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In the era of globalization today, Green technology acceptance has become a crucial sector not just for the environment, but also for humans and towards the economy. In this paper, the researcher will do the overview of Green Technology Acceptance as overall, means in many areas such as green transportation, green chemistry, green buildings, green procurements and few more. So, for this purpose the researcher choose to use the Scopus database to review on the past published studies on green technology fields. For this purpose, the Qualitative review has been done by the systematic review through the PRISMA Framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis). There are around 46 papers that had been selected in finals for this systematic literature review analysis. After follow the PRISMA Model to filter out the paper that suitable for this study, researcher is using the Microsoft Excels to do the descriptive analysis on year base publication, journal base, most cited by, theory utilised and subject areas. Besides that, researcher also focus on the methodology classification that had been use in the past studies. There are three main classifications which is Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods. There are around 26 paper used quantitative analysis method, 17 papers utilised qualitative method and 3 papers using mixed method. Mostly all this past study not including the latest branches of Green Technology such as green economies, green building and many more. As overall, researcher successfully using the PRISMA model to identified the suitable paper that being used in this papers.

Self-Sufficiency is an undermined subject that has not been given attention since the early days of Socialism and the beginning of Marxism. With the capital-based economy and the rise of globalisation, most countries reached their lowest self-sufficiency level ever with the majority having only 20% capacity to depend on their products. This paper explores why SF is important now during the pandemic and in the New Norma and how these current conditions brought more opportunities for the subject to make people and decision-makers release more from the pros and cons of globalisation. The paper explores how countries and communities could benefit from SF to re-build more independent communities through optimising concepts as the eco-villages and animal farming that would also encourage the making of sustainable cities. The challenges and the solutions of future food security SF projects establishment are presented as part of the contribution of this paper. Further studies in the area SF during lockdown are recommended to extract the best methodologies of maintaining livelihood while we are fighting for life.

The present study analyzes the offshoring network constructed from the information contained in the Panama Papers, characterizing worldwide regions and countries as well as their intra- and inter-relationships. The Panama Papers 2016 divulgence is the largest leak of offshoring and tax avoidance documentation. The document leak, with a volume content of approximately 2.6 terabytes, involves more than two hundred thousand enterprises in more than two hundred countries. From this information, the offshore connections of individuals and companies are constructed and aggregated using their countries of origin. The top offshore financial regions and countries of the network are identified, and their intra- and inter-relationship are mapped and described. We are able to identify the top countries in the offshoring network and characterize their connectivity structure, discovering the more prominent actors in the worldwide offshoring scenario and their range of influence., Panama Papers; Offshore societies; Tax havens; Geographical networks; Graph Theory; Network Analysis; International Relations; Money; Globalization; Business; Economics

In the late 1980s and early 1990s a process was started that would lead to the single currency in Europe. The choice made for its governance relied on an intergovernmental monitoring over convergence, based on the strict compliance to the Maastricht criteria. The White Paper of the Delors's Commission on Growth, Competitiveness, Employment was issued in September 1993 to face the new internal and external threats to the European economies. It provided a framework for policy-action that should accompany the building of the euro and help the European economy survive the challenges of globalization, sustainability and new ICTs. The paper aims to examine the White Paper of 1993, and to analyse the reasons why it was neglected and eventually set aside by the member States, thus weakening the long-term prospects of the European economy and the sustainability of the forthcoming European single currency.

This concept paper aim to propose a new model of innovative teaching that can be implemented in pondok institution without neglecting its traditional learning system. Qualitative approach by using in-depth interview will be conducted to explore the acceptance of the proposed innovative teaching model. The sample in this study will include the management of pondok institution registered with Department of Islamic Development of Malaysia (JAKIM). It is hope that finding from this study will help the pondok management to consider the proposed innovative teaching model in improving and reforming their learning system in order to remain pondok sustainability in facing with challenges related to Industrial Revolution 4.0 and globalisation. It is hope that the results of this study could help the Malaysian government develop a model for strengthening the pondok institution curriculum in line with mainstream education.

My essay illuminates the plights of those who live on the southern shore of the Mediterranean under the antagonistic forces of globalisation, according to which the free movement of capital between...

This special thematic feature on “New impacts of globalization” was developed, in partnership with the French Economic Association (Association francaise de science economique, AFSE), from the contributions presented at its 66th annual congress which took place in Nice in June 2017. The four articles published here illustrate the different channels by which a country's international opennessth impacts its wealth, employment and subnational inequalities. This introduction builds on these works to present some recent avenues of research for modelling and quantifying the impacts of globalization.

I congratulate the guest editors, Caro and Kyriakides (2019), on an interesting collection of papers on PISA; its achievements and possibilities. Some of these articles will serve as useful referen...

This chapter describes the general history of research and development work in the Finnish pulp and paper industry from the mid-nineteenth century until roughly 1990, a period that witnessed it undergo drastic changes because of the altered political environment in Europe and general globalization. In addressing its subject, this chapter is mainly concerned with the operation of paper mills, but it also addresses the related subjects of technical research, formal higher education and work-related, practical learning. In addition, it briefly discusses the challenges inherent in researching the development of technology because of its research traditions. peerReviewed

Drawing on the Academic Literacies perspectives of Lea and Street and key genre theorists, this mixed-methods case study explored multilingual student experiences of academic literacy practices in one postgraduate social-science school in an English-medium university in Kazakhstan. Two questions guided the research: (1) To what extent and in what ways do students develop genre knowledge in their school EMI contexts?; (2) Which pedagogical approaches and strategies do students identify as beneficial in supporting genre knowledge development? The study found students developed genre awareness for research-related literacy practices, involving field-, tenor- and mode-related genre knowledge. The study also found student capacity to apply genre knowledge successfully across a range of text genres. Another finding was that challenge and success in genre knowledge development was a function of the extent of explicit feedback from instructors and peers and explicit assignment expectations. Each of our findings are consistent with the critique and recommendations of Lea and Street (1998; 2006) on the importance of a situated approach to developing student academic literacy practice that accounts for the larger institutional contexts and epistemological traditions in which those practices have meaning. These findings have important value for discussions and debates on student academic literacy learning and practice in higher education in Kazakhstan, across Central Asia and in other countries where policies for internationalization and research universities are rapidly transforming higher education literacy practice in the current era of globalization.

This study aims to review the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) technique to develop a new product. BSC, as a strategic performance tool, has received closed attention from many organizations worldwide. However, the implementation has been limited. The globalization and economic upheaval have increased the challenges to the executive’s face and therefore need to find the right tools to overcome the challenges. The current paper focuses on the review of literature on the importance of BSC towards new product development and business performance. This paper suggests that the 4th generation balance scorecard leads the combination of the management system and performance measurement that brings up one big strategy maps, and possibly will use widely to satisfy the customer demands. This paper discusses the current issues and the emerging importance of BSC literature and suggests fruitful areas for further study.

Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines, popularly known as PICOP, is a multi- billion-peso wood-based industry operating the only fully integrated pulp and paper mill in Southeast Asia in 1963. Its timber and paper products are known both in local and international markets. It has also the biggest share of forest concessions among other timber and paper corporations in Mindanao. It operates of about 182, 682 hectares in the eastern cost of Mindanao. PICOP’s establishment in 1963 and its productive years of operations through the years had significantly contributed to the development of the socio- economic conditions of the municipality of Bislig. Thus, Bislig City’s development was and end result of PICOP’s corporate design to give the local community economic and social equity through local employment, infrastructural development and long-term livelihood. However, PICOP’s productive years was beleaguered by both external and internal problems--- natural calamities; national economic and political instability; high fuel costs in the international market; unfavorable national market conditions due to market globalization; subtle effects of full privatization; emergence of poachers, smugglers and other unscrupulous illegal log buyers within PICOP’s areas of concessions; and the legal and environmental constraints, affected PICOP’s operation, production, and financial standing that forced PICOP to shut down in 2006. PICOP, now PRI Resource Incorporated (PRI), shutdown in 2006 is a great loss to the community, especially to the local economy of Bislig City, which became almost dependent to PRI’s operations, and the problem of unemployment surfaced. Until this time PRI’s condition is still a national issue that warranted the attention of many policy makers. Furthermore, Bislig City’s local government never lost hope that the national government will find a more feasible solution to redress the problem.

Malaysia is now moving towards becoming a developed nation, targeting on the high-income nation by 2020. In order to execute this intention, Malaysia needs to develop and strengthen the economic growth. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are acknowledged have a significant role in Malaysian economic growth and expected to contribute 41% of GDP by 2020. However, there are a few factors hinder SMEs to maximize their growth and it has been reported that SMEs contributions to the country’s economy are still comparatively low compared with the contributions of SMEs in many developed and developing countries. Innovation is one of the important factors to remaining competitive in this globalization world. Therefore, SMEs need to focus on innovation activities to increase contribution and remain competitive. Knowledge management is one of the most effective strategies that may help to stimulate innovations and enable innovation activities into the business. Hence, the main aim of this study is to investigate the role of innovation in the relationship between knowledge management practices and SMEs Performance. This study proposed to investigate innovation activities at SMEs manufacturing sector focusing in food and beverages industry. Specifically, innovation types that will be focused in this study are product, process and management innovation. The result hopefully will become an empirical evidence that confirmed innovation is crucial to increase SMEs competitive ability and increase organizational performance. In addition, the result also expectantly prove knowledge management practices have an impact on innovation. Lastly, this study will help Malaysian Government to strategies the policy to overcome difficulties and more importantly in ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of Malaysian SMEs.

This original article outlines a theoretical path and posterior critical analysis regarding two relevant matters in modern nursing: patterns of knowing in nursing and commodification contexts in contemporary health systems. The aim of our manuscript is to examine the development of basic and contextual nursing knowledge in commodified contexts. For this purpose, we outline a discussion and reflexive dialogue based on a literature search and our clinical experience. To lay the foundation for an informed discussion, we conducted a literature search and selected relevant articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese that included contents on patterns of knowing, commodification, and nursing published from 1978 to 2017. Globalization, commodification, and austerity measures seem to have negative effects on nursing. Work conditions are worsening, deteriorating nurse-patient relationships, and limiting reflection on practice. Nurses must develop knowledge to challenge and participate in institutional organization and public health policies. Development of nursing knowledge may be difficult to achieve in commodified environments. Consequently, therapeutic care relationships, healthcare services, and nurses' own health are compromised. However, by obtaining organizational, sociopolitical, and emancipatory knowledge, nurses can use strategies to adapt to or resist commodified contexts while constructing basic knowledge.

Modern globalization leads companies into a changing environment with a highly uncertain future development of key drivers of change. Especially, global production networks are affected by uncertainty and dynamic changes. Reactiveness becomes of crucial importance, as the adaptation to environmental conditions is the key to maintain competitive advantages. This article presents an approach for flexible migration planning in global production networks. The focus is on the formulation of a Markovian Decision Process (MDP) that enables the identification of optimal reactions to stochastic changes of key drivers of change. The formulation includes the description of a multi-level modelling approach for global production networks. Furthermore the valuation model of the reward function of the MDP is discussed in detail. Finally, the paper provides a brief description of exemplary optimization results solving the MDP by backward induction.

Subject area Human resource management. Study level/applicability It is appropriate for graduate students majoring in human resource or business management. Students who are interested in studying Asian economies in the world, as they are the most growing economies in the world and at the same time have a shocking number of people employed in the informal sector. Case overview This case study talks about women workers who face a glass ceiling at the management level and deplorable working conditions at the informal level. This case involves women in the paper bag-making business, a part of the urban informal sector. The paper bag-making business provides employment and income generation for the urban poor. The focus in this study is on women production workers, rather than entrepreneurs or professional managers. Focus of the study will be on the change in the pattern of income distribution within the family-based household, the degree of bargaining power derived from productive work and income and impact of technology on the plight of unskilled women force and how technology and vocational training can lead to utilization of manpower being wasted because of lack of synergy between technology and the informal sector in India. Expected learning outcomes Four key points of selection, training, assessment and leadership all have been addressed in this case study, and the relevance of these points is important from the point of view of management students who have to understand the linkages and the hidden costs these informal sector occupations come with and then to device an appropriate strategy to bring and use these human resources to their full capacity by utilizing the existing resources instead of adding new ones, which in development economics is known as Solow residual. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

PurposeOwing to the consolidation and globalization of the paper industry, manufacturing units have keen interest to focus on particular product groups. While this specialization will create opportunities for scale economics in production, management of supply chains becomes increasingly challenging, as one particular manufacturing unit serves a number of different sales locations. The aim of this paper is to identify improvement areas in the new supply chain context of paper production, and possibly give further support for the general discipline development.Design/methodology/approachResearch work is based on two different case studies completed for one major North‐European paper manufacturer, which is mostly serving its customers in Europe and the USA. The first case study (a preliminary one) started when supply chain challenges were recognized at the end of the 1990s, and a manufacturing unit was seeking managerial remedies – this investigation only concerned one manufacturing unit, while not singling cut any particular supply chain in the analysis. During the most recent years a more detailed case‐study was conducted with this paper manufacturer, which concerned lead time performance of four different strategically important supply chains. These supply chains were championed by two different large manufacturing units (the preliminary analysis concerned one of these two paper mills). The objective of this research work is to identify whether general lead time and response studies, mostly completed in the automotive industry, are applicable to paper production.FindingsAccording to the analysis North‐European paper manufacturers hold approximately 45 days of distribution inventory. Interestingly, in the case study it was found that in distribution this does not result in high efficiency–on the contrary different parties involved (railway, port operations and vessels) need to have a considerable amount of free and unused capacity in their operations to ensure the smooth flow of materials.Research limitations/implicationsThe case studies were conducted in the factories of one large North‐European multinational. Therefore, the observations are limited to this company. However, in order to generalize the results further, the authors have analysed North‐European paper producers through macro data and financial reports in any research environment. To cover a mismatch between company level quantitative analysis and macro data, the authors consulted several key persons in the case company concerning the research results. Therefore, triangulation in the empirical data was achieved.Practical implicationsIt is argued that four reasons, namely: scale emphasis in production, IT systems to support supply chains, sea shipment, and outsourced distribution, play a vital role in the forthcoming performance improvement initiatives. At the moment this results in long supply chain lead times, whatever the distance to the actual market. Decision makers in practice need to find solutions for these in order to improve performance further.Originality/valueSupply chains are rarely analyzed in research works through more than one supply chain – here analysis of four different supply chains concerning lead time is provided. The analysis is based on the enterprise resource‐planning database, and findings are verified with interviews with the managers and directors of the case company.

Collaborative research is one of the most noteworthy trends in the development of scientific research, and co-authored papers are some of the most important results of this research. With the speed-up of globalization, wider adoption of computers and advanced communication technologies, and more frequent academic exchanges and co-operation, collaborative research across organizations, regions, and fields has provided greater access to Chinese researchers in the humanities and social sciences. Accordingly, co-authored papers have witnessed considerable growth in number and proportion. The Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI), published by the Institute for Scientific Information (USA), enjoy a high reputation worldwide as large-scale and comprehensive retrieval systems for international large comprehensive papers and citations. This article aims to reveal the trends of Chinese collaborative research in the humanities and social sciences from the perspective of bibliometrics and offer advice for Chinese researchers and managers in these fields, by analyzing Chinese co-authored papers in the humanities and social sciences indexed in the SSCI and A&HCI in the last decade (1995-2004).

The rapid speed of globalization and increasing economic interdependence has had a direct impact on defence policies and countries are constantly seen fine-tuning their priorities. Walden Bello arg...

The present article approaches the trends of HRD in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. The recent two decades have introduced several major changes into this field of industry. Technical breakthroughs have led to drastic changes in the competence requirements of the personnel. On the other hand, the boom of mergers and acquisitions in this industry segment has cut down the humber of corporations with world wide operations. Globalization challenges the European labor market, social policy, vocational education as well as HRD practices to develop high value jobs and competencies essential for survival in the labor cost competition.

The basic themes in the White Paper of the European Commission on education and training, published in November 1995, were the coming of the information society and globalization. These two "shake-ups" were seen as current realities that bring challenges and risks as they broaden and deepen the feeling of insecurity that has been recorded as the most significant feature of the 1995-96 conjuncture in Europe. The White Paper expressed the Commission's strong interest in the real contribution of education to the growth of productivity and competitiveness of the European economy and to the softening of the social consequences of the "neoliberal voluntarism" of the early 1990s that officially prevailed in Maastricht through the adoption of the European unified economic indicators.1

This paper proceeds to a critical and reflexive analysis on the diffusion process of kizomba, a genre of dance that has gained enormous popularity all over the world. Through methodological strategies inspired by the notion of multi-sited ethnography, the research that is the origin of this work proceeds to a mapping of the actors (teachers, musicians, producers, dancers) and festivals, in an attempt to map the wide circulation of this dance of african roots. We will pay particular attention to three complementary aspects: At first, I map out the protagonists and contexts of creation and recreation of kizomba a path that seeks to map the emergence of this kind of music and dance, identifying spaces and protagonists of this process. In a second moment I try to analyze the expansion and dissemination: following the protagonists through time and spaces using the notion of "battlefields" (Guss, 2000) to interrogate the role that the festivals of this kind of dance play in the process of diffusion of the kizomba, characterizing its competitive, pedagogical and entertainment components. We also explore the negotiations and tensions that take place in the places of learning and practice of kizomba, paying particular attention to the way in which ethnicity is mobilized in the voices of the dancers. In a third moment I analyze networks and flows of communication and images: the globalization of kizomba and I try to analise the role that certain network communication technologies (such as digital platforms and youtube) have been playing in the process of globalization of kizomba and in the construction of a "supranational imaginary" (Canclini, 2003). Resumo Este artigo procede a uma análise crítica e reflexiva sobre o processo de difusão da kizomba, um género de dança que tem vindo a ganhar enorme popularidade em todo o mundo. Através de estratégias metodológicas inspiradas na noção de etnografia multi-situada, a pesquisa que está na origem deste trabalhoprocede a ummapeamento dos atores (professores, músicos, divulgadores, dançarinos) e dos festivais, na tentativa de mapear a ampla circulação desta dança de raízes africanas. Daremos particular atenção a três aspetos complementares: Num primeiro momento tento esboçar um mapeamento dos protagonistas e contextos de criação e recriação da Kizomba traço um percurso que procura mapear o surgimento deste género de música e dança, identificando espaços e protagonistas desse processo. Num segundo momento tento analisar a expansão e divulgação: seguindo os protagonistas através do tempo e dos espaços recorrendo à noção de “campos de batalha” (Guss, 2000) para interrogar o papel que os festivais deste género de dança desempenham no processo de difusão do Kizomba, caracterizando as suas componentes competitivas, pedagógicas e de entretenimento. Exploramos igualmente as negociações e tensões que ocorrem nos lugares de aprendizagem e prática da kizomba, concedendo particular atenção à forma como a etnicidade é mobilizada nos discursos sobre esta prática musical e de dança. Num terceiro momento faço uma análise das redes e fluxos de comunicação e imagens: a globalização da kizomba e analiso o papel que certas tecnologias de comunicação em rede (tais como plataformas digitais e o youtube), vêm desempenhando no processo de globalização da kizomba e na construção de um “imaginário supranacional” (Canclini, 2003) em torno desta dança. Este texto é o resultado de uma comunicação ao VI Congresso da Associação Portuguesa de Antropologia que decorreu em Coimbra, em Junho de 2016, com a colaboração de Filipe Reis, orientador da minha dissertação de Mestrado, defendida em Dezembro de 2015. Tendo em conta as características do estudo deste tipo de géneros de música e de dança, que se encontram ainda numa fase de desenvolvimento e expansão, recorro aqui às categorizações fornecidas pelos interlocutores deste trabalho. As entrevistas e conversas decorreram durante o trabalho de campo realizado entre as cidades de Luanda, Lisboa, Milão, Cairo e Miami durante o Ano de 2013 e 2014.

The new EC reflection paper on globalisation sets new accents, but contains no major departure from current policy orientations. It takes a clear stand for free trade, while attacking "unfair competition" and arguing for a "balanced, rules-based and progressive trade and investment agenda". Despite its insistence on a managed globalisation and a fair redistribution of its benefits, its proposals are unlikely to allay domestic anxieties and external criticism.

Most aspects of the argument of the UK government's 2000 White Paper on globalization and development stand up reasonably well to the findings of subsequent research. But there is significant new evidence in two areas: the size of the contribution of institutions to growth; and the complexity of the effects of increased openness on poor people. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mobilizing Democracy: Globalization and Citizenship Protest by Paul Almeida Mobilizing Democracy: Globalization and Citizenship Protest by Paul Almeida Review by: Edwin Amenta American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 121, No. 2 (September 2015), pp. 632-634 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/682157 . Accessed: 07/10/2015 19:48 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 23.235.32.0 on Wed, 7 Oct 2015 19:48:25 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

This piece, by Celine Kelly, is a report on a paper that was presented at the JSI 2013 in Melbourne and explores the key points made by Andrew Godwin on the globalisation and liberalisation of legal services in the Australasia region. The talk included a discussion on the pros and cons of globalisation and case studies of legal services in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, China, India and Australia.

Clare Short, the UK Government's International Development Secretary, characterises the anti-globalisation movement as 'well-intentioned' but 'destructive and dangerous'. Such sentiments could be turned round and applied to her Department's recent White Paper (WP) entitled Elimninating World Poverty: Making Globalisation Work for the Poor, published in December 2000. Well-intentioned, it has introduced some useful legislative intentions. Destructive and dangerous, its faith in global capitalism as the solution to world poverty is fraught with problems of intensifying unacceptable levels of human exploitation and environmental degradation.

Punam V. Barbde is an Assistant Professor in Amravati. She chose to research on Arun Joshi’s novel, The Foreigner. I think she chose this topic for her research because it is a hot burning issue in our society where everybody is restless, impatient and agitative. People have become more and more materialist and selfish. This trauma, agony, pain and sufferings is explored in the novel, The Foreigner. In the modern life globalization and modernization, we people have become so self-centered, selfish and egoistic that the important ingredients of being a human-being is left far behind. Ingredients of sympathy, kindness, love, care, and sensitivity is becoming a rare-found species. Money, materialism and me dominates on human minds so much that there is chaos, confusion, and restlessness all over the place.

Purpose: Globalization is the reality of our day and age. Globalization connotes the increasing economic, social, technical, cultural, and political interdependence between nations. People are more inter-connected now than ever. The availability of worldwide communication systems through rapid improvements in communication technology and the internet has led to more international trade and cultural exchange. Methodology: A qualitative study and research was carried out to consider the dynamics and diverse ways globalization has affected our lives and with its own attendant challenges, including the need to design effective multinational organizations, and to identify and select appropriate leaders to manage those organizations with their culturally diverse employees (Northouse,2013). Findings: The research discovered that it is now incumbent on organizational leaders to understand how cultural differences affect their leadership performance and their leadership development systems. Adler and Bartholomew (1992) assert that organizational leaders need to understand various business, political, and cultural environments globally, learn the perspectives, tastes, trends, and technologies of many other cultures, learn how to work with people from many cultures simultaneously, adapt to living and communicating in other cultures, and learn to relate with people from diverse cultural origins from a position of equality rather than cultural superiority. Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy (Recommendation): Every Successful leaders across borders in the globalized world are expected to embrace diversity by rising above cultural issues such as perceptual bias, discrimination, stereotyping, ethnocentrism, and prejudice. This white paper explores the basic concepts of global leadership, the development of cultural agility, and the process of leadership development across borders.

The international globalization of the World markets for manufactured goods, particularly consumer goods, has placed an emphasis on nations to improve manufacturing productivity. This need to improve productivity is further prompted by a potential loss of competitive edge in the global marketplace. The market competitiveness and e$ciency of any nation is primarily dependent upon the economy, reliability, quality, quickness, and ease of its manufacturing processes and the resulting quality of outcomes (products). To a major extent, the skills of the workforce determine the e!ectiveness and the e$ciency of the process of manufacturing and the quality of goods produced. And yet, there is a severe lack of standardized and consistent worker training programs for skills needed by workers in modern manufacturing organizations. This review paper shows that there is a dire need to train workers in manufacturing organizations and thereby improve the overall e!ectiveness and e$ciency of such organizations. Relevance to industry As technology changes, so do the skills workers need. In order to compete successfully in the global market, manufacturing organizations must aim at training workers in skills necessary to produce quality goods. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Normal 0 0 1 217 1239 10 2 1521 11.768 0 21 0 0 The divide between the poor and the rich in India is getting wider and deeper day by day in the post globalization and privatization. It also sounds paradoxical to hear that the development whatever is happening in India is preceded by large scale corruption where the politicians and the bureaucrats in tandem and in perfect collusion are siphoning off billions of rupees meant for the rural development. But, none of these projects could escape the brunt of corruption in India. The paper deals with a few such stories of corruption as case studies that came to limelight and are placed in ‘convergent’ media either in the blogs of television channels or print media or on line web-portals such as face-book/twitter or on You Tube. The paper hypothesizes that the current level of exposure of corruption in 24x7 ‘convergent’ media is not adequate and would like to explore the ways and means of utilizing it (convergent media) more ‘socially effectively’ to totally curb/eliminate the corruption from the top to the lower level in the governance in India. This study therefore follows multiple methods of inquiry, besides the case studies, including surfing the existing web-portals/blogs for the mobilized public views on exposure of corruption through the ‘convergent’ media and conducting interviews with the convenience sample of media experts in the field as also analyzing the secondary documents (for case studies). The study is therefore a descriptive and qualitative communication research.