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Flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a major cash crop in Yunnan, China, and the yield, chemical components, and their proportions decide the quality of tobacco leaves. To understand the effects of environmental factors (soil and climatic factors) on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and determine the main regulating factors, we selected three flue-cured tobacco cultivars [K326, Yunyan87 (Yun87), and Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda)] grown in the Honghe Tobacco Zone. Indices related to yield and economic traits, chemical component properties, soil physical and chemical properties, and climatic factors at different planting sites, were evaluated. We used variance analysis, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) in this study. The results showed that the yield and chemical component properties of flue-cured tobacco, except for the number of left leaves and plant total sugar (PTS) content, were significantly correlated with climatic factors. Particularly, the yield increased in drier and sunnier weather. In terms of the carbon supply capacity, PTS, petroleum ether (PPE), and starch contents (PS) were higher under high-altitude and high-latitude climatic conditions, whereas for the nitrogen supply capacity, plant nitrogen (PTN) and nicotine (PN) contents improved under low-altitude and low-latitude climatic conditions. PTS, reducing sugar (PRS), potassium (PTK), chlorine (PCL), and PPE contents were negatively related to soil clay content, soil pH, and soil organic matter, whereas PRS and PTK contents were positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN). According to RDA, the soil clay, AN, available phosphorus (AP), and soil chlorine content (SCL) strongly affected the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The quality of the K326 and Yun87 cultivars was mostly influenced by moisture, whereas the quality of the Hongda cultivar was mostly affected by temperature. In conclusion, compared with soil properties, climatic factors more significantly affect the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Based on the software-defined network architecture, this paper classifies and uniformly describes the basic state of the network in the SDN network. And on the basis of analyzing the basic state of the network, combined with deep learning technology, we proposed an algorithm model based on deep learning to perceive the basic state of the network and accurately predict the network delay. Based on the analysis of related theories, this paper proposes an intelligent perception model GGAE for the SDN network delay based on the graph neural network by combining the autoencoder into a neural network RouteNet, which is based on the message passing neural network (MPNN).

This work is mainly based on the research of virtual pottery teaching environment based on gesture interaction. A set of virtual pottery gesture recognition library is developed through Leap Motion equipment research.

Face detection has been made insufficient progress in the VR games field, due to the lack of database of VR games. In available technology of face detection, specifically for the uncovered facial occlusion, mainly relies on the eyes features to detect faces. However, it does not work to detect a face when the face has facial occlusion. Therefore, it needs to train a model with a neural network to detect faces. In this paper, we released a face detection dataset for VR games. At the same time, a training model of face detection in the VR game will also be released. It can be checked on the GitHub: https://github.com/whitstar007/YOLO-v5-Face-Detection-in-VR-Game.

Virtual Reality (VR) has been developed dramatically in recent years due to its benefits of providing an engaging and immersive environment. The objective of this study was to collect and critically analyze wearable sensors and equipment used in VR games, aiming at classifying wearable sensors according to the player’s key needs and the characteristics of the VR game. The review is organized according to three perspectives: the player’s needs, the player mode and the functional sensor modularization in a VR game. Our review work is useful for both researchers and educators to develop/integrate wearable sensors and equipment for improving a VR game player’s performance.

[Objective] To determine the effect of microbial fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer on the chemical composition content of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [Method] Before planting the flue-cured tobacco, the local conventional fertilizer varieties and microbial fertilizer were applied to tobacco pond annular hole according to the conventional dosage. The experiment has four groups with different treatments, namely T1: without any fertilization; T2: 4 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, applying humic acid organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with 50 g/plant when planting tobacco; T3: reducing the total amount of conventional fertilization by 50%, and applying 80 g/plant of microbial fertilizer; T4: applying only 80 g/plant of microbial fertilizer. The trial adopted a randomized block design, with 3 replicates for each treatment. After the tobacco leaves were harvested and cured at the maturity stage, 5 kg of the lower (X2F), middle (C3F) and upper (B2F) first-cured samples were taken for chemical composition determination and analysis. [Results] The results show that T3 treatment can effectively increase the total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, and chlorine content in X2F, C3F, and B2F grade tobacco leaves, which ratios are between 20.10% ∼ 21.03% and 18.90% ∼ 19.90%, 2.68% ∼ 3.26%, 2.28% ∼ 3.15%, 2.21% ∼ 2.50%, 0.56% ∼ 0.72%, meeting the production standards of high-quality tobacco. Secondly, T4 treatment can significantly improve the sugar-alkali ratio, nitrogen-alkali ratio, and potassium-chloride ratio of X2F grade tobacco leaves, and it can improve the sugar-nitrogen ratio of C3F and B2F grade tobacco leaves, but the effect is not significant; T3 treatment has a significant effect on B2F grade tobacco. The nitrogen-nitrogen ratio of tobacco leaves has a significant effect on improving the sugar-nine ratio, potassium-chloride ratio and the sugar-nitrogen ratio of X2F ∼ B2F grade tobacco leaves, but the effect has not reached a significant level. [Conclusion] Microbial fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer can improve the content of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco. On the whole, the application effect of T3 treatment is better, that is, the application effect of 80 g/plant microbial fertilizer and 50% reduction of conventional chemical fertilizer is more ideal.

Gleditsia Sinensis Lam is a kind of legume perennial woody plant, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with high economic and ecological value. Its planting area is about 0.1 million ha. In July 2018, symptoms of stem blight were observed on G. sinensis in An shun (26.072311°N, 106.097433°E), Guizhou province (southwestern China). Symptoms included stem canker and dieback, twig blight and extensive vascular discoloration, with incidence rate of 45 to 70%. Samples from plants with symptoms were washed with running tap water, surface sterilized with 2% sodium hypochlorite and then 75% ethanol, rinsed in sterile distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28°C. Fungal isolates developed copious white aerial mycelium that became dark grey after four to five days, and formed black pycnidia after 23 days. Single hyphal tip cultures of putative 27 isolates were stored in the culture collection (CMW) of the Urban Modern Agriculture Engineering Research Center at the Kunming University. Conidia forming on pycnidia were one-celled, hyaline, aseptate, and fusiform, with dimensions of 20.3-25.9 μm x 4.2-6.5 μm (average 22.5 x 5.5 μm) (sixty conidia were measured). DNA sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1-5.8S-ITS4, β-tubulin, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) were performed. BLAST searches at GenBank showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity with Botryosphaeria dothidea reference sequence (ITS: >99.82%, KR708996; EF1-α: 99.62%, KP183214; β-tubulin: > 99.67%, KU306116). Representative sequences of isolates from these regions were deposited in GenBank (ITS: Accession No. MT449017; EF1-α: Accession No. MT454342; β-tubulin: Accession No. MT454343). Morphological and molecular results confirmed this species as B. dothidea (Aguirre et al. 2018). Pathogenicity tests were conducted by stem inoculation of two-year-old G. sinensis seedlings. Mycelial plugs (2-3 mm in diameter) from actively growing colonies of B. dothidea (PDA) were applied to same-size bark wounds on the middle point of the stems. Inoculated wounds were wrapped with Parafilm. Control seedlings received sterile PDA plugs. Inoculated and control seedlings (9 each), and kept in the greenhouse (28℃, 80% humidity); After 10 days, all of the inoculated plants showed dark vascular stem tissue, and the controls remained healthy. After 30 days, all of the inoculated but none of the control G. sinensis seedlings showed leaf wilting and tissue discoloration. B. dothidea was re-isolated from symptomatic tissues, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. No symptoms were visible in the control seedlings, and no B. dothidea was re-isolated from the control seedlings tissues. B. dothidea is a member of Botryosphaeriaceae, commonly associated with cankers and dieback of woody plants. B. dothidea has been reported as a pathogen causing stem dieback and branch canker on Malosma laurina (Aguirre et al. 2018), Helwingia chinensis (Yu et al. 2012), and blueberry (Choi 2011; Yu et al. 2012). To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea on G. sinensis in China.

The complete coding sequence of one tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) gene, ascorbate oxidase (AO), was isolated by the application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The tobacco AO gene consists of a 1722-bp open reading frame and encodes a protein of 573 amino acids. Sequence comparison analysis revealed that the tobacco AO protein shares high homology with the AO proteins of Lycopersicon esculentum (89%), Populus trichocarpa (75%), soybean (74%), castor bean (73%) and peach (73%). The prediction of transmembrane helices showed that tobacco AO might be a transmembrane protein. The expression profile was studied and the results indicated that the tobacco AO gene was diversely expressed in different tobacco tissues, including leaves, stem, roots and flowers. Our experiment laid the grounds for further research on this tobacco gene.

The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has defined the mission of educating people for our educators. The style of study reflects the education philosophy, culture and spirit of a university from the inside to the outside. Starting from the present situation and existing problems of the construction of the style of study in colleges and universities in the new period, this paper puts forward some recommendations for the construction of the style of study in colleges and universities in the new period.

Sponge city construction, as an important measure of ecological construction in China, can effectively solve a series of problems such as large annual runoff, serious non-point source pollution, regional water shortage, low utilization rate of rain and flood resources, unsustainable ecological benefits of water landscape and poor landscape functions in urbanization construction. This paper uses LID concept to construct sponge city in the old urban area of Kunming, to reduce the total runoff and promote the utilization of rainfall and flood resources so as to rebuild, upgrade and optimize the regional environment and provide some reference for the regional construction of small-scale sponge city.

N 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4 are important greenhouse gases (GHGs) in paddy fields, and rice plants play an important role in GHG emissions in paddy fields. However, the relationship between light and rice plant GHG emissions is unclear. In this study, we monitored N 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4 emissions of mature aging rice under different light qualities and intensities. The results showed that (i) under natural sunlight, the rice phyllosphere N 2 O emission rate was 22.94 μg pot-super-–1 h-super-–1, accounting for 60% of the whole rice plant total N 2 O‐N evaporation loss. The CO 2 emission rates from the phyllosphere and the root system were 27.82 mg pot-super-–1 h-super-–1 and 8.02 mg pot-super-–1 h-super-–1, respectively. However, no CH 4 net emission effects were observed. (ii) Under a constant LED monocolor light intensity (1600 Lux), red, blue, and white light can inhibit N 2 O and CO 2 emissions from the rice phyllosphere, resulting in lower emissions than yellow light. White light can also inhibit N 2 O and CO 2 emissions from rice roots. (iii) Within the range of 0‒6000 Lux, increases in light intensity can reduce rice phyllosphere CO 2 emissions, but such increases also promote N 2 O emissions from the rice phyllosphere and the roots. In contrast, natural sunlight can promote rice phyllosphere N 2 O and CO 2 emissions and can inhibit root N 2 O emissions. The measure of light control may be the key to low‐carbon technology for GHG emission reductions in mature paddy ecosystems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Some advanced defogging algorithms can reconstruct most details of the image, but cause color anomaly, which is too saturated or seriously distorted in some local areas in the restored image. In this paper, we present a new framework for image defogging using step estimation of transmissivity. Firstly, we capitalize a binary tree algorithm to segment image successively and utilize the small image blocks after every iteration as the effective area to estimate the atmospheric light. Second, we set a threshold to separate the image into two parts: bright and dark region. For the dark region of the image, we calculated transmissivity on the basis of the dark channel prior and obtain adaptive transmissivity estimation in the bright region. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively solve halo and color distortion after defogging.

To quantitatively analyze main figure, field, agency and level of sponge city research in China, and clear research focus and hot spot in each year, by using the Full Text Database of Chinese Sci-tech Periodicals and other retrieval tools, the statistics and analysis of 3152 research literatures on sponge city published in domestic academic journals of 2004-2016 are conducted based on bibliometrics. It is found that since the concept of “sponge city” was firstly proposed in 2012, development research of sponge city involves 40 subject fields and is mainly published in 32 kinds of journals, which is dominated by natural science research (1427 literatures). Researchers are mainly from each college and university, some design institutes and Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research could play certain guidance significance for further research and construction of ecological city construction in China.

Through exploring the material and nonmaterial cultural resources in leisure agriculture of Sani People in Shilin of Yunnan Province, this paper introduced festivals, marriage, traditional clothing, and food culture of Sani People, and present the long history and brilliant culture of Sani People. These culture resources could be used to expand the cultural aspects of leisure agriculture, to solve the problems of low participation and less distinct characteristics. This study can provide a reference for building the high-end leisure agriculture with distinct characteristics of Yunnan Province, to form a new growth point for regional growth.

London plane tree (Platanus × acerifolia) is an ornamental plant species of urban environments, and is widely planted in China and many other countries. In August 2014, symptoms of stem blight were observed on P. × acerifolia in Kunming, Yunnan province (southwestern China). Symptoms included stem dieback, and branch blight. The inner bark and the cambial region of the affected tissue were discoloured bluish gray; from 10 to 15% of trees were damaged. Samples from plants with symptoms were washed with running tap water, surface sterilised with 2% sodium hypochlorite and then 70% ethanol, rinsed in sterile distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28°C. Fungal isolates developed copious white aerial mycelium that became dark grey after 4 to 6 days, and formed black pycnidia after 25 days. Conidia forming on PDA were one-celled, fusiform to ellipsoidal, externally smooth and thin walled, with dimensions of 16.0-23.0 x 5.2-7.8 (average 18.5 x 5.7 μm). Identity was confirmed by an...