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本稿では、製紙業界の新市場開拓に向けたイノベーションの効果について寡占市場を前提に理論的に捉え、新市場の拡大が企業の生産性・効率性にどのように影響するのか、大王製紙を例にしてシミュレーション・データによる実証分析を試みた。その結果、新市場の開拓は、長期的に製紙企業の効率性を向上させる効果があり、大王製紙のケースでは、2050年時点の効率性は、好景気であった1990年の効率水準に並ぶことが明らかになった。, This paper takes a theoretical view of the effect of innovation on the development of new markets in the paper industry, assuming an oligopoly market, and attempts an empirical analysis of how the expansion of new markets affects the productivity and efficiency of companies, using Daio Paper as an example, through simulation data. The results showed that the development of new markets has the effect of improving the efficiency of paper companies over the long term, and in the case of Daio Paper Corporation, the efficiency in 2050 is on par with the efficiency level in 1990, when the economy was booming., 特集 経済制度と社会秩序の形成に関する理論実証分析, Special issue: Theoretical and empirical studies on the evolution of economic institutions and social order, 論説(Article)

寿岳文章(1900-92)は，関西学院高等学部や京都帝国大学文学部選科で学び，英国詩人ウィリアム・ブレイクの研究やダンテ『神曲』の研究で知られる英文学者，書誌学者である。妻の静子も文筆家であり，夫妻は1933年に京都郊外の西向日町住宅地に居宅向日庵を新築し，そこへ転居する前後から夫妻協力して私版の書物の制作をはじめる。やがて向日庵を拠点としてはじめたのが，北海道を除く本州，四国，九州の和紙漉場調査であった。紙業調査は，寿岳がかねてより師事する言語学者新村出の勧めによるもので，帝国学士院の推薦により，有栖川宮記念学術奨励金を得て実現した。1937年10月から1940年3月までの間に，15回の旅行で96ヵ町村の漉場を実地に訪れている。調査計画の作成と実施には，民藝同人として親交のあった内閣統計局労働課長水谷良一の協力を得た。調査旅行の多くに妻静子が同行し，旅先の風景や紙漉村の描写は静子が，紙漉きに関する専門的な記述は文章が担当し，日々の調査記録が作成された。調査地では文章自ら写真をとり，紙を収集し持ち帰った。紙漉きの沿革や統計資料も集め，実地調査と併行して行われた文献調査の成果と合わせて，紙業調査資料としてまとめてファイルに整理された。漉場調査の成果については，寿岳は調査期間中からの早い段階から，既調査地について『工藝』や『和紙研究』などに論考を発表している。調査の集大成が，私版の向日庵本として制作した文章・静子共著『紙漉村旅日記』である。造本で評価が高いが，訪れた多くの紙漉場ごとに整理された調査項目に従い記述され，紙業調査資料に基づく統計なども含めた科学的な内容を持つ。寿岳はその著作で，化学材料を使い効率化を図る当時流行の改良漉を繰り返し批判する。紙を工藝の視点からみる寿岳は，まざりけない材料で古法を守り漉かれる紙を評価するが，産業としての製紙業とは開きがある。, Bunsho Jugaku (1900-92) is an English scholar and bibliographer known for his research on William Blake and Dante’s Divine Comedy. His wife Shizuko is also a writer. Based in their home, Koujitsu-an, the couple conducted a survey of washi mills in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. This research was realized with an academic scholarship at the recommendation of Izuru Shinmura, whom under Jugaku studied. From October 1937 to March 1940, Jugaku visited 96 towns and villages on 15 trips. Ryoichi Mizutani, Director of the Labor Division of the Cabinet Statistics Bureau, who was a fellow of Mingei, cooperated with the survey plan. In the survey, Shizuko recorded the scenery of her travels, and Jugaku recorded the professional papermaking process. Jugaku took pictures, collected papers, and brought them home. The culmination of their research is “Papermaking Village Travel Diary” by Jugaku Bunsho and Shizuko. It is highly regarded for its excellent binding. It has scientifically researched and described contents about papermaking at that time. Jugaku strongly criticizes the use of chemical materials to make paper more efficient. Jugaku, who sees paper as a craft, appreciates paper made by old methods using materials that cannot be mixed, but there is a gap between paper manufacturing as an industry and as a craft., 特集 : 近代京都と文化, Special Issue : Modern Kyoto Culture

Foam-assisted web forming and chemical application technologies have great potential to improve manufacturing efficiency and product quality in the paper and nonwovens industries. In this study, the benefits of foam forming and foam-assisted application of chemicals were demonstrated in a pilot machine trial. Uniform high-bulk webs of unrefined bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) and viscose fibers were manufactured by foam forming. It was shown that foam formed low-grammage and high-bulk viscose fiber webs can be strengthened by foam-assisted application of latex onto the wet web. Correspondingly, foam-assisted application of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and anionic polyacrylamide (A-PAM) improved the strength of the foam formed low-grammage and high-bulk BSKP web. Overall, the pilot machine results indicated that material cost savings could be achieved and a high-performance product could be manufactured with foam-based technologies.

Cellulose-based materials represent a renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly alternative to plastic from fossil resources. Nanopaper is a strong and lightweight material formed from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Paper and nanopaper have been considered as excellent alternatives to plastics for use in agriculture and for packaging applications. However, common for both paper and nanopaper is their hydrophilic character, and consequently, poor water-resistance properties. ORMOCER®s are a class of inorganic–organic polymers with excellent barrier and protective properties used for a range of coating applications. Here we present ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper. The coated papers and nanopapers are characterized, both in terms of their morphology, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties. We demonstrate that the pressure used during the pressing and drying of paper and nanopaper influence their tear and tensile—properties, and that the morphology of the coated nanopaper differs significantly from that of the coated paper. While the ORMOCER® was impregnated within the porous network of the paper, a well-defined two-layered morphology was obtained with the coated nanopaper. Further, the biodegradability of the nanopaper with and without coating was assessed. The degradation study demonstrated that both the pressure used during the pressing and drying of the nanopaper, and the composition of the ORMOCER®, influenced the rate of degradation. Taken together, ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper are promising for the preparation of materials that are both water-resistant, renewable, and biodegradable.

WOS:000967659000009 The utilization of plant extraction products from Oeneanthe pimpinelloides (Apiaceae family) seeds were investigated in terms of their use as an insecticide control of packaging materials. The aim was to investigate their insecticidal effects against the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. The Oeneanthe pimpinelloides seeds were extracted with methanol. By using the liquid-liquid extraction method, the hexane extract (II) was separated from the methanol extract (I) and hexane and methanol were evaporated. Then, the chemical composition of each sample was determined via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The methanol extract predominantly contained tetrahydrofuran, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy, 2-butoxyethanol, 1-phenylethanone, cyclohexene carboxylate derivative, (3-phenyl-2-propynylidene) cyclopropane, diphenyldiazene, and dihydroxypropyl ester components, while the hexane fraction contained nonane, 1-octanol, decane, undecane, tridecane, alkyl benzene, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoxazine, and hexadecanoic acid components, as well as some derivatives of them. Each fraction was dissolved in DMSO for impregnation on filter paper. The insecticide effects of the paper samples were determined against Tribolium castneum. According to the results, the mortality started after 3 d for each fraction. After 4 d, the hexane fraction indicated total mortality in comparison with the methanol fraction, which showed partial mortality (3/5).

Purpose: The aim of this research work is to analyze and compare profitability performance of selected paper companies in India. Approach/Methodology/Design: An analytical study method is employed in this research work by relying on secondary data. In this research work 12 paper companies are selected as a sample based on their higher net sales and the study period are last10 financial years from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Ratio Analysis is used as an accounting tool in which six profitability ratios are employed. One-way ANOVA technique of parametric test is used as a statistical tool to identify the difference among sample means. Findings: The major finding of the research work indicates that in all the selected paper companies the profitability performance of shows fluctuating trend during the study period of 10 years. The overall performance was good and satisfactory in Satia Industries Ltd., JK paper Ltd., Seshasayee Paper and Board Ltd. and NR Agarwal Industries Ltd. and it was low and dissatisfactory in Orient Paper & Industries Ltd. and Astron Paper & Board Mill Ltd. for all the selected profitability ratio during the study period. The results of statistical test revealed that in gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio and return on assets ratio formulated null hypotheses are rejected and in net profit ratio, return on net worth ratio and return on capital employed ratio formulated null hypotheses are accepted. Originality/value: In this research work profitability analysis is carried out which is helpful to know the profitability performance of selected paper companies. The result would help investors to make right choice of investment in selected companies. It would also identify that how efficiently a business can generates profit and value for its shareholders from its sales or operations, shareholders' fund or balance sheet’s assets.

Currently, tissue product producers try to meet consumers’ requirements to retain their loyalty. In perforated products, such as toilet paper, these requirements involve the paper being portioned along the perforation line and not outside of it. Thus, it becomes necessary to enhance the behavior of the perforation line in perforated tissue papers. The current study aimed to verify if the perforation line for 0° (the solution found in commercial perforated products) is the best solution to maximize the perforation efficiency. A finite element (FE) simulation was used to validate the experimental data, where the deviations from the experiments were 5.2% for the case with a 4 mm perforation length and 8.8% for a perforation of 2 mm, and optimize the perforation efficiency using the genetic algorithm while considering two different cases. In the first case, the blank distance and the perforation line angle were varied, with the best configuration being achieved with a blank distance of 0.1 mm and an inclination angle of 0.56°. For the second case, the blank distance was fixed to 1.0 mm and the only variable to be optimized was the inclination angle of the perforation line. It was found that the best angle inclination was 0.67°. In both cases, it was verified that a slight inclination in the perforation line will favor partitioning and therefore the perforation efficiency.

In the paper by Inna Ganschow, the camp experience in the Soviet Union as a result of forced conscription will be treated, specifically in its artistic processing: secretly written diaries and letters by Luxembourg Wehrmacht soldiers. Contemporary historical research today calls them ego documents – private, handwritten texts of a personal nature. The range of texts to be examined in the lecture ranges from the smuggled out notes and letters that their released comrades took with them to Luxembourg, through diaries, speeches and self-made dictionaries to poems, short stories and drawings, some of which were in the camp and some immediately after the return from Tambov and other camps in the Soviet Union. The focus is on the question of dealing with the thesis of the Auschwitz concentration camp survivor Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist and neurologist from Vienna, that the meaning of camp life - logotherapy - can have a self-healing effect and increase the self-healing powers, which increases the chances of survival.

From the end of the nineteenth century and one hundred years onward, home sewing was an important part of many women’s duties, but it was also a pleasure, something that existed parallel with the emerging mass-produced ready-to-wear industry. The paper patterns used for home dressmaking were often sold and distributed through women’s magazines. These pattern sections were both a kind of reader service and a conscious strategy to capture the female target group. This article, based on an analysis of three Swedish magazines, is the first in-depth survey of patterns for home sewing of women’s clothes in Sweden. The study shows how the magazines adapted to changes in society with increasingly easier patterns and ready-cut fabric for their readers. By highlighting women making their clothes in the home, this article contributes to an often-neglected area of women’s memory and fashion history.

Four organic solid wastes (coffee grounds, ground nut shell, paper money sewage sludge and cork powder) have been investigated as bloating inducing agents in lightweight aggregate (LWA) manufacturing when mixed in small proportions (2.5 wt.%) with three types of clays. The pellets obtained were fired in a rotary kiln at the maximum feasible temperature for 4 min. A similar impact was observed both in the working conditions and in the properties of the LWAs, showing that the differences between said residues are not as decisive as those of the clays to which they are added. The organic wastes have played a crucial role in achieving reducing conditions inside the aggregate. Thus, their addition has led to substantial improvements both from an operational point of view, lowering the working temperature, and from a technological perspective, favoring bloating and the development of a highly porous and lightweight structure. Leachate studies have shown that the LWAs meet the regulatory limits. The outcomes of this investigation show that, in line with the precepts of the Circular Economy, the recovery of organic wastes of different nature can have a place in the production of environmentally friendly LWAs

研究ノート

本研究は日本の大学2 回生が初めて書く英語によるアカデミックペーパーにおいて、文献参照をどのように行っているかを分析したものである。分析には先行研究で提示された5種類の指標を用いた。その指標とはcitation category, integral/non-integral, reportingstructure, rhetorical functions, writer’s stance である。その結果、対象ペーパーの全体の傾向は、同じく学生のペーパーを対象とした類似研究とほぼ共通した特徴を示していることが分かった。また、ライティング経験がより高い対象を分析した先行研究とは、若干の相違点が認められた。

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), due to its inherent nanometric scale and strength properties, can be considered as a good candidate to be used in papermaking. This work explored the possibility of using it in the production of fine paper as a wet-end component and for the paper coating. Filler-containing handsheet production was performed with and without the presence of common additives typically used in the furnish of office papers. It was found that, under optimized conditions, BNC mechanically treated by high-pressure homogenization could improve all the evaluated paper properties (mechanical, optical and structural) without impairing the filler retention. However, paper strength was improved only to a small extent (increase in the tensile index of 8% for a filler content of ca. 27.5%). On the other hand, when used at the paper surface, remarkable improvements in the gamut area of >25% in comparison to the base paper and of >40% in comparison to only-starch coated papers were achieved for a formulation having 50% BNC and 50% of carboxymethylcellulose. Overall, the present results highlight the possibility of using BNC as a paper component, particularly when applied at the paper substrate as a coating agent aiming at improving printing quality., Fundacão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal is acknowledged by SFRH/BDE/108095/2015 grant and Strategic Research Centre Project (UIDB/00102/2020). This work was also carried out under the Project Inpactus - innovative products and technologies from eucalyptus, Project N.º 21874 funded by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of COMPETE 2020 nº246/AXIS II/2017, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In the research of the review of this creative and innovation area that can benefit community and nation. The review that had been picked in this research was the paper. The aim of this review is to explain about the advantages or the benefits of paper and also the used of the paper, also the improvement of the nation by the helps of the paper production and innovation. The methods that we going to describe in this review was the involvement of the paper production in many fields, such as for individuals, schools, medical centre and so on. There are a lot of information and new knowledges that we going to present and cite in this review. The conclusion of this article review was to be making sure that everyone knows the important and the properties of the paper in our country.

Vrsta študij ugotavlja, da likovne dejavnosti prispevajo k razvoju različnega znanja in spretnosti. Študij, ki bi empirično preverjale in dokazovale tovrstno napredovanje, je sicer manj, kar je tudi eden od razlogov udejanjanja naše raziskave. Pestrost likovnih dejavnosti je povezana z različnimi vrstami veščin, zato smo raziskovanje omejili na enega od najpogosteje uporabljanih materialov v predšolskem obdobju, tj. papir. Otroci se v vrtcu vsakodnevno srečujejo in rokujejo s papirjem. Z razvojem fine motorike otroci usvojijo prstne spretnosti, ki so potrebne za obdelavo papirja. To so mečkanje, pregibanje, trganje in uporaba orodij za obdelovanje papirja (škarje in šablona ali ravnilo) (Kurikulum za vrtce, 1999). Nekoliko kasneje k razvijanju drobnih gibov prispeva tudi rezanje in oblikovanje majhnih koščkov papirja. Pri tem imajo pomembno vlogo izkušnje in vaja. Slednja je najučinkovitejša, če je zasnovana v obliki igre. Papir so iz rastlinskih vlaken izdelovali že stari Kitajci, v Evropi pa ga poznamo od 9. stoletja naprej. Papir pridobivajo pretežno iz rastlinskih vlaken, katerim očistijo necelulozne sestavine. Uporaba papirja v likovnih delih je bolj vsestranska, kot si morda mislimo (Čadež-Lapajne, 1983). Vsaka likovna tehnika potrebuje primerno vrsto papirja. Seveda je pri tem pomembnih več lastnosti, od vpojnosti, gramature, pa vse do videza in teksture. Pred uporabo je pomembno, da poznamo osnovne značilnosti papirja. Pri nekaterih likovnih tehnikah pomembno vlogo igra tudi potek vlaken. To vpliva na zgibanje, trganje, rezanje in tudi zvijanje (Brodek, 2013). Akvarelni papir, recikliran papir, papir za origamije in prosojni papir so le nekatere vrste papirja, ki se med seboj precej razlikujejo. V vrtcu so sprva bolj prisotne preproste tehnike obdelovanja papirja, s katerimi razvijamo soročne spretnosti, kot so: mečkanje, trganje, gubanje in pregibanje, kasneje pa tudi rezanje, in lepljenje ter celo prebadanje, luknjanje in spenjanje. Pri rezanju, lepljenju, luknjanju in spenjanju za obdelavo potrebujemo orodja, medtem ko ostale tehnike izvajamo brez orodij. V vrtcu največkrat uporabljamo otroške škarje, škarje z vzorcem, luknjač, spenjač in različna ravnila oziroma šablone (Milčinovič, 1997). Otroške škarje se razlikujejo po velikosti, obliki držala, barvi, dolžini in obliki rezil (imajo zaobljeno rezilo), lahko so desnoročne ali levoročne, nekatere imajo pomagalo za odpiranje škarij, ki olajšajo uporabo. Otroci v vrtcu ravnila uporabljajo redkeje. Poleg klasičnega ravnila poznamo še trikotna ravnila in ravnila krivih oblik za risanje krivih črt. Če imajo ravnila na podlagi prazne prostore, namenjene risanju različnih likov in oblik, jim pravimo šablone. Pri risanju črt z ravnilom je pomembno, da držimo konico svinčnika tik ob stranici ravnila. Ta mora biti nagnjena v smeri, kamor vlečemo črto (Fošnarič, Slukan, Virtič, Puncer, 2004). S pomočjo luknjača v papirnatih gradivih izsekamo odprtino. Poznamo luknjače, s katerimi s pomočjo kladiva na trdi podlagi izsekamo luknjo, in tiste, ki so avtomatski (prav tam). Izbira spenjača je odvisna od števila listov papirja, ki jih želimo naenkrat speti. Namizni pisarniški spenjači lahko spnejo od 2 do 50 listov. Tudi ročni spenjači ali spenjalne klešče spnejo od 2 do 40 listov. Več listov pa lahko spnejo električni spenjači. Za odstranjevanje sponk iz spetega gradiva pa uporabljamo razpenjač. A number of studies have found that art activities contribute to the development of different skills. There are fewer studies that empirically test and prove this kind of progression, which is one of the reasons I decided to investigate it. The variety of art activities is linked to different types of skills, so I have limited my research to one of the most commonly used materials in the preschool period, i.e. paper. Children in kindergarten encounter and handle paper on a daily basis. As children develop fine motor skills, they acquire the finger skills necessary for working with paper: creasing, folding, tearing and the use of paper tools (scissors and a jig or ruler) (Kindergarten Curriculum, 1999). A little later, cutting and shaping small pieces of paper also contributes to the development of fine motor skills (Curriculum for Kindergarten, 1999). Experience and practice play an important role here. The latter is most effective if it is designed in the form of a game. Paper was made from plant fibres by the ancient Chinese and has been known in Europe since the 9th century. Paper is mainly made from plant fibres, which are stripped of their non-cellulosic components. The use of paper in fine art is more versatile than we might think (Čadež-Lapanje, 1983). Each artistic technique needs a suitable type of paper. Of course, several properties are important, from absorbency, grammage, to appearance and texture. Before using it, it is important to know the basic characteristics of the paper. In some fine art techniques, the fibre course also plays an important role. This influences folding, tearing, cutting and even curling (Brodek, 2013). Watercolour paper, recycled paper, origami paper and transparency paper are just some of the types of paper that differ considerably from each other. In kindergarten, simple papermaking techniques are more prevalent at first, which helps us develop related skills such as creasing, tearing, folding and creasing. Later, we develop cutting, gluing and even punching, hole-punching and stapling.Cutting, gluing, punching and stapling require tools, while the other techniques are carried out without tools. In kindergarten, children's scissors, pattern scissors, hole punch, stapler and various rulers or stencils are most commonly used (Milčinovič, 1997). Children's scissors vary in size, shape of handle, colour, length and shape of blades (they have a rounded blade). They can be right-handed or left-handed, and some have a scissor opening aid to make them easier to use. Rulers are less frequently used by children in kindergarten. Beside classic ruler, we also know triangular rulers and curved rulers for drawing curved lines. If rulers have blank spaces on the base for drawing different shapes and figures, they are called stencils. When drawing lines with a ruler, it is important to hold the tip of the pencil right against the side of the ruler. This should be inclined in the direction where the line is drawn (Fošnarič, Slukan, Virtič, Puncer 2004). Using a hole punch helps us to cut an opening in paper materials. There are punches that use a hammer to punch a hole in a hard substrate and those that are automatic (ibid.). The choice of stapler depends on the number of sheets of paper to be stapled at one time. Desktop office staplers can staple from 2 to 50 sheets. Manual staplers or staplers can also staple from 2 to 40 sheets. Electric staplers can staple more sheets. Paper clip remover are used to remove staples from stapled material.

Developing a convenient detection method for dopamine holds a significant incentive due to its high clinical significance. Herein, we synthesize crystalline MnOOH nanowires (MNWs) via a simple solvothermal treatment of KMnO4 and demonstrate that they possess excellent oxidase-like activity owing to the presence of pure Mn3+ sites on the MNWs. Particularly, MNWs catalyze the rapid oxidation of dopamine into aminochromes, which show a vivid brown color. The dopamine oxidase-like activity of MNWs follows the typical Michaelis–Mentenkinetics with excellent storage stability. Based on the affirmative catalytic features, a paper dipstick incorporating MNWs in the detection zone is constructed for the one-step colorimetric detection of target dopamine. By immersing the dipstick into the sample solution for 30 min, the sample spontaneously moves to the detection zone due to capillary force, yielding a brown color proportional to the amount of dopamine, which is quantified from an image acquired using a smartphone. With the MNW-containing solution-based assay and MNW-incorporated paper dipstick, dopamine is successfully determined with high selectivity, sensitivity, and detection precision when using spiked human serum and pharmaceutical dopamine injection samples, respectively. Successful analytical values such as the dynamic linear ranges of 3–60 μM and 0.05–7 mM are achieved with the solution-based assay and paper dipstick, respectively, along with excellent detection accuracy (95–99%) and precision (1.0–3.1%). Hence, we developed a simple and efficient nanozyme-based paper dipstick biosensor for dopamine that can be used in point-of-care testing environments.

The reliability and performance of technological equipment largely depends on timely and reliable diagnostics of less durable assembly units, which include rolling bearings. An effective tool for determining state of the mechanical rotational systems on rolling bearings is vibration diagnostics. The variety vibration diagnostic method which are used on practise is due to the complexity extracting an informative component for estimation and predicting the state of rolling bearings from the general vibration signal of the study unit. The article is dedicated information content study of narrow frequency ranges of the vibration signal operation bearing assemblies paper machines and their use as diagnostic parameters for vibration diagnostics of rolling bearings. The paper presents the analysis results of vibration diagnostics existing methods of bearing assemblies of the technological equipment and establishes the determination defects in rolling bearings by changing the vibration level on the characteristic frequencies components of the vibration spectrum and the bypass spectrum provides more specific information about the nature damage of the bearing and its operation. On the processing experimental data base i.e. the average vibration velocity spectra signal taken from the bearing assembly paper machine, we offer a relative indicator for current state bearing estimation and its state prediction progress, which helps to make a decision on the suitability or unsuitability bearing, Надійність та продуктивність роботи технологічного обладнання значною мірою залежить від вчасної і надійної діагностики найменш довговічних складальних одиниць, до яких належать підшипники кочення. Ефективним інструментом визначення стану механічних обертових систем на підшипниках кочення є вібраційна діагностика. Різноманітність методів вібродіагностики, що застосовуються на практиці, обумовлена складністю виділення інформативної складової для оцінки і прогнозування стану підшипників кочення із загального вібраційного сигналу досліджуваного вузла. Стаття присвячена дослідженню інформативності вузьких діапазонів частот вібраційного сигналу роботи підшипникових вузлів папероробних машин та їх застосуванню як діагностичних параметрів для вібродіагностики підшипників кочення. У роботі наведено результати аналізу існуючих методів вібродіагностики підшипникових вузлів технологічного обладнання та встановлено, що визначення дефектів підшипників кочення за зміною рівня вібрацій на характерних частотах складових спектра вібрації та спектра обвідної надає більш конкретну інформацію щодо характеру пошкодження підшипника та його експлуатації. На підставі обробки експериментальних даних ‒ усереднених спектрів віброшвидкості сигналу, знятого з підшипникового вузла папероробної машини, – запропоновано відносний показник оцінки поточного стану підшипника та прогнозу розвитку його стану, з визначенням якого є можливість винесення рішення про придатність чи непридатність підшипника.

Today, legal regulations, along with social awareness, have made waste management a necessity. Depending on the type of waste, technological developments have enabled an increase in the number of approaches, e.g., reusing, recycling, and manufacturing of different products. In this study, low-density boards were produced using different proportions of office waste paper, wood chips, and chopped E-glass fiber. Waste paper and glass fiber formed the middle layer of the boards and wood chips comprised the surface layers. The density, water absorption, and thickness swelling properties of the boards were investigated. Among the mechanical properties, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength were determined. The use of wastepaper led to a reduction in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the boards. An increase in the glass fiber ratio contributed positively to the water absorption and thickness swelling properties, whereas it directly led to decreases in the internal bond strength, and the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity values. Nonetheless, the low-density boards were able to meet the minimum modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity specified in ANSI 208.1 standards, while only one variation met the IB requirements., U današnje je vrijeme zakonska regulativa, uz društvenu svijest, gospodarenje otpadom učinila nužnošću. Ovisno o vrsti otpada, tehnološki je razvoj omogućio povećanje broja pristupa gospodarenju otpadom, npr. pri ponovnoj uporabi, recikliranju i proizvodnji različitih proizvoda. Za ovo su istraživanje izrađene ploče niske gustoće s različitim udjelima otpadnoga uredskog papira, drvnog iverja i usitnjenih staklenih vlakana. Pritom su otpadni papir i usitnjena staklena vlakna iskorišteni za izradu središnjeg sloja, a drvno je iverje upotrijebljeno za vanjske slojeve ploča. Izrađene su ploče ispitane i utvrđena je njihova gustoća, moć upijanja vode i debljinsko bubrenje. Dodatno su određeni modul loma, modul elastičnosti i čvrstoća raslojavanja. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazali su da je uporaba otpadnog papira pridonijela smanjenju vrijednosti modula loma i modula elastičnosti. Istodobno je povećanje udjela usitnjenih staklenih vlakana imalo pozitivan učinak na vrijednosti upijanja vode i na debljinsko bubrenje, ali je izravno utjecalo i na smanjenje čvrstoće raslojavanja, modula loma i modula elastičnosti. Ipak, izrađene ploče niske gustoće zadovoljile su minimalne zahtjeve norme ANSI 208.1 glede modula loma i modula elastičnosti, a samo je jedna skupina eksperimentalno izrađenih ploča zadovoljila uvjete čvrstoće raslojavanja.

Businesses, which provide the production and mediation of goods and services needed by the society, are organizations that have goals such as growth, development, making profit, establishing a sustainable structure, and realizing social responsibility projects. It is important for businesses to have a financially strong structure in order to achieve their goals. In order to establish a sustainable financial structure, analyzes are carried out with various methods using the historical data of the enterprises and future decisions are taken with these analysis outputs. One of the financial sustainability measures for businesses is performance measurement. In many academic studies in the literature, it is observed that Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are used for financial performance measurement. With MCDM methods, companies are compared financially within themselves, by years and with the sector. This study was carried out to measure the financial performance of businesses operating in the BIST Paper and Paper Products Printing Sector. As a sample, the data of 9 companies operating in the BIST Paper and Paper Products Printing Sector were used. The financial ratios of the enterprises for the years 2016-2021 were obtained and the analysis was carried out with COPRAS and MOORA, which are MCDM methods. Using two analysis methods provides the opportunity to evaluate financial performance rankings from different perspectives. As a result of the study, the financial performance rankings of 9 companies in the sector were evaluated according to both methods.

Paper is one of the most common wastes produced by humans, this paper waste is often found in household activities as well as offices and schools. Processing recycling of paper can add many advantages including being able to reduce waste in the environment, save energy, reduce the impact of global warming and can also generate income. This recycled paper can also be used to make various handicraft products that can be made by people who have creative values and an artistic spirit. The works of this recycled paper can be used as home decoration knick-knacks, stationery and office equipment, You can also make unique and creative multi-purpose containers that housewives can be interested in. Apart from that, they can be used for materials for student craft assignments as well as school students. Paper waste management certainly requires more attention, this can be overcome by efforts to reduce it by converting paper waste into recycled paper which has a selling value and is useful.

The object of research in this scientific paper is the treatment of waste generated by paper production in industrial landfills. In the part of the paper production process, i.e. in its subsystem for wastewater treatment, a significant amount of solid waste is generated, which ends up in industrial landfills. The reason for the impossibility of returning to the production process lies in the fact that the sludge contains larger amounts of moisture and present chemical components that are isolated in the paper production process or during wastewater treatment. In the experimental part of the paper, a “trial plot” was selected on which seedlings of the paulownia elongate plant were planted in the waste sludge. The process of plant growth was monitored for two years and bioremediation, i.e. transfer of elements from sediments to plants, was analysed by modern instrumental methods. Based on the results obtained by research, it can be said with certainty that Paulownia elongate can be used in bioremediation of areas where these sediments are deposited.

In an article to study the effect of sizing agent and filler on the structural features of paper from the cellulose mass of the inner layer of the bark of mulberry tree branches, mechanical strength, absorbency and sorption properties were studied. Tensile strength was determined on a tensile testing machine by the force causing the destruction of the sample. Surface absorbency at one side wetting was determined by the method of Cobb(30), by determining the mass of water absorbed by the surface of the paper when wetting one side of the test sample. Sorption properties were studied on a high-vacuum setup with mercury gates and McBain quartz balances according to water vapor sorption data. It was found that the internal 2% sizing of the paper pulp with cherry tree resin glue contributes to the strengthening of the paper structure, which is confirmed by the values of mechanical strength and surface absorbency when unilaterally wetted with water, relative to the values obtained when sizing with pine oleoresin rosin glue. When using glue from cherry resin, it is advisable to add 2 g of kaolin to 100 g of pulp from the inner layer of the bark of mulberry tree branches, since the increase negatively affects mechanical strength and hydrophobicity., В статье для исследования влияния проклеивающего вещества и наполнителя на структурные особенности бумаги из целлюлозной массы внутреннего слоя коры веток тутового дерева изучены механическая прочность, впитывающая способность и сорбционные свойства. Прочность на разрыв при растяжении определяли на разрывной машине по усилию, вызывающему разрушение образца. Поверхностную впитываемость при одностороннем смачивании определяли по методу Кобб(30), путем определения массы воды, поглощенной поверхностью бумаги при смачивании одной стороны испытуемого образца. Сорбционные свойства исследовали на высоковакуумной установке с ртутными затворами и кварцевыми весами Мак-Бена по данным сорбции паров воды. Выявлено, что внутренняя 2%-ная проклейка бумажной массы клеем из живицы черешневого дерева способствует упрочнению структуры бумаги, что подтверждается значениями механической прочности и поверхностной впитываемостью при одностороннем смачивании водой, относительно значений, полученных при проклейке канифольным клеем из сосновой живицы. При использовании клея из живицы черешневого дерева целесообразно к 100 г целлюлозной массы из внутреннего слоя коры веток тутового дерева добавлять каолин в количестве 2 г, так как увеличение отрицательно влияет на механическую прочность и гидрофобность.

Lead (Pb) pollution from local mines and industrial use increases risks for human, animal, and plant health. Pectin is an effective chelator of Pb, and it has been shown that a unicellular green alga, Penium margaritaceum, synthesizes pectin in the cell wall. In this study, the ability of P. margaritaceum to remove Pb from an aqueous solution was investigated. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that two strains of P. margaritaceum accumulated Pb on the cell surface. Hence, P. margaritaceum cells were immobilized on cellulose filter paper. The immobilized algal cells were soaked in 1.0 mg/L Pb solution with gentle shaking for 8 h, and Pb in the solution and on the filter paper was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The immobilized algal cells continuously decreased the Pb concentration to less than 0.5 mg/L and recovered 31.8–32.7% of added Pb. The specific decrease in Pb and increase in Ca were observed in the presence of 1.0 mg/L each of Ca, Mg, Na, and K. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that the carboxylic acid group would be responsible for the adsorption of Pb. This study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of the immobilized P. margaritaceum cell in removing Pb from aqueous solutions with simple solid–liquid separation.

Paper, which is in fact a very complex cellulose-based product derived from different lignocellulosic resources, is usually regarded as a simple omnipresent commodity in our lives. Wood fibers derived from trees are the most employed sources for papermaking purposes. From an environmental protection perspective, and for their essential role in our life (they give us the life itself through their foliar system supporting the photosynthesis process), trees should not be extensively cut down and they should be used less and less for papermaking. Thus, employment of non-woody alternative sources for papermaking could be exploited more as an attractive and feasible option.

Programa de doctorat: Doctorat en Enginyeria Tèxtil i Paperera The different researching lines in the field of Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage on Paper tend to evolve and join other scientific fields in order to comprehend and embrace all the problematics caused by the aging of paper and its nature. Almost every decision made to stabilize the biochemical deterioration of cellulose is strongly conditioned by factors related to the papermaking process of that specific paper. These factors may include the fiber’s origin, the beating, the cooking and bleaching treatments, the technology used in the papermaking, the additives included in the fiber’s solution and posterior surface treatments such as the sizing or the coating among others. The field of Paper Engineering is focused on the development of papermaking technologies through new products and treatments. Those, in addition to the many testing methods used in this field –measurement of paper physical and optical properties, such as tensile strength or brightness ISO-, may be extrapolated to the field of Paper Conservation, adding new criteria and information about how any treatment affects the treated heritage, opening a window for new products and treatments, more bio-compatible with the cellulose nature, allowing to reduce the using of strong chemics and other procedures that are harmful for the environment.

Background Huntington’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative hereditary disease with symptoms in all domains of a person’s functioning. It begins after a healthy start in life and leads through the relentless progression over many years to complete care dependency and finally death. To date, the disease is incurable. The long progressive complex nature of the disease demands multiple disciplines for treatment and care of patient and family. These health care providers need inter- and multidisciplinary collaboration to persevere and be efficacious in this devastating disease trajectory. Discussion The position paper outlines current knowledge and experience alongside the experience and consensus of a recognised group of HD multidisciplinary experts. Additionally the patient’s voice is clear and calls for health care providers with a holistic view on patient and family. Building long-term trust is a cornerstone of the network around the patient. This paper describes a managed care network comprising all the needed professionals and services. In the health care system, the role of a central coordinator or case manager is of key importance but lacks an appropriate guideline. Other disciplines currently without guidelines are general practitioners, nurses, psychologists, and social workers. Guidelines for neurologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, physiotherapists, dieticians, and dentists are being discussed. Apart from all these profession-specific guidelines, distinctive inter- and multidisciplinary collaboration requirements must be met. Conclusions and recommendations The complex nature of Huntington's disease demands multidisciplinary treatment and care endorsed by international regulations and the lay association. Available guidelines as reviewed in this paper should be used, made available by a central body, and updated every 3–5 years. Time needs to be invested in developing missing guidelines but the lack of this ‘proof’ should not prevent the ‘doing’ of good care.

The current data on climate change and environmental degradation are dramatic. The consequences of these changes are already having a significant impact on people's health. Physicians - as advocates of the patients, but also as citizens - have an ethical obligation to be involved in efforts to stop these changes. The European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) strongly encourages the Internal Medicine societies and internists across Europe to play an active role in matters related to climate change and environmental degradation. At a national level, this includes advocating the adoption of measures that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation and contributing to policy decisions related to these issues. At a hospital level and in clinical practice, supporting actions by the health sector to reduce its ecological footprint is vital. At the level of EFIM and its associated internal societies, promoting educational activities and developing a toolkit to prepare internists to better care for citizens who suffer from the consequences of climate change. In addition to advocating and implementing effective actions to reduce the ecological footprint of the health industry, recommending the introduction of these themes in scientific programs of Internal Medicine meetings and congresses and the pre- and postgraduate medical training. At a personal level, internists must be active agents in advocating sustainable practices for the environment, increasing the awareness of the community about the health risks of climate change and environmental degradation, and being role models in the adoption of environmentally friendly behaviour.

The main thing of Artificial intelligence (AI) is the consummation of natural dialogue between humans and machines. There are numerous IT companies have used the dialogue systems technology to establish various kinds of Virtual assistants grounded on their operations and areas for adding commerce between mortal and machine, similar as Microsoft’s Cortana, Apple’s Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant. Like Microsoft Cortana we've created our own virtual desktop assistant only for Government College Of Engineering Chandrapur (GCOEC) using python which is suitable to run on any windows operating systems. We use python as a programming language because it has a multitude of libraries which can be used to create Artificial Intelligence. Our version of desktop assistant is capable of recognizing voice and voice commands. Desktop Assistant are programs on digital device like PC that hear and respond to verbal commands. Example, a user can say, “Open GCOEC Website” and the assistant will answer with the sanctioned website of GCOEC. Desktop Assistants can change the way of life of the people in a different manner. Bias is starting to build up in the community as AI’s are getting smarter in their own way to interact with humans in an easy language. The Desktop Assistant is a program that can fete mortal voices and can respond via integrated voice system. This paper will define the working of Desktop assistant, their main problems and limitations. In this paper it's described that the system of creating a Desktop assistant without using pall services, which will allow the expansion of similar bias in the future

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, and its impact on the job market is significant. While AI has the potential to automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks, it also presents new job opportunities that require expertise in data analysis, software engineering, and machine learning. The paper provides an overview of the current state of the job market and the challenges it faces, and explains how AI is transforming the job market, including its impact on job creation and destruction, skill requirements, and wage distribution. The paper analyzes the job market trends from 2019 to 2023 based on the latest research and reports, and discusses the implications of AI for the workforce and policymakers. The paper concludes with some recommendations for future research and policy interventions. It discusses the benefits of AI, such as increased productivity, efficiency, and accuracy, and highlights the challenges that AI poses, including the displacement of certain jobs and the need for retraining workers. The review paper also discusses how AI is impacting workplace safety and health, including both the potential benefits and the new hazards that AI presents. Finally, the review paper explores the policies and regulations needed to ensure that AI is used ethically and responsibly in the job market. Overall, this review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of AI on the job market and its implications for workers, businesses, and society

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) plays a crucial role in shaping our digital experiences, with professionals at the forefront of designing and developing interactive systems. This review paper examines the professional issues within HCI, aiming to identify key challenges, trends, and advancements in the field. Through an extensive analysis of existing literature, this paper explores various dimensions of professional issues in HCI, including ethical considerations, user-centered design practices, socio-cultural implications, legal aspects, and the impact of emerging technologies on HCI professionals. By synthesizing research findings and critical insights, this review highlights the importance of addressing these issues for the advancement of HCI. Furthermore, it presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, identifies gaps and limitations, and proposes future directions for research and practice in order to foster a more ethical, inclusive, and effective human-computer interaction domain. This review contributes to the understanding of professional challenges faced by HCI practitioners and provides a foundation for informed discussions and developments in this dynamic field.

Paper and garden waste is one of the types of waste that can be found in big cities in Indonesia, one of which is Depok City. Garbage collectors can recycle not all paper waste into new products. In addition, garden waste is also garbage, one of the wastes found produced every day from gardening activities. This study aimed to analyze the potential for reducing the use of paper and garden waste to be used as RDF in Depok City. This study analyzes the quality of RDF based on the parameters of water content, ash content, density, and calorific value resulting from the material substitution. The results were analyzed using the multicollinearity method and the Kepner-Tregoe Decision Analysis (KTDA). The results of the multicollinearity test show that the ash content and water content can reduce the calorific value of RDF mixed with paper and garden waste. The addition of garden waste composition can increase the calorific value. Based on the results of decision analysis using KTDA, it shows that the variation of the mixture of 75% paper waste and 25% wood waste has the largest points compared to other variations. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) utilization of this waste can reduce the generation of paper waste and garden waste by 3.5% and 12.3%, respectively.

The migration of photoinitiators (PIs): benzophenone (BP), ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDAB), and 4-chlorobenzophenone (CBP), from polyethylene (PE)-coated paper to 4% (v/v) acetic acid and 10% (v/v) salt-simulated food solution was quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The migration behavior of the three PIs was studied under three specific working conditions: conventional heating, microwave power, and random vibration level. The migration rate of the three PIs in acidic food simulants was ranked from BP > EDAB > CBP under the specific working conditions. The mobility of the three PIs increased with increasing temperature, microwave power, and random vibration acceleration in 4% (v/v) acetic acid by 10, 10, and 15%, respectively. The experimental migration data of three PIs in PE-coated paper under different temperatures and microwave powers were used to establish the Crank monolayer migration model according to Fick’s second law. The diffusion coefficient D increased with an increase in experimental conditions. According to the migration data under the condition of random vibration level, a mathematical model conforming to the Fick model was established, fitting the migration process. These results showed that conventional heating, microwave heating, and vibration could affect the food safety of PE-coated paper.

The use of templates and examples of papers separately is proven to be able to develop students' writing skills. The average degree of mastery that can be achieved is already in the good category. Using various learning facilities can be a solution to improve these achievements into a very good category. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing templates and sample papers in developing students' writing skills in science courses. The pre-experimental research was conducted on elementary school teacher education study program students. Data on each student's scientific research paper writing skills were collected using the documentation method. This data was then analyzed descriptively. The descriptive analysis includes average and proportion measurements. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the average student's skills in writing papers were in a good category. Most students have very good (41.44%) and good (40.54%) categories of writing skills. 13 indicators have reached the very good category, one indicator is in a good category, and two indicators are in the sufficient category. The rests are one indicator still in the less category and four indicators in the less category. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research results is using examples and paper templates as effective learning facilities to improve students' writing skills.

The limited supply of wood as a raw material in various industries requires a better alternative material. Wasted-based composite engineering can be a solution to this problem. What's more, composite can be engineered according to needs, such as having the ability to reduce heat to maintain comfortable room temperature conditions. Therefore, in this research, a particle board reinforced by pineapple leaf fiber waste and HVS paper waste was developed to know the effect of the particle board reinforcement composition on reducing heat. In this research, a comparison of pineapple leaf fiber waste and HVS paper waste was used at 100%:0%; 70%:30%; 50%:50%; 30%:70%; and 0%:100% with resin adhesive. This particle board is made by mixing all the ingredients and then printing it into a mold and then carrying out the drying process. The test was carried out based on a temperature difference analysis. The most optimum particle board reinforcement composition to reduce heat is 100% pineapple leaf fiber waste : 0% HVS paper waste.

We develop a vision system for batch inspection by oven white paper model color by manufacturing a machine vision system for the oven manufacturing automation process. In the vision system, white paper object detection (spring), color clustering, and histogram extraction are performed. In addition, for the automated process of home appliances, we intend to develop an automatic mold combination detection algorithm that inspects the label position and direction (angle/coordinate) using deep learning.

This study addresses the barriers that hinder paper recycling and explores potential solutions to overcome these challenges. The barriers discussed include a lack of recycling infrastructure, inadequate education and outreach, cultural attitudes towards waste, and a lack of economic incentives. To address these barriers, governments and organizations can implement solutions such as expanding recycling infrastructure, improving education and outreach, addressing cultural attitudes through targeted messaging, and providing economic incentives. Successful implementations of these solutions in other locations or industries are also highlighted. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing these barriers to increase paper recycling rates and reduce the environmental and economic costs of low recycling rates.

Ning Gao,1,* Meng Li,2,* Weiming Wang,1 Lei Wang,3 Zhen Liu,4 Yufeng Guo1 1Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhen Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email doctorliuzhen@126.com Yufeng Guo, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang’ an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange St., Xicheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email gamgyf@139.comBackground: In recent years, the incidence of herpes zoster has risen steeply, the exact pathogenesis of the acute pain and the transformation into postherpetic neuralgia are still obscure, and the absence of effective management remains a major therapeutic challenge. The purpose of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited papers on herpes zoster.Materials and methods: Related literature were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Excel and VOSviewer software were applied to quantitatively analyze, and construct the bibliometric network charts.Results: The Top 100 most-cited papers published between 2000 and 2018 showed a fluctuating downward trend. The most studies were published in the year of 2000 (n = 12). The article entitled “A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults” from Oxman MN, was the most-cited publication. The United States was the most contributing country, followed by the United Kingdom, and Italy. Finland occupied the highest citations per publication (CPP). The University of Colorado topped the list of institutions with the most publications with 18 articles and also had the most citations (average citations: 281.78 per article). Myron J Levin from the University of Colorado School of Medicine is the most published and most cited researcher overall, whereas Duke University’s John W Gnann tops the list in terms of average CPP.Conclusion: In terms of the quantity of T100 articles, researchers, and organizations, the US is the predominant country. The most T100 papers were published in the special journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. The most academic focus remain the remedies for postherpetic neuralgia and vaccine development for individualized groups.Keywords: herpes zoster, bibliometric study, top-cited, citation, VOSviewer

In any big institution,especially educational institutions like schoolsor colleges, generation of large quantity ofwaste papers is quite apparent. And effective use of recycled paper is also possible (craft papers, registers etc). So, instead of disposing off the waste papers into trash, recycling themmakes sense. This not only helps the institute in cost saving but will also ensure its contribution towards the protection of the environment. Designing automatically operated small-scaled paper recycling plant, which can be used in schools and colleges, ensures that a cheap and non-complex methodof production of paper product is guaranteed.Accordingly design of the machine unit has been prepared with all necessary component specifications.

The journal of appropriate technology has been published since the 2015. The major research topics for the journal of appropriate technology have been environment, mechanics, materials, chemical engineering, managing, chemistry, and medicine, etc. In this study, all the published papers of the journal of appropriate technology were analyzed based on the number of published papers and authors. The author’s affiliation was analyzed as university, research institute, and industry, etc. annually. The number of published papers according to the author also analyzed. Based on the bibliometric analysis, it is worth to mention that the trends of publications of the journal of appropriate technology could be identified.

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has the potential to replace traditional plastics and limit environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. This study combined wastewater treatment with PHB production to reduce costs. Bacteria capable of synthesizing PHB were isolated from paper mill wastewater and identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Bacillus pumilus NMG5 strain was found to have a good yield in modified Nutrient Broth culture, reaching 42.28% of dry biomass. The PHB product was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bacterial strain was also tested for its ability to treat paper mill wastewater, and it showed impressive results in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with efficiencies of 95.93%, 79.36%, and 83.55%, respectively. The study found that wastewater treatment combined with PHB production was a promising solution to reduce costs and limit environmental pollution. The bacterial strain B. pumilus NMG5 had a high yield of PHB, and the PHB product was of high quality, as confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the bacterial strain showed impressive results in treating paper mill wastewater with high COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus efficiencies. These results suggest that this harmless bacterium could be used in paper mill wastewater treatment systems to produce PHB, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.

Fetching recently published research papers is a time consuming and tedious process for young researchers and even for experts. In real time searching papers based on keywords and queries in search engines may not result apt or proper research papers that the user searched for. Because these research papers lack proper links and citations that help to find the most concerned papers. To overcome this problem a hybrid model is proposed with time constraint that combines the Text mining and Recommendation algorithm. The preference of papers and articles are jointly modeled with matrices sharing common dimensions of researchers and papers. The initial process starts with text mining algorithm that matches keywords with the data available in web pages. The post process consists of recommendation algorithms with latent matrix factorization and tensor matrix with similar preferences in a dimensional space. This paper explains the hybrid experimental model that helps users to fetch the most recent and relevant paper in a short period of time

Lecturers are required to produce scientific papers for improving their careers. However, there are many lecturers who do not understand how to write scientific papers and to publish it. This community service aims to improve the competence of lecturers in writing scientific papers so that they can make good scientific papers and can publish it. The program is carried out in two stages: 1) preparation stage, and 2) implementation through training on writing scientific paper. The results showed that the participants were able to understand 1) the basics of scientific writing, 2) the parts of scientific articles, 3) the scientific publication policies, 4) the criteria and requirements for publishing scientific papers in accredited journals, 5) the paraphrase techniques, 6) the citation using Mendeley, and 7) the technique of compiling according to the standard template of accredited journals.

Exams are getting digitized all over the world. Basically, meaning that the traditional paper-based tests are being replaced by the certain computer-based tests which have proven to be both more consistent in allocating marks and faster than teacher correcting papers. The traditional exams usually consisted of subjective answers which were not the best way of grading the student’s perception of the subject. Hence, we are developing a computer-based system that will generate MCQ based question that will be better suited to grade students academically. So, Incremental Question Paper Generator (IQPG) is an attempt at developing a software which can implement adaptive evaluation along with generation of questions on its own. The software aims to generate an increasingly difficult or easy in simpler words, it aims to generate a question paper which dynamically changes the difficulty of its questions. Along the same the software generates these questions by learning from a pre-made dataset of questions.

This study investigates the emotional experiences of undergraduate students when taking computer-based compared to traditional paper-based exams. The authors surveyed 144 students and conducted in-depth written interviews with 44 of them to gain a comprehensive understanding of their emotions and experiences. The findings revealed that students generally feel more positive emotions, such as enjoyment, hope, and pride during computer-based exams. Conversely, they experienced less anger, anxiety, and hopelessness compared to paper-based exams. However, they observed no significant differences in feelings of relief and shame between the two exam modes. The interview responses provided valuable insights into the reasons behind these emotions. Students found computer-based testing to be more efficient, user-friendly for language editing, and appreciated the auto-grading features. However, technical concerns were identified as a major challenge in this format. On the other hand, paper-based exams allowed students to avoid technical problems, draft their answers, and express ideas more effectively. Despite these advantages, students reported disliking the lengthiness of the written responses, the difficulty of editing, and the pressure of maintaining legible handwriting. Overall, this study sheds light on the emotional experiences of students in different exam formats, helping educators make informed decisions to optimize testing environments.

A surface profilometry technique was used to characterize the surfaces of paper products. A stylus-contact type profilometer capable of simultaneously generating both surface roughness- and friction-profiles was used. As a stylus for the profilometer, a conical shape whose tip was rounded to have a 0.5 mm curvature radius was designed and successfully employed in both printing & writing (P&W) papers and hygiene papers such as bathroom tissues and kitchen towel. From the profiles, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) from the averages, i.e., R-MAD from the roughness average and F-MAD from the average coefficient of friction, were suggested as the new surface characterization parameters. To elucidate the surface roughness profiles by fractal dimension analysis, the variogram method was applied to get the fractal dimensions of the paper products. Generally, the value of the fractal dimension increased as the surface roughness increased. The surface profilometry technique with the fractal dimension analysis with the variogram method looks promising to gain additional insight on the surface characteristics of paper products.

In the research, the electrooxidation method of the electrochemical treatment methods in thebatch system was explored a variety of experimental conditions for the treatment of wastewater from thepaper sector. 4 anodes and 4 cathodes sieve type plates with dimensions of 7 cm x 10 cm were positionedat 0,5 cm intervals in the 2000 mL volume jacketed glass reactor used for the treatment of wastewater fromthe paper industry, and 1200 mL wastewater was used in the testing. 4 coated Ti/IrO2/RuO2 electrodes ofthe sieve type were used as the anode material and 4 uncoated Ti electrodes of the sieve type were utilizedas the cathode material in the electrooxidation of effluent from the paper industry. In the experiments, theremoval rate of the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) pollutant parameter; The effects of supportingelectrolyte types and concentrations such as KCl, NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4, and parameters such as initialpH value and current density of wastewater without supporting electrolyte were investigated. According tothe results obtained; In the experiments conducted at the natural pH value of wastewater, 18.55 mA/cm2was the most effective current density, 0.50 M NaCl was the most effective supporting electrolyte type andconcentration. The COD removal rate at the best conditions (37.11 mA/cm2current density) was 90.62%.In optimum conditions; 73.20% COD removal efficiency has been achieved.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is becoming common in various industries, including education. Technology enhances teaching and learning. It aids instructors to do their part as pedagogical environment designers. ICT enables teachers to make their lessons engaging and understandable for students at all levels of educational programs. ICT integration in education is a technologically oriented teaching and learning process that is closely related to the usage of ICT as educational instruments in classrooms. Baze University fully utilizes ICT for both teaching and learning. In addition, the students of the Department of computer science at Baze University are been thoroughly exposed to the theoretical and practical applications of programming languages and constructs. Although anecdotal evidence and some published data suggest that paper-based exams are still frequently utilized in introductory computer programming and design courses, students frequently express a preference for computer-based exams. At Baze University, students are been examined using the pen-and-paper examination method throughout their study. The research approach was centered on a quantitative research methodology, utilizing focus group sessions for data collection to acquire data from 200 – 300 level students. The purpose of the research is to determine the satisfactory level of students that are been assessed using pen-and-paper exam methods for programming, database, and system design courses at Baze University. The findings of the research show that Baze University students would generally prefer a computer-based exam approach for programming, and database management courses.

It is crucial to advance network education exam informatization and mobile learning. One of them is the creation of a database system for exams, which contains crucial information. This study aims to analyze and solves key technologies including constraint check paper forming algorithms. This study using fuzzy query methods and spatial queries design a single exam table structure and exam papers for the exam database. The process of this study including collect and sort the complete set of GIS exams at major universities across the country, design a variety of GIS single questions, and build an exam database system. The result of this research is a personalized random paper formation system and query and spatial analysis by college and area for exam papers for the first time. It describes rich functions and stable performance by testing. The built system becomes an indispensable technical support instead of paper-based exams for information exams and scientific exams of many colleges and universities.

The key technology with fast development speed, virtual computer reality belongs to a kind of data-based fluid mechanics from the aspect of the working medium. From the perspective of fluid mechanics, this paper develops an application system of fluid mechanics based on virtual computer reality in pulp and paper engineering. The structure and characteristics of pulp and paper clarify the development direction of computational fluid mechanics in pulp and paper. Based on the application of the developed system in pulp and paper making, this paper analyzes and optimizes its structure to provide a scientific reference for the development and application of computer virtual reality fluid mechanics in pulp and paper making.

In an earlier publication (Van Wee & Banister, 2016), we explained that literature review papers (LRP) should explicitly report on the search and selection process of documents included. In this paper, we present two approaches for reporting the methodology for doing this: a basic approach and a reasoned approach. The basic approach includes reporting databases(s), keywords, search strings, snowballing, the selection of documents, presenting an overview of documents included and reporting additional selection criteria (if applicable). The reasoned approach adds to the basic approach (what was done) by explicitly explaining the motivation for choices and showing the selection process graphically (why it was done). The two approaches should be seen as options, and not the only alternatives. We recommend that authors of LRPs depart from these approaches and modify them where appropriate. The important lesson is that authors should be explicit about the approach adopted, as this enables the reader to understand the thinking behind the LRP and the conclusions drawn.