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In this study, overloaded elution profiles under ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) conditions and accounting for the severe pressure and temperature gradients generated, are compared with experimental data. The model system consisted of an C18 column packed with 1.7-µm particles (i.e., a UHPLC column) and the solute was 1,3,5-tri‑tert-butylbenzene eluted with a mobile phase composed of 85/15 (v/v) acetonitrile/water. Two thermal modes were considered, and the solute was eluted at the very high inlet pressures necessary to achieve a highly efficient and rapid chromatographic process, as provided by using columns packed with small particles. However, the high inlet pressure and high linear velocity of the mobile phase caused the production of a significant amount of heat, and consequently, the formation of axial and radial temperature gradients. Due to these gradients, the retention and the mobile phase velocity were no longer constant. Thus, simple mathematical models consisting only of the mass balance equations are unsuitable to properly model the elution profiles. Here, the elution concentration profiles were predicted using a combined two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model, also including the calculation of the mobile phase velocity distribution. The isotherm adsorption model was the bi-Langmuir isotherm model with Henry constants that depended on the local temperature and pressure in the column. These adjustments allowed us to precisely account for changes in the shape and retention of the overloaded concentration profiles in the mobile phase. The proposed model provided accurate predictions of the overloaded concentration profiles, demonstrating good agreement with experimental profiles eluted under severe pressure and temperature gradients in the column even in the most extreme cases where the pressure drops reached 846 bar and the temperature gradients equaled 0.15 K mm−1 and 0.95 K mm−1 in the axial and the radial directions, respectiv

In this study, overloaded elution profiles under ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) conditions and accounting for the severe pressure and temperature gradients generated, are compared with experimental data. The model system consisted of an C18 column packed with 1.7-µm particles (i.e., a UHPLC column) and the solute was 1,3,5-tri‑tert-butylbenzene eluted with a mobile phase composed of 85/15 (v/v) acetonitrile/water. Two thermal modes were considered, and the solute was eluted at the very high inlet pressures necessary to achieve a highly efficient and rapid chromatographic process, as provided by using columns packed with small particles. However, the high inlet pressure and high linear velocity of the mobile phase caused the production of a significant amount of heat, and consequently, the formation of axial and radial temperature gradients. Due to these gradients, the retention and the mobile phase velocity were no longer constant. Thus, simple mathematical models consisting only of the mass balance equations are unsuitable to properly model the elution profiles. Here, the elution concentration profiles were predicted using a combined two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model, also including the calculation of the mobile phase velocity distribution. The isotherm adsorption model was the bi-Langmuir isotherm model with Henry constants that depended on the local temperature and pressure in the column. These adjustments allowed us to precisely account for changes in the shape and retention of the overloaded concentration profiles in the mobile phase. The proposed model provided accurate predictions of the overloaded concentration profiles, demonstrating good agreement with experimental profiles eluted under severe pressure and temperature gradients in the column even in the most extreme cases where the pressure drops reached 846 bar and the temperature gradients equaled 0.15 K mm−1 and 0.95 K mm−1 in the axial and the radial directions, respectiv

The purpose of this article lies in a theoretical approach after the same author’s research entitled: Theoretical Model from Teaching Perception in the University Context in the bachelor’s in nursing UNELLEZ-VPDS subprograms. In the current dynamic educational scenario, guidance emerges as a highly relevant need at all levels and modalities of the learning process. Its fundamental role lies in guiding and accompanying the student on their path towards comprehensive training and self-realization. It is a constant and long-term flow that conceives of the person, defined from different perspectives and according to the individual's need for assistance. In this sense, a documentary review was carried out on theoretical and practical consultation models located in a qualitative paradigm within the framework of a complex dialogic approach whose epistemological basis is interpretive in nature. Thus, in the research plan, ontological, epistemological and methodological references linked to people will be addressed; emphasizing the search for common points, cooperation and complementarity between social actors, theorists and theories related to the topic. The informants selected for the collection of information were five (5) teachers. Based on this paradigm, educational guidance studies and originates the educational, psychological, and socioeconomic faculties of people throughout their lives, with the aim of harmonizing their personal growth with the social development of the country. The relevance of a practical theoretical model in university guidance from the teaching approach is raised., O objetivo deste artigo reside em uma abordagem teórica a partir da pesquisa do mesmo autor intitulada: Modelo Teórico da Percepção Docente no Contexto Universitário no subprograma de Licenciatura em Enfermagem da UNELLEZ-VPDS. No atual cenário educacional dinâmico, a orientação surge como uma necessidade altamente relevante em todos os níveis e modalidades do processo de aprendizagem. O seu papel fundamental reside em orientar e acompanhar o aluno no seu caminho rumo à formação integral e à autorrealização. É um fluxo constante e de longo prazo que concebe a pessoa como um todo, definido a partir de diferentes perspectivas e de acordo com a necessidade de assistência do indivíduo. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma revisão documental sobre modelos de consulta teórica e prática situados num paradigma qualitativo no quadro de uma abordagem dialógica complexa cuja base epistemológica é de natureza interpretativa. Assim, no plano de pesquisa serão abordadas referências ontológicas, epistemológicas e metodológicas ligadas às pessoas; enfatizando a busca por pontos comuns, cooperação e complementaridade entre atores sociais, teóricos e teorias relacionadas ao tema. Os informantes selecionados para a coleta de informações foram cinco (5) professores. Com base neste paradigma, a orientação educacional estuda e origina as faculdades educacionais, psicológicas e socioeconômicas das pessoas ao longo da vida, com o objetivo de harmonizar o seu crescimento pessoal com o desenvolvimento social do país. Levanta-se a relevância de um modelo teórico prático na Orientação Universitária a partir da abordagem de ensino., El propósito de este artículo radica en una aproximación teórica tras la investigación del mismo autor titulada: Modelo Teórico desde la Percepción Docente en el Contexto Universitario en el subprograma Licenciatura en Enfermería UNELLEZ-VPDS. En el dinámico escenario educativo actual, la orientación emerge como una necesidad de gran relevancia en todos los niveles y modalidades del proceso de aprendizaje. Su papel fundamental reside en guiar y acompañar al estudiante en su camino hacia la formación integral y la autorrealización. Es un flujo constante y de largo plazo que concibe a la persona como un todo, definido desde diferentes perspectivas y según la necesidad de asistencia del individuo. En este sentido, se realizó una revisión documental sobre modelos teóricos y prácticos de consulta ubicados en un paradigma cualitativo en el marco de un enfoque dialógico complejo cuya base epistemológica es de carácter interpretativo. Así, en el plan de la investigación se abordarán referentes ontológicos, epistemológicos y metodológicos ligados a las personas; haciendo énfasis en la búsqueda de puntos comunes, de cooperación y complementariedad entre los actores sociales, los teóricos y las teorías relacionadas con el tema. Los informantes seleccionados para la recolección de la información fueron cinco (5) docentes. Con base en este paradigma, la orientación educativa estudia y origina las facultades educativas, también las psicológicas, así como las socioeconómicas de las personas a lo largo de su vida, con el objetivo de armonizar su crecimiento personal con el desarrollo social del país. Se plantea la pertinencia de un modelo teórico Práctico en la Orientación universitaria desde el enfoque docente.

In this study, overloaded elution profiles under ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) conditions and accounting for the severe pressure and temperature gradients generated, are compared with experimental data. The model system consisted of an C18 column packed with 1.7-µm particles (i.e., a UHPLC column) and the solute was 1,3,5-tri‑tert-butylbenzene eluted with a mobile phase composed of 85/15 (v/v) acetonitrile/water. Two thermal modes were considered, and the solute was eluted at the very high inlet pressures necessary to achieve a highly efficient and rapid chromatographic process, as provided by using columns packed with small particles. However, the high inlet pressure and high linear velocity of the mobile phase caused the production of a significant amount of heat, and consequently, the formation of axial and radial temperature gradients. Due to these gradients, the retention and the mobile phase velocity were no longer constant. Thus, simple mathematical models consisting only of the mass balance equations are unsuitable to properly model the elution profiles. Here, the elution concentration profiles were predicted using a combined two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model, also including the calculation of the mobile phase velocity distribution. The isotherm adsorption model was the bi-Langmuir isotherm model with Henry constants that depended on the local temperature and pressure in the column. These adjustments allowed us to precisely account for changes in the shape and retention of the overloaded concentration profiles in the mobile phase. The proposed model provided accurate predictions of the overloaded concentration profiles, demonstrating good agreement with experimental profiles eluted under severe pressure and temperature gradients in the column even in the most extreme cases where the pressure drops reached 846 bar and the temperature gradients equaled 0.15 K mm−1 and 0.95 K mm−1 in the axial and the radial directions, respectiv

In this study, overloaded elution profiles under ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) conditions and accounting for the severe pressure and temperature gradients generated, are compared with experimental data. The model system consisted of an C18 column packed with 1.7-µm particles (i.e., a UHPLC column) and the solute was 1,3,5-tri‑tert-butylbenzene eluted with a mobile phase composed of 85/15 (v/v) acetonitrile/water. Two thermal modes were considered, and the solute was eluted at the very high inlet pressures necessary to achieve a highly efficient and rapid chromatographic process, as provided by using columns packed with small particles. However, the high inlet pressure and high linear velocity of the mobile phase caused the production of a significant amount of heat, and consequently, the formation of axial and radial temperature gradients. Due to these gradients, the retention and the mobile phase velocity were no longer constant. Thus, simple mathematical models consisting only of the mass balance equations are unsuitable to properly model the elution profiles. Here, the elution concentration profiles were predicted using a combined two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model, also including the calculation of the mobile phase velocity distribution. The isotherm adsorption model was the bi-Langmuir isotherm model with Henry constants that depended on the local temperature and pressure in the column. These adjustments allowed us to precisely account for changes in the shape and retention of the overloaded concentration profiles in the mobile phase. The proposed model provided accurate predictions of the overloaded concentration profiles, demonstrating good agreement with experimental profiles eluted under severe pressure and temperature gradients in the column even in the most extreme cases where the pressure drops reached 846 bar and the temperature gradients equaled 0.15 K mm−1 and 0.95 K mm−1 in the axial and the radial directions, respectiv

In this study, overloaded elution profiles under ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) conditions and accounting for the severe pressure and temperature gradients generated, are compared with experimental data. The model system consisted of an C18 column packed with 1.7-µm particles (i.e., a UHPLC column) and the solute was 1,3,5-tri‑tert-butylbenzene eluted with a mobile phase composed of 85/15 (v/v) acetonitrile/water. Two thermal modes were considered, and the solute was eluted at the very high inlet pressures necessary to achieve a highly efficient and rapid chromatographic process, as provided by using columns packed with small particles. However, the high inlet pressure and high linear velocity of the mobile phase caused the production of a significant amount of heat, and consequently, the formation of axial and radial temperature gradients. Due to these gradients, the retention and the mobile phase velocity were no longer constant. Thus, simple mathematical models consisting only of the mass balance equations are unsuitable to properly model the elution profiles. Here, the elution concentration profiles were predicted using a combined two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model, also including the calculation of the mobile phase velocity distribution. The isotherm adsorption model was the bi-Langmuir isotherm model with Henry constants that depended on the local temperature and pressure in the column. These adjustments allowed us to precisely account for changes in the shape and retention of the overloaded concentration profiles in the mobile phase. The proposed model provided accurate predictions of the overloaded concentration profiles, demonstrating good agreement with experimental profiles eluted under severe pressure and temperature gradients in the column even in the most extreme cases where the pressure drops reached 846 bar and the temperature gradients equaled 0.15 K mm−1 and 0.95 K mm−1 in the axial and the radial directions, respectiv

In the subfield of sociomusicology, traditional approaches to understanding music use in everyday life have focused on use in specific and isolated cases. For instance, in Tia DeNora’s foundational text, Music in Everyday Life (2000), theoretical explanation of the interplay of these cases is lacking. This thesis proposes a new theoretical framework and model that expands on this approach to include a more holistic explanation of music use that builds on interdisciplinary and specific perspectives of resilience and everyday life as trauma. I argue that these new perspectives, utilising the theory of posttraumatic growth, can fill this gap and explain music use in everyday life as a process of ‘learning lessons for growth’, thus contributing new analytical approaches to sociomusicology. Besides DeNora’s text, the interdisciplinary works specific to this thesis are from David Chandler and Mark Epstein from the fields of global politics and psychology respectively. The particular music that is analysed to demonstrate the framework are pop songs from a recent Billboard ‘Global 200’ chart and a classical song cycle, ‘Narrow Sea’, recently composed by Caroline Shaw. Also considered in these analyses are music videos and social media.

Introduction: Previous knowledge in the scientific literature on clinical prediction models in patients with COVID-19 may be useful for the development of new research.Objective: To describe the sources, authors, documents and key issues that are part of the research front; identify which models, outcome variables, predictors and algorithms have been relevant; and identify to what extent the available models could meet the quality attributes and what characteristics they must have to be applicable to the Cuban context.Material and Methods: A review and scientometric analysis was carried out on the ongoing research, along with a validation of clinical predictive models for COVID-19. Scientometric indicators were used and a thematic map was made for the analysis of the conceptual structure of the subject.Results: The subject was of great interest, with papers published in the highest impact journals. It is possible to distinguish a context of low and high risk application according to the primary and secondary health care levels. The systematic review published by Wynants et al. was the publication with the greatest impact and an important source for the identification of models, main components, as well as possible causes of bias.Conclusions: The literature recognizes that most of the published models are not recommended for general use in clinical practice, so it is an open research front. However, the data obtained could be useful for the development and validation of Cuban models., Introducción: El conocimiento previo en literatura científica sobre modelos de predicción clínica en pacientes con la COVID-19 puede ser de utilidad para el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones.Objetivo: Describir las fuentes, autores, documentos claves que forman parte del frente de investigación. Identificar qué modelos, variables de resultado, predictores y algoritmos han resultado relevantes. Identificar en qué medida los modelos disponibles podrían cumplir con los atributos de calidad y qué características deberían poseer para ser aplicables en el contexto cubano.Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión y análisis cienciométrico sobre la investigación en desarrollo y validación de modelos de predicción clínica en la COVID-19. Se utilizaron indicadores cienciométrico y se realizó un mapa temático para el análisis de la estructura conceptual del tema.Resultados: El tema resultó de gran interés con trabajos publicados en las revistas de más alto nivel. Es posible distinguir un contexto de aplicación de bajo y alto riesgo acorde con el nivel primario y secundario de salud. La revisión sistemática publicada por Wynants y colaboradores constituyó la publicación de mayor impacto y una fuente importante para la identificación de modelos, principales componentes.Conclusiones: La literatura reconoce que la mayoría de los modelos publicados no se recomiendan para su uso generalizado en la práctica clínica por lo que es un frente de investigación abierto. Sin embargo, los datos obtenidos podrían ser de utilidad para el desarrollo y validación de modelos en Cuba.

Gambling is a legal, recreational activity in many countries. It can provide benefits for some, such as enjoyment or socialisation, but can be harmful for others. Common harmful consequences of gambling include financial harm, relationship stress, and poorer health. Mental health problems, common sources of social disadvantage, are highly correlated with gambling harm. However, the causal effects and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood. If gambling causes mental health problems, this would indicate that gambling may create social disadvantage. If mental health problems lead to gambling harm, this would indicate that gambling may exacerbate existing disadvantage and widen social inequalities. Therefore, better understanding the causal relationships is important for informing the need for policy to reduce the effects, and better understanding the mechanisms underlying the relationship would help to identify interventions that could do this effectively. This thesis aims to improve the understanding of the relationship between mental health problems and gambling harm by exploring the causal effects and the underlying mechanisms of the relationship. It does this through a body of research covering theoretical, experimental, and econometric methods. Chapter 2 presents a new theoretical model of gambling behaviour. The model helps to identify personal characteristics that may increase the risk of gambling harm for people with mental health problems, and features of the gambling environment which may be particularly conducive to causing mental health problems. Chapter 3 presents results from a Discrete Choice Experiment mimicking online gambling on horse racing. The study finds that people with mental health problems put less thought into their bets and prefer riskier bets, two characteristics linked with a higher likelihood of developing gambling harm. Chapter 4 presents econometric analysis of spatial data with information on the location

The accelerated change in the business environment, whether economic, technological, political or social, requires companies to adopt their management processes, including management control, to keep up with the changes and develop their learning capacity. Organizational learning and management control have a complex relationship. According to Kloot (1997), the definitions of control systems and organizational learning share the same objectives because they both deal with the way an organization transforms and adapts to its environment. Furthermore, Dent (1991) supports the idea that control systems can make a dynamic contribution manage organizational transformation by describing a number of new opportunities. But this link needs to be clarified. The purpose of this paper is to provide answers about how management control and organizational learning are related. In this situation, based on a review of the literature, we want to develop a theoretical model that could clarify to what extent the implementation of a management control tool can become a key tool in the development of organizational learning. As a result of this work, we proposed, based on a review of the literature, a model that attempted to clarify the relationship between management control tools, namely planning, monitoring and analysis tools, and organizational learning. This attempt to develop a theoretical model should be followed by a quantitative study using a questionnaire to allow for an empirical evaluation of our model.   Keywords: Organizational learning; theoretical model ; management control. JEL Classification : M40 Paper type: Theoretical Research&nbsp, La mutation accélérée de l'environnement des affaires, qu'il soit de nature économique, technologique, politique ou sociale, impose aux entreprises une adaptation de leurs processus de gestion, y inclut le contrôle de gestion, pour suivre les changements en cours et développer leur capacité d'apprentissage. Or, l'apprentissage organisationnel et le contrôle de gestion ont une relation complexe. Selon Kloot (1997), les définitions des systèmes de contrôle et de l'apprentissage organisationnel partagent les mêmes objectifs, car elles traitent toutes deux de la façon dont une organisation se transforme et s'adapte à son environnement. De plus, Dent (1991) soutient l'idée que les systèmes de contrôle peuvent apporter une contribution dynamique à la gestion de la transformation organisationnelle en décrivant un certain nombre de nouvelles opportunités. Mais ce lien doit être précisé. Le but de cet article est de fournir des réponses au sujet de la façon dont le contrôle de gestion et l'apprentissage organisationnel sont liés. Dans cette situation, nous souhaitons, à partir d'une revue de la littérature, développer un modèle théorique qui pourrait préciser dans quelle mesure la mise en œuvre d'un outil de contrôle de gestion peut devenir un outil clé dans le développement de l’apprentissage organisationnel. À la suite de ce travail, nous avons proposé un modèle qui tentait d'éclaircir les relations entre les outils de contrôle de gestion, à savoir les outils de planification, de suivi et d'analyse, et l'apprentissage organisationnel. Cette tentative d'élaboration d'un modèle théorique devrait être suivie d'une étude quantitative à l'aide d'un questionnaire pour permettre une évaluation empirique de notre modèle.   Mots clés : l'apprentissage organisationnel ; modèle théorique; contrôle de gestion. Classification JEL: M40 Type de l’article : Article théorique.

BACKGROUND: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a complex with a heterogenous clinical presentation. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to cLBP is needed for accurate diagnosis, optimal treatment, and identification of mechanistic targets for new therapies. The Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program provides a unique opportunity in this regard, as it will generate large clinical datasets, including a diverse set of harmonized measurements. The Theoretical Model Working Group was established to guide BACPAC research and to organize new knowledge within a mechanistic framework. This article summarizes the initial work of the Theoretical Model Working Group. It includes a three-stage integration of expert opinion and an umbrella literature review of factors that affect cLBP severity and chronicity. METHODS: During Stage 1, experts from across BACPAC established a taxonomy for risk and prognostic factors (RPFs) and preliminary graphical depictions. During Stage 2, a separate team conducted a literature review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to establish working definitions, associated data elements, and overall strength of evidence for identified RPFs. These were subsequently integrated with expert opinion during Stage 3. RESULTS: The majority (∼80%) of RPFs had little strength-of-evidence confidence, whereas seven factors had substantial confidence for either a positive association with cLBP (pain-related anxiety, serum C-reactive protein, diabetes, and anticipatory/compensatory postural adjustments) or no association with cLBP (serum interleukin 1-beta / interleukin 6, transversus muscle morphology/activity, and quantitative sensory testing). CONCLUSION: This theoretical perspective will evolve over time as BACPAC investigators link empirical results to theory, challenge current ideas of the biopsychosocial model, and use a systems approach to develop tools and algorith

The scope of this work is to discuss the proper choice of macrodispersion coefficients in modeling contaminant transport through the advection dispersion equation (ADE). It is common to model solute concentrations in transport by groundwater with the aid of the ADE. Spreading is quantified by macrodispersivity coefficients, which are much larger than the laboratory observed pore-scale dispersivities. In the frame of stochastic theory, longitudinal macrodispersivity is related to the hydraulic conductivity spatial variability via its statistical moments (mean, variance, integral scales), which are generally determined by geostatistical analysis of field measurements. In many cases, especially for preliminary assessment of contaminant spreading, these data are not available and ad hoc values are adopted by practitioners. The present study aims at recommending dispersivity values based on a thorough analysis of tens of field experiments. Aquifers are classified as of weak, medium, and high heterogeneity and for each class a range of macrodispersivity values is recommended. Much less data are available for the transverse macrodispersivities, which are significantly smaller than the longitudinal one. Nevertheless, a few realistic values based on field data, are recommended for applications. Transport models using macrodispersivities can predict mean concentrations, different from the local ones. They can be used for estimation of robust measures, like plumes spatial moments, longitudinal mass distribution and breakthrough curves at control planes., QC 20230613

Aluminum foams are employed more and more in the automobile sector in order to increase the crashworthiness of energy absorbers. This study examines the energy absorption potential of multi-cellular tubes filled with Al foams. The mean crush forces of foam-filled tubes are calculated using a theoretical model that takes into account the effects of the tube, the foam, and their interaction. A numerical model including the damage constitutive equations is also built to examine the additional crashworthiness properties, such as specific energy absorption and crush force efficiency. The numerical and theoretical models are validated through experiments under quasi-static axial loading, where crashworthiness metrics and deformation images of the tubes are compared. It is observed that the inclusion of damage criteria in the numerical simulation can accurately simulate the deformation of the tubular specimens. It was discovered that foam-filled tubes efficiently absorbed more energy without considerably adding to their total weight compared to hollow, thin-walled tubes. Inserting aluminum foam inside the T4 multi-cell tube improved energy absorption (EA) and crush force efficiency (CFE) by 140 and 84%, respectively. Similarly, inserting aluminum foam inside the T8 multi-cell tube improved EA and CFE by 60 and 34%, respectively. It is also found that the mean force values of empty and foam-filled multi-cell tubes can be predicted using an empirical formula with an error less than 5 and 15%, respectively. Due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and energy absorption capacity, foam-filled multi-cell tubes can be utilized as energy absorbers to reduce damage and additional harm to the passengers in the event of an accident., TUBITAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye) under the ARDEB-1002 Program [115M025], The experimental results obtained in this paper is from the research project which was supported by TUBITAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye) under the ARDEB-1002 Program (Project Number 115M025).

Aluminum foams are employed more and more in the automobile sector in order to increase the crashworthiness of energy absorbers. This study examines the energy absorption potential of multi-cellular tubes filled with Al foams. The mean crush forces of foam-filled tubes are calculated using a theoretical model that takes into account the effects of the tube, the foam, and their interaction. A numerical model including the damage constitutive equations is also built to examine the additional crashworthiness properties, such as specific energy absorption and crush force efficiency. The numerical and theoretical models are validated through experiments under quasi-static axial loading, where crashworthiness metrics and deformation images of the tubes are compared. It is observed that the inclusion of damage criteria in the numerical simulation can accurately simulate the deformation of the tubular specimens. It was discovered that foam-filled tubes efficiently absorbed more energy without considerably adding to their total weight compared to hollow, thin-walled tubes. Inserting aluminum foam inside the T4 multi-cell tube improved energy absorption (EA) and crush force efficiency (CFE) by 140 and 84%, respectively. Similarly, inserting aluminum foam inside the T8 multi-cell tube improved EA and CFE by 60 and 34%, respectively. It is also found that the mean force values of empty and foam-filled multi-cell tubes can be predicted using an empirical formula with an error less than 5 and 15%, respectively. Due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and energy absorption capacity, foam-filled multi-cell tubes can be utilized as energy absorbers to reduce damage and additional harm to the passengers in the event of an accident., TUBITAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye) under the ARDEB-1002 Program [115M025], The experimental results obtained in this paper is from the research project which was supported by TUBITAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye) under the ARDEB-1002 Program (Project Number 115M025).

Adaptive reuse (AR) of heritage buildings is common practice in The Netherlands and is becoming more and more common at the International level. While AR projects are generally considered positive actions towards preserving the qualities of heritage buildings, not all projects have similar (positive) impact. To propose a methodology for dealing with the AR of heritage buildings aiming for positive impact, the AR process has been studied. After a comprehensive systematic literature review, a theoretical model representing the steps of the AR process has been sketched (fig.1). This model depicts the ideal steps of architects in dealing with heritage buildings. To check whether these steps are actually followed, two effective AR projects, winners of the NRP golden phoenix prize, were studied namely ‘LocHal’ in Tilburg (fig.2) and ‘Energiehuis’ in Dordrecht (fig.3). During the research, the cases were visited, the published literature on the cases was reviewed, and architects and other stakeholders involved were interviewed. The interviews were based on the steps of the theoretical model but the model was not shown to the architects till the end of the interview. Finally feedback was asked from the architects if the model represented their actual steps and where they diverged. The analysis of the collected data confirmed that architects followed the steps reported in figure 1. However, the process was reported to be not linear, as suggested in the model, but to include several loops between some of the steps, mainly between steps 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, and 6 (fig.4). Next to refining of the AR model, investigation of the case studies led to the identification of tools and methods used by architects, which have possibly positively influenced the effectiveness (positive impact) of the final result. Both case studies distinguished themselves, according to the NRP jury reports, because of their high ‘social value creation’. Involving end-users, other producers, and original users, The organization of this international colloquium was made possible through the generous fi nancial support of the DIOS Incentive Fund (UHasselt), the Doctoral School of Behavioral Sciences and Humanities (UHasselt), and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), as well as the invaluable practical assistance provided by the Faculty of Architecture and Arts of UHasselt and the Flanders Architecture Institute. Our heartfelt appreciation goes out to all our esteemed colleagues whose dedicated efforts contributed to the seamless execution of this event. This colloquium is organized as an extension of the exhibition As Found: Experiments in Preservation by the Flanders Architecture Institute. Curated by Sofi e De Caigny, Hulya Ertas and Bie Plevoets, the exhibition is on show at De Singel, Antwerp, from 6 September 2023 to 17 March 2024. The exhibition is accompanied by a catalogue, available in English (ISBN: 9789492567321) and Dutch (ISBN: 9789492567338)., Heritage & Architecture

Magnetic topological insulators constitute a novel class of materials whose topological surface states (TSSs) coexist with long-range ferromagnetic order, eventually breaking time-reversal symmetry. The subsequent bandgap opening is predicted to co-occur with a distortion of the TSS warped shape from hexagonal to trigonal. We demonstrate such a transition by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on the magnetically rare-earth (Er and Dy) surface-doped topological insulator Bi2Se2Te. Signatures of the gap opening are also observed. Moreover, increasing the dopant coverage results in a tunable p-type doping of the TSS, thereby allowing for a gradual tuning of the Fermi level toward the magnetically induced bandgap. A theoretical model where a magnetic Zeeman out-of-plane term is introduced in the Hamiltonian governing the TSS rationalizes these experimental results. Our findings offer new strategies to control magnetic interactions with TSSs and open up viable routes for the realization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect.

The bacterium Escherichia coli initiates replication once per cell cycle at a precise volume per origin and adds an on average constant volume between successive initiation events, independent of the initiation size. Yet, a molecular model that can explain these observations has been lacking. Experiments indicate that E. coli controls replication initiation via titration and activation of the initiator protein DnaA. In chapters 2, 3 and 4, we study by mathematical modelling how these two mechanisms interact to generate robust replication-initiation cycles. We first show that a mechanism solely based on titration generates stable replication cycles at low growth rates, but inevitably causes premature reinitiation events at higher growth rates. In this regime, the DnaA activation switch becomes essential for stable replication initiation. Conversely, while the activation switch alone yields robust rhythms at high growth rates, titration can strongly enhance the stability of the switch at low growth rates. Our analysis thus predicts that both mechanisms together drive robust replication cycles at all growth rates. In addition, it reveals how an origin-density sensor yields adder correlations. Initiating replication synchronously at multiple origins of replication allows the bacterium E. coli to divide even faster than the time it takes to replicate the entire chromosome in nutrient rich environments. What mechanisms give rise to synchronous replication initiation remains however poorly understood. In chapter 5, we identify four distinct synchronization regimes depending on two quantities: the duration of the so-called licensing period during which the initiation potential in the cell remains high after the first origin has fired and the duration of the blocking period during which already initiated origins remain blocked. For synchronous replication initiation, the licensing period must be long enough such that all origins can be initiated, but shorter than the blockin

Bioaccumulation in aquatic species is a critical end point in the regulatory assessment of chemicals. Few measured fish bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are available for fragrance ingredients. Thus, predictive models are often used to estimate their BCFs. Because biotransformation can reduce chemical accumulation in fish, models using QSAR-estimated biotransformation rates have been developed. Alternatively, biotransformation can be measured by in vitro methods. In this study, biotransformation rates for nine fragrance ingredients were measured using trout liver S9 fractions and used as inputs to a recently refined in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model. BCFs predicted by the model were then compared to (i) in vivo BCFs, (ii) BCFs predicted using QSAR-derived biotransformation rates, (iii) BCFs predicted without biotransformation, and (iv) BCFs predicted by a well-known regression model. For fragrance ingredients with relatively low (<4.7) log K(OW) values, all models predicted BCFs below a bioaccumulation threshold of 1000. For chemicals with higher (4.7-5.8) log K(OW) values, the model incorporating measured in vitro biotransformation rates and assuming no correction for potential binding effects on hepatic clearance provided the most accurate predictions of measured BCFs. This study demonstrates the value of integrating measured biotransformation rates for prediction of chemical bioaccumulation in fish.

Stochastic resonance (SR) in a single-electron system is expected to allow information to be correctly carried and processed by single electrons in the presence of thermal fluctuations. Here, we comprehensively study thermally driven single-electron SR. The response of the system to a weak voltage signal is formulated by considering the single-electron tunneling rate, instead of the Kramers' rate generally used in conventional SR models. The model indicates that the response of the system is maximized at finite temperature and that the peak position is determined by the charging energy. This model quantitatively reproduces the results of a single-electron device simulator. Single-electron SR is also demonstrated using a GaAs-based single-electron system that integrates a quantum dot and a high-sensitivity charge detector. The developed model will contribute to our understanding of single-electron SR and will facilitate accurate prediction, design, and control of single-electron systems.

Stochastic resonance (SR) in a single-electron system is expected to allow information to be correctly carried and processed by single electrons in the presence of thermal fluctuations. Here, we comprehensively study thermally driven single-electron SR. The response of the system to a weak voltage signal is formulated by considering the single-electron tunneling rate, instead of the Kramers' rate generally used in conventional SR models. The model indicates that the response of the system is maximized at finite temperature and that the peak position is determined by the charging energy. This model quantitatively reproduces the results of a single-electron device simulator. Single-electron SR is also demonstrated using a GaAs-based single-electron system that integrates a quantum dot and a high-sensitivity charge detector. The developed model will contribute to our understanding of single-electron SR and will facilitate accurate prediction, design, and control of single-electron systems.

Over the last two decades, several studies have overlooked at-school belonging and engagement, two dimensions that are associated with several positive outcomes. However, the relative influence that contexts and interventions may have on these components has received much less attention. In this study, school belonging and engagement were examined as a function of the implementation and application of classroom rules. The study took place in two Moroccan schools, and participants were 238 students from 9th grade (101 boys, 137 girls; Mage = 15.1) living in the cities of Casablanca and Témara. They all completed a questionnaire that allowed to measure their belonging and engagement in conjunction with the manner in which rules are implemented and applied. Correlational and structural equation modeling methods were used to analyze the aforementioned relationships. Results showed that implementation of classroom rules had a positive effect on school belonging, which, in turn, had a positive effect on school engagement. These results indicated the need to conduct further empirical research to measure the contribution of classroom management practices on school belonging., En este estudio, se examinó la pertenencia y el compromiso escolar en función de la implementación y aplicación de las reglas del aula. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos escuelas marroquíes, y los participantes fueron 238 estudiantes de noveno grado (101 niños, 137 niñas; Mage= 15,1) residentes en las ciudades de Casablanca y Témara. Todos completaron un cuestionario que permitió medir su pertenencia y compromiso en conjunto con la forma en que se implementan y aplican las reglas. Se utilizaron métodos de modelado de ecuaciones correlacionales y estructurales para analizar las relaciones antes mencionadas. Los resultados mostraron que la implementación de las reglas del aula tuvo un efecto positivo en la pertenencia a la escuela, lo que, a su vez, tuvo un efecto positivo en la participación escolar. Estos resultados indicaron la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones empíricas para medir la contribución de las prácticas de gestión del aula en la pertenencia a la escuela.

This research focused on the teaching and learning process of students with auditory functional diversity at a University of Manabí- Ecuador. It is framed under the qualitative approach, interpretative paradigm and the phenomenological-hermeneutic method. Information was obtained from the experiences of the versionants through in-depth interview techniques and their interpretation. From the categories of analysis and triangulation, the information obtained through matrices was confronted. The objective of this work is to interpret the reality of students with this condition and the attitude presented by the teacher during the educational process, to respond to auditory functional diversity with a proposal that supports the inclusive university process. With the findings from a systematic and dynamic aspect and the support of the universal design of learning, the configuration of a theoretical model is achieved, an indicative instrument that proposes strategies to support the teaching work and the elements of the curricular project, which will produce new studies referred to curricular mesh, study programs of subjects and the competences that professionals in the higher education system must acquire in this aspect, Esta investigación se focalizó en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes con diversidad funcional auditiva en una Universidad de Manabí- Ecuador. Se enmarca bajo el enfoque cualitativo, paradigma interpretativo y el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Se obtuvo la información de las experiencias de los versionantes a través de técnicas de entrevistas a profundidad y su interpretación. A partir de las categorías de análisis y triangulación, se confrontó la información obtenida a través de matrices. El objetivo de este trabajo es interpretar la realidad de los estudiantes con esta condición y la actitud que presenta el docente durante el proceso educativo, para responder a la diversidad funcional auditiva con una propuesta que apoye al proceso universitario inclusivo. Con los hallazgos desde un aspecto sistemático y dinámico y el apoyo del diseño universal de aprendizaje, se logra la configuración de un modelo teórico, un instrumento orientativo que propone estrategias de sustento a la labor docente y a los elementos del proyecto curricular, lo que producirá nuevos estudios referidos a malla curricular, programas de estudio de asignaturas y las competencias que deben adquirir en este aspecto los profesionales en el sistema educativo superior.

Stochastic resonance (SR) in a single-electron system is expected to allow information to be correctly carried and processed by single electrons in the presence of thermal fluctuations. Here, we comprehensively study thermally driven single-electron SR. The response of the system to a weak voltage signal is formulated by considering the single-electron tunneling rate, instead of the Kramers' rate generally used in conventional SR models. The model indicates that the response of the system is maximized at finite temperature and that the peak position is determined by the charging energy. This model quantitatively reproduces the results of a single-electron device simulator. Single-electron SR is also demonstrated using a GaAs-based single-electron system that integrates a quantum dot and a high-sensitivity charge detector. The developed model will contribute to our understanding of single-electron SR and will facilitate accurate prediction, design, and control of single-electron systems.

Objective: To propose a theoretical model to measure and intertwine the human food activities that affect the loss or achievement of ecosystem balance. Methodology: Adocumentary review was made on the current eating pattern, its determinants, and the impact on planetary health. Results: The transformation of the eating act, determined by different social, economic, and cultural factors, has given rise to unbalanced diets with high consumption of meat, which demand environmental systems. Parallel to this, rates of chronic non-communicable diseases have been increasing, creating a negative effect on planetary health. Limitations: This study formulates a theoretical proposal that allows addressing the complexity of the diet and its effect on public and environmental welfare, serving as a guideline for applied analysis. Conclusions: The MCS provides a broad and critical vi-sion for the analysis and intervention of socioecological difficultiessuch as food, providing scientific bases for health professionals, food production, decision-makers, and public policy developers., Objetivo: proponer un modelo teórico para dimensionar y entrelazar las actividades alimentarias humanas que inciden en la pérdida u obtención del equilibrio ecosistémico. Metodología: se efectuó revisión documental sobre el patrón alimentario actual, sus determinantes y el impacto en la salud planetaria. Resultados: la transformación del acto alimentario, determinada por diferentes factores sociales, económicos y culturales, ha dado lugar a dietas desequilibradas con un alto consumo de carne, que exigen a los sistemas ambientales. Paralelo a esto, las tasas en enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles han ido aumentando, creando un efecto negativo en la salud planetaria. Limitaciones: el presente estudio formula una propuesta teórica que permita abordar la complejidad de la dieta y su efecto en el bienestar público y ambiental, sirviendo como pauta para análisis aplicados. Conclusiones: el MCS otorga una visión amplia y crítica para el análisis e intervención de dificultades socioecológicos como lo es la alimentación, dando bases científicas para profesionales de la salud, producción de alimentos, tomadores de decisiones y desarrolladores de políticas públicas.

The continual growth of the video game industry has led to a significant increase in the scale of development of new projects, requiring considerably more resources to complete. In an attempt to counteract some of the resource requirement inflation, we propose a motor difficulty evaluation mathematical model as a development tool to avoid difficulty targeted playtesting. The proposed model deviated from other currently researched approach by evaluating difficulty in a deterministic manner and without player data. We define the notions of reachability and danger of a game level based on the properties and possible actions of the player’s avatar. Reachability and danger are used to describe two difficulty evaluation metrics: one based on the relative area coverage of reachable to danger, and one based on the perimeter of overlapping areas. The metrics are put to test in levels taken from the game Super Mario Bros. and the results of both metrics are compared to each other as well as with the Nishikado difficulty. We underline current limitations of the model and their effect on the results and provide elementary solutions. We conclude by proposing a possible timeline of future research to expend our model into a general commercial applicable product. La croissance continue de l’industrie du jeu vidéo a conduit à une augmentation significative de l’échelle de développement de nouveaux projets, nécessitant beaucoup plus de ressources pour être achevés. Dans une tentative de contrecarrer une partie de l’inflation des besoins en ressources, nous proposons un modèle mathématique d’évaluation de la difficulté motrice comme outil de développement afin d’éviter les tests de difficulté ciblés. Le modèle proposé se différencie des autres approches actuellement étudiées en évaluant la difficulté de manière déterministe et sans données sur les joueurs. Nous définissons les notions d’accessibilité et de dangerosité d’un niveau de jeu en fonction des propriétés et des actions possi

With radiative cooling coating it is possible to keep the temperature of a surface around or even below air temperature under solar radiation exposure. This study conducted experimental and theoretical analysis of its effectiveness. Setups with different surface coatings and boundary conditions were placed on a roof of a building in Chongqing, China. The 24-h measurements on a representative summer day showed that different boundary conditions at the bottom of the coating led to varied cooling effects, but the surface temperature of the radiative cooling coating stayed below air temperature most of the day when the incident solar radiation was below 800 W m−2. Theoretical models were also established to investigate the heat transfer process. Analysis showed that the longwave radiation absorption amounted to 89.0%–91.9% of the total daily heat gain of the cooling coating. The longwave radiative emission was the sole and significant heat loss pathway for the cooling coating, making the net longwave radiative heat transfer a pathway for heat dissipation. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that on a typical summer day in Chongqing, shortwave reflectivity and incident solar radiation were the dominant factors impacting the diurnal cooling effect, while wind velocity was the most important parameter for nocturnal cooling. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Bioaccumulation in aquatic species is a critical end point in the regulatory assessment of chemicals. Few measured fish bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are available for fragrance ingredients. Thus, predictive models are often used to estimate their BCFs. Because biotransformation can reduce chemical accumulation in fish, models using QSAR-estimated biotransformation rates have been developed. Alternatively, biotransformation can be measured by in vitro methods. In this study, biotransformation rates for nine fragrance ingredients were measured using trout liver S9 fractions and used as inputs to a recently refined in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model. BCFs predicted by the model were then compared to (i) in vivo BCFs, (ii) BCFs predicted using QSAR-derived biotransformation rates, (iii) BCFs predicted without biotransformation, and (iv) BCFs predicted by a well-known regression model. For fragrance ingredients with relatively low (<4.7) log K(OW) values, all models predicted BCFs below a bioaccumulation threshold of 1000. For chemicals with higher (4.7-5.8) log K(OW) values, the model incorporating measured in vitro biotransformation rates and assuming no correction for potential binding effects on hepatic clearance provided the most accurate predictions of measured BCFs. This study demonstrates the value of integrating measured biotransformation rates for prediction of chemical bioaccumulation in fish.

Key points: Motor adaptation is thought to be a strategy to avoid pain. Current experimental pain models do not allow for consistent modulation of pain perception depending on movement. We showed that low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli delivered at painful intensity result in minimal habituation of pain perception (over 60 s) and minimal stimulation artefacts on electromyographic signals. When the amplitude of the low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli was modulated based on the vertical force participants applied to the ground with their right leg while standing upright, we demonstrated a strong association between perceived pain and motor adaptation. By enabling task-relevant modulation of perceived pain intensity and the recording electromyographic signals during electrical painful stimulation, our novel pain model will permit direct experimental testing of the relationship between pain and motor adaptation. Abstract: Contemporary pain adaptation theories predict that motor adaptation occurs to limit pain. Current experimental pain models, however, do not allow for pain intensity modulation according to one's posture or movements. We developed a task-relevant experimental pain model using low-frequency sinusoidal electrical stimuli applied over the infrapatellar fat pad. In fourteen participants, we compared perceived pain habituation and stimulation-induced artefacts in vastus medialis electromyographic recordings elicited by sinusoidal (4, 10, 20 and 50 Hz) and square electrical waveforms delivered at constant peak stimulation amplitude. Next, we simulated a clinical condition where perceived knee pain intensity is proportional to the load applied on the leg by controlling sinusoidal current amplitude (4 Hz) according to the vertical force the participants applied with their right leg to the ground while standing upright. Pain ratings habituated over a 60 s period for 50 Hz sinusoidal and square waveforms but not for low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli (P < 0.001). EMG

This research is based on the importance of educational management and the new challenges of curricular development that teachers have in these times, in which education has presented notable and great changes, which addresses a social problem that has historical background and which those involved in education have to face in a dynamic and innovative way, for which an adequate educational management will allow the institution to achieve its proposed objectives, together with the entire institutional team, developing an optimal work that help improvements for the benefit of the entire educational community. The purpose of the scientific article is to elaborate a theoretical model aimed at the educational manager in the face of current challenges in education to improve the application of curriculum development in the Bartolomé Garelli Educational Unit. Through the application of the qualitative investigative approach that allows us to study and understand the reality of an observed phenomenon, applying various methodologies, such as: The logical historical method, which allows obtaining the background, the chronological evolution that education has had over the course of the years; the method of scientific modeling, which allows visualizing the educational reality for the creation of theoretical models; the holistic method, which allows to analyze and relate the characteristics of those involved in its field of action. For the compilation of the information empirical methods are used, such as: The interview, the survey and the criteria of experts. This provides us with the necessary information to propose a feasible solution through a theoretical model, which will analyze and understand the characteristics of school management to determine the optimal qualities of the manager to help face the new challenges presented by educational actors. (teachers, parents, students) and education., La presente investigación se fundamenta en la importancia de la gestión educativa y en los nuevos desafíos del desarrollo curricular que tienen los docentes en estos tiempos, en el cual la educación ha presentado notables y grandes cambios, que aborda consigo un problema social que tiene antecedentes históricos y al que los involucrados en la educación tienen que afrontar de una manera dinámica e innovadora, para el cual una adecuada gestión educativa va a permitir que la institución logre sus objetivos propuestos, junto con todo el equipo institucional, desarrollando un trabajo óptimo que ayude a mejoras en beneficio de toda la comunidad educativa. El artículo científico tiene como finalidad elaborar un modelo teórico direccionado al gestor educativo ante los desafíos actuales de la educación para mejorar la aplicación del desarrollo curricular en la Unidad Educativa Bartolomé Garelli. Mediante la aplicación del enfoque investigativo cualitativo que nos permite estudiar y comprender la realidad de un fenómeno observado, aplicando diversas metodologías, tales como: El método histórico lógico, que permite obtener los antecedentes, la evolución cronológica que ha tenido la educación con el transcurso de los años; el método de modelación científica, que permite visualizar la realidad educativa para la creación de modelos teóricos; el método holístico, que permite analizar y relacionar las características de los involucrados en su campo de acción. Para la recopilación de la información se utilizan métodos empíricos, tales como: La entrevista, la encuesta y el criterio de expertos. Esto nos provee de la información necesaria para proponer una solución factible a través de un modelo teórico, que va a analizar y comprender las características de la gestión escolar para determinar las cualidades óptimas del gestor que ayude afrontar a los nuevos desafíos que presentan los actores educativos (docentes, padres de familia, estudiantes) y la educación.

Key points: Motor adaptation is thought to be a strategy to avoid pain. Current experimental pain models do not allow for consistent modulation of pain perception depending on movement. We showed that low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli delivered at painful intensity result in minimal habituation of pain perception (over 60 s) and minimal stimulation artefacts on electromyographic signals. When the amplitude of the low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli was modulated based on the vertical force participants applied to the ground with their right leg while standing upright, we demonstrated a strong association between perceived pain and motor adaptation. By enabling task-relevant modulation of perceived pain intensity and the recording electromyographic signals during electrical painful stimulation, our novel pain model will permit direct experimental testing of the relationship between pain and motor adaptation. Abstract: Contemporary pain adaptation theories predict that motor adaptation occurs to limit pain. Current experimental pain models, however, do not allow for pain intensity modulation according to one's posture or movements. We developed a task-relevant experimental pain model using low-frequency sinusoidal electrical stimuli applied over the infrapatellar fat pad. In fourteen participants, we compared perceived pain habituation and stimulation-induced artefacts in vastus medialis electromyographic recordings elicited by sinusoidal (4, 10, 20 and 50 Hz) and square electrical waveforms delivered at constant peak stimulation amplitude. Next, we simulated a clinical condition where perceived knee pain intensity is proportional to the load applied on the leg by controlling sinusoidal current amplitude (4 Hz) according to the vertical force the participants applied with their right leg to the ground while standing upright. Pain ratings habituated over a 60 s period for 50 Hz sinusoidal and square waveforms but not for low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli (P < 0.001). EMG

This research is based on the importance of educational management and the new challenges of curricular development that teachers have in these times, in which education has presented notable and great changes, which addresses a social problem that has historical background and which those involved in education have to face in a dynamic and innovative way, for which an adequate educational management will allow the institution to achieve its proposed objectives, together with the entire institutional team, developing an optimal work that help improvements for the benefit of the entire educational community. The purpose of the scientific article is to elaborate a theoretical model aimed at the educational manager in the face of current challenges in education to improve the application of curriculum development in the Bartolomé Garelli Educational Unit. Through the application of the qualitative investigative approach that allows us to study and understand the reality of an observed phenomenon, applying various methodologies, such as: The logical historical method, which allows obtaining the background, the chronological evolution that education has had over the course of the years; the method of scientific modeling, which allows visualizing the educational reality for the creation of theoretical models; the holistic method, which allows to analyze and relate the characteristics of those involved in its field of action. For the compilation of the information empirical methods are used, such as: The interview, the survey and the criteria of experts. This provides us with the necessary information to propose a feasible solution through a theoretical model, which will analyze and understand the characteristics of school management to determine the optimal qualities of the manager to help face the new challenges presented by educational actors. (teachers, parents, students) and education., La presente investigación se fundamenta en la importancia de la gestión educativa y en los nuevos desafíos del desarrollo curricular que tienen los docentes en estos tiempos, en el cual la educación ha presentado notables y grandes cambios, que aborda consigo un problema social que tiene antecedentes históricos y al que los involucrados en la educación tienen que afrontar de una manera dinámica e innovadora, para el cual una adecuada gestión educativa va a permitir que la institución logre sus objetivos propuestos, junto con todo el equipo institucional, desarrollando un trabajo óptimo que ayude a mejoras en beneficio de toda la comunidad educativa. El artículo científico tiene como finalidad elaborar un modelo teórico direccionado al gestor educativo ante los desafíos actuales de la educación para mejorar la aplicación del desarrollo curricular en la Unidad Educativa Bartolomé Garelli. Mediante la aplicación del enfoque investigativo cualitativo que nos permite estudiar y comprender la realidad de un fenómeno observado, aplicando diversas metodologías, tales como: El método histórico lógico, que permite obtener los antecedentes, la evolución cronológica que ha tenido la educación con el transcurso de los años; el método de modelación científica, que permite visualizar la realidad educativa para la creación de modelos teóricos; el método holístico, que permite analizar y relacionar las características de los involucrados en su campo de acción. Para la recopilación de la información se utilizan métodos empíricos, tales como: La entrevista, la encuesta y el criterio de expertos. Esto nos provee de la información necesaria para proponer una solución factible a través de un modelo teórico, que va a analizar y comprender las características de la gestión escolar para determinar las cualidades óptimas del gestor que ayude afrontar a los nuevos desafíos que presentan los actores educativos (docentes, padres de familia, estudiantes) y la educación.

It has been assumed that at the whole organismal level, the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is proportional to the oxygen consumption. Recently, a number of researchers have challenged this assumption, based on the observation that the ROS production per unit oxygen consumed in the resting state of mitochondrial respiration is much higher than that in the active state. Here, we develop a simple model to investigate the validity of the assumption and the challenge of it. The model highlights the significance of the time budget that mitochondria operate in the different respiration states. The model suggests that under three physiologically possible conditions, the difference in ROS production per unit oxygen consumed between the respiration states does not upset the proportionality between the whole animal ROS production and oxygen consumption. The model also shows that mitochondrial uncoupling generally enhances the proportionality.

Certain applications require a contactless measurement to eliminate the risk of sensorinduced sample contamination. Examples can be found in chemical process control, biotechnology or medical technology. For instance, in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy, continuous in‐line monitoring of blood conductivity as a measure for sodium should be considered. A differential inductive sensing system based on a differential transformer using a specific flow chamber has already proven suitable for this application. However, since the blood in renal replacement therapy is carried in plastic tubing, a direct measurement through the tubing offers a contactless method. Therefore, in this work we present a differential transformer for measuring directly through electrically non‐conductive tubing by winding the tube around the ferrite core of the transformer. Here, the dependence of the winding type and the number of turns of the tubing on the sensitivity has been analyzed by using a mathematical model, simulations and experimental validation. A maximum sensitivity of 364.9 mV/mol/L is measured for radial winding around the core. A longitudinal winding turns out to be less effective with 92.8 mV/mol/L. However, the findings prove the ability to use the differential transformer as a truly contactless sensing system. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Air pollution assessment in the Tropical Andes requires a multidisciplinary approach. This can be supported from the understanding of the underlying biological dynamics and atmospheric behavior, to the mathematical approach for the proper use of all available information. This review paper touches on several aspects in which mathematical models can help to solve challenging problems regarding air pollution in reviewing the state-of-the-art at the global level and assessing the corresponding state of development as applied to the Tropical Andes. We address the complexities and challenges that modelling atmospheric dynamics in a mega-diverse region with abrupt topography entails. Understanding the relevance of monitoring and facing the problems of data scarcity, we call attention to the usefulness of data assimilation for uncertainty reduction, and how these techniques could help tackle the scarcity of regional monitoring networks to accelerate the implementation and development of modelling systems for air quality in the Tropical Andes. Finally, we suggest a cyberphysical framework for decision-making processes based on the data assimilation of chemical transport models, the forecast of scenarios, and their use in regulation and policy making. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Modeling real-life transportation problems usually require the simultaneous incorporation of different variants of the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP). The periodic VRP (PVRP) is a classical extension in which routes are determined for a planning period of several days and each customer has an associated set of allowable visit schedules. This work proposes a unified model framework for PVRP that consists of multiple attributes or variants not previously addressed simultaneously, such as time-windows, time-dependence, and consistency-which guarantees the visits to customer by the same vehicle-, together with three objective functions that respond to the needs of practical problems. The numerical experimentation is focused on the effects of three factors: frequency, depot centrality, and the objective function on the performance of a general-purpose MILP solver, through the analysis of the achieved relative gaps. Results show higher sensitivity to the objective functions and to the problem sizes. © 2020 Baldoquin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome propagation in Canada during 2003 is analysed by means of simple models, comparing the influence of isolation measures on two epidemic waves. Methods: Deterministic susceptible-infected and susceptible-infected-removed models were used for both epidemic waves, using official published information. NLREG 6.2 was used for estimating deterministic parameters and analytical solutions were obtained with Maple 9 software. Dynamical indicators were obtained for the epidemic. Results: Suitable adjustment of the data was observed with both models, but smaller adjustment was observed during the second wave with the non- removed model. The highest rate of infectiousness was shown (35 new cases per 10 000 susceptible people) during the second wave (with R0 near to one), in spite of presenting greater incidence (8.8 cases per day), compensated for by a high rate of removal (11,5 cases per day) which lasted less than the epidemic (11,1 days), and a lower rate of attack (1 case per each 100 susceptible people). Conclusions: The susceptible-infected model can be useful during an epidemic's initial phase (prior to removal); however, closer monitoring of an epidemic's development is required for modelling the strength of removal and deriving useful information for decision-making.

Objective The study was aimed at comparing measles and rubella disease elimination levels in a homogeneous and heterogeneous population according to socioeconomic status with interactions amongst low- and high-income individuals and diversity in the average number of contacts amongst them. Methods Effective reproductive rate simulations were deduced from a susceptibleinfected-recovered (SIR) mathematical model according to different immunization rates using measles (1980 and 2005) and rubella (1998 and 2005) incidence data from Latin-America and the Caribbean. Low- and high-income individuals' social interaction and their average number of contacts were analysed by bipartite random network analysis. MAPLE 12 (Maplesoft Inc, Ontario Canada) software was used for making the simulations. Results The progress made in eliminating both diseases between both periods of time was reproduced in the socially-homogeneous population. Measles (2005) would be eliminated in high- and low-income groups; however, it would only be achieved in rubella (2005) if there were a high immunity rate amongst the low-income group. If the average number of contacts were varied, then rubella would not be eliminated, even with a 95 % immunity rate. Conclusion Monitoring the elimination level in diseases like measles and rubella requires that socio-economic status be considered as well as the population's interaction pattern. Special attention should be paid to communities having diversity in their average number of contacts occurring in confined spaces such as displaced communities, prisons, educational establishments, or hospitals.

Objective: Illustrating disease transmission as a complex system according to complexity theory. Methods: A SIR mathematical model (S=number susceptible, I=number infectious, and R=number recovered or immune) reflecting disease transmission from the connection between states of susceptibility, infection, disease, recovery and non-linearity in the interaction between susceptible and infected was simulated. Infection rate temporal fluctuations were described by logistic mapping. Results: Transmission occurs with the reduction of susceptible states as people become infected and sick, followed by an increase in individuals' recovery following diagnosis and treatment. Small increases in infection rate value led to fluctuations in the number of susceptible and exposed people and randomness in the relationship between being susceptible and infected, until converging towards a regular pattern. Conclusion: The model reflected the connection between states of susceptibility, nonlinearity and chaotic behavior following small increases in infection rate. A historical and trans-disciplinary perspective could help in understanding transmission complexity and coordinating control options.

The use of different multiple-aperture pupils for recording each image in speckle photography is proposed. The introduction of suitable spatial frequency carriers, by internally modulating imaged speckles, allows one to selectively isolate or combine the spectral content of different images into spatially separated regions in the Fourier plane. Theoretical and experimental results extend the speckle photography technique to the depiction of several specklegrams of multiple uniform in-plane displacements. In this case, because different pupils are considered for recording, the cross-correlation functions for the amplitudes and intensities in the image plane are calculated on the basis of the statistical properties of the object. Also, the ensemble-average intensity in the Fourier plane is analytically derived, and fringe visibility is investigated. © 2000 Optical Society of America.

New motor rehabilitation therapies include virtual reality (VR) and robotic technologies. In limb rehabilitation, limb posture is required to (1) provide a limb realistic representation in VR games and (2) assess the patient improvement. When exoskeleton devices are used in the therapy, the measurements of their joint angles cannot be directly used to represent the posture of the patient limb, since the human and exoskeleton kinematic models differ. In response to this shortcoming, we propose a method to estimate the posture of the human limb attached to the exoskeleton. We use the exoskeleton joint angles measurements and the constraints of the exoskeleton on the limb to estimate the human limb joints angles. This paper presents (a) the mathematical formulation and solution to the problem, (b) the implementation of the proposed solution on a commercial exoskeleton system for the upper limb rehabilitation, (c) its integration into a rehabilitation VR game platform, and (d) the quantitative assessment of the method during elbow and wrist analytic training. Results show that this method properly estimates the limb posture to (i) animate avatars that represent the patient in VR games and (ii) obtain kinematic data for the patient assessment during elbow and wrist analytic rehabilitation. © 2014 Camilo Cortés et al.

It has been assumed that at the whole organismal level, the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is proportional to the oxygen consumption. Recently, a number of researchers have challenged this assumption, based on the observation that the ROS production per unit oxygen consumed in the resting state of mitochondrial respiration is much higher than that in the active state. Here, we develop a simple model to investigate the validity of the assumption and the challenge of it. The model highlights the significance of the time budget that mitochondria operate in the different respiration states. The model suggests that under three physiologically possible conditions, the difference in ROS production per unit oxygen consumed between the respiration states does not upset the proportionality between the whole animal ROS production and oxygen consumption. The model also shows that mitochondrial uncoupling generally enhances the proportionality.

Certain applications require a contactless measurement to eliminate the risk of sensorinduced sample contamination. Examples can be found in chemical process control, biotechnology or medical technology. For instance, in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy, continuous in‐line monitoring of blood conductivity as a measure for sodium should be considered. A differential inductive sensing system based on a differential transformer using a specific flow chamber has already proven suitable for this application. However, since the blood in renal replacement therapy is carried in plastic tubing, a direct measurement through the tubing offers a contactless method. Therefore, in this work we present a differential transformer for measuring directly through electrically non‐conductive tubing by winding the tube around the ferrite core of the transformer. Here, the dependence of the winding type and the number of turns of the tubing on the sensitivity has been analyzed by using a mathematical model, simulations and experimental validation. A maximum sensitivity of 364.9 mV/mol/L is measured for radial winding around the core. A longitudinal winding turns out to be less effective with 92.8 mV/mol/L. However, the findings prove the ability to use the differential transformer as a truly contactless sensing system. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article presents a tentative theoretical model of nurses' becoming as human beings in end-of-life care. As human beings, nurses are vulnerable. Caring for patients at the end of life can strengthen their own understanding of life and death. In the caring communion, nurses gain contact with life and themselves as human beings. Nurses' becoming as human beings in end-of-life care can be understood as a strength and a willingness to act in love and in compassion as they strive to understand and be reconciled with their own life situations, happiness, and grief.

The model proposed by Milder and further developed by Robey and You is capable of expressing the internal wave generated by a moving sphere or cylindrical body a satisfied fluid. Unfortunately, this model cannot describe the surface wave because of the rigid lid assumption. In this paper, a modified model is established with linearized governing equations and the free surface condition. This modified model can describe both the internal and surface wave excited by a submerged cylindrical body, and is feasible to arbitrary density profiles. In the investigation, the eigenvalue parameter is first obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem under the boundary condition through Thomson-Haskell method. The eigenvalue parameter is then employed to construct the Green function. The vertical displacement induced by the moving objects is obtained after solving the Green function through Fourier transform in finite or infinite water depth. The results are compared to experimental results and classical theory, respectively. The comparisons show good agreement. The results also show that the waveform consists of multiple wave modes from mode-0 to mode-n. It is also found that mode 0 is associated to the surface wave and the other modes are related to the internal waves.

Key points: Motor adaptation is thought to be a strategy to avoid pain. Current experimental pain models do not allow for consistent modulation of pain perception depending on movement. We showed that low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli delivered at painful intensity result in minimal habituation of pain perception (over 60 s) and minimal stimulation artefacts on electromyographic signals. When the amplitude of the low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli was modulated based on the vertical force participants applied to the ground with their right leg while standing upright, we demonstrated a strong association between perceived pain and motor adaptation. By enabling task-relevant modulation of perceived pain intensity and the recording electromyographic signals during electrical painful stimulation, our novel pain model will permit direct experimental testing of the relationship between pain and motor adaptation. Abstract: Contemporary pain adaptation theories predict that motor adaptation occurs to limit pain. Current experimental pain models, however, do not allow for pain intensity modulation according to one's posture or movements. We developed a task-relevant experimental pain model using low-frequency sinusoidal electrical stimuli applied over the infrapatellar fat pad. In fourteen participants, we compared perceived pain habituation and stimulation-induced artefacts in vastus medialis electromyographic recordings elicited by sinusoidal (4, 10, 20 and 50 Hz) and square electrical waveforms delivered at constant peak stimulation amplitude. Next, we simulated a clinical condition where perceived knee pain intensity is proportional to the load applied on the leg by controlling sinusoidal current amplitude (4 Hz) according to the vertical force the participants applied with their right leg to the ground while standing upright. Pain ratings habituated over a 60 s period for 50 Hz sinusoidal and square waveforms but not for low-frequency sinusoidal stimuli (P < 0.001). EMG

This study examines if overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms, and if these variables could be modified after 1 year of a multimodal intervention (diet, physical activity, psychosocial support). 342 adults (55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus Cognition study were randomized to the intervention or to the control group (lifestyle recommendations). Cognitive and psychopathological assessments were performed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. At baseline, higher impulsivity was linked to higher food addiction and depressive symptoms, but not to body mass index (BMI). Food addiction not only predicted higher BMI and depressive symptoms, but also achieved a mediational role between impulsivity and BMI/depressive symptoms. After 1 year, patients in both groups reported significant decreases in BMI, food addiction and impulsivity. BMI reduction and impulsivity improvements were higher in the intervention group. Higher BMI decrease was achieved in individuals with lower impulsivity. Higher scores in food addiction were also related to greater post-treatment impulsivity. To conclude, overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms in mid/old age individuals with MetS. Our results also highlight the modifiable nature of the studied variables and the interest of promoting multimodal interventions within this population.

It is becoming clear that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not simply a psychiatric disorder, but one that involves pervasive physiological impairments as well. These physiological disturbances deserve attention in any attempt at integrative treatment of PTSD that requires a focus beyond the PTSD symptoms themselves. The physiological disturbances in PTSD range over many systems, but a common thread thought to underlie them is that the chronic effects of PTSD involve problems with allostatic control mechanisms that result in an excess in what has been termed "allostatic load" (AL). A pharmacological approach to reducing AL would be valuable, but, because of the large range of physiological issues involved - including metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular systems - it is unclear whether there exists a simple comprehensive way to address the AL landscape. In this paper, we propose that the cannabinoid system may offer just such an approach, and we outline evidence for the potential utility of cannabinoids in reducing many of the chronic physiological abnormalities seen in PTSD which are thought to be related to excess AL.