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To elucidate the historical biogeography of a species, the patterns of population divergence must be understood, and the evolutionary history of the species must be accurately known. For brown trout (Salmo trutta complex), estimating divergence times remains a challenge due to the lack of well-defined time calibration points and insufficient phylogeographic coverage in previous studies. The present work aims to improve molecular dating of mitochondrial control region sequences by using a multicalibration framework based on the latest paleogeological evidence for dating the origin of Lake Ohrid and two available Salmo fossils, including the overlooked Salmo immigratus. Our results clearly show that, contrary to common belief, the major divisions within the brown trout occurred in the Late Pliocene, not the Pleistocene. The Pliocene origin suggests that the brown trout lineages did not form because of geo(hydro)morphological changes during glaciation cycles but may be the result of orogeny and drainage evolution. In addition, increased sampling, particularly in Serbia, led to the identification of a new haplogroup (da-int) occupying an intermediate position with respect to da-es and da-bs haplogroups. While the control region can delineate brown trout lineages, its phylogenetic resolution is limited, so even extensive sampling could not further resolve the lineage level polytomies.

Loaches of the genus Sabanejewia are model organisms for many ichthyologic studies focusing on morphological and colour variation. The bright lateral spots—a part of the mimicry of this fish—cause a taxonomic puzzle. Common practice is that morphometric and molecular studies lack habitat assessments of species originating from different environments. In this study, we analysed body shape and colour variation within two species of Sabanejewia in order to reveal whether they are more affected by phylogeny or environmental conditions. The environmental parameters were obtained using satellite mapping tools, body shape using geometric morphometry, and the molecular identification of specimens using an analysis of mitochondrial DNA (sequence of the cytochrome b gene). Generalized linear mixed models were used for the analysis of lateral spot numbers, and principal components analysis to describe the changes in landmark position defined by the permutation tests. Results show a significant impact of the locality elevation and specimen’s sex on the change of the body shape. We identified significant differences in the number of lateral spots, which are considered mimicry variation across an elevation gradient. Morphological differences of Sabanejewia spp. vary with ecological factors along the river continuum.

The genus Aulopyge, represented by a single species, the Dalmatian barbelgudgeon, Aulopyge huegelii, is an endemic genus with very restricted distribution range comprising several rivers in southern Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this study, molecular genetic analyses based on three molecular markers (one nuclear and two mitochondrial) were performed to confirm the position of Aulopyge within Cyprinidae, obtain data on its evolutionary history, and describe its population genetic structure and diversity. Specimens of A. huegelii were obtained throughout the distribution range. Phylogenetic reconstruction corroborated the independent position of this species and its placement within the Barbinae subfamily. The evolutionary history of A. huegelii started already in the middle Oligocene, whereas intraspecific divergences that left a trace in its current genetic structure and diversity are of much younger origin, starting in the middle Pleistocene. Unlike in other cypriniform species and genera distributed in the Dinaric karst region, there is no significant structuring within A. huegelii, or distribution of haplotypes concordant with the geographic scale. Furthermore, low effective population sizes estimated for most populations and low genetic diversities within them raise strong concerns about the viability and future survival of this endemic species.

U ovom članku izložen je ažurirani popis slatkovodnih riba u Albaniji za svaki podsliv. Prikazani podaci o rasprostranjenosti i popisi taksona temelje se na pregledu literature do listopada 2022. i intenzivnom terenskom radu u posljednjih 15 godina. Prikazani su podaci o distribuciji 101 vrste riba (koje potječu iz 25 porodica) iz 11 različitih podslivova. Postoje novi zapisi koji uključuju domaće, strane i translocirane vrste riba. Osobitost albanskih slatkovodnih riba je istaknuta pri definiranju specifične ihtiološke regije za cijelu balkansku regiju. Fauna slatkovodnih riba Albanije predstavlja posebnu vrijednost nacionalne baštine, posebice zbog svoje raznolikosti i visokog stupnja endemičnosti. To je uglavnom zbog složenih geoloških i klimatskih uvjeta i položaja između Jadranskog i Jonskog mora na zapadu i kontinentalnih područja Balkana s druge strane, što je omogućilo različite kolonizacije izvan područja i duga razdoblja specijacije. Jedanaest hidrografskih bazenskih jedinica analizirano je u pogledu sastava vrsta, evolucijskih obrazaca i ekoloških značajki. Ovim pregledom broj albanskih slatkovodnih riba iznosi 101, s 20 vrsta dodanih iz prethodnog popisa iz 1995. godine i nekoliko vrsta izbrisanih zbog taksonomskih promjena., In this article, we provide an updated list of freshwater fishes in Albania for each sub-basin. The distribution data and taxa-lists presented are based on a literature review up to October 2022 and intensive fieldwork conducted in the last 15 years. Distributional records of 101 fish species (deriving from 25 families) in 11 different sub-basins are reported. There are new records that include native, alien and translocated fish species. The distinctiveness of Albanian freshwater fishes is highlighted while defining a specific ichthyological region for the whole Balkan region. The freshwater fish fauna of Albania represents a special value of the national heritage, especially due to its diversity and a high degree of endemicity. This is mainly due to the complex geological and climatic conditions, and the location between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas on the west and the continental areas of the Balkans on the other side, which have allowed different colonization from outside the area and long periods of speciation. Eleven hydrographic basin units are analyzed for species composition, evolutionary patterns, and ecological features. This review brings the number of Albanian freshwater fish taxa to 101, with 20 species added from the previous 1995 inventory and several species deleted due to taxonomic changes.

Principal financial support came from the Czech Science Foundation (13-05872S) to MR. RŠ was supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2018/14, National Museum, 00023272). LC acknowledges institutional support RVO: 67985904. South-east Europe, along with the adjacent region of south-west Asia, is an important biodiversity hotspot with high local endemism largely contributed by contemporary continental lineages that retreated to southern refugia during colder Quaternary periods. We investigated the genetic diversity of the European bitterling fish (Rhodeus amarus) species complex (Cyprinidae) across its range in the western Palearctic, but with a particular emphasis in the region of Balkan, Pontic and Caspian refugia. We genotyped 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a partial sequence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (CYTB) for a set of 1,038 individuals from 60 populations. We used mtDNA sequences to infer phylogenetic relationships and historical demography, and microsatellite markers to describe fine-scale genetic variability and structure. Our mtDNA analysis revealed six well-supported lineages, with limited local co-occurrence. Two lineages are distributed throughout central and western Europe (lineages “A” and “B”), with two zones of secondary contact. Another two lineages were restricted to the Ponto-Aegean region of Greece (lineages “C” and “D”) and the final two lineages were restricted south of the Caucasus mountains (lineage “E” from the Black Sea watershed and lineage “F” from the Caspian watershed). A signal of recent expansion was revealed in the two widespread lineages and the Ponto-Aegean lineage “C”. The geographic distribution of clusters detected by nuclear microsatellites corresponded well with mitochondrial lineages and demonstrated finely sub-structured populations. A profound population structure suggested a significant role of genetic drift in differentiation among lineages. Lineage divergence in the Ponto-Aegean and Caspian regions are substantial, supporting the validity of two described endemic species (Rhodeus meridionalis as lineage “D” and Rhodeus colchicus as lineage “E”) and invite taxonomic evaluation of the other two southern lineages (Thracean “C” and Caspian “F”). Postprint

The objectives of this study were to gain a new understanding of the morphology of four endemic Delminichthys species, to determine the presence of morphological differences among populations and species, and to reveal reductive characters that might be connected with underground migrations. Morphometric and meristic characters were measured and statistically compared between populations and species. The study was conducted in the Dinaric region of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the year 2013. Interpopulation variability observed for body shape (all size- independent morphometric characters significantly differed among populations) could be a reflection of the varying ecological conditions, although it might also imply the isolation of populations belonging to the same species. The number of lateral line scales (21–37 in D. krbavensis, 47– 63 in D. jadovensis, 52–74 in D. adspersus, 88– 105 in D. ghetaldii) proved to be the best diagnostic character for the Delminichthys species. Nevertheless, differences among the species in the number of pectoral and ventral fin rays, colouration, appearance of the lateral line, position of the mouth and presence of the groove above the upper lip were also observed.

The study aims on effects of mercury on haematological and biochemical parameters in blood plasma on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The theoretical part of study is focused on phenomenon of occurrence of mercury and its forms in aquatic environment and fish. Practical portion of study includes the effects of administration to mercury and also the effects of co-administration of sodium chloride. In the first experiment we carried out the exposure of Cyprinus carpio L. by selected mercury concentrations for 5, 10 and 15 days. In the second experiments were carps exposed to 1.5 micro g.l-1 mercury with the addition of various concentrations of sodium chloride (29 mg.l-1, 300 mg.l-1 and 1000 mg.l-1) for 72 h. For the evaluation of haematological and biochemical biomarkers in blood plasma of carps, we exploited the Konelab T 20xt and Easy Lyte machines. The obtained data were statistically processed and evaluated.

A new species of the gobiid genus Gobius (Gobiidae, Perciformes), Gobius incognitus sp. nov. is described from the Mediterranean Sea, and its most morphologically similar species Gobius bucchichi is redescribed. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by: scales in lateral series 51-59 ; predorsal scales 25-35 ; opercle scaled in adults with 10-16 scales present ; pectoral fin with ray count 18-20 and free tips on upper rays well developed and on the first ray longer than two thirds of the entire ray length ; pelvic disc complete and with well-developed anterior membrane without lateral lobes ; anterior oculoscapular canal with pore at rear of orbit ; oculoscapular row x(1) not extending forwards to pore ; suborbital row d discontinuous with large gap below suborbital rows 3 and 4 ; eye diameter 108-132 in snout length ; by pigment rows on cheek and pigmentation on pectoral-fin base.

This study is focused on the issue of the Squalius genus phylogeography in Albania in the Balkan region. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence variation at mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b gene) were used to examine these issues for the freshwater fish of the genus Squalius from various river systems in the Adriatic Sea region. There were identified three genetic lineages of unclear taxonomic position, where the genetic variation between identified clades range from 1.6 to 2.1 %. The first lineage is distributed in the Neretva River drainage in Bosnia and Hercegovina, i.e. north of Albania and in the whole remaining Periadriatic regions, whereas the second lineage is especially spread in the northern part of Albania and the third lineage occurs especially in the zone of the European ancient lake systems on the Balkan Peninsula (lakes Ohrid and Prespa), from where expands to the southern part of Albania. Both lineages sympatrically coincide in the hydrological river-lake system of Ohrid-Drin-Skadar. The phylogenetic and taxonomic position of the Squalius genus in the region seems to be interesting topic for subsequent and more detailed study.

Slatkovodni sustavi na području dinarskog krša nastanjeni su osobito bogatom ribljom zajednicom, s velikim udjelom endemskih vrsta. S ciljem objašnjavanja nastanka tako velike raznolikosti, predloženo je nekoliko događaja i pojava: geografska izolacija rijeka i njihova povezanost kroz podzemlje, geološka povijest, refugiji tijekom ledenih doba, specifične stope mutacije. Za razliku od većine rodova slatkovodnih riba, rod Delminichthys nastanjuje malo područje i obuhvaća svega četiri vrste. Kako bismo otkrili populacijsko‐ genetičku strukturu i demografsku povijest vrsta ovoga roda, te tako pridonijeli razjašnjavanju evolucije u slatkovodnim sustavima Dinarida, proveli smo filogeografska i populacijsko‐ genetička istraživanja svih vrsta roda Delminichthys. Na temelju mitohondrijskih i jezgrinih biljega sekvenci analizirali smo filogenetske odnose, razinu genetičke raznolikosti unutar populacija i vrsta te između njih, kao i unutarvrsnu genetičku strukturu. Najznačajniji rezultati uključuju značajan mito‐jezgreni nesklad, umjeren do visok stupanj genetičke raznolikosti većine populacija te izraženu genetičku strukturiranost. U svjetlu novih rezultata također ćemo diskutirati mogućnost podzemnog protoka gena između pojedinih populacija.

Morphometric differentiation among freshwater fish populations is a commonplace occurrence, although the underlying causes for this divergence often remain elusive. We analysed the degree and patterns of morphological differentiation among nine freshwater three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations inhabiting isolated karst rivers of the Adriatic Sea basin, to characterise the phenotypic diversity and differentiation in these populations. The analyses revealed marked and significant morphometric differentiation – especially in traits related to predator defence amongst most populations – even among those located within close geographic proximity in the same catchment system. Accordingly, the degree of morphometric and neutral genetic differentiation, as assessed from variability in 15 microsatellite loci from a parallel study, were uncorrelated across the populations. However, PST/FST comparisons revealed that the degree of phenotypic differentiation (PST) among populations exceeded that to be expected from genetic drift alone, suggesting a possible adaptive basis for the observed differentiation. In fact, avian predation pressure and several physiochemical environmental variables were identified as the main putative drivers of the observed differentiation, particularly in the dorsal spines, ascending process and lateral plates. Hence, the high degree of morphometric differentiation among Adriatic three-spined stickleback populations appears to reflect adaptation to local ecological conditions.

European bullhead sensus lato is a species complex, in which lineage determination based on morphology has proven to be extremely difficult, probably due to low interspecific and high intraspeciefic morphological variation. Therefore, major evolutionary lineages across Europe have been determined based on molecular data, which also to some extent corresponds to known morphological variation. Cottus populations on the Balkan Peninsula have not yet been thoroughly studied. Thus we used molecular genetic approach (mtDNA-CR and nu-LSU) to evaluate evolutionary distinctive units of Cottus in the Western Balkans and compare them to other European lineages. We found presence of five distinct lineages. Populations corresponding to Cottus gobio clade inhabit tributaries of Danube River in southern Serbia, rivers of Adriatic drainage and Drava River. Interestingly, we found three additional Cottus linages in Sava River and its tributaries, differing considerably from “main” C. gobio. First, we confirmed morphologically determined Cottus meate from Upper Sava, with species range from the source of Sava River, including tributaries, to the inflow of Kolpa River. Second, we found a new lineage inhabiting the Kolpa and Una river systems. Third, lineage was found inhabiting Bosna and Vrbas rivers. High density of evolutionary distinctive lineages in such a small area is according to our knowledge exceptional for European bullhead and lines up with the general notion of the Balkans as major refuge and present day biodiversity hotspot. Our results correspond with two wave colonization theory of Europe by Cottus genus probosed by Volckaert, first possibly being in Pliocene and second during the Pleistocene, with Balkan Peninsula as starting point for both of them.

This work deals with study of thiol compounds (metallothionein) and the determination of its quantity in the tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This tissues of the fish were exposed to several concentrations of arsenic. Concentration of metallothionein was measured elektrochemically by using differential pulse voltametry (DPV) by using Brdička's reaction. Metallothionein, which is among the low molecular weight thiols has very strong detoxication effects. Determining of the concentration of this protein could be used to determine the quality and also the health of fish meat.

The invasive fish species Neogobius fluviatilis was recorded at one locality on each of the two investigated rivers, Una and Kupa. The expansion of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented, as well as the habitat characteristics of the locality on the Una River. Additionally, a list of the associated fish fauna at both localities is given: 18 and 29 additional fish species were recorded for the Una and Kupa Rivers, respectively.

Unazad nekoliko desetljeća četiri vrste iz porodice glavoča (Gobiidae) proširile su svoj areal uzvodno Dunavom i pritocima. Tijekom istraživanja ihtiofaune početkom travnja 2011. godine na području Drave, od ušća do 12. rkm, te Dunava kod Aljmaša (rkm 1378.) utvrđena je prisutnost četiri vrste iz porodice glavoča od kojih se jedna smatra autohtonom – Proterorhinus semilunaris (Heckel, 1837), a ostale tri pripadaju rodovima Neogobius, Babka i Ponticola. Vrsta Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) bila je prisutna na četiri, Babka gymnotrachelus (Kessler, 1857) na jednom, a Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) na dva od ukupno 11 lokaliteta. Za uzorkovanje je korišten elektroagregat. Ukupno je ulovljeno 1130 jedinki. Utvrđeno je 28 vrsta riba i 1 vrsta paklara. Glavoči su činili 0, 04 % ulova. Najbrojnija je bila vrsta Neogobius melanostomus [broj jedinki: 25 (2, 21 %) ; max. SL: 90 mm ; min. SL: 40 mm ; srednja duljina tijela: 60.7+-19.3]. Slijedila je vrsta Ponticola kessleri [broj jedinki: 21 (1.86%) ; max. SL: 135 mm ; min. SL: 47 mm ; srednja duljina tijela: 90+-28.9]. Ulovljene su samo dvije jedinke Babka gymnotrachelus (0.18% ; max. SL: 86 mm ; min. SL: 77 mm ; srednja duljina tijela: 81.5+-6.4). Sve tri vrste lovljene su na kamenitoj obali. Prema dosadašnjim podatcima, vrsta N. melanostomus nova je za faunu Drave. Vrsta B. gymnotrachelus uzorkovana je u kanalu koji povezuje Staru Dravu Bijelo Brdo s Dunavom, nekoliko stotina metara nizvodno od ušća Drave u Dunav. Također, nalaz ove vrste podupire tezu o polaganom uspostavljanju populacije na ovom području s obzirom da je tijekom prijašnjih istraživanja, duž cijelog toka Dunava u Hrvatskoj, ulovljena samo jedna jedinka. Nije opovrgnuta teorija o disjunktnim populacijama, s obzirom na mjestimično veliku brojnost jedinki pojedinih vrsta, kao ni teorija o širenju balastnim vodama jer je 80.4 % jedinki ulovljeno kod luke Tranzit. S obzirom na istraživanja o učinkovitosti elektroribolova za uzorkovanje vrsta roda Neogobius, Babka i Ponticola, možemo zaključiti da je brojnost utvrđena ovim istraživanjem samo 16-50 % stvarne veličine populacija, ovisno o vrsti.

The genus Telestes Bonaparte, 1837 comprises primary freshwater, obligate riverine fishes that are adapted to moderately cold waters. Its distribution has not been influenced by human alteration, so it represents suitable model for investigating evolution of European freshwater fish taxa. The phylogenetic relationships of Telestes with other genera inside the Leuciscinae subfamily have already been investigated and several geological events have been proposed to shaped its evolutionary history (in particular the Alpine orogenesis, the uplifting of the Dinarides, the Messinian salinity crisis and the Pleistocene glaciations). However, due to the lack of the comprehensive and detailed investigation of the Telestes phylogeography and evolution throughout its distribution range, there are still some controversies regarding its evolutionary course. In order to reveal differences in genetic structure of each Telestes species and to discover details of their evolutionary paths, we have analyzed samples of all Telestes species throughout their distribution ranges. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on several molecular markers was conducted using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, whereas Nested clade analysis was carried out in order to make inferences about the processes underlying phylogeographic structure. The obtained results revealed interesting evolutionary history of the genus that affirms complex geological history of the Dinaride region. On the other hand, differences in intraspecific genetic structure enabled detection of local events that shaped the unique evolutionary course of each species and created differences between them.

Drava, u zadnje vrijeme nazivana hrvatskom Amazonom, je u prošlom i ovom stoljeću pretrpjela značajne regulacijske promjene vodotoka, a napose u pogledu utvrđivanja obala i kanaliziranja vodotoka izgradnjom pera. Ti su zahvati doveli do toga da u poplavnoj nizini ove rijeke ima sve manje funkcionalnih mrtvaja i rukavaca, koji su izuzetno značajni za brojnost ihtiofaune. Osim toga rukavci i mrtvaje su izuzetno značajni za mrijest riba. Bez smišljenih intervencija čovjeka budućnost ovih vodenih površina je zamočvarenje. Alternativa gubljenju mrijesnih površina je revitalizacija. U zadnje vrijeme smišlja se čišćenje i revitalizacija kanalske mreže u predjelu Aljmaškog rita, a prva je kroz proces prošla Stara Drava kod Sarvaša. Cilj je ovoga rada bio utvrditi stanje ihtiofaune poplavnog područja Drave od ušća do 12. rkm te same rijeke na navedenom koridoru kako bi se u budućnosti mogli valorizirati utjecaji revitalizacije kanalske mreže i bara u zaobalju. Tijekom višekratnog istraživanja 2011. godine, u razdoblju od 9. do 12. travnja, obavljeno je uzorkovanje riba pomoću leđnog (baterijskog) i benzinskog elektroagregata te mrežom na 11 lokaliteta od kojih su 7 bili u desnom zaobalju rijeke, a 4 uz desnu obalu glavnog toka. Ukupno je ulovljeno 1144 jedinki koje su pripadale u 33 vrste iz 10 porodica. Po broju vrsta najzastupljenija je, očekivano, porodica Cyprinidae s 15 vrsta, a slijede Gobiidae i Percidae. Od 1144 ulovljene jedinke, 38% pripadalo je u 5 utvrđenih alohtonih vrsta. Ukupno gledajući, najbrojnija vrsta, ujedno i alohtona, je srebrni karas (babuška), (Carassius gibelio), s 232 jedinke. Našim istraživanjem je utvrđeno bolje stanje ihtiofaune bara poplavnog područja negoli sustava tekućice gledamo li veći broj vrsta u barama (27 vs. 23), ali i veću brojnost jedinki (785 vs. 359). Na osnovu izračunatog koeficijenta korelacije nije utvrđena povezanost u sastavu ihtiofaune cjelokupnog lotičkog i lentičkog sustava (R=0.3, p>0.05).

Na temelju istraživanja provedenih u prošlih nekoliko godina, područje jadranskog slijeva u Hrvatskoj te Bosni i Hercegovini prepoznato je kao 'vruća točka' raznolikosti i centar endemizma europskih vijuna. Broj vrsta koje obitavaju na tom području veći je nego igdje drugdje u Europi, a većinom su te vrste endemi, rasprostranjeni u samoj jednoj rijeci, riječnom bazenu ili tek na nekoliko lokaliteta na vrlo malom području. Kako bi rasvijetlili evolucijsku povijest vijuna u navedenom području, u filogenetsku rekonstrukciju te analize populacijske genetike uključili smo jedinke iz svih poznatih populacija iz Dalmacije i Hercegovine. Na temelju istraživanja mitohondrijskog i nuklearnog genetskog biljega, prepoznata su četiri velika evolucijska dogañaja koja su rezultirala primijećenom raznolikošću i rasprostranjenošću vrsta. Meñutim, nakon odvajanja od zajedničkog pretka, svaka vrsta slijedi vlastiti evolucijski obrazac, što je dovelo do izuzetnih razlika u intraspecijskoj genetskoj raznolikosti blisko srodnih vrsta. Dobiveni rezultati omogućili su objašnjavanje evolucijskih dogañaja i posebnosti krških slatkovodnih sustava koji su, zajedno sa specifičnim ekološkim značajkama vijuna, oblikovali trenutnu raznolikost roda Cobitis u Hrvatskoj i Hercegovini. Osim toga, s obzirom na genetsku strukturu i raznolikost te gustoću i rasprostranjenost svake vrste, odreñene su evolucijski značajne jedinice te predložene mjere za njihovu zaštitu.

Inter-population variability within Sabanejewia populations from the western Balkans, and their phylogenetic position in comparison to other European populations were investigated. Of 79 samples analysed 51 unique haplotypes were identified. Network analysis divided thirteen populations from five river basins into two clusters: cluster I was composed of populations from the Vardar drainage and tributaries of the neighbouring River Morava (River Danube basin), while cluster II contained the River Timok (eastern Serbia) and all the River Sava populations. The only locality that housed haplotypes of both clusters was the River Kutinska reka in the upper Morava basin. When compared with the haplotypes reported in former studies, both clusters fell within the "Danubian-Balkanian complex". Cluster II was includedin the most heterogeneous sub-lineage S. montana-S. bulgarica-S. balcanica (III), while cluster I was related to the sub-lineages S. doiranica-S. balcanica (II) and S. balcanica (VI). Recently published haplotypes from the Croatian Sava (river Petrinjčica and Rijeka) and Drava (rivers Drava and Voćinska) basins, as well as Czech and Slovak individuals from the Danube and Tisza river basins were included. The River Drava showed the same population subdivision as the River Kutinska reka.

Slatkovodni hidrološki sustavi jugoistočnog slijeva Jadrana su nastanjeni brojnim endemičnim ribljim vrstama. Široko rasprostranjenih vrsta riba ima malo i većinom se radi o diadromnim vrstama. U ovim rijekama ribe se love u okviru sportskog i komercijalnog ribolova. Da bi se podstakao ribolov introducirane su brojne vrste riba. Doduše, one predstavljaju ozbiljnu opasnost za domaće ihtiopopulacije. U ovom radu prikazana je sadašnja situacija u slatkim vodama jugoistočnog slijeva Jadranskog mora, od slijeva Neretve do slijeva rijeke Vjosa u Albaniji. Podatke smo prikupili tjekom terenskog rada na ovom području te iz vjerodostojnih literarnih izvora. Pronašli smo ukupno 90 domaćih vrsta, od kojih su 64 endemične za ovu oblast, sedam su endemi šireg predjela Jadranskog sliva, a 19 su široko rasprostranjene vrste. Zabilježili smo ukupno 31 introduciranu vrstu. Najveći broj unesenih vrsta je pronadjen u najvećim sustavima i to: u sistavu Ohrid-Drim-Skadar, Prespansko jezero i rijeci Neretvi. Omjer izmedju broja unesenih i domaćih vrsta je najveći u malim izoliranim vodama kraških polja i u umjetnim akumulacijama. U nekim habitatima unesene su vrlo brojne vrste koje mogu predstavljati ozbiljnu opasnost po domaće vrste. Medjutim, do sada nema znanstvenih radova koji obrađuju utjecaj unesenih vrsta riba na domaće.

Morphological differences between females and males spined loaches belonging to five species from the Adriatic basin were examined. Besides the presence of the Canestrini scale and the length of the pectoral fins, sexual dimorphism is also visible in the position of the pectoral fins, as well as in the length of the pelvic fins. Both pectoral and pelvic fins are significantly longer in males than in females, whereas pectoral fins of females are located more anteriorly then in males. Differences in the length of pectoral and pelvic fins among species are also revealed. The role of the observed secondary sexual characters in males is probably connected with their special mating behavior. Furthermore, a hypothesis that habitat conditions have greater impact on body dimensions of females than males is proposed.

Based on investigations conducted in past years, the region of Balkans, and especially the area of the Adriatic watershed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina has been recognized as a diversity "hot spot" and a centre of endemism for the European spined loaches.

Vode Mostarskog blata pripadaju slivu rijeke Neretve s kojom su povezane podzemnim putem. Prema povijesnim podacima su vode Mostarskog blata bile naseljene prikancem (Phoxinellus pseudalepidotus), pastrvom (Salmo farioides), mekousnom pastrvom (Salmo obtusirostris) i jeguljom (Anguilla anguilla). Do sada nije obavljeno detaljno ihtiološko ispitivanje. U rujnu 2008. godine smo detaljno istražili vode Mostarskog blata gdje je obrađeno 30 lokaliteta. Utvrdili smo prisustvo osam vrsta riba: prikanac, vijun (Cobitis sp.), oštrulj (Aulopyge huegeli), američki somić (Ameiurus nebulosus), šaran (Cyprinus carpio), pastrva, dužičasta pastrva (Oncorhynchus mykkis) i američka zlatovčica (Salvelinus fontinalis). Najšire je rasprostranjen prikanac, koji naseljava sve vode izuzev izvornih dijelova manjih pritoka. Druga najrasprostranjenija riba je vijun. Naseljena je u umjetnim kanalima te donjem i srednjem toku rijeke Lištice. Ova vrsta ima specifične zahtjeve mikrohabitata. Potočna pastrva je rasprostranjena u gornjim i srednjim dijelovima rijeke Lištice i pritokama sa stalnim vodotokom i hladnom vodom. Od triju domaćih vrsta (pastrva, vijun i prikanac) su dvije vjerojatno endemi Mostarskog blata (vijun i prikanac). Šaran, oštrulj, američki somić, dužičasta pastrva i zlatovčica su unesene vrste. Ovo je drugi nalaz oštrulja izvan njegovog prirodnog areala, koji obuhvaća Duvanjsko, Glamočko, Livanjsko i Sinjsko polje i gornji dio sliva Krke. Sve unesene vrste su nađene vrlo rijetko i za sada izgleda, da ne predstavljaju opasnost za autohtone vrste. Oštrulj, američki somić i šaran se razmnožavaju samostalno, bez pomoći čovjeka. Dužičasta pastrva i zlatovčica ovisne su o introdukciji sportskih ribolovaca. U ovom radu predstavljamo po prvi put, podatke o nekim ekološkim karakteristikama endemičnih vrsta.

The objective of the study was to examine taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of spined loaches in Dalmatia.

Tijekom 2004. do 2008. godine istraženo je ukupno 66 lokaliteta u slijevu rijeke Neretve i okolnim kraškim poljima u Bosni i Hercegovini. Ukupno je utvrđeno prisustvo 36 ribljih vrsta, od kojih je 11 alohtonih. Nalaz slatkovodnih glavoča Knipowitschia croatica i Knipowitschia radovici je prvi nalaz ovih vrsta za Bosnu i Hercegovinu. Utvrdili smo znatno širu rasprostranjenost vijuna (Cobitis), nego što je to bilo do sada. Rezultati molekularno- genetskih analiza pokazuju kako neki taksoni iziskuju detaljnu taksonomsku reviziju. Negativni utjecaji čovjeka zapaženi su na više lokaliteta, a najvažniji od njih su fragmentiranje ekosistema, napose izgradnjom akumulacionih jezera i introduciranje alohtonih vrsta riba.

The Neratva river basin is known for the high diversity of endemic freshwater fishes. A single species of spined loach, Cobitis narentana, was recorded from this area. Data about its distribution are very scarce.Until now C. narentana had been recorded only from the main flow of the Neretva River in its middle and lower parts, including the delta and in the Matica River near Vrgorac.In July 2004, the inflows of the River Neretva and surrounding karstic fields were sampled, and new data on spined loaches in the area gathered. Spined loaches were also found in the Bregava and Trebišnjica River, Matica River in Imotsko polje, Lištica River in the Mostarsko blato and in Hutovo blato wetland. However, they were not found in karstic fields situated more westerly-Livanjsko, Duvanjsko, Kupreško and Glamočko polje. Surprisingly, study of mtDNA variability revealed that loaches from the Neretva basin do not form a monophyletic lineage, but two distinct evolutionary units within the Adriatic spine loach lineage.The indicates that the species diversity of spined loaches in the Neretva basin is underestimated and a detailed taxonomic study is needed to resolve this issue.

Prior to the present study, the gobiid biodiversity of the Adriatic Sea varied significantly between the northern (98% of the known Adriatic gobiid biodiversity) and central (89%) as compared to the southern Adriatic Sea (39%). Thirteen species are newly recorded for the southern Adriatic area and one for the central Adriatic. The relatively small collecting effort in this survey produced a large increase in the known gobiid biodiversity, which suggests that the low number of known Adriatic gobiid species in the southern Adriatic mirrors only sampling intensity and not the real species richness of the area. The gobiid zoogeography in the Adriatic is compared with that of the Mediterranean.

Dispersal of freshwater invertebrates is affected by many factors. Recently, human activities played a very important role in their dispersal. Among others, constructions of new shipping canals damages natural boundaries and the species can spread into new areas. This Master thesis deal with non-indigenous species P. coxalis s.l. On the genetic bases assess a possible dispersal routes into the Central Europe (and the Czech Republic), and phylogeography of this species in the Czech Republic. I amplified and sequenced DNA of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and 28S nuclear rDNA gene. 96 individuals from 27 localities in the Czech Republic were analyzed. I also included 40 sequences of the COI gene and 7 of the 28S gene from the GenBank database. In the Czech Republic, there are two different genealogic lineages of P. coxalis (with 6% genetic distance between sequences of the COI gene). The first lineage comes from recent invasion of this species from Mediterranean area (through Western invasion corridor and other shipping canals). The second lineage is probably indigenous in the area and it can probably be assigned to the subspecies P. coxalis septentrionalis. The results are discussed. Keywords: Proasellus coxalis s.l., COI, dispersal routes, phylogeography