1. Cytokine responses to various larval stages of equine strongyles and modulatory effects of the adjuvant G3 in vitro
- Author
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Eva Tydén, Stina Hellman, Bernt Hjertner, Bror Morein, Caroline Fossum, Kefei Hu, and Frida Nilsfors
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Strongyle Infections, Equine ,Biology ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,adjuvant ,Antigen ,Gene expression ,cytokine ,medicine ,Animals ,Horses ,Life Cycle Stages ,Original Paper ,peripheral blood mononuclear cells ,Original Papers ,In vitro ,horse ,Strongylus ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,Larva ,parasite ,gene expression ,Cytokines ,Horse Diseases ,Parasitology ,Developmental biology ,Adjuvant ,Moulting ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Aims To generate different larval stages of Strongylus vulgaris and to study cytokine responses in cultures of eqPBMC exposed to defined larval stages of S. vulgaris and cyathostomins with the aim to understand the early immune reaction to these parasites. Methods and results EqPBMC were exposed to S. vulgaris larvae (L3, exsheated L3 and L4) and cyathostomin L3 and analysed for cytokine gene expression. Procedures for decontamination, culturing and attenuation of larvae were established. Transcription of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 was induced by both S. vulgaris and cyathostomin L3. Moulting of S. vulgaris from L3 to L4 stage was accompanied by a shift to high expression of IL‐5 and IL‐9 (exsheated L3 and L4) and IFN‐γ (L4 only). In parallel, the adjuvant G3 modified the cytokine profile induced by both parasites by reducing the expression of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐10 while concomitantly enhancing the expression of IFN‐γ. Conclusion The L4 stage of S. vulgaris generated a cytokine profile different from that induced by the earlier L3 stage of S. vulgaris and cyathostomins. This diversity depending on the life cycle stage will have implications for the choice of antigen and adjuvant in future vaccine design.
- Published
- 2020