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Thirty-nine species of terebrantian Thysanoptera belonging to four families and 22 genera are here recorded from the Maltese Islands. Of these, 33 represent new records to this archipelago. Thrips were collected from 65 different locations over a seven-year period, covering the main habitat types found across the Maltese Islands, namely steppe, garigue, maquis and woodland, but also sand dunes and saltmarshes as well as roadsides, private and public gardens, greenhouses and cultivated fields. An illustrated dichotomous key to identify the Terebrantia of the Maltese Islands is presented. Chorological data for the species researched in the current study shows that the majority of these insects are of a European Mediterranean origin, though the geographical distribution of some of them extends to Africa and the Middle East. Seven species associated with agricultural commodities were found to be of alien origin; however they were locally found in small numbers and do not pose a threat to horticulture.

In this study the taxonomy of the Pheidole pulchella species group is updated for the Afrotropical region and the new species P. klaman sp. nov. described. It is integrated into the existing taxonomic system by an updated identification key for the whole group and an update of the known distribution ranges of its members. High quality focus stacking images are provided, with X–ray micro–CT scanned digital 3D representations, of major and minor worker type specimens., source:https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/81562

In this study the taxonomy of the Pheidole pulchella species group is updated for the Afrotropical region and the new species P. klaman sp. nov. described. It is integrated into the existing taxonomic system by an updated identification key for the whole group and an update of the known distribution ranges of its members. High quality focus stacking images are provided, with X–ray micro–CT scanned digital 3D representations, of major and minor worker type specimens., source:https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/81562

Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac és el nom que reben dos massissos situats entre les comarques del Vallès Occidental i del Bages, a la província de Barcelona (Catalunya). Una gran part d’aquest territori correspon al Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac, que té una superfície de 137 quilòmetres quadrats. El punt culminant és la Mola (1.103 m). A la part sud hi ha esquistos i vulcanites del paleozoic, i també una intrusió granítica i una faixa de materials triàsics. Tanmateix, la major part dels dos massissos és constituïda per conglomerats de l’eocè. El clima és mediterrani, amb estius calorosos i hiverns benignes. Les pluges es concentren a la primavera i sobretot a la tardor. Pel que fa a la vegetació, hi predomina l’alzinar, sovint amb pins i a vegades amb roures. També són comunes les brolles, les pastures seques i les plantes rupícoles. La flora, de caràcter bàsicament mediterrani, és molt rica, amb més d’un miler d’espècies. Respecte a les gramínies o poàcies, cal subratllar que és una de les famílies de fanerògames més importants, amb més d’11.000 espècies, a la qual pertanyen els cereals, base de l’alimentació humana i del bestiar. Són plantes quasi sempre herbàcies. Les fulles són estretes i paral·lelinèrvies. Les flors solen ser hermafrodites, amb tres estams i dos estigmes plomosos, però no tenen periant sinó que presenten a la base un lemma i una pàlea. Una o més flors s’agrupen en una espigueta, la qual duu a la base dues glumes. Les espiguetes, a la vegada, s’agrupen en espigues, raïms o panícules. El fruit és una cariopsi. La metodologia en l’estudi de les gramínies consisteix en l’observació de la planta a la natura i també del seu examen a casa o en el laboratori, amb la utilització d’una lupa de mà o binocular. Estudis especialitzats requereixen altres tècniques. En molts casos és important l’assecatge i premsat de les plantes per a la seva conservació en herbari. Les gramínies eren les plantes menys conegudes de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’O, Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac is the name given to two massifs located between the counties of el Vallès Occidental and el Bages, in the province of Barcelona (Catalonia). A large part of this territory corresponds to the Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac, which has an area of 137 square kilometers. The highest point is La Mola (1,103 m). In the southern part there are Paleozoic schists and vulcanites, as well as a granitic intrusion and a strip of Triassic materials. However, most of the massifs are of Eocene conglomerates. The climate is Mediterranean, with hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is concentrated in spring and, specially, in autumn. In terms of vegetation, woods of holm oak predominate, often mixed with pine and sometimes with oak. Shrubs, dry meadows and rock-dwelling plants are also common. The flora, basically Mediterranean, is very rich, with more than a thousand species. With regard to grasses or Poaceae, it should be emphasized that this is one of the most important families of Phanerogams, with more than 11,000 species identified, and to which cereals, the basis of both the human and livestock food chain, belong. They are almost always herbaceous plants. The leaves are narrow with parallel nerves. The flowers are usually hermaphrodites, with three stamens and two feathery stigmas, but instead of a perianth they have a lemma and a palea at the base. One or more flowers are grouped in a spikelet, which bears two glumes at the base. The spikelets, in turn, are grouped into spikes, racemes or panicles. The fruit is a caryopsis. The methodology in the study of grasses consists of observing the plant in nature and also examining it at home or in the laboratory, using a hand-lens or a dissecting microscope. Specialized studies require other techniques. In many cases it is important to dry and press the plants for conservation in herbarium. Grasses were the least known plants in Sant Llorenç del Munt and l’Obac, the knowledge of which t

Imagery has become a key tool for assessing deep-sea megafaunal biodiversity, historically based on physical sampling using fishing gears. Image datasets provide quantitative and repeatable estimates, small-scale spatial patterns and habitat descriptions. However, taxon identification from images is challenging and often relies on morphotypes without considering a taxonomic framework. Taxon identification is particularly challenging in regions where the fauna is poorly known and/or highly diverse. Furthermore, the efficiency of imagery and physical sampling may vary among habitat types. Here, we compared biodiversity metrics (alpha and gamma diversity, composition) based on physical sampling (dredging and trawling) and towed-camera still images (1) along the upper continental slope of Papua New Guinea (sedimented slope with wood-falls, a canyon and cold seeps), and (2) on the outer slopes of the volcanic islands of Mayotte, dominated by hard bottoms. The comparison was done on selected taxa (Pisces, Crustacea, Echinoidea, and Asteroidea), which are good candidates for identification from images. Taxonomic identification ranks obtained for the images varied among these taxa (e.g., family/order for fishes, genus for echinoderms). At these ranks, imagery provided a higher taxonomic richness for hard-bottom and complex habitats, partially explained by the poor performance of trawling on these rough substrates. For the same reason, the gamma diversity of Pisces and Crustacea was also higher from images, but no difference was observed for echinoderms. On soft bottoms, physical sampling provided higher alpha and gamma diversity for fishes and crustaceans, but these differences tended to decrease for crustaceans identified to the species/morphospecies level from images. Physical sampling and imagery were selective against some taxa (e.g., according to size or behavior), therefore providing different facets of biodiversity. In addition, specimens collected at a larger scale

Rod Paragus je široko rasprostranjen, nalazi se na svim kontinentima izuzev Antarktika i Južne Amerike. Pripada potfamiliji Syrphinae i jedini je predstavnik tribusa Paragini. Rod se deli na četiri podroda: Afroparagus, Serratoparagus, Paragus i Pandasyopthalmus. Adulti se prepoznaju po žutom licu, razvijenom tergitu 1, kao i nesegmentisanom edeagusu genitalnog aparata, dok njihove larve se hrane afidama. Cilj ove teze je bio da se odredi tačan broj validnih vrsta ovog roda rešavanjem taksonomskih i nomenklaturnih problema, kao i analiza distribucije vrsta. Kao rezultat ove teze utvrđeno je da je autor tribusa Paragini je Glumac, koji je prvi definisao tribus, a ne Goffe kako se do sada smatralo, takođe i postojanje 98 validnih vrsta roda Paragus: dve iz podroda Afroparagus, devet vrsta i jedna podvrsta Serratoparagus, 51 vrsta podroda Paragus i 36 vrsta podroda Pandasyopthalmus. Taksonomski status vrste P. ambalaensis i P. hokusankoensis je ostao nerazjašnjen usled nemogućnosti provere tipskog materijala. Za devet vrsta je ustanovljeno da su mlađi sinonimi: Paragus cooksoni syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. basilewskyi), P. hanzhongensis syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. clausseni), P. hyalopteri syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. xinyuanensis), P. jiuchiensis syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. clausseni), P. manensis syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. basilewskyi), P. mongolicus syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. tribuliparamerus), P. nigrocoerulea syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. haemorrhous), P. sinicus syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. fasciatus), P. tibialis var. nasutus syn. nov. (sinonim vrste P. haemorrhous). Jako značajan rezultat ove disertacije je ključ za identifikaciju vrsta roda Paragus. Geometrijskomorfometrijskom analizom oblika krila i surstila potvrđen je postojanje četiri validne vrste unutar Paragus bicolor kompleksa: P. bicolor i P. testaceus, P. aff. bicolor i P. aff. testaceus. Otkrivene su dve nove vrste za nauku unutar P. bicolor kompleksa: P. aff. bicolor i P. aff. testaceus. Dobijeni su n, Genus Paragus is widely distributed. It can found on all continents except Antarctica and South America. It belongs to the subfamily Syrphinae, and is the sole genus of the Paragini tribe. Paragus is divided into four subgenera: Afroparagus, Serratoparagus, Paragus and Pandasyopthalmus. Adults can recognize by their yellow face, developed tergite 1, as well as unsegmented edeagus of the genitalia, while their larvae are aphid predators. The main aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine the exact number of valid species of this genus by solving taxonomic and nomenclature problems, as well as to analyze the distribution of these species. As a result of this thesis, it was established that the author of the tribe Paragini should be Glumac, who defined the tribe for the first time and not Goffe as previously thought. Existence of 98 valid species of this genus was confirmed: two from the subgenus Afroparagus, nine species and one subspecies from subgenus Serratoparagus, 51 species of the subgenus Paragus and 36 species of the subgenus Pandasyopthalmus. The taxonomic status of P. ambalaensis and P. hokusankoensis remained unresolved, due to the impossibility of examining the type material of these species. Nine species are proposed as junior synonyms: Paragus cooksoni syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. basilewskyi), P. hanzhongensis syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. clausseni), P. hyalopteri syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. xinyuanensis), P. jiuchiensis syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. clausseni), P. manensis syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. basilewskyi), P. mongolicus syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. tribuliparamerus), P. nigrocoerulea syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. haemorrhous), P. sinicus syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. fasciatus), P. tibialis var. nasutus syn. nov. (junior synonym of P. haemorrhous). A key is presented for identifying species of the genus Paragus. Wing and surstilus geometric-morph

Imagery has become a key tool for assessing deep-sea megafaunal biodiversity, historically based on physical sampling using fishing gears. Image datasets provide quantitative and repeatable estimates, small-scale spatial patterns and habitat descriptions. However, taxon identification from images is challenging and often relies on morphotypes without considering a taxonomic framework. Taxon identification is particularly challenging in regions where the fauna is poorly known and/or highly diverse. Furthermore, the efficiency of imagery and physical sampling may vary among habitat types. Here, we compared biodiversity metrics (alpha and gamma diversity, composition) based on physical sampling (dredging and trawling) and towed-camera still images (1) along the upper continental slope of Papua New Guinea (sedimented slope with wood-falls, a canyon and cold seeps), and (2) on the outer slopes of the volcanic islands of Mayotte, dominated by hard bottoms. The comparison was done on selected taxa (Pisces, Crustacea, Echinoidea, and Asteroidea), which are good candidates for identification from images. Taxonomic identification ranks obtained for the images varied among these taxa (e.g., family/order for fishes, genus for echinoderms). At these ranks, imagery provided a higher taxonomic richness for hard-bottom and complex habitats, partially explained by the poor performance of trawling on these rough substrates. For the same reason, the gamma diversity of Pisces and Crustacea was also higher from images, but no difference was observed for echinoderms. On soft bottoms, physical sampling provided higher alpha and gamma diversity for fishes and crustaceans, but these differences tended to decrease for crustaceans identified to the species/morphospecies level from images. Physical sampling and imagery were selective against some taxa (e.g., according to size or behavior), therefore providing different facets of biodiversity. In addition, specimens collected at a larger scale

Imagery has become a key tool for assessing deep-sea megafaunal biodiversity, historically based on physical sampling using fishing gears. Image datasets provide quantitative and repeatable estimates, small-scale spatial patterns and habitat descriptions. However, taxon identification from images is challenging and often relies on morphotypes without considering a taxonomic framework. Taxon identification is particularly challenging in regions where the fauna is poorly known and/or highly diverse. Furthermore, the efficiency of imagery and physical sampling may vary among habitat types. Here, we compared biodiversity metrics (alpha and gamma diversity, composition) based on physical sampling (dredging and trawling) and towed-camera still images (1) along the upper continental slope of Papua New Guinea (sedimented slope with wood-falls, a canyon and cold seeps), and (2) on the outer slopes of the volcanic islands of Mayotte, dominated by hard bottoms. The comparison was done on selected taxa (Pisces, Crustacea, Echinoidea, and Asteroidea), which are good candidates for identification from images. Taxonomic identification ranks obtained for the images varied among these taxa (e.g., family/order for fishes, genus for echinoderms). At these ranks, imagery provided a higher taxonomic richness for hard-bottom and complex habitats, partially explained by the poor performance of trawling on these rough substrates. For the same reason, the gamma diversity of Pisces and Crustacea was also higher from images, but no difference was observed for echinoderms. On soft bottoms, physical sampling provided higher alpha and gamma diversity for fishes and crustaceans, but these differences tended to decrease for crustaceans identified to the species/morphospecies level from images. Physical sampling and imagery were selective against some taxa (e.g., according to size or behavior), therefore providing different facets of biodiversity. In addition, specimens collected at a larger scale

Two new genera of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Luctithonus Lingafelter and Duocris­tala Lingafelter, are described from Hispaniola. Two new species of Luctithonus are described: Luctithonus aski Lingafelter and L. duartensis Lingafelter. A third species, L. pantherinus (Zayas), is newly recorded from Hispan­iola and the Dominican Republic (new country record), and transferred from Sternidius Haldeman as a new combination. Additional new species of Lamiinae are described from Hispaniola: Eugamandus albipumilus Lingafelter; Leptostylopsis opuntiae Lingafelter; and Lethes turnbowi Lingafelter. Keys to tribes of Lamiinae, genera of Acanthocinini, and species of Luctithonus in Hispaniola are included.

La familia de dípteros Rhiniidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) se encuentra distribuida fundamentalmente en las areas tropicales y subtropicales de las regiones Afrotropical, Australiana, Oriental y Paleártica. Tradicionalmente era considerada con el rango taxonómico de subfamilia de la familia Calliphoridae. No obstante, estudios filogenéticos recientes, basados en el análisis de caracteres morfológicos y moleculares, evidencian que Calliphoridae no es un grupo monofilético. Esto provocó diversos cambios sistemáticos, considerando a los rhiniidos con el rango taxonómico de familia independiente. Actualmente, se reconocen casi 400 especies de Rhiniidae agrupadas en dos subfamilias y 30 géneros. La región Afrotropical alberga la mayor diversidad de rhiniidos a nivel mundial, con un total aproximado de 170 especies comprendidas en 5 géneros de la subfamilia Rhiniinae y 11 de Cosmininae. Existe muy poca información sobre la diversidad, biología y distribución geográfica de la familia Rhiniidae. El ciclo biológico y en particular los hábitos y morfología larvaria es desconocido para la mayoría de las especies. La mayor parte del conocimiento se limita a unas pocas especies restringidas a enclaves geográficos muy concretos. En general, se conoce que tienen una fuerte asociación ecológica a ambientes naturales, que los adultos frecuentan flores por lo que se cree que son importantes polinizadores y que algunas especies parecen tener una estrecha relación con termitas. En cuanto al estudio de su diversidad y taxonomia, desde los años setenta muy pocas investigaciones se han realizado en relación a Rhiniidae en la región Afrotropical, por lo cual el conocimiento del grupo se encuentra desactualizado. Además, su identificación morfológica, en muchos casos, depende exclusivamente de la terminalia masculina y por lo tanto muchos ejemplares femeninos permanecen sin identificar o inadecuadamente identificados. El objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es contribuir y actualizar el cono

La familia de dípteros Rhiniidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) se encuentra distribuida fundamentalmente en las areas tropicales y subtropicales de las regiones Afrotropical, Australiana, Oriental y Paleártica. Tradicionalmente era considerada con el rango taxonómico de subfamilia de la familia Calliphoridae. No obstante, estudios filogenéticos recientes, basados en el análisis de caracteres morfológicos y moleculares, evidencian que Calliphoridae no es un grupo monofilético. Esto provocó diversos cambios sistemáticos, considerando a los rhiniidos con el rango taxonómico de familia independiente. Actualmente, se reconocen casi 400 especies de Rhiniidae agrupadas en dos subfamilias y 30 géneros. La región Afrotropical alberga la mayor diversidad de rhiniidos a nivel mundial, con un total aproximado de 170 especies comprendidas en 5 géneros de la subfamilia Rhiniinae y 11 de Cosmininae. Existe muy poca información sobre la diversidad, biología y distribución geográfica de la familia Rhiniidae. El ciclo biológico y en particular los hábitos y morfología larvaria es desconocido para la mayoría de las especies. La mayor parte del conocimiento se limita a unas pocas especies restringidas a enclaves geográficos muy concretos. En general, se conoce que tienen una fuerte asociación ecológica a ambientes naturales, que los adultos frecuentan flores por lo que se cree que son importantes polinizadores y que algunas especies parecen tener una estrecha relación con termitas. En cuanto al estudio de su diversidad y taxonomia, desde los años setenta muy pocas investigaciones se han realizado en relación a Rhiniidae en la región Afrotropical, por lo cual el conocimiento del grupo se encuentra desactualizado. Además, su identificación morfológica, en muchos casos, depende exclusivamente de la terminalia masculina y por lo tanto muchos ejemplares femeninos permanecen sin identificar o inadecuadamente identificados. El objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es contribuir y actualizar el cono

flora treatment for the Phyllanthaceae occurring in the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi is provided. The present volumeincludes a key to all genera, and a full treatment of the following seven genera:Amanoa, Flueggea, Margaritaria, Meineckia, Pentabrachion, Phyllanthus,Pseudolachnostylis, Uapaca. In total, 77 species are included. The remainder ofthe Phyllanthaceae genera occurring in the Flora region were treated in previousvolumes of the Flora series, but an identification key to all genera is provided. Allspecies come with a full morphological description, protologue and type information,synonyms, data on their distribution, habitat, vernacular names and uses,as well as references to additional literature and the citation of representativeherbarium specimens. Eleven species, all within Phyllanthus, are endemic to thearea of the Flora. Fourty-seven botanical drawings as well as 10 photo plates areincluded. One new variety is described, two lectotypes are designated and ninenames are newly treated as synonyms., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

With increased knowledge of the Amphipoda Siphonoecetini over the past 30 years, classification of this group of shallow water benthic amphipods is reappraised. The cerapodids and ericthonids are removed from the Siphonoecetini, and two new tribes, Cerapodini and Ericthonini, are diagnosed in the Ischyrocerinae. Three new subtribes, Siphonoecetina, Bubo-corophiina and Caribboecetina, are proposed in the Siphonoecetini. Subgenera in Siphonoecetes, Australoecetes and Am-bicholestes are elevated to full genus rank and diagnosed. Corocubanus Ortiz & Nazabal, 1984 is placed in synonymy of Caribboecetes Just, 1983. Concholestes nanshaensis Ren, 2006 is transferred to Ambicholestes Just, 1998. This concept of Siphonoecetini presently comprises 19 genera and 62 species. Keys to world taxa in the Siphonoecetini are presented.

A systematic study of the genus Ormyrus (Chalcidoidea, Ormyridae) was conducted based on the morphology and biology of the terminal-instar larvae of ten west European species that are parasitoids of gall wasps and gallflies of the families Cynipidae, Eurytomidae and Tephritidae. The first detailed descriptions are provided of the terminal-instar larvae of these ten species using SEM images to illustrate diagnostic characters with systematic values. A key is provided for the identification of ormyrid larvae associated with galls in Europe, which is based particularly on characters of the head, mouthparts and mandibles. Although only limited informative variation in body shape was found, the setation of the head provided several characters of potential taxonomic value. The larval biology of the ten ormyrid species inhabiting different galls is also summarised. Although Ormyrus larvae are usually solitary idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the host larva of various gall-inhabiting insects, evidence of secondary phytophagy was observed in some species.

The Korean peninsula with associated islands located between the Pacific Ocean and Asian Continent has a distinctive mammalian fauna. Unfortunately, facts about Korean mammals are relatively unknown in other countries and taxonomy has rarely been updated. I made a checklist of fossil mammals occurring in the Korean peninsula. I identified 136 species in 12 orders 33 families of fossil mammals since the Eocene and 90 species (70%) have become extinct in the Korean peninsula. I also made current species accounts for all Korean mammal species with their taxonomic status, morphology, identification, field signs, distribution, major habitats, natural history, management, and conservation status. Although I listed 132 species, I confirmed 125 species in 8 orders and 31 families of both terrestrial and marine mammals in Korea. Due to low mammalian species richness in the present compared to the Pleistocene, I evaluated evidence for a peninsula effect on terrestrial mammal richness on the Korean peninsula and investigated the peninsula effect on mammal diversity on 14 global peninsulas over 50,000km2. The objectives were to test and identify causes of the peninsula effect and determine whether the premise of a gradient decline in species diversity represents an ubiquitous, global tendency in peninsulas. I used the IUCN spatial datasets of terrestrial mammals and the WorldClim dataset for climate data. Although the Korean peninsula exhibited a marginally significant peninsula effect (P=0.1), South Korea exhibited significant peninsula effect (P<0.05). With the exception of the Kamchatka Peninsula (P=0.15), all peninsulas had a significant relationship between species richness and distance from the mainland boundary to the tip. Ten peninsulas had a negative relationship of species diversity with distance from the mainland boundary, and 4 peninsulas had a positive relationship (Malay, Anatolian, Cape York and Kamchatka). Although a gradient decline in species diversity along t

A revision of the genus Acyphoderes Audinet-Serville, 1833 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with a brief synopsis of the genus Bromiades Thomson, 1864, is presented. Acyphoderes to comprise eight South American species, Acyphoderes aurulenta (Kirby, 1818), A. abdominalis (Olivier, 1795), A. auricapilla Fisher, 1947, A. crinita (Klug, 1825), A. hirtipes (Klug, 1825), A. rubrohirsutotibialis Tippmann, 1953, A. carinicollis Bates, 1873 and A. amboroensis Clarke 2013; and Acyphoderes is divided into three informal species groups. A new genus, Ameriphoderes, is proposed for eleven Mexican and Central American species, Ameriphoderes acutipennis (Thomson, 1860), A. amoena (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979), A. ayalai (Chemsak and Linsley, 1988), A. bayanicus (Giesbert, 1991), A. cribricollis (Bates, 1892), A. magna (Giesbert, 1991), A. parva (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979), A. prolixa (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979), A. suavis (Bates, 1885), A. velutina (Bates, 1885) and A. yucateca (Bates, 1892); and Ameriphoderes is divided into two informal species groups. Acyphoderes delicata Horn, 1894 is placed in its own genus, Amerispheca. Other new genera are proposed for the following; Acyderophes for Acyphoderes fulgida Chemsak and Linsley, 1979; Brachyphoderes for Acyphoderes dehiscens Chemsak, 1997 and A. longicollis Chemsak and Noguera, 1993; Acutiphoderes for Acyphoderes odyneroides White, 1855; and Anomaloderes for Acyphoderes itaiuba Martins and Galileo, 2004. Acyphoderes sexualis Bates, 1885 and Sphecomorpha forficulifera (Gounelle, 1913) are moved to the new genus Forficuladeres. Acyphoderes synoecae Chemsak and Noguera, 1997 from Mexico is treated as a junior synonym of Sphecomorpha vespiventris (Bates, 1880) from Guatemala. Acyphoderes cracentis Chemsak and Noguera, 1997 from Mexico, and Acyphoderes violaceus Bezark, Santos-Silva and Martins, 2012 from Costa Rica are placed in the new genus Odontogracilis, together with two species, Odontocera exilis Fisher, 1947 from Mesoamerica and Odon

The present study described the Scylla species collected from Cochin backwaters for two years from June 2010 to May 2012. Identification and description of Scylla species were carried out based on the morphological characters focusing on the first and second male gonopods, and third maxillipeds. The first male pleopods of the three species were found to be similar in shape, but variations were observed in the setation pattern. S. serrata and S. tranquebarica showed two patches of setae on the inner margin on its posterior end, which was thin and inconspicuous in the former, while thick and conspicuous in the latter. S. olivacea was found to possess only a single tuft of thick setae on the inner margin of the first male pleopod. The second male pleopods were similar in S. serrata and S. tranquebarica, while found to be varied in S. olivacea. The second male pleopods were found to possess setation on the inner margin on its posterior region in S. olivacea, which was totally absent in S. serrata and S. tranquebarica. There were no significant variations in the third maxillipeds among the three Scylla spp. The third maxillipeds of three Scylla spp. were characterized by broad and flattened merus and ischium, lined with thick hairs on the inner margin. The present study shows the occurrence of three species, Scylla serrata, S. tranquebarica and S. olivacea, in Cochin backwaters. However identification of species needs to be confirmed using molecular techniques.

Mud crab or mangrove crab (Genus Scylla de Haan) is one of the most extensively cultured and economically important brachyuran crabs from the family Portunidae in Indo-Pacific countries, including India. Mud crabs exhibit variations in colour, size, spination, polygonal pattern and habitat. These contribute to the confusion in their identification. Accurate identification of the species is essential in the breeding programmes of domesticated stocks and is a crucial factor in the success of stock enhancement programmes. The taxonomic uncertainty of the genus Scylla in India is still an issue and several papers are being published using misleading identification. This is the first attempt to resolve the taxonomical ambiguity of mud crabs commonly found in Indian waters using multiple molecular genetic approaches. ITS-1, RAPD, PCRRFLP and mt-DNA sequencing along with traditional morphometric methods were used. Furthermore, a PCR method was developed by which mud crab species in India could be identified rapidly and accurately. The results of gene sequencing along with other molecular markers clearly indicated that the ‘green’ morph of Indian mud crab is S. serrata, while the ‘brown’ one is S. olivacea which was validated using the revised classification of mud crabs by Keenan et al. (1998). The S. serrata commonly mentioned in published literatures from India is S. olivacea and the S. tranquebarica, as believed by many Indian researchers, should be classified as S. serrata. Therefore, caution should be taken while interpreting or implementing the biological, molecular and aquaculture data published in those literatures.

Parasitic wasps constitute one of the last remaining frontiers in the charting of animal diversity. The Braconidae is the second most species-rich family of parasitic wasps; the world fauna has been estimated at 40 000 species and the Swedish fauna is believed to include a little more than 2 000 species, 1 200 of which are currently documented. This thesis is a contribution to the rapidly increasing knowledge of braconid diversity. In paper I, a new gregarious parasitoid, Meteorus acerbiavorus sp. nov. (Braconidae: Eupohrinae), is described from specimens reared from the cocoons of the butterfly Acerbia alpina (Quensel) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) in northwestern Finnish Lapland. Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species is shown to belong to the M. rubens species group. In the second paper, the Western Palearctic fauna of the tribe is revised, seven new species are described and a key to the Western Palearctic species is presented. Two molecular markers, 28S and COI, are used to study phylogenetic relationships in the tribe. The molecular results showed that the Meteorini fall into four well supported clades. The results also reveal a considerable cryptic species diversity. The third paper deals with distributional, phenological and in many cases rearing data from nearly 2 500 specimens (44 species) of the Meteorini in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland (NMS), Edinburgh. Patterns in the breadth of host ranges are discussed in relation to a reiterated speciation hypothesis. Paper IV examines the phylogenetic relationships of the entire subfamily Euphorinae based upon four gene regions (18S, CAD, 28S D2, and COI). A revised classification of the Euphorinae is proposed that recognizes 55 genera and 14 tribes. Our study shows that early members of the Euphorinae were parasitoids of coleopteran larvae, with a host shift to larval Lepidoptera, adult or immature hosts in the Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera., At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Parasitic wasps constitute one of the last remaining frontiers in the charting of animal diversity. The Braconidae is the second most species-rich family of parasitic wasps; the world fauna has been estimated at 40 000 species and the Swedish fauna is believed to include a little more than 2 000 species, 1 200 of which are currently documented. This thesis is a contribution to the rapidly increasing knowledge of braconid diversity. In paper I, a new gregarious parasitoid, Meteorus acerbiavorus sp. nov. (Braconidae: Eupohrinae), is described from specimens reared from the cocoons of the butterfly Acerbia alpina (Quensel) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) in northwestern Finnish Lapland. Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species is shown to belong to the M. rubens species group. In the second paper, the Western Palearctic fauna of the tribe is revised, seven new species are described and a key to the Western Palearctic species is presented. Two molecular markers, 28S and COI, are used to study phylogenetic relationships in the tribe. The molecular results showed that the Meteorini fall into four well supported clades. The results also reveal a considerable cryptic species diversity. The third paper deals with distributional, phenological and in many cases rearing data from nearly 2 500 specimens (44 species) of the Meteorini in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland (NMS), Edinburgh. Patterns in the breadth of host ranges are discussed in relation to a reiterated speciation hypothesis. Paper IV examines the phylogenetic relationships of the entire subfamily Euphorinae based upon four gene regions (18S, CAD, 28S D2, and COI). A revised classification of the Euphorinae is proposed that recognizes 55 genera and 14 tribes. Our study shows that early members of the Euphorinae were parasitoids of coleopteran larvae, with a host shift to larval Lepidoptera, adult or immature hosts in the Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera., At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Parasitic wasps constitute one of the last remaining frontiers in the charting of animal diversity. The Braconidae is the second most species-rich family of parasitic wasps; the world fauna has been estimated at 40 000 species and the Swedish fauna is believed to include a little more than 2 000 species, 1 200 of which are currently documented. This thesis is a contribution to the rapidly increasing knowledge of braconid diversity. In paper I, a new gregarious parasitoid, Meteorus acerbiavorus sp. nov. (Braconidae: Eupohrinae), is described from specimens reared from the cocoons of the butterfly Acerbia alpina (Quensel) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) in northwestern Finnish Lapland. Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species is shown to belong to the M. rubens species group. In the second paper, the Western Palearctic fauna of the tribe is revised, seven new species are described and a key to the Western Palearctic species is presented. Two molecular markers, 28S and COI, are used to study phylogenetic relationships in the tribe. The molecular results showed that the Meteorini fall into four well supported clades. The results also reveal a considerable cryptic species diversity. The third paper deals with distributional, phenological and in many cases rearing data from nearly 2 500 specimens (44 species) of the Meteorini in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland (NMS), Edinburgh. Patterns in the breadth of host ranges are discussed in relation to a reiterated speciation hypothesis. Paper IV examines the phylogenetic relationships of the entire subfamily Euphorinae based upon four gene regions (18S, CAD, 28S D2, and COI). A revised classification of the Euphorinae is proposed that recognizes 55 genera and 14 tribes. Our study shows that early members of the Euphorinae were parasitoids of coleopteran larvae, with a host shift to larval Lepidoptera, adult or immature hosts in the Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera., At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Parasitic wasps constitute one of the last remaining frontiers in the charting of animal diversity. The Braconidae is the second most species-rich family of parasitic wasps; the world fauna has been estimated at 40 000 species and the Swedish fauna is believed to include a little more than 2 000 species, 1 200 of which are currently documented. This thesis is a contribution to the rapidly increasing knowledge of braconid diversity. In paper I, a new gregarious parasitoid, Meteorus acerbiavorus sp. nov. (Braconidae: Eupohrinae), is described from specimens reared from the cocoons of the butterfly Acerbia alpina (Quensel) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) in northwestern Finnish Lapland. Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species is shown to belong to the M. rubens species group. In the second paper, the Western Palearctic fauna of the tribe is revised, seven new species are described and a key to the Western Palearctic species is presented. Two molecular markers, 28S and COI, are used to study phylogenetic relationships in the tribe. The molecular results showed that the Meteorini fall into four well supported clades. The results also reveal a considerable cryptic species diversity. The third paper deals with distributional, phenological and in many cases rearing data from nearly 2 500 specimens (44 species) of the Meteorini in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland (NMS), Edinburgh. Patterns in the breadth of host ranges are discussed in relation to a reiterated speciation hypothesis. Paper IV examines the phylogenetic relationships of the entire subfamily Euphorinae based upon four gene regions (18S, CAD, 28S D2, and COI). A revised classification of the Euphorinae is proposed that recognizes 55 genera and 14 tribes. Our study shows that early members of the Euphorinae were parasitoids of coleopteran larvae, with a host shift to larval Lepidoptera, adult or immature hosts in the Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera., At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Parasitic wasps constitute one of the last remaining frontiers in the charting of animal diversity. The Braconidae is the second most species-rich family of parasitic wasps; the world fauna has been estimated at 40 000 species and the Swedish fauna is believed to include a little more than 2 000 species, 1 200 of which are currently documented. This thesis is a contribution to the rapidly increasing knowledge of braconid diversity. In paper I, a new gregarious parasitoid, Meteorus acerbiavorus sp. nov. (Braconidae: Eupohrinae), is described from specimens reared from the cocoons of the butterfly Acerbia alpina (Quensel) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) in northwestern Finnish Lapland. Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species is shown to belong to the M. rubens species group. In the second paper, the Western Palearctic fauna of the tribe is revised, seven new species are described and a key to the Western Palearctic species is presented. Two molecular markers, 28S and COI, are used to study phylogenetic relationships in the tribe. The molecular results showed that the Meteorini fall into four well supported clades. The results also reveal a considerable cryptic species diversity. The third paper deals with distributional, phenological and in many cases rearing data from nearly 2 500 specimens (44 species) of the Meteorini in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland (NMS), Edinburgh. Patterns in the breadth of host ranges are discussed in relation to a reiterated speciation hypothesis. Paper IV examines the phylogenetic relationships of the entire subfamily Euphorinae based upon four gene regions (18S, CAD, 28S D2, and COI). A revised classification of the Euphorinae is proposed that recognizes 55 genera and 14 tribes. Our study shows that early members of the Euphorinae were parasitoids of coleopteran larvae, with a host shift to larval Lepidoptera, adult or immature hosts in the Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera., At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Parasitic wasps constitute one of the last remaining frontiers in the charting of animal diversity. The Braconidae is the second most species-rich family of parasitic wasps; the world fauna has been estimated at 40 000 species and the Swedish fauna is believed to include a little more than 2 000 species, 1 200 of which are currently documented. This thesis is a contribution to the rapidly increasing knowledge of braconid diversity. In paper I, a new gregarious parasitoid, Meteorus acerbiavorus sp. nov. (Braconidae: Eupohrinae), is described from specimens reared from the cocoons of the butterfly Acerbia alpina (Quensel) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) in northwestern Finnish Lapland. Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species is shown to belong to the M. rubens species group. In the second paper, the Western Palearctic fauna of the tribe is revised, seven new species are described and a key to the Western Palearctic species is presented. Two molecular markers, 28S and COI, are used to study phylogenetic relationships in the tribe. The molecular results showed that the Meteorini fall into four well supported clades. The results also reveal a considerable cryptic species diversity. The third paper deals with distributional, phenological and in many cases rearing data from nearly 2 500 specimens (44 species) of the Meteorini in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland (NMS), Edinburgh. Patterns in the breadth of host ranges are discussed in relation to a reiterated speciation hypothesis. Paper IV examines the phylogenetic relationships of the entire subfamily Euphorinae based upon four gene regions (18S, CAD, 28S D2, and COI). A revised classification of the Euphorinae is proposed that recognizes 55 genera and 14 tribes. Our study shows that early members of the Euphorinae were parasitoids of coleopteran larvae, with a host shift to larval Lepidoptera, adult or immature hosts in the Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera., At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.

The mangrove field guide is a 32-page field guide with a one page introduction on mangroves, followed by a key to mangrove genera and species (with colored pictures of the whole plant and plant parts), then a definition of important terms used in the key, species code for use during mangrove community structure, instructions on how to conduct mangrove community structure analysis plus the formulas for the different indices (relative density, dominance, frequency; importance value and species diversity) and a sample data sheet. The guide, measuring 9 cm x 14 cm, is printed on PVC material hence it can get wet, soaked or be left in the water for days.

A chorological study of the species of the genus Ambrosia L. (Compositae) present on the Iberian Peninsula has been performed. The species were Ambrosia maritima L., A. tomentosa Nutt., A. trifida L., A. artemisiifolia L., A. psilostachya DC. and A. tenuifolia Spreng. Additionally, using material from the herbarium and samples collected by the authors, we carried out a morphological and micromorphological study of the leaves and fruits of the species examined, in the latter case using a scanning electron microscope. The data obtained allowed the elaboration of two keys for the determination of these species; one based on leaf characteristics and the other on floral and carpological aspects. The corological study revealed that the penetration of the neophyte plants occurs through the Mediterranean and Atlantic littoral areas, first colonizing habitats altered by human activity, such as roadsides, railway lines, maritime dunes, abandoned crop lands and the banks of rivers and streams., Se ha realizado un estudio corológico de las especies del género Ambrosia L. (Compositae) presentes en la Península Ibérica. Son Ambrosia maritima L., A. tomentosa Nutt., A. trifida L., A. artemisiifolia L., A. psilostachya DC. y A. tenuifolia Spreng. Además, utilizando material de herbario y ejemplares recolectados por los autores, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio morfológico y micromorfológico de las hojas y frutos de dichas especies, para lo que se ha utilizado el microscopio electrónico de barrido. Los datos obtenidos han permitido la elaboración de dos claves de determinación para estas especies, una basada en caracteres foliares y la otra en aspectos florales y carpológicos. El estudio corológico revela que la penetración de estos neófitos se produce a través de los litorales mediterráneo y atlántico, colonizando en primer lugar hábitats alterados por la actividad humana, como cunetas de carreteras, vías férreas, dunas marítimas, cultivos abandonados o riberas de ríos y arroyos.

The tribe Meteorini includes two genera, Meteorus and Zele, which are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. More than 300 species are known, about one fifth of which occur in the Western Palearctic. Here, we revise the Western Palearctic species, based partly on traditional approaches and partly on molecular analysis of recent Swedish and Finnish material. For the analyses of phylogenetic relationships and cryptic species diversity, we coded 17 morphological characters and sequenced two markers, 28S D2 (649 bp) and CO1 (665 bp). More than 1 970 specimens representing 54 species of Meteorus Haliday and 5 species of Zele Curtis were studied; of these, 177 specimens represent- ing 41 species were sequenced. Seven new species are described, all from the Fennoscandian material: Meteorus artocercus sp. nov., M. densipilosus sp. nov., M. eklundi sp. nov., M. longipilosus sp. nov., M. sibyllae sp. nov., M. stenomastax sp. nov., and M. subtilisulcus sp. nov. Four new synonyms are introduced: Z. chlorophthalmus (Spinola 1808), syn. nov. for M. pallidus (Nees 1812), M. punctifrons Thomson 1895, syn. nov. for M. varinervis (Tobias 1986), M. melanostictus Capron 1887, syn. nov for M. monachae (Tobias 1986), and M. tenellus Marshall 1887, syn. nov. for M. boreus (Tobias 1986). Meteorus tenellus is removed from synonymy with M. cinctellus. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of at least 12 additional cryptic species but these cannot be separated morphologically at this point and, therefore, we do not describe them here. The phylogenetic results suggest that Zele should be included within Meteorus but we refrain from formal changes of the generic classification until more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the tribe can be completed. A key to the known Western Palearctic species is presented.

The tribe Meteorini includes two genera, Meteorus and Zele, which are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. More than 300 species are known, about one fifth of which occur in the Western Palearctic. Here, we revise the Western Palearctic species, based partly on traditional approaches and partly on molecular analysis of recent Swedish and Finnish material. For the analyses of phylogenetic relationships and cryptic species diversity, we coded 17 morphological characters and sequenced two markers, 28S D2 (649 bp) and CO1 (665 bp). More than 1 970 specimens representing 54 species of Meteorus Haliday and 5 species of Zele Curtis were studied; of these, 177 specimens represent- ing 41 species were sequenced. Seven new species are described, all from the Fennoscandian material: Meteorus artocercus sp. nov., M. densipilosus sp. nov., M. eklundi sp. nov., M. longipilosus sp. nov., M. sibyllae sp. nov., M. stenomastax sp. nov., and M. subtilisulcus sp. nov. Four new synonyms are introduced: Z. chlorophthalmus (Spinola 1808), syn. nov. for M. pallidus (Nees 1812), M. punctifrons Thomson 1895, syn. nov. for M. varinervis (Tobias 1986), M. melanostictus Capron 1887, syn. nov for M. monachae (Tobias 1986), and M. tenellus Marshall 1887, syn. nov. for M. boreus (Tobias 1986). Meteorus tenellus is removed from synonymy with M. cinctellus. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of at least 12 additional cryptic species but these cannot be separated morphologically at this point and, therefore, we do not describe them here. The phylogenetic results suggest that Zele should be included within Meteorus but we refrain from formal changes of the generic classification until more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the tribe can be completed. A key to the known Western Palearctic species is presented.

The tribe Meteorini includes two genera, Meteorus and Zele, which are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. More than 300 species are known, about one fifth of which occur in the Western Palearctic. Here, we re- vise the Western Palearctic species, based partly on traditional approaches and partly on molecular analysis of recent Swedish and Finnish material. For the analyses of phylogenetic relationships and cryptic species diversity, we coded 17 morphological characters and sequenced two markers, 28S D2 (649 bp) and CO1 (665 bp). More than 1 970 specimens representing 54 species of Meteorus Haliday and 5 species of Zele Curtis were studied; of these, 177 specimens represent- ing 41 species were sequenced. Seven new species are described, all from the Fennoscandian material: Meteorus artocer- cus sp. nov., M. densipilosus sp. nov., M. eklundi sp. nov., M. longipilosus sp. nov., M. sibyllae sp. nov., M. stenomastax sp. nov., and M. subtilisulcus sp. nov. Four new synonyms are introduced: Z. chlorophthalmus (Spinola 1808), syn. nov. for M. pallidus (Nees 1812), M. punctifrons Thomson 1895, syn. nov. for M. varinervis (Tobias 1986), M. melanostictus Capron 1887, syn. nov for M. monachae (Tobias 1986), and M. tenellus Marshall 1887, syn. nov. for M. boreus (Tobias 1986). Meteorus tenellus is removed from synonymy with M. cinctellus. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of at least 12 additional cryptic species but these cannot be separated morphologically at this point and, therefore, we do not describe them here. The phylogenetic results suggest that Zele should be included within Meteorus but we refrain from formal changes of the generic classification until more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the tribe can be complet- ed. A key to the known Western Palearctic species is presented., AuthorCoun4: 2, The Swedish Taxonomy Initiative

Identification keys, diagnoses, hosts, and distribution data are provided for adults of the 26 species of Ixodes known from Mexico. Data are from specimens deposited in the Coleccion Nacional de Acaros (CNAC), Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and from the literature., Published in Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, v81 p289-298, 2010.

This manual provides information on the biology, morphology, natural distribution, habitat, and economic importance of 22 notable species of Macrobrachium in the Philippines.

An overview of eriophyoid species (Eriophyoidea), obligate phytophagous mites of raspberries and blackberries (Rubus spp.) registered in the world and in Serbia is given. Distribution and relation to the host of 27 species belonging to family Eriopohyidae and 5 belonging to family Diptilomiopidae, registered until now in the world are enclosed. It is stated that only 12 species cause characteristic symptoms while all others are vagrants. Most of the species are not widely distributed, till now, except raspberry leaf mite, Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.), blackberry mite, Acalitus essiggi Hassan and blackberry rust eriophyid mite Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nal.). Only five species are registered until now in Serbia. Their distribution is presented according to the data extracted from the "acarology collection", deposited at the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Belgrade -Zemun. Besides, identification keys and original drawings for these species are also given. ., U radu se daje pregled vrsta eriofida (Eriophyoidea), obligatnih fitofagnih grinja, registrovanih na malini i kupini (Rubus spp.) u svetu i Srbiji. Za 27 vrsta iz familije Eriophyidae i pet iz familije Diptilomiopidae, registrovanih u svetu, navodi se rasprostranjenje i odnos prema biljci domaćinu. Karakteristične simptome izaziva 12 vrsta, dok su ostale slobodnoživeće. Većina vrsta nije široko rasprostranjena. Izuzetak su eriofida lista maline Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.), eriofida kupine Acalitus essigi Hassan i rđasta eriofida kupine Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nal.). U Srbiji je do sada registrovano samo pet vrsta. Njihovo rasprostranjenje je prikazano na osnovu podataka iz akarološke kolekcije, deponovane na Katedri za entomologiju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu-Zemunu. Pored toga, priložen je i ključ za identifikaciju ovih vrsta sa originalnim crtežima.

An overview of eriophyoid species (Eriophyoidea), obligate phytophagous mites of raspberries and blackberries (Rubus spp.) registered in the world and in Serbia is given. Distribution and relation to the host of 27 species belonging to family Eriopohyidae and 5 belonging to family Diptilomiopidae, registered until now in the world are enclosed. It is stated that only 12 species cause characteristic symptoms while all others are vagrants. Most of the species are not widely distributed, till now, except raspberry leaf mite, Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.), blackberry mite, Acalitus essiggi Hassan and blackberry rust eriophyid mite Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nal.). Only five species are registered until now in Serbia. Their distribution is presented according to the data extracted from the "acarology collection", deposited at the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Belgrade -Zemun. Besides, identification keys and original drawings for these species are also given. ., U radu se daje pregled vrsta eriofida (Eriophyoidea), obligatnih fitofagnih grinja, registrovanih na malini i kupini (Rubus spp.) u svetu i Srbiji. Za 27 vrsta iz familije Eriophyidae i pet iz familije Diptilomiopidae, registrovanih u svetu, navodi se rasprostranjenje i odnos prema biljci domaćinu. Karakteristične simptome izaziva 12 vrsta, dok su ostale slobodnoživeće. Većina vrsta nije široko rasprostranjena. Izuzetak su eriofida lista maline Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.), eriofida kupine Acalitus essigi Hassan i rđasta eriofida kupine Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nal.). U Srbiji je do sada registrovano samo pet vrsta. Njihovo rasprostranjenje je prikazano na osnovu podataka iz akarološke kolekcije, deponovane na Katedri za entomologiju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu-Zemunu. Pored toga, priložen je i ključ za identifikaciju ovih vrsta sa originalnim crtežima.

[EN] This is a worldwide catalogue of the family Merlucciidae. Two subfamilies, Macruroninae and Merlucciinae, are recognized comprising four genera, Lyconodes, Lyconus, Macruronus and Merluccius, and 18 species. The following subspecies are proposed: Macruronus novaezelandiae magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907; Merluccius albidus magnoculus Ginsburg, 1954, Merluccius australis polylepis Ginsburg, 1954 and Merluccius polli cadenati Doutre, 1960 and Merluccius merluccius smiridus Rafinesque, 1810. The possibility of one other subspecies, Merluccius merluccius lessepsianus, represents the first record of Merluccius from the Red Sea. Merluccius paradoxus is first recorded from Madagascar. In the introductory chapters, Merlucciidae systematics is debated, justifications for the proposed taxonomic organization are provided, and the characters used for the identifications are discussed. Dichotomous keys are provided in the systematics chapter, enabling the identification of the hakes to the species level. Subfamilies and genera are also defined. The species are arranged in alphabetical order under each subfamily and genus to which they belong. The scientific name appears in bold at the head of each genus and species description, followed by the author, year of first description, and publication. Existing synonyms and FAO common names in English, French and Spanish are also provided. For each species there is an illustration followed by ten sections: description or diagnosis with differential characters; additional information; geographical distribution; habitat and biology; size; fisheries; fishery statistics; state of resources; local names, if any; and bibliographical references (author and year). The review is completed by a series of colour plates showing details of different elements (heads, otoliths, hyomandibulars, urohyals) for a quick and efficient diagnosis of the genera and species of Lyconus, Macruronus and Merluccius, [ES] Éste es un catálogo mundial de la familia Merlucciidae. Se presentan dos subfamilias: Macruroninae y Merlucciinae, con cuatro géneros: Lyconodes, Lyconus, Macruronus y Merluccius, debidamente comentadas e ilustradas que incluyen 18 especies. Se proponen las siguientes subespecies: Macruronus novaezelandiae magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907, Merluccius albidus magnoculus Ginsburg, 1954, Merluccius australis polylepis Ginsburg, 1954, Merluccius polli cadenati Doutre, 1960 y Merluccius merluccius smiridus Rafinesque, 1810, así como la posibilidad de la existencia de otra, Merluccius merluccius lessepsianus, que constituiría la primera cita del género Merluccius en el Mar Rojo. Igualmente se lleva a cabo el primer registro de Merluccius paradoxus en Madagascar. En los capítulos introductorios se debate la sistemática de Merlucciidae, justificando la organización taxonómica propuesta, y se discute sobre los caracteres usados para la identificación. En el capítulo sistemático se presentan las claves dicotómicas que permiten identificar los organismos tratados aquí hasta el nivel de especie. Se definen también las subfamilias y los géneros. La descripción de las especies se encabeza con el nombre científico, el autor de la primera descripción y el año de la misma, así como el lugar donde se publicó. Inmediatamente después, si existen, sus sinónimos y los nombres FAO en español, francés e inglés. A continuación se presenta una ilustración de la especie a la que siguen diez apartados: descripción o diagnosis, según el caso, con las características diferenciales, notas complementarias, distribución geográfica (acompañada de un mapa), hábitat y biología, talla, pesquería, nombres locales, si los tiene y, finalmente, las referencias bibliográficas (autor y año), utilizadas en cada caso. Finalmente, el trabajo se complementa con una serie de láminas en color que muestran aspectos y detalles de diferentes elementos (cabezas, otolitos, hiomandibulares, urohiales), que, en conjunto

A 106-page guide is a user-friendly presentation of technical botanical description and illustrations of Philippine mangrove species in Panay Island, Guimaras and Aurora Province. Vegetative and reproductive structures of 34 mangrove species that are readily observed in the field are emphasized and presented in color photographs and as graphic icons. Also discussed: importance of mangroves; mangrove decline and legislation; conservation and rehabilitation; and mangrove-friendly aquaculture.

Thirty new records of macrobenthic algae for Panay and Guimaras Islands are reported, consisting of 12 species of Chlorophyceae, 4 Phaeophyceae and 14 Rhodophyceae.

The contents of the key are as follows; gymnosperms, monocot trees, dicot trees, dicot shrubs, monocot lianes, dicot lianes, lycopods, ferns, orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes, other monocots, dicot herbs, composite herbs and adventives. (auth)

Diagnostic features for the identification of postlarval Penaeus found in the shore waters of the Philippines are described and categorized based on specimens caught from the wild and those hatched and reared in the laboratory. Differentiating features for postlarval Penaeus are given which include the relative length of the antennular flagellum, the shape of the rostrum and number of rostral teeth, the antennal spine, the spinules on the dorsal caina of the sixth abdominal segment, and chromatophore patterns. Postlarval Penaeus were classified into two species and two groups as follows: (1) P. monodon, larger in size with dense chromatophores, and the long inner antennular flagellum being more than 2.0 times the outer antennular flagellum; (2) P. semisulcatus, the inner flagellum being 1.6 to 2.0 times the outer antennular flagellum, the the absence of chromatophore on the middle portion of the telson and uropods; (3) P. merguiensis group, less pigmented, the inner flagellum being less than 1.6 times the outer flagellum and (4) P. japonicus group, a short rostum, presence of spinules on the dorsal carina of the sixth abdominal segment, and dense chromatophores. The determinations were confirmed by rearing experiments.

Diagnostic characters for the identification of postlarval Penaeus appearing along the coastal waters of the Philippines are reviewed and categorized, based on materials from the wild and laboratory. Presently there are 7 adult known species belonging to the genus Penaeus around Panay Island and its adjacent waters, namely: P. monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. merguiensis, P. indicus, P. japonicus , P. canaliculatus, and P. latisulcatus.