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This study aimed to compare perception of nurses about missed care for the patients before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Jordan. It also examined how nurses differed in terms of the type of missed care and the factors that contributed to it before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, socio-demographic factors, including gender, educational level, length of clinical experience, work position, age, and type of shift, were examined to evaluate their association with missed nursing care.Missed nursing care refers to omission of any aspect of required patient care. Missed care lowers patient satisfaction and also leads to adverse hospital outcomes.We adopted a cross-sectional design among 260 nurses working in medical/surgical wards and intensive care units. Views of 130 nurses before COVID-19 were compared with views of 130 nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the Arabic version of the MISSCARE survey. Data were collected between November 2019 and May 2020.During COVID-19, nurses had significantly higher satisfaction levels and lower levels of absence and intention to leave than nurses before the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences were observed between nurses' perceptions of missed care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was observed that missed nursing care increased during COVID-19. The inadequate number of staff nurses was the main reason for missed care activities among both groups. Additionally, age and shift type were significantly associated with an increased reason for missed nursing care among both groups.Nurses reported higher satisfaction levels and fewer absences and planned departures during this period. Nurse managers should pay attention by maintaining high satisfaction levels and formulating appropriate policies to reduce missed care levels and thus improve patient care quality.

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common procedure that is considered cost-effective with excellent long-term survivorship. This cross-sectional study, which includes 118 selected patients in Jordan from January 2020 to January 2021, aims to assess health-related quality of life (HQOL), functional status, and associated factors before and after 3 to 12 months of TKR. Furthermore, several demographical factors were included in this study to evaluate the potential association with the procedure’s outcome. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale (WOMAC) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scale were used in this study. It was found that the main change occurred 6–12 months after the procedure. Gender and age were found to be the primary predictor of quality of life among TKR patients. Patients before the TKR procedure experienced severe pain, joint stiffness, physical impairment, and psychological demand issues. After the TKR procedure, all symptoms were improved significantly. The TKR procedure can improve the quality of life for patients, which can be detected for several months after the procedure. Function and pain are the most critical indicators of improvement in quality of life. Assessing the quality of life is a key indicator for identifying patients without improvement, as well as improving the health care process and comparing other alternative interventions.

Background Progress has been made in the reduction of morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer by the implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. This study aimed to assess the awareness of Palestinian women about HPV as well as their knowledge and acceptability of the HPV vaccine and to examine the factors associated with good awareness. Methods This was a national cross-sectional study. Adult women were recruited from hospitals, primary healthcare centers, and public spaces in 11 Palestinian governorates using convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. For each correctly answered question, one point was given. The total score was calculated and categorized into poor (0–10) and good awareness (11–21). Results The questionnaire was completed by 7223 women out of 8086 who were approached (response rate = 89.3%). A total of 7058 questionnaires were included in the final analysis; 4403 from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ) and 2655 from the Gaza Strip. Women recruited from the Gaza Strip were younger, getting lower monthly incomes, and with fewer chronic diseases than women recruited from the WBJ. Only 33 women (0.5%) displayed good awareness of HPV and its vaccine with 0.7% of women from WBJ and only 0.2% of women from the Gaza Strip. Completing post-secondary education, being employed or a student, and having a higher monthly income were associated with an increase in the likelihood of having good awareness. Among women who had heard of HPV (n = 571, 8.1%), only 46 women (8.1%) reported familiarity with its vaccine. Women from the WBJ were more likely than women from the Gaza Strip to have heard about the HPV vaccine (0.9% vs. 0.2%). Most women agreed to receive the HPV vaccine themselves or for their daughters if it was given without cost or with a co-payment. No differences were found in the likelihood of agreeing to receive the HPV vaccine among women in the WBJ versus the Gaza Strip. Conclusion The overall awareness of HPV and its vaccine was extremely low. Inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program could change this, especially as the HPV vaccine appeared to be acceptable.

Existential vacuum and psychological burnout are becoming increasingly important issues in healthcare professions, especially nursing. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of several demographic factors including gender, work position, experience, and educational level as well as existential vacuum and locus of control (external and internal) in predicting burnout among nurses. A convenience sample of 181 nurses was selected to represent the study sample. Participants were assessed using an existence scale, locus of control scale, and burnout scale. The study showed that 40.3% of nurses had severe existential vacuum. It was found that 93.9% of nurses had experienced a moderate level of burnout. External locus of control was the most common personality trait among participating nurses in this study. It also was found that existential vacuum and external locus of control were the main predictors of psychological burnout among nurses. The findings of our study highlight major problems facing nursing, such as existential vacuum and psychological burnout. It is recommended to enhance nurses’ workplace, provide proper psychological prevention programs, and teach advocacy skills.

Work alienation has a negative impact on nursing profession and may affect professional nursing development and willingness to learn during the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to explore the perceived levels of professional development, willingness to learn, and work alienation during this pandemic among nurses in Jordan. It also assessed the influence of work alienation and sociodemographic factors on readiness for professional development and willingness to learn. We used a cross-sectional correlation study design using the Arabic readiness for professional development and willingness to learn and work alienation scales among 328 nurses working in Jordan University Hospital, Amman-Jordan. Data were collected during the period of October and November 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean ± Standard deviation), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and regression analysis. The perceived levels of work alienation (3.12 ± 1.01) and readiness for professional development and willingness to learn (3.51 ± 0.43) among nurses were found to be at high levels during this era. Work alienation was negatively associated with readiness for professional development and willingness to learn (r = -0.54, p r = -0.16, p = 0.008). Results indicated that work alienation had a direct influence on readiness for professional development and willingness to learn among nurses (R2 = 0.287, p < 0.001). Work alienation among nurses seems to be increased during the pandemic and it has reduced their readiness for professional development and willingness to learn. Nurse managers at hospitals must assess the perceived level of work alienation among nurses annually and design appropriate counseling interventions programs to reduce their work alienation and increase their willingness to learn.

To explore the validity and reliability of the Missed Nursing Care Survey after translating it into the Arabic language.We employed a cross-sectional design. We recruited 260 Jordanian nurses, and data were collected between May and July 2020. Translation, acceptability, construct, convergent, discriminant validity and reliability were investigated.The factor analysis showed an adequate fit (three subscales) between the proposed missing care survey model and the observed data. This model reflected the survey's construct, convergent and discriminant validity, explaining 58.88% of the variance collectively. Confirmatory factor analyses showed adequate goodness-of-fit results (goodness of fit index = 0.91, comparative fit index = 0.94, increment fit index = 0.94, Tucker Lewis index = 0.92 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). The total Cronbach alpha and composite reliability achieved the criterion for all constructs in this survey.This Arabic version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey achieved the required level of validity and reliability. Measuring missed care and its reasons may help to improve quality of health services and assist nurse managers in designing appropriate interventions to reduce it. Adoption of culturally acceptable instruments by health-care policymakers may support patient safety.

The Existence Scale (ES) is a theory-based measure assessing personal fulfillment and finding meaning in life. This study aims to translate the ES into Arabic language and test its psychometric properties in Jordan populations. A methodological design was performed on a convenience sample of 551 participants by three samples of nurses, schoolteachers, and undergraduate students. Data collection was carried out between February and May 2019. Translation and back translation, face validity (Important Score>1.5), content validity ratio (CVR>0.62) and index (CVI/Ave>0.80), construct, convergent, and discriminant validity were obtained. Furthermore, Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and average variance extracted were investigated in this study. The results showed that five items were deleted based on content validity ratio and four items were deleted based on their low factor loading. The exploratory factor analysis showed four subscales for the translated ES (37 items), explaining 61.57% of the variance collectively. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the four subscales with acceptable goodness of fit indices. The result of the total Cronbach’s alpha for the ES was 0.93, and for subscales it ranged from 0.88 to 0.93. Composite reliability and average variance extracted results for the translated ES were supportive of the reliability. These results confirm that the translated Arabic version of the ES (37 items) in Jordan populations is acceptable regarding validity and reliability.

Objectives: to compare the perceived levels of job rotation, job satisfaction, and job conflict between two groups of nurses in Jordan, and to explore the differences between them. Moreover, several demographic factors were examined to investigate their association with job rotation approach in nurses who previously had job rotation experience. Method: a cross-sectional design with a total of 244 nurses: 122 nurses had experienced job rotation while 122 nurses never had experienced job rotation. The study was examined between January and February in the year of 2020. Job rotation scale, job satisfaction scale, and job conflict scale were used to assess the three variables. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance test were used to analyze significant differences between both selected groups. Results: statistical analysis indicated that nurses who underwent job rotation had significantly higher perceived levels of job rotation, job satisfaction, and lower level of job conflict compared to other nurses who did not experience job rotation. Moreover, gender, experience, and educational level were significantly associated with the perceived level of job rotation among nurses who had job rotation experience in Jordan. Job rotation was not found to be associated with marital status. Conclusions: job rotation approach is necessary to improve job satisfaction and reduce job conflict. Nursing directors should cooperate to apply nurses’ rotation approach at hospitals in order to increase job satisfaction and decrease the level of job conflict. RESUMO Objetivos: comparar a rotatividade no trabalho, o nível de satisfação e de conflito entre dois grupos de enfermeiros na Jordânia e explorar as diferenças entre eles. Vários fatores demográficos foram examinados para investigar a associação de conflito e satisfação com a rotatividade no trabalho. Método: delineamento transversal com um total de 244 enfermeiros: 122 enfermeiros experimentaram rodízio de funções e 122 enfermeiros nunca experimentaram rodízio de funções. O estudo foi examinado entre janeiro e fevereiro do ano de 2020. Escala de rotação de trabalho, escala de satisfação no trabalho e escala de conflito de trabalho foram utilizadas para avaliar as três variáveis. O teste t independente e o teste de análise de variância unilateral foram usados para analisar diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos selecionados. Resultados: a análise estatística indicou que os enfermeiros que realizaram rodízio de trabalho apresentaram níveis percebidos de rotação de trabalho, satisfação no trabalho e menor nível de conflito de trabalho significativamente maiores em comparação com outros enfermeiros que não passaram por rodízio de trabalho. Além disso, gênero, experiência e nível educacional foram significativamente associados ao nível percebido de rotação de empregos entre enfermeiros que tiveram experiência de rotação de empregos na Jordânia. A rotação de funções não foi associada ao estado civil Conclusões: a abordagem de rotação de trabalho é necessária para melhorar a satisfação no trabalho e reduzir os conflitos de trabalho. Os diretores de enfermagem devem cooperar para aplicar a abordagem de rotação dos enfermeiros nos hospitais, a fim de aumentar a satisfação no trabalho e diminuir o nível de conflito de trabalho. RESUMEN Objetivos: comparar los niveles percibidos de rotación laboral, satisfacción laboral y conflicto laboral entre dos grupos de enfermeros en Jordania y explorar las diferencias entre ellos. Además, se examinaron varios factores demográficos para investigar su asociación con el enfoque de rotación laboral en enfermeros que anteriormente tenían experiencia en rotación laboral. Método: diseño transversal que contó con un total de 244 enfermeros: 122 enfermeros habían experimentado rotación laboral mientras que 122 enfermeros nunca habían experimentado rotación laboral. El estudio se examinó entre enero y febrero del año 2020. Se utilizaron la escala de rotación laboral, la escala de satisfacción laboral y la escala de conflicto laboral para evaluar las tres variables. Se utilizaron la prueba t independiente y la prueba de análisis de varianza unidireccional para analizar las diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos seleccionados. Resultados: el análisis estadístico indicó que las enfermeros que se sometieron a rotación laboral tenían niveles significativamente más altos de rotación laboral, satisfacción laboral y menor nivel de conflicto laboral en comparación con otras enfermeras que no experimentaron rotación laboral. Además, el género, la experiencia y el nivel educativo se asociaron significativamente con el nivel percibido de rotación laboral entre los enfermeros que tenían experiencia en rotación laboral en Jordania. No se encontró que la rotación de trabajos estuviera asociada con el estado civil. Conclusiones: el enfoque de rotación laboral es necesario para mejorar la satisfacción laboral y reducir los conflictos laborales. Los directores de enfermería deben cooperar para aplicar el enfoque de rotación de enfermeros en los hospitales a fin de aumentar la satisfacción laboral y disminuir el nivel de conflicto laboral.

"Background: Timely presentation and diagnosis of cervical cancer (CC) are crucial to decrease its mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries like Palestine. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Palestinian women about CC warning signs and determine the factors associated with good knowledge. Methods: This was a national cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 in Palestine. Stratified convenience sampling was used to recruit adult women from hospitals, primary healthcare centers, and public spaces of 11 governorates. A translated-into-Arabic version of the validated CC awareness measure (CeCAM) was used to assess women’s knowledge of 12 CC warning signs. Results: Of 8086 approached, 7223 participants completed the CeCAM (response rate = 89.3%). A total of 7058 questionnaires were included in the analysis: 2655 from the Gaza Strip and 4403 from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ). The median age [interquartile range] for all participants was 34.0 [24.0, 42.0] years. Participants recruited from the WBJ were older, getting higher monthly income, and having more chronic diseases than those recruited from the Gaza Strip. The most frequently identified warning sign was ‘vaginal bleeding after menopause’ (n = 5028, 71.2%) followed by ‘extreme generalized fatigue’ (n = 4601, 65.2%) and ‘unexplained weight loss’ (n = 4578, 64.9%). Only 1934 participants (27.4%) demonstrated good knowledge of CC warning signs. Participants from the Gaza Strip were slightly more likely than participants from the WBJ to have a good level of knowledge. Factors associated with having good knowledge included having a bachelor or postgraduate degree, being married, divorced, or widowed as well as knowing someone with cancer. Conclusion: The overall awareness of CC warning signs was low. Educational interventions are needed to increase Palestinian women’s awareness of CC warning signs. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Early detection, Survival, Symptom, Warning sign, wareness, Knowledge, Early presentation, Palestine" "الخلفية: يعد تشخيص سرطان عنق الرحم وتشخيصه في الوقت المناسب أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لتقليل معدل الوفيات خاصة في البلدان المنخفضة والمتوسطة الدخل مثل فلسطين. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم معرفة النساء الفلسطينيات بعلامات التحذير الخاصة بسرطان عنق الرحم وتحديد العوامل المرتبطة بالمعرفة الجيدة. الطرق: كانت هذه دراسة مقطعية وطنية أجريت بين تموز 2019 وآذار 2020 في فلسطين. تم استخدام عينات من النساء البالغات من المستشفيات ومراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية والأماكن العامة في 11 محافظة. تم استخدام نسخة مترجمة إلى العربية من مقياس الوعي (CeCAM) الذي تم التحقق من صحته لتقييم معرفة النساء بـ 12 علامة تحذير من سرطان عنق الرحم. النتائج: أكمل 7223 مشاركًا CeCAM (معدل الاستجابة = 89.3 ٪). تم تضمين ما مجموعه 7058 استبانة في التحليل: 2655 من قطاع غزة و 4403 من الضفة الغربية والقدس. كان المشاركون من الضفة الغربية و القدس أكبر سناً ، ويحصلون على دخل شهري أعلى ، ولديهم أمراض مزمنة أكثر من أولئك الذين من قطاع غزة. كانت علامة التحذير الأكثر تحديدًا هي ""النزيف المهبلي بعد انقطاع الطمث"" (العدد = 5028 ، 71.2٪) يليه ""التعب الشديد العام"" (العدد = 4601 ، 65.2٪) و ""فقدان الوزن غير المبرر"" (العدد = 4578 ، 64.9٪) . أظهر 1934 مشاركًا (27.4 ٪) معرفة جيدة بعلامات التحذير من سرطان عنق الرحم. كان احتمال حصول المشاركين من قطاع غزة على مستوى جيد من المعرفة أكثر بقليل من المشاركين من الضفة الغربية. تشمل العوامل المرتبطة بالحصول على معرفة جيدة الحصول على درجة البكالوريوس أو الدراسات العليا ، والحالة الاجتماعية وكذلك معرفة شخص مصاب بالسرطان. الخلاصة: كان الوعي العام بعلامات التحذير من سرطان عنق الرحم منخفضًا. هناك حاجة إلى تدخلات تثقيفية لزيادة وعي المرأة الفلسطينية بعلامات التحذير من سرطان عنق الرحم. "

"Background: High awareness of cervical cancer (CC) risk factors is important to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with CC. This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of Palestinian women about CC risk factors and to determine the factors associated with good knowledge. Methods: This was a national cross-sectional study. Adult women from hospitals, primary healthcare centers, and public spaces of 11 governorates in Palestine were recruited using a stratified convenience sampling. A translated-into-Arabic version of the validated CC awareness measure (CeCAM) was used to assess the knowledge about the 11 CC risk factors. For each correctly identified risk factor, the participant was given one point. The total score was calculated and was categorized into three categories: poor knowledge (0–3), fair knowledge (4–7), and good knowledge (8–11). Results: A total of 7223 participants completed the Arabic CeCAM (response rate = 89.3%) and 7058 questionnaires were included in the final analysis: 2655 from the Gaza Strip and 4403 from the West Bank and Jerusalem. Participants recruited from the Gaza Strip were younger, getting lower monthly incomes, and with less chronic diseases than participants recruited from the West Bank and Jerusalem. The most frequently identified risk factor was ‘having a weakened immune system’ (n = 5458, 77.3%) followed by ‘infection with a sexually transmitted infection’ (n = 5388, 76.3%). The least identified risk factor was ‘having many children’ (n = 1597, 22.6%). Only 1670 women (23.7%) had good knowledge of CC risk factors. Women living in the Gaza Strip were more likely than women living in the West Bank and Jerusalem to have good knowledge (25.2% vs 22.7%). Completing a secondary or diploma degree, being employed, and having a monthly income of ≥ 1450 NIS (around $450) were all associated with lower likelihood of having good knowledge of CC risk factors. Conversely, knowing someone with cancer was associated with higher likelihood of having good knowledge. Conclusion: The overall awareness of CC risk factors was low. There is a substantial need to establish educational programs to promote Palestinian women’s awareness of CC." "خلفية البحث: الوعي العالي بعوامل الخطر لسرطان عنق الرحم مهم لتقليل نسبة المرض والوفيات المرتبطة بسرطان عنق الرحم. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مستوى معرفة النساء الفلسطينيات حول عوامل خطر الإصابة بسرطان عنق الرحم وتحديد العوامل المرتبطة بالمعرفة الجيدة. منهجية البحث: كانت هذه دراسة مقطعية وطنية. تم اختيار المشاركات في هذا البحث من النساء البالغات و تم جمع البيانات من النساء من المستشفيات ومراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية والأماكن العامة في 11 محافظة في فلسطين باستخدام عينة ملائمة طبقية. تم استخدام نسخة مترجمة إلى العربية من مقياس الوعي لسرطان عنق الرحم (CeCAM) لتقييم المعرفة حول عوامل الخطر ذات العلاقة بسرطان عنق الرحم. لكل عامل خطر تم تحديده بشكل صحيح ، تم إعطاء المشارك نقطة واحدة. تم حساب النتيجة الإجمالية وتم تصنيفها إلى ثلاث فئات: ضعف المعرفة (0-3) ، ومتوسطة (4-7) ، والمعرفة الجيدة (8-11). النتائج: أكمل ما مجموعه 7223 مشاركًا اختبار CeCAM باللغة العربية (معدل الاستجابة = 89.3٪) وتم تضمين 7058 استبيانًا في التحليل النهائي: 2655 من قطاع غزة و 4403 من الضفة الغربية والقدس. كان المشاركون من قطاع غزة أصغر سناً, ويحصلون على دخل شهري أقل ، ولديهم أمراض مزمنة أقل من المشاركين من الضفة الغربية والقدس. كان عامل الخطر الأكثر تحديدًا هو ""ضعف الجهاز المناعي"" (العدد = 5458 ، 77.3٪) متبوعًا بـ ""الإصابة بعدوى تنتقل عن طريق الاتصال الجنسي"" (العدد = 5388 ، 76.3٪). كان عامل الخطر الأقل تحديدًا هو ""إنجاب العديد من الأطفال"" (العدد = 1597 ، 22.6٪). فقط 1670 امرأة (23.7٪) لديهن معرفة جيدة بعوامل خطر الإصابة بالسكري. كانت النساء اللواتي يعشن في قطاع غزة أكثر عرضة من النساء في الضفة الغربية والقدس للحصول على معرفة جيدة (25.2٪ مقابل 22.7٪). إن إكمال الشهادة الثانوية أو الدبلوم ، والتوظيف ، والحصول على دخل شهري قدره 1450 شيكل إسرائيلي جديد (حوالي 450 دولارًا) ، كلها مرتبطة بانخفاض احتمالية امتلاك معرفة جيدة بعوامل خطر الإصابة بسرطان عنق الرحم. على العكس من ذلك ، ارتبطت معرفة شخص مصاب بالسرطان بارتفاع احتمالية امتلاك معرفة جيدة. الخلاصة: كان الوعي العام لعوامل الخطر ذات العلاقة بسرطان عنق الرحم منخفض. هناك حاجة جوهرية لإنشاء برامج تثقيفية لتعزيز وعي النساء الفلسطينيات ببرنامج سرطان عنق الرحم."

Additional file 2.

Nurses are facing real stressors due to patients’ needs and leaders’ demands. The aim of this study is to explore the perceived level of core self-evaluation (CSE), leader empowering behavior (LEB), and job security among Jordan University Hospital nurses in Amman, the capital of Jordan. Furthermore, it investigates the relationship between the selected variables. Differences of gender, educational level, experience, and site of work are also examined with job security. Moreover, it evaluates the contribution of CSE, LEB, gender, educational level, experience, and site of work in predicting job security among Jordan University Hospital nurses. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for this study. A convenience sample of 214 nurses from Jordan University Hospital was completed the CSE scale, LEB scale, and job security scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise regression were used to analyze the results. The results indicate that job security is found to be at high level, whereas LEB and CSE are found to be at moderate levels among nurses. Significant positive relationships are found between CSE, LEB, and job security. Male nurses and medical/surgical floors reported higher levels of job security than female nurses and intensive care units. Finally, the results show that LEB and gender are significant predictors of job security among nurses. We suggest that managers of nurses should apply leadership behaviors in order to increase their job security and career empowerment.

Background The nursing profession still needs more attention from decision-makers to enhance satisfaction and commitment in the work environment. Aims and objectives This study aims to explore the perceived level of job rotation, job satisfaction, job commitment, job turnover and job conflict among nurses who previously had job rotation experience in Jordan. The study also investigates the correlation between studied variables and job rotation approach based on the type of hospitals. Furthermore, it also evaluates the contribution of job rotation, job commitment and many demographic factors in predicting job satisfaction among nurses who had job rotation experience in Jordan. Design The study adopted the cross-sectional survey design of the correlational type. Methods The study was performed on a stratified convenience sample of 786 nurses from five hospitals in Jordan. The scales used to explore the perceived level of studied variables were obtained from previously published studies, translated to Arabic language and then checked for validity and reliability before being used. Results Results show that job rotation, job satisfaction, job commitment, job turnover and job conflict are all found to be at high levels. Job rotation approach among nurses seems necessary since job satisfaction and job commitment are positively correlated with job rotation. Also, job commitment, job rotation and gender are identified as significant predictors of job satisfaction among nurses in Jordan. Conclusion Nurses who experienced job rotation are found have high levels of job satisfaction and job commitment. However, job turnover is also found to be at high level which should be emphasised. Nurse leaders are advised to apply the job rotation approach by moving nurses between different departments in a planned manner to increase the level of job satisfaction and job commitment.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head following slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a serious complication that often leads to a permanent disability. Radiological findings of AVN may take up to two years to become apparent. This means painful waiting for children, parents, and treating teams. We would like to describe a new radiological sign that we noted in four patients. The sign has been named as the crescent moon sign or eid crescent sign. It may become visible as early as six weeks following surgery, and it carries a good prognosis that the femoral head is viable and will not develop AVN. Two out of the four patients were treated in our hospital by Ganz surgical dislocation. The other two patients had been featured in other publications, but the significance of the moon crescent signs, which were present, was not recognized or appreciated. All four patients did not develop AVN. A relatively similar radiological sign has been described in talus bone fractures (Hawkins' sign). Like SCFE, talus bone fractures have a high AVN rate. Both, the crescent moon sign and Hawkins' sign carry a good prognosis and indicate that the bone blood supply is restored.

(1) Background: Workplace violence among healthcare providers (HCPs) is a tangible barrier to patient care. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into physicians’ and nurses’ perceptions of workplace violence and their perceptions of communication skills during the COVID-19 health emergency. We also sought to assess and compare the association between types of workplace violence, communication skills, and several sociodemographic factors of physicians and nurses including gender, marital status, site of work, age, and educational level during this era. (2) Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a selected hospital in Jordan using the Arabic version of the workplace violence and communication skills scales for September to November 2020. We included a total of 102 physicians and 190 nurses via a self-reported questionnaire. (3) Results: During the COVID-19 health emergency, physicians (48%) experienced workplace violence more than nurses (31.6%). More than two-thirds of the participants did not formally report any type of violence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, gender, age, site of work, educational levels, and communication skills were associated with different types of violence among the two samples. (4) Conclusions: A high prevalence of workplace violence is noted among HCPs in Jordan compared with before the pandemic, which highlights the importance of promoting public awareness during crises.

Aim of the studyThis study was conducted to evaluate burnout among nurses and teachers in Jordan, and to explore the differences between them. Several demographic factors were examined to evaluate their effect on burnout levels in both professionsSubject or material and methodsThis study adopts the descriptive cross sectional design and was performed on 240 total participants; 120 nurses and 120 teachers. A modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (Modified-MBI) was used to assess the three dimensions of burnout.ResultsThe results of this study showed moderate levels of burnout among both nurses and teachers; however statistical analysis indicated that nurses had significantly higher level of burnout than teachers. Moreover, this study showed that sex, marital status and experience significantly affected the level of burnout in teachers but not in nurses. Educational level did not affect the level of burnout in either groupDiscussionThe results will be discussed according to the study questions.ConclusionsThis study should help in setting proper intervention plans and psychological programs to tackle this important problem

Introduction Pediatric nursing students are expected to work hard to help children realize their full potential by giving care, knowing their growth process, and being responsive to their needs. Students should be able to communicate effectively and solve problems. Nurses who care for pediatric patients experience compassion fatigue as well as moderate to severe levels of work-related stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise on anxiety among nursing students during pediatric nursing clinical training. Methods A quasi-experimental, pre-post study was conducted in the faculty of nursing at the Arab American University/Palestine. The sample of the study consists of 60 nursing students enrolled in the pediatric nursing course were selected through convenience sampling. This study was conducted on one group of nursing students that received Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation exercise for five consecutive days per week for two weeks before entering the clinical environment. The S-anxiety scale (STAI Form Y-1) was applied to collect data before and after the intervention. Results The magnitude of anxiety after the progressive muscle relaxation exercise was greater reduced than before (t (59) = 21.1, P Conclusion The study findings indicated the positive influence of progressive muscle relaxation exercise on nursing students’ anxiety levels in pediatric clinical settings. As a result, it is recommended that teaching programs on this approach be conducted for nursing students at nursing schools prior to the commencement of pediatric clinical practice in order to lessen anxiety.

Objective: Pediatric patients are considered at risk for Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) complications more than adults. This study aimed to assess the level of mothers’ knowledge of PIVC maintenance, caring, and complications among pediatric patients. It was also aimed to investigate the association between maintenance and complication knowledge of PIVC. Furthermore, demographic factors were investigated to assess associations on mothers’ knowledge of PIVC.Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional design. This study was performed on a convenience sample of 193 mothers from a tertiary hospital in Jordan in 2020.Results: Mothers’ knowledge regarding complications was higher than their knowledge of maintenance and caring of PIVC. Mothers’ knowledge toward caring for PIVC was positively correlated with their knowledge about PIVC complications. Mothers’ age and the number of hospital admissions were found to be significantly associated with the level of maintenance and caring knowledge of PIVC but not with complication knowledge of PIVC. The higher the educational level of a mother the less prone she is to complications of PIVC in pediatric patients.Conclusions: It is recommended that health professionals working in pediatric engage mothers in educational sessions to improve maintenance, care, and to prevent complications of PIVC among pediatric patients.

Human factors and systems factors can affect surgical performance, including the operating room (OR) environment, teamwork and communication, technology and equipment, tasks and workload factors, and organizational variables. Patient safety is a new healthcare discipline that emphasizes the reporting, analysis, and prevention of medical errors that often lead to adverse healthcare events. We are highlighting a potential error and hazardous situation, which may occur due to the difficulty in reading the embossed letters of some ampoules because of the typeface of these ampoules. This problem is particularly important in the ORs, which require special sterile conditions. We are adding a simple step to help in the differentiation between plastic, embossed ampoules. This simple and easy-to-do step makes it possible for accurate and correct identification, without jeopardizing the safety of the patients and health care professionals.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of self-evaluation, professional status and several demographic factors in predicting burnout among nurses in Jordan. This study was performed on a stratified convenience sample of 350 nurses from 6 hospitals. Modified versions of burnout inventory, self-evaluation scale, and professional status scale were developed, validated and used in this study. Burnout, self-evaluation, and professional status are all found to be at moderate levels. Furthermore, self-evaluation and professional status are found to be important predictors of burnout. On the other hand, although type of hospital and educational level are found to be associated with the level of burnout, overall none of the studied demographic factors was found to be a significant predictor of burnout among nurses in Jordan.

This paper attempts to delineate the frameworks of learner-centered vis-a-vis teacher-centered processes of learning prevalent in the second decade of the twenty-first century. It defines the pedagogical changes that have emerged due tothe development of delivery technologies, and the interrelations among teachers, students, and knowledge. The paper clarifies the following frameworks of learning approaches: learner-centered yet teacher-determined pre-web pedagogy, the multi-directed web 1.0 learning (andragogy), the learner-determined web 2.0 learning (heutagogy), and the network-directed web 3.0 learning (paragogy). The difference between the pedagogy and andragogy paradigms is succinctly that the first is child-centered, while the second is adult-centered. The difference between the heutagogy and paragogy paradigms is a matter of degree of maturity and autonomy, as well as self-direction versus instructor-control. Paragogy requires more autonomy and self-direction. A study conducted at Philadelphia UniversityJordan, revealed that 62% of faculty members surveyed considered themselves performing the role of andragogy (Teacher Multi-directed Adult Learning paradigm), 21% appeared to perform that of the pedagogy paradigm (preweb or Teacher Uni-directed Student Learning paradigm), while 12% said that they perform the role of heutagogy (Selfdirected Learning paradigm), and 5% that of paragogy (Network-directed Learning paradigm). This paper also tries to outline the basic theories of connectedness and collaboration, as well as the four stages of development of the learning processes, ranging from pre-web learning styles (comprising traditional, radio learning. Video books, and computer– assisted learning styles), web 1.0 (including electronic and blended learning styles), web 2.0 (making mobile and ubiquitous learning styles possible), and web 3.0 (facilitating the pervasive learning style). It describes the impact of new social software technologies upon teacher-knowledge, learner-knowledge, teacher–learner relations, and social networking. The main contribution of this paper is one of awareness that the traditional role of faculty members operating in pre-web content-based situations has become obsolete and improper. It clarifies the frameworks of selfdetermined life-long learning that made educational institutions redefine the packages of services they offer, and procure the infrastructure required to perform their duties in the current digital age. Redefinition of pedagogy to meet requirements of the twenty-first century students seems to be a must, and should form an integral part of any professional