feasibility, a temperature sensor node is used as demonstrator. The experiment results show successfully energy transportation by MAV, and wireless power transfer for the resonant configuration, being able to completely charge the node battery and to power the temperature sensor., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

This paper demonstrates an equivalent circuit model for large scale WPT system with multiple receivers. Manyarticles have shown the method for determining optimum load impedance at receiver and power distribution in multiplereceiverenvironment. These analysis indicate requirement of an equivalent circuit when a transmitter side and receiver sidesare coupled. This paper newly assumes that transmitter side is large scale so that equivalent circuit have to be combinationof concentrated/distributed constant. Proposed model is experimentally investigated under the assumption that single parallelline feeder coupled with multiple receiver with different location.

With the growing popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) devices for automated remote control, massive smart devices are being envisioned. To cope with the heavy energy demand of such large-scale networks, new energy harvesting techniques have been considered. Among them, harvesting power from available radio frequency (RF) energy sources has attracted great attention. RF energy harvesting enjoys the advantages of mobility, sustainability and scalability. The mode of using RF signals makes it possible to combine RF energy harvesting with wireless communications, which allows data and energy transmission at the same time. Hence, deciding how to allocate resources and schedule charging for such systems is worth a lot of effort. In this thesis we firstly study a two-way relay system where the relay not only helps forward information but also provides energy to users. We propose a three-phase protocol and investigate the rate optimization problems by jointly optimizing time scheduling and power allocation at the relay and user side. Subsequently, we consider the energy consumption minimization problem with users’ quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. It is revealed that the energy consumption minimization problem actually contains the dual of rate maximization problems. Moreover, we obtain the capacity region for decode-and-forward (DF) relaying by solving the weighted sum rate maximization problem. We then consider a two-user multiple access channel (MAC) with a wireless-powered relay-to-destination (R-D) link where the relay harvests energy from an RF signal sent by a dedicated power beacon (PB). Each frame is divided into three phases. In the first phase, the relay harvests energy from an RF signal sent by a dedicated PB. The relay then receives information from user nodes in the second phase, and forwards it to the destination in the third phase using its harvested energy. We investigate the sum rate maximization problem and character

This paper describes the design, implementation and testing of a wireless blood pressure sensing implant. The implant is mounted on a stent graft. The implant along with the stent graft must fit into a 16F applicator stent delivery system. The implant is powered using the energy harvested from wireless power transmission. The measured pressure data is sent wirelessly to an external data reader hardware. The pressure measurement must have resolution of 1 mmHg.

A poster submitted in ENG 207 taught by Dr. David Prescott for the Fall 2016 semester., The usage of Electric Vehicles (EV’s) is increasing in European countries because of the low tax rates for low-emission vehicles in these nations. However, the inconvenient charging procedures associated with EV’s have always discouraged consumers from buying and using EV’s regularly. Charging of an EV requires the car to be stationary for at least 4 hours. Therefore, current manufacturers of EV’s are trying to somehow improve EV’s in order to make them more easy to handle for people.

This paper reports a 2.48 GHz tri-coil and rectifier design implemented in a system that demonstrates simultaneous wireless power transfer and communication to a 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm coil. The tri-coil link and rectifier successfully rectified and demodulated a 20 dBm amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) RF signal modulated at a rate of 1 Mb/s. Additionally, a 5.7 GHz tri-coil link was fabricated to validate the frequency scalability of this technology platform for other unlicensed bands and was measured in a customized experimental testbed to account for the effects of lateral misalignment between coils. The 5.7 GHz tri-coil design had a measured peak RF power transfer efficiency of -29 dB with a vertical separation of 1 mm, which is ten times the load coil diameter. © 2017 IEEE.

This paper reports a 2.48 GHz tri-coil and rectifier design implemented in a system that demonstrates simultaneous wireless power transfer and communication to a 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm coil. The tri-coil link and rectifier successfully rectified and demodulated a 20 dBm amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) RF signal modulated at a rate of 1 Mb/s. Additionally, a 5.7 GHz tri-coil link was fabricated to validate the frequency scalability of this technology platform for other unlicensed bands and was measured in a customized experimental testbed to account for the effects of lateral misalignment between coils. The 5.7 GHz tri-coil design had a measured peak RF power transfer efficiency of -29 dB with a vertical separation of 1 mm, which is ten times the load coil diameter. © 2017 IEEE.

This paper reports a 2.48 GHz tri-coil and rectifier design implemented in a system that demonstrates simultaneous wireless power transfer and communication to a 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm coil. The tri-coil link and rectifier successfully rectified and demodulated a 20 dBm amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) RF signal modulated at a rate of 1 Mb/s. Additionally, a 5.7 GHz tri-coil link was fabricated to validate the frequency scalability of this technology platform for other unlicensed bands and was measured in a customized experimental testbed to account for the effects of lateral misalignment between coils. The 5.7 GHz tri-coil design had a measured peak RF power transfer efficiency of -29 dB with a vertical separation of 1 mm, which is ten times the load coil diameter. © 2017 IEEE.

The RF-DC conversion efficiency of a rectifier when it is excited by digitally modulated signals is studied. This project is the first step to the implementation of a system able to transmit energy and information simultaneously. However, the study is focused on the energy transmission, therefore Wireless-Power Transmission (WPT). A rectifier, which is a device able to convert RF signals into DC is the key element in the system. In this project two rectifiers which work in the 900MHz band have been studied: the first one (dual-band) has a system called resistance compression network (RCN). This system helps the rectifier to keep the RF-DC conversion efficiency insensitive to changes in the load or in the input power. Also, this rectifier can work in the 2GHz band. The other rectifier (stub), has no RCN system. A variety of signals with the same average power but different complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) and instantaneous power variance (IPV) properties are applied at the input of the rectifiers. In the transmission a root raised cosine filter is used. If the roll-off factor β is changed the RF-DC conversion efficiency will vary. It is shown if β presents high values, signals have low PAPR and IPV values, however, if β is near 0, the PAPR and IPV are high. Therefore, it can be seen that β can improve the RF-DC conversion efficiency. The effect of changing the average input power is analyzed. The main conclusion is the reduction of the optimum load value as the average input power increases The symbol rate has been studied. It is shown that the RF-DC conversion efficiency depends on the modulation rate through the output filter of the rectifier formed by the output capacitor and load value. It is shown that the IPV has the strongest effect into the RF-DC conversion efficiency. If the load resistor is high, signals with high IPV present a high efficiency, whereas, if the load is low signals w

Wireless power transfer is widely used in implantable medical devices to eliminate the use of battery. Due to load and coupling variations, the received DC voltage at the output of the rectifier in the implant is not steady. Conventionally, a global control loop is built based on a feedback through a data link. The quick global loop response could help improving the stability of the received voltage. But it requires high data rate of the data link, which would bring in some overhead such as low power transfer efficiency in the case that power link and data link share the same pair of coils or system design complexity in the case that power link and data link use separated pair of coils. To reduce the implant size, one pair of coils shared by both power link and data line is preferred, which is applied in this thesis. To solve the conflicts between the high power transfer efficiency and the high data rate, two solutions are presented. The first solution is based on the feed-forward control, which is applied in an adaptive wireless powering and data telemetry system for optic nerve stimulation. Trade-off is made between the power transfer efficiency, the size of the implant and the data link bandwidth. The feed-forward control is used to improve the load transient without the need of the high data rate. To balance the external system’s power conversion efficiency and high data bandwidth, an external power supply solution for the power amplifier is also given. The second solution is based on a 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifier. First, the inductive powering analysis with the 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifiers together is given to provide theoretical guidelines for the wireless power transfer system design using the 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifier. Then, a 13.56MHz wireless power transfer system with reconfigurable resonant regulating rectifier and wireless power control for IMDs is presented. Finally, to improve the workable coupling- and load-range of the system, a primary e

This paper presents a complete model of an on-chip wireless power transmission (WPT) system, which is essential to design a WPT link that can operate at maximum power efficiency within the design constraint of a particular application. In the process of WPT modeling, a unified model of planar inductor was proposed, which captured both PCB and on-chip inductor characteristics. Also, the mutual inductance model between two planar coils was proposed to estimate the energy coupling between the transmitter and receiver. All these models are based on the geometric parameters of the WPT system. An on-chip WPT link was implemented, and the key parameters were characterized and compared with the calculated results to confirm the accuracy of the model. © 2015 IEEE.

Wireless power transfer is widely used in implantable medical devices to eliminate the use of battery. Due to load and coupling variations, the received DC voltage at the output of the rectifier in the implant is not steady. Conventionally, a global control loop is built based on a feedback through a data link. The quick global loop response could help improving the stability of the received voltage. But it requires high data rate of the data link, which would bring in some overhead such as low power transfer efficiency in the case that power link and data link share the same pair of coils or system design complexity in the case that power link and data link use separated pair of coils. To reduce the implant size, one pair of coils shared by both power link and data line is preferred, which is applied in this thesis. To solve the conflicts between the high power transfer efficiency and the high data rate, two solutions are presented. The first solution is based on the feed-forward control, which is applied in an adaptive wireless powering and data telemetry system for optic nerve stimulation. Trade-off is made between the power transfer efficiency, the size of the implant and the data link bandwidth. The feed-forward control is used to improve the load transient without the need of the high data rate. To balance the external system’s power conversion efficiency and high data bandwidth, an external power supply solution for the power amplifier is also given. The second solution is based on a 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifier. First, the inductive powering analysis with the 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifiers together is given to provide theoretical guidelines for the wireless power transfer system design using the 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifier. Then, a 13.56MHz wireless power transfer system with reconfigurable resonant regulating rectifier and wireless power control for IMDs is presented. Finally, to improve the workable coupling- and load-range of the system, a primary e

This paper presents a complete model of an on-chip wireless power transmission (WPT) system, which is essential to design a WPT link that can operate at maximum power efficiency within the design constraint of a particular application. In the process of WPT modeling, a unified model of planar inductor was proposed, which captured both PCB and on-chip inductor characteristics. Also, the mutual inductance model between two planar coils was proposed to estimate the energy coupling between the transmitter and receiver. All these models are based on the geometric parameters of the WPT system. An on-chip WPT link was implemented, and the key parameters were characterized and compared with the calculated results to confirm the accuracy of the model. © 2015 IEEE.

This paper presents a complete model of an on-chip wireless power transmission (WPT) system, which is essential to design a WPT link that can operate at maximum power efficiency within the design constraint of a particular application. In the process of WPT modeling, a unified model of planar inductor was proposed, which captured both PCB and on-chip inductor characteristics. Also, the mutual inductance model between two planar coils was proposed to estimate the energy coupling between the transmitter and receiver. All these models are based on the geometric parameters of the WPT system. An on-chip WPT link was implemented, and the key parameters were characterized and compared with the calculated results to confirm the accuracy of the model.

Wireless power transfer is widely used in implantable medical devices to eliminate the use of battery. Due to load and coupling variations, the received DC voltage at the output of the rectifier in the implant is not steady. Conventionally, a global control loop is built based on a feedback through a data link. The quick global loop response could help improving the stability of the received voltage. But it requires high data rate of the data link, which would bring in some overhead such as low power transfer efficiency in the case that power link and data link share the same pair of coils or system design complexity in the case that power link and data link use separated pair of coils. To reduce the implant size, one pair of coils shared by both power link and data line is preferred, which is applied in this thesis. To solve the conflicts between the high power transfer efficiency and the high data rate, two solutions are presented. The first solution is based on the feed-forward control, which is applied in an adaptive wireless powering and data telemetry system for optic nerve stimulation. Trade-off is made between the power transfer efficiency, the size of the implant and the data link bandwidth. The feed-forward control is used to improve the load transient without the need of the high data rate. To balance the external system’s power conversion efficiency and high data bandwidth, an external power supply solution for the power amplifier is also given. The second solution is based on a 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifier. First, the inductive powering analysis with the 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifiers together is given to provide theoretical guidelines for the wireless power transfer system design using the 1X/2X reconfigurable rectifier. Then, a 13.56MHz wireless power transfer system with reconfigurable resonant regulating rectifier and wireless power control for IMDs is presented. Finally, to improve the workable coupling- and load-range of the system, a primary e

The automotive market is very competitive, for this reason it has to increasing the performance of each of the basic elements of the car. The mirrors has gone from being inert elements that do not consume energy to has dispose of actuators and sensors that need to be fed. The features that have these elements are different: · Electrochrome glass. · Power folding. · Glass regulation (Glass actuator). · Heating to prevent ice or condensation (Heater). · Blinker. · Daylight (DRL). · Blind Spot Detector (BSD). · Puddle Lamp. The mirrors are exposed to atmospheric factors and must pass a extreme quality tests for go out to the market. Overcoming these tests depends of a lot of attributes, one is be watertight, this attribute is reduced by connecting electrical cables. This project proposes to replace these electrical connections for wireless power systems and wireless communications. Power is transmitted by magnetic induction following the international standard Qi (Wireless Power Consortium). Moreover, the drive control unit (Electronic Control Unit, ECU) Zigbee transceivers used to send control commands to the actuators. Currently, there are a large number of manufacturers of integrated circuits at the Qi standard. We used one of these circuits, specifically bq500215 to the power transmitter and the bq51025 to the power receiver. The system implemented can transmit a maximum power of up to 10 W with an efficiency which can be 80%, through an isolation barrier of 5 mm. This project was implemented in the company Idneo Techonologies SL, within the Department of Hardware Auto.

The inductive and radiative approaches to wireless power transmission (WPT) were simulated using commercial software. For the inductive approach, working at 100 kHz, efficiencies over 90% were obtained at short ranges (less than 30 mm) utilizing ferrite plates. For the radiative approach, the transmission loss between antennas was less than 1 dB at ranges less than 3 m when near field focusing was employed. The results for the two approaches are important because they demonstrate that efficient transmission of energy for battery charging can take place between a WPT ground station and client., The original document contains color images.

A poster submitted in ENG 207 taught by Dr. David Prescott for the Fall 2013 semester., Our project aimed to develop a cost-effective charging station that can be retrofitted onto existing infrastructure, making it advantageous to own an EV. To achieve that, the team had to address three problems. First, obtaining a clean energy source for charging. Second, the electrical energy obtained must be stored in a cost effective and safe manner which can be integrated easily with current gas stations. Third, EVs use high power cables to charge that can be dangerous, and therefore a better charging solution needs to be implemented.

A near-field power transfer equation for an inductively coupled near-field system is derived based on the equivalent circuit model of the coupled resonant loops. Experimental results show that the proposed near-field coupling equation is trustworthy as it correctly predicts the transferred power versus distance relationship for different values of loaded quality factors at the transmitter and the receiver.Capacity performance of near-field communication (NFC) links is analyzed for noise limited and interference limited scenarios based on information theory. The analytical results provide guidelines for design of inductively coupled antenna systems as the power and capacity budget of the link is carried out. Examples of inductively coupled VLF NFC links are evaluated for different operating scenarios, demonstrating the efficacy and importance of the proposed near-field link budget. However, in a conventional setup of inductively coupled NFC link, the power coupled through and the bandwidth must be traded off. Direct Antenna Modulation (DAM) is a feasible scheme to break this dilemma. With DAM utilized in NFC link, the power and bandwidth product limit in a high Q system can be circumvented because the non-linear/time-varying nature of the operation allows high speed modulations decoupled from the charging and discharging process of the high-Q resonator. In this work, the theory of NFC link with DAM on the transmitter is presented and validated with an experimental setup. Improvement in reception of the high-speed modulation information is observed in the experiment, implying that a superior capacity performance of a NFC link is achieved through DAM versus the traditional scheme. The resonant coupling efficiency is limited by the product of the quality factors Q, of the transmitter and receiver and the coupling coefficient k. We observe that in order to achieve maximum efficiency, the ratio of the load-to-loss impedances at both the source and load should be equal to

Over the years, several means of electrical power generation have been in place ranging from wood, coal, to fuel. All these means have at its point served purpose at the needed time. This work presents the historical research of solar power in space, an insight into some literature pertaining to Solar Power Satellite (SPS) and Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) and an insight into the working principle of solar power generation was presented. It was observed that despite the various prospects that were identified by the various researchers less attention was paid to the means of enhancing the range of transmission of solar power satellite