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BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) needs to be further stratified. In addition to leukemia cells, immune cells in tumor microenvironment participate in tumor initiation, growth and progression. Interleukins (ILs)/interleukin receptors (ILRs) interaction plays important roles in the antitumor immune response. IL7R is reported to be relevant to prognosis in solid tumor and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the prognostic significance of IL7R in t(8;21) AML remains to be clarified.MethodsBone marrows collected from 156 newly diagnosed t(8;21) AML patients were used for testing IL7R transcript level by TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), and RNAseq were performed in 15 of them. Moreover, IL7R expression at diagnosis were measured by RQ-PCR and flow cytometry (FCM) simultaneously in other 13 t(8;21) AML patients.Resultst(8;21) AML patients had varied IL7R transcript levels and were categorized into low-expression (IL7R-L) and high-expression (IL7R-H) groups; IL7R-L was significantly associated with a lower relapse-free survival (RFS) rate (P=0.0027) and KITD816/D820 mutation (P=0.0010). Furthermore, IL7R-L was associated with a lower RFS rate in KITD816/D820 group (P=0.013) and IL7R-H/KITD816/D820 patients had similar RFS to KITN822/e8/WT patients (P=0.35). GO analysis enrichment showed that down-regulated genes were predominantly involved in the regulation of T cell and leukocyte activation, proliferation and differentiation in IL7R-L group. IL7R-L had significantly lower levels of Granzymes A/B, CCR7, CD28 and CD27 than IL7R-H group (all P+ T and CD8+ T cell subset. A significant association was found between the transcript level of IL7R and the percentage of CD8+ T cells in nucleated cells (P=0.015) but not CD4+ T cells (P=0.47).ConclusionLow IL7R transcript level of bone marrow at diagnosis predicted relapse in t(8;21) AML, which might be caused by the difference in the amount, status and function of T cells.

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-tah-10.1177_20406207211072838 for Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells treatment for multidrug-resistant graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Meng-Zhu Shen, Xin-Xin Liu, Zhi-Yuan Qiu, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Huan Chen, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Si-Ning Liu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Dong Mo in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-tah-10.1177_20406207221095226 for Prednisone plus IVIg compared with prednisone or IVIg for immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: a national retrospective cohort study by Xiao-Lu Zhu, Ru Feng, Qiu-Sha Huang, Mei-Ying Liang, Ming Jiang, Hui Liu, Yi Liu, Hong-Xia Yao, Lei Zhang, Shen-Xian Qian, Tong-Hua Yang, Jing-Yu Zhang, Xu-Liang Shen, Lin-Hua Yang, Jian-Da Hu, Ren-Wei Huang, Zhong-Xing Jiang, Jing-Wen Wang, Hong-Yu Zhang, Zhen Xiao, Si-Yan Zhan, Hui-Xin Liu, Xing-Lin Wang, Ying-Jun Chang, Yu Wang, Yuan Kong, Lan-Ping Xu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Cheng-Hong Yin, Yue-Ying Li, Qian-Fei Wang, Jian-Liu Wang, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Hui Zhang in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Additional file 1: Table S1. The PRRs and whose SNPs.

Additional file 2. All primer sequences used in the qPCR process.

Additional file 2. Study protocol and statistical analysis plan.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tah-10.1177_20406207211072838 for Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells treatment for multidrug-resistant graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Meng-Zhu Shen, Xin-Xin Liu, Zhi-Yuan Qiu, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Huan Chen, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Si-Ning Liu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Dong Mo in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-tah-10.1177_20406207211072838 for Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells treatment for multidrug-resistant graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Meng-Zhu Shen, Xin-Xin Liu, Zhi-Yuan Qiu, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Huan Chen, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Si-Ning Liu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Dong Mo in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tah-10.1177_20406207211072838 for Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells treatment for multidrug-resistant graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Meng-Zhu Shen, Xin-Xin Liu, Zhi-Yuan Qiu, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Huan Chen, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Si-Ning Liu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Dong Mo in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Prophylactic NAC improved function of ECs in EC0.1% group.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tah-10.1177_20406207211072838 for Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells treatment for multidrug-resistant graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Meng-Zhu Shen, Xin-Xin Liu, Zhi-Yuan Qiu, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Huan Chen, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Si-Ning Liu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Dong Mo in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-tah-10.1177_20406207221095226 for Prednisone plus IVIg compared with prednisone or IVIg for immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: a national retrospective cohort study by Xiao-Lu Zhu, Ru Feng, Qiu-Sha Huang, Mei-Ying Liang, Ming Jiang, Hui Liu, Yi Liu, Hong-Xia Yao, Lei Zhang, Shen-Xian Qian, Tong-Hua Yang, Jing-Yu Zhang, Xu-Liang Shen, Lin-Hua Yang, Jian-Da Hu, Ren-Wei Huang, Zhong-Xing Jiang, Jing-Wen Wang, Hong-Yu Zhang, Zhen Xiao, Si-Yan Zhan, Hui-Xin Liu, Xing-Lin Wang, Ying-Jun Chang, Yu Wang, Yuan Kong, Lan-Ping Xu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Cheng-Hong Yin, Yue-Ying Li, Qian-Fei Wang, Jian-Liu Wang, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Hui Zhang in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Tumorigenesis is associated with metabolic abnormalities and genomic instability. Microsatellite mutations, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), are associated with the functional impairment of some tumor-related genes. To investigate the role of MSI and LOH in sporadic breast tumors in canines, 22 tumors DNA samples and their adjacent normal tissues were evaluated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining for 58 microsatellites. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, promoter methylation analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to quantify gene expression. The results revealed that a total of 14 tumors (6 benign tumors and 8 breast cancers) exhibited instability as MSI-Low tumors. Most of the microsatellite loci possessed a single occurrence of mutations. The maximum number of MSI mutations on loci was observed in tumors with a lower degree of differentiation. Among the unstable markers, FH2060 (4/22), ABCC9tetra (4/22) and SCN11A (6/22) were high-frequency mutation sites, whereas FH2060 was a high-frequency LOH site (4/22). The ABCC9tetra locus was mutated only in cancerous tissue, although it was excluded by transcription. The corresponding genes and proteins were significantly downregulated in malignant tissues, particularly in tumors with MSI. Furthermore, the promoter methylation results of the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 9 (ABCC9) showed that there was a high level of methylation in breast tissues, but only one case showed a significant elevation compared with the control. In conclusion, MSI-Low or MSI-Stable is characteristic of most sporadic mammary tumors. Genes associated with tumorigenesis are more likely to develop MSI. ABCC9 protein and transcription abnormalities may be associated with ABCC9tetra instability.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tah-10.1177_20406207221095226 for Prednisone plus IVIg compared with prednisone or IVIg for immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: a national retrospective cohort study by Xiao-Lu Zhu, Ru Feng, Qiu-Sha Huang, Mei-Ying Liang, Ming Jiang, Hui Liu, Yi Liu, Hong-Xia Yao, Lei Zhang, Shen-Xian Qian, Tong-Hua Yang, Jing-Yu Zhang, Xu-Liang Shen, Lin-Hua Yang, Jian-Da Hu, Ren-Wei Huang, Zhong-Xing Jiang, Jing-Wen Wang, Hong-Yu Zhang, Zhen Xiao, Si-Yan Zhan, Hui-Xin Liu, Xing-Lin Wang, Ying-Jun Chang, Yu Wang, Yuan Kong, Lan-Ping Xu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Cheng-Hong Yin, Yue-Ying Li, Qian-Fei Wang, Jian-Liu Wang, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Hui Zhang in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tah-10.1177_20406207211072838 for Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells treatment for multidrug-resistant graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Meng-Zhu Shen, Xin-Xin Liu, Zhi-Yuan Qiu, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Huan Chen, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Si-Ning Liu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Dong Mo in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Additional file 1. Additional methods, Additional tables S1–S3 and additional figures S1–S4.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tah-10.1177_20406207211072838 for Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells treatment for multidrug-resistant graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by Meng-Zhu Shen, Xin-Xin Liu, Zhi-Yuan Qiu, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yu Wang, Chen-Hua Yan, Huan Chen, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Feng-Rong Wang, Jing-Zhi Wang, Si-Ning Liu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang and Xiao-Dong Mo in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology

Additional file 1: eMethods. eTable 1. The sensitivity and specificity of different cut-off value for WT1. eFigure 1. ROC curve of WT1 expression level and the relapse rate (n = 96). eFigure 2. The outcomes of the total patients according to WT1 after allo-HSCT (n = 151). eFigure 3. WT1 expression at different points over 1 year after allo-HSCT in patients maintaining CR without interventions (n = 56).

Introduction: Abundant myxoid stroma rarely occurs in urothelial carcinomas (UCs). We report an 83-year-old woman with UC of the urinary bladder with abundant myxoid stroma. We summarized the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of this type of bladder cancer, in order to improve the understanding of surgeons and pathologists. Patient concerns: An 83-year-old female presented with hematuria and frequent micturition, without odynuria, hypogastralgia, or fever. Diagnosis: The computed tomography scan demonstrated extensive tumors in the anterior wall of the bladder and a soft tissue shadow anterior to the sacrum. Cystoscopy showed massive wide-based tumors located on the anterior and lateral walls of the bladder, with no tumor involving the bladder neck. Multiple punch biopsies were performed, the histologic evaluation of which revealed a poorly differentiated invasive UCs with myxoid stroma. Interventions: The patient underwent a laparoscopic radical cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy. Outcomes: The patient discharged without any complications. Histologic evaluation revealed an invasive UC; the most prominent feature was an abundant myxoid stroma that covered approximately 80% of the lesion and the tumor cells were arranged in cords, small nests, or a sheet-like structure. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CK19, CK20, VEGF, EGFR, p63, 34βE12, MUC1, GATA3, uroplakin3, and TopII (rate = 15%), while the Ki-67 proliferation index was 10%. The myxoid stroma in the mesenchyme stained positively with AB-PAS and colloidal iron, and some tumor cells stained positive for colloidal iron. Considering the histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of UC with abundant myxoid stroma was made. After surgery, the regular follow-up was continued in clinic, and there was no recurrence for 2 years. Conclusion: Morbidity associated with UC with abundant myxoid stroma is very low. The diagnosis mainly depends on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.

Additional file 3:. Supplementary methods.

Additional file 2:. Supplementary tables.

A novel method of oriented immobilization was presented: affinity Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Firstly, a long carbon chain was bond to a ligand of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP). The ligand derivative appears surface activity with the hydrophobic carbon chain oriented to air and the hydrophilic ligand faced to water. Then, this derivative was put onto the water/air surface to assemble a LB film and formed the affinity interaction with the active site of HRP. After that, the affinity LB film with the enzyme was transferred onto the support to obtain the oriented immobilized HRP. The specific activity of HRP immobilized by affinity LB (182.1 ± 14 U/mg) was higher than that by adsorption (40.5 ± 5 U/mg). HRP immobilized by affinity LB could maintain a more native conformation, compared to that by adsorption. This method could be effectively used to immobilize protein with orientation and show widely promising applications in many fields including biosensor and bioreactor.

Introduction: Urachal remnant with heterotopic sinus is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, and usually coexists with other congenital anomalies. We report the case of a 32-year-old adult male with urachal remnant with heterotopic sinus. Patient concerns: A 32-year-old adult male presented with purulent secretion in the heterotopic sinus on the dorsal side of the normal external urethral orifice and pain in the balanus since 5 months. Diagnosis: The computed tomography scan demonstrated a 4 cm cystic mass next to the anterior wall of the urinary bladder. Retrograde urethrography was performed, which demonstrated that this mass communicated with the heterotopic sinus on the dorsal side of the normal external urethral orifice. Cystoscopy showed that there was no communication between the mass and the bladder. Pathology results confirmed that this mass was urachal tissue. Interventions: The patient underwent a laparoscopy surgery to undertake the cystic mass, part of the anterior wall of urinary bladder and the epithelium of channel which communicated with the cystic mass. Outcomes: The patient was discharged without any complications after 6 months and follow-up was continued in the clinic. Conclusions: Urachal remnant with heterotopic sinus is rare, and we recommend that urachal remnant should be considered when a patient presents with a mass in the retropubic space.

Table S1. Cell components in graft. Figure S1. HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16− eMDSCs demonstrated superior immune-suppressive activity compared with CD33− and HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16+ fraction. Figure S2. Comparison of immune-suppressive activity of HLA-DR−/lowCD33+CD16− eMDSCs with M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs. Figure S3. Selective inhibitors of arginase (nor-NOHA), iNOS (L-NMMA), and IDO (NLG8189) on T cell proliferation. Figure S4. Human white blood cell engraftment at 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days after co-transplantation. Figure S5. eMDSC engraftment in NSG mice at 14 and 21 days after co-transplantation. Figure S6. Treg, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells detected in the peripheral blood in NSG mice at day 21. Figure S7. Cytokines detected in the peripheral blood of NSG mice at 7, 14, and 21 days after co-transplantation. (DOCX 724 kb)

Table S1. Electrophysiological examination of Patient 5. Table S2. Prediction results of CSF1R mutations in silico analysis. (DOCX 27 kb)

Rationale: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by noncaseating granulomas. The nervous system is involved in 5 to 16% of the patients. However, neurosarcoidosis in the medulla oblongata presenting as hiccough is remarkably rare. Patient concern: A 55-year-old female was admitted to our hospital suffering from intractable hiccough and progressive numbness of extremities. Diagnosis: The MR imaging revealed a circumscribed mass lesion located on the medulla oblongata. The mass was hyperintense on T2-weighted images and enhanced homogeneously with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a moderately elevated protein content and a significant lymphocytosis 86.5%. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed complete atrioventricular block. Bilateral supraclavicular, hilar, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in a CT scan. Transbranchial needle aspiration biopsy revealed noncaseating granuloma consisting of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and rare multinucleated giant cells which was consistent with sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of multisystemic sarcoidosis was made. Interventions and outcomes: The patient underwent a permanent pacemaker insertion, and was successfully treated with corticosteroids. Lessons: It is important to consider neurosarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of intramedullary lesion, since a right recognition may lead to appropriate treatment with steroids and avoid needlessly extensive surgery.

Relationship between pre-stem cell transplantation minimal residual disease (pre-SCT MRD), as determined by multiparameter flow cytometry, and transplant outcomes for acute myeloid leukemia patients (nâ =â 258) who underwent haploidentical stem cell transplantation in the prospective study. Estimates of (A) cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, (B) cumulative incidence of relapse, (C) leukemia-free survival, and overall survival. MRDneg = negative MRD status; MRDpos = positive MRD status. (DOCX 275 kb)

Impact of acute GVHD on the evolution of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels. (DOCX 15Â kb)

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with outcomes of patients with pre-transplantation MRD-positive who underwent allo-SCT in the retrospective study (nâ =â 65). (DOCX 18 kb)

Relationship between pre-stem cell transplantation minimal residual disease (pre-SCT MRD), as determined by multiparameter flow cytometry, and transplant outcomes for acute myeloid leukemia patients (nâ =â 99) who underwent HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation in the retrospective study. Estimates of (A) cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, (B) cumulative incidence of relapse, (C) leukemia-free survival, and overall survival. MRDneg = negative MRD status; MRDpos = positive MRD status. (DOCX 396 kb)

Relationship between transplant modality and transplant outcomes for AML patients with pre-transplantation MRD who underwent allo-SCT (nâ =â 65). Estimates of (A) cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, (B) cumulative incidence of relapse, (C) leukemia-free survival, and overall survival. MRDneg = negative MRD status; MRDpos = positive MRD status. (DOCX 395 kb)

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with outcomes of patients with pre-transplantation MRD-positive who underwent allo-SCT both in the retrospective study and the prospective study categorization in two groups according to MRD load and transplant modalities (nâ =â 141). (DOCX 21 kb)

Univariate analysis of factors associated with survival outcomes. Table S2. Univariate analysis of factors associated with II–IV aGVHD and III–IV aGVHD. Figure S1a. The cumulative incidence of 28-day neutrophil engraftment:HID97.75 ± 0.03%, MRD97.10 ± 0.05% (P = 0.528). Figure S1b. The cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment: HID96.63 ± 0.05%, MRD 95.65 ± 0.08% (P = 0.989). Figure S2a. The cumulative incidence of II–IV aGVHD: HID 30.34 ± 0.24%, MRD1.45 ± 0.02% (P

Association between transplant modalities and outcomes for AML patients with pre-transplantation MRD who underwent allo-SCT, stratified by the level of leukemic cells. Estimates of (A) cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, (B) cumulative incidence of relapse, (C) leukemia-free survival, and overall survival. (DOCX 520 kb)

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with outcomes of patients with pre-transplantation MRD-positive who underwent allo-SCT in the prospective study (nâ =â 76). (DOCX 19 kb)

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with outcomes of patients with pre-transplantation MRD-positive who underwent allo-SCT both in the retrospective study and the prospective study without receiving donor lymphocyte infusion (nâ =â 105). (DOCX 19 kb)

Relationship between transplant modality and transplant outcomes for AML patients with pre-transplantation MRD who underwent allo-SCT (nâ =â 76), who underwent haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Estimates of (A) cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, (B) cumulative incidence of relapse, (C) leukemia-free survival, and overall survival. MRDneg = negative MRD status; MRDpos = positive MRD status. (DOCX 340 kb)

Relationship between transplant modality and transplant outcomes for AML patients with pre-transplantation MRD who underwent allo-SCT excluding the cases who received DLI (nâ =â 105). Estimates of (A) cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, (B) cumulative incidence of relapse, (C) leukemia-free survival, and overall survival. (DOCX 394 kb)

Additional file 1. Distribution of the T lymphocyte subsets in bone marrow of patients with PGF or GGF and HD.

Univariate analysis of factors associated with survival outcomes. Table S2. Univariate analysis of factors associated with II–IV aGVHD and III–IV aGVHD. Figure S1a. The cumulative incidence of 28-day neutrophil engraftment:HID97.75 ± 0.03%, MRD97.10 ± 0.05% (P = 0.528). Figure S1b. The cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment: HID96.63 ± 0.05%, MRD 95.65 ± 0.08% (P = 0.989). Figure S2a. The cumulative incidence of II–IV aGVHD: HID 30.34 ± 0.24%, MRD1.45 ± 0.02% (P

This paper reviews the progress in the construction of SG-Ⅲ laser facility, integrated Testbed and XG-Ⅲ laser facility and that in the upgrade of the prototype of SG-Ⅲ, and the development in assembling and installing technology, and the achievements in maintaining cleanliness project and metrology in Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics in China in 2012.

Objective: To optimize the polysaccharides Atractylodes Ultrasonic extraction process. Methods: The impact of orthogonal design of the ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides Atractylodes main factors, and determine the best extraction. And compared with conventional extraction method. Results: The results show that the optimal conditions: ultrasound temperature is 55, ultrasonic power 400W, solid to liqui °C d ratio of 1:30, ultrasonic time of 10 min, the optimum conditions, the extraction rate of polysaccharides Atractylodes is 15.13%, extraction impregnation 180 min Rate of 3.84% the conventional mixing of the extraction rate 9.43% 150 min. Conclusion: Compared with the traditional extraction methods, the ultrasonic extraction with time-saving, energy saving, high efficiency and so on..

Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi-bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundred MeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelling and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a 'bubble'. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5GeV/cm.

Supplemental figures of serum sialidase activity and confirmation of desialylated glycoprotein. (PDF 96 kb)

Neutropenia is a frequent complication in patients with malignancies undergoing cytostatic chemotherapy. It is also an important risk factor for infection. Fever is often the only sign of infection in neutropenic cancer patients. Although infections cannot be documented in a large proportion of febrile neutropenic cancer patients, empirical antimicrobial therapy based on clinical evidence and local data on microbiological epidemiology and susceptibility must be started immediately. The following recommendations for antimicrobial use in neutropenic patients with fever of unknown origin have been issued by a group of experts from countries belonging to the Asia–Pacific region. The task has been particularly challenging because of the significant differences among the participating countries, mainly in terms of microbiological epidemiology and resistance patterns. Indeed, in most countries of the region, and in contrast to the Western world, Gram-negative bacteria are the prevailing etiological agent of infections in febrile granulocytopenic patients. An additional difficulty has been the varying microbial susceptibility profiles and the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, viridans group streptococci, ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among others. The recommendations that follow should be expected to provide general guidance to clinicians who care for febrile neutropenic cancer patients, rather than to operate as a substitute for their clinical judgment. 2. Definitions

A supercontinuum extending from 350 nm to more than 1700 nm is generated in microstructured fibre (MF) with randomly distributed air holes in cladding and core by using 15-fs pulses of a 790-nm laser. The maximum total power of the supercontinuum is 63 mW with 288 mW pump power from a 100× microscope objective. The wavelength and power of visible light ranging in the supercontinuum can be tuned by adjusting the input end of random the MF (to change pump incident point or incident angle). In particular, white light has been observed. The polarization states and waveguide modes of the visible light change with adjustment of the pump incident point or incident angle.