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La celulosa al reaccionar con periodato de sodio se oxida parcialmente produciendo un dialdehído que se conoce en inglés como “hairy cellulose”. Este tipo de celulosa se compone de un cuerpo cristalino, que proporciona resistencia fisicoquímica, y cadenas de celulosa amorfas en los extremos las cuales tienen disposición para ser modificadas químicamente. Una de estas modificaciones se realiza con clorito de sodio el cual oxida selectivamente a aldehídos produciendo el dicarboxilato de celulosa nanocristalina (DCCN), este material con gran carga electrostática se ha empleado principalmente para la extracción de metales y en menor proporción para compuestos orgánicos. Por esta razón, en este trabajo se empleó como sorbente en la preconcentración de ibuprofeno. Se evaluaron diferentes condiciones como pH, concentración inicial, masa del sorbente y la presencia de otros fármacos (naproxeno y diclofenaco). A pH 7 empleando 10 mg del DCCN se logró retener más del 80% del fármaco en solución acuosa y una capacidad máxima de 176.7 mg·g-1.

Aun en la actualidad existe poca información publicada con relación al análisis de experimentos monofactoriales cuando se usa igual número de submuestras dentro de cada unidad experimental. En este estudio se analizan datos de floración masculina registrados en cuatro variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) establecidas en condiciones de campo usando cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento, dentro de cada unidad experimental se registraron 30 datos, para el presente estudio sólo son considerados tres de éstos. Los diseños experimentales elegidos fueron completamente al azar, bloques completos al azar y cuadro latino. Las salidas fueron obtenidas con InfoStat y corresponden a un análisis de varianza y a una comparación de medias de tratamientos con la prueba de Tukey (p= 0.01), estas también se pueden generar con InfoGen aplicando el mismo procedimiento. Los datos que conducen a ambos resultados fueron usados para cálculos manuales y los resultados son validados con el sistema para análisis estadístico. Debido que los datos son los mismos el error muestral es común en los tres diseños experimentales y se muestra cómo obtener el error conjunto, la diferencia entre ambos genera el error experimental. Para simplificar el procedimiento en la computadora personal se elabora una sola base de datos. Sólo para el diseño en cuadro latino se proporcionan las expresiones matriciales que permiten homologar el cálculo manual con sumas de cuadrados en el análisis de varianza. Si el objetivo secundario fuera comparar los tres diseños experimentales el soporte estadístico generado por éstos lo permitiría, en una sola corrida usando SAS e individualmente para cada diseño aplicando InfoStat y InfoGen.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the actigraphy-based sleep parameters in wheelchair basketball (WB) athletes during the 3 weeks leading up to the playoffs, the week of playoffs, and the week after playoffs. Secondarily, the relationship between training load, sleep, and recovery was evaluated. Methods During 5 consecutive weeks, 10 male elite WB athletes wore a triaxial accelerometer. The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and athletes' quality of recovery were also measured. Results There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in any of the studied parameters between the 3 weeks leading up to the playoffs, the week of playoffs, and the week after playoffs. No significant relationship between training load, sleep parameters, and recovery values was detected. Discussion The WB competition does not affect sleep quantity and quality.

To develop a joint proposal for screening criteria of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and vice versa, which serves as a guidelines in patient referral between the Rheumatology and Pneumology departments to early detection of these patients.A systematic literature review was carried out on the risk factors for the development of ILD in RA patients, and for the referral criteria to Rheumatology for suspected early RA. Based on the available evidence, screening criteria were agreed using the Delphi method by a panel of pneumologists and rheumatologists with expertise in these pathologies.Screening criteria for ILD in patients with RA and for the early detection of RA in cases with ILD of unknown etiology have been developed. In both cases, a detection strategy was based on clinical risk factors. Recommendations also included the complementary tests to be carried out in the different clinical scenarios and on the periodicity that screening should be repeated.A selective screening strategy is recommended for the first time in the early diagnosis of patients with ILD-RA. This multidisciplinary proposal aims to solve some common clinical questions and help decision-making, although its usefulness to identify these patients with good sensitivity must be confirmed in a validation study.

La reforma llevada a cabo por el Comunidad Autónoma de Asturias de su Ley 4/2010, de 29 de junio, de Cooperativas, a través de su nueva Ley 5/2021, de 23 de diciembre, merece, sin duda, un comentario elogioso por su depurada técnica normativa, lo que facilitará que cumpla su objetivo de modernización tecnológica y flexibilización de su gestión. En el presente trabajo abordamos los cuatro preceptos modificados que son: el artículo 46 (“Forma de la convocatoria” [de la Asamblea General]”); el 48 (“Lugar de la asamblea” [General]); el 70 (“El consejo rector. Organización y adopción de acuerdos”) y su artículo 101 (“Fondo de educación y promoción cooperativa”).

To develop multidisciplinary recommendations to improve the management of rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).Clinical research questions relevant to the objective of the document were identified by a panel of rheumatologists and pneumologists selected based on their experience in the field. Systematic reviews of the available evidence were conducted, and evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Specific recommendations were made.Six PICO questions were selected, three of which analysed the incidence and prevalence of RA-ILD, associated risk factors, and predictors of progression and mortality. A total of 6 specific recommendations on these topics, structured by question, were formulated based on the evidence found and/or expert consensus.We present the first official SER-SEPAR document with specific recommendations for RA-ILD management developed to resolve some common clinical questions and facilitate decision-making for patients.

The disinfection of wastewater is a treatment that allows for its reuse. However, not all pathogenic microorganisms or their resistant structures, e.g., endospores, cysts, or oocysts, are eliminated in conventional treatments. This work compared the removal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and peracetic acid (PAA) on three strains of bacteria isolated from the tertiary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant. The results of the inactivation kinetics showed that complete inactivation of S. pasteuri was achieved with both NaClO (>12 log, t = 5–10 min, 15–30 mg/L) and PAA (~9 log, t = 20–30 min, 15 mg/L). Likewise, with higher concentration of both disinfectants, the inactivation time decreased. K. pneumoniae showed greater resistance to PAA (3 log, t = 30 min) than to NaClO (8 log, t = 15 min). B. subtilis endospores showed resistance to NaClO (3 log, t = 60–100 min, 15 mg/L); however, PAA was more effective (~4 log, t = 45–100 min), with 15 mg/L regarding these latter four kinetics. The inactivation curves of these strains showed concave and linear tendencies with tail effects, fitting the Weibull and Geeraerd models. Both the inactivation kinetics and the models established for vegetative cells and endospores in this study are conclusive to understand the differences between these biological forms and, consequently, their ability to survive disinfection.

Desde 2006, la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura ha configurado una forma singular de cooperativa, la denominada Cooperativa Especial, diseñadaespecíficamente para permitir acudir a la forma cooperativa a aquellas iniciativas empresariales de pequeña o mediana dimensión, al objeto de que puedan acogerse a las ventajas de la economía social. La norma comentada es un modelo orientativo de estatutos sociales para estas cooperativas especiales que reemplaza a uno ya existente para adaptarlo a la regulación vigente en materia de cooperativas en Extremadura.

La economía social, cuya relevancia nadie puede desconocer hoy en día, ha adquirido en nuestro país y en el ámbito de la Unión Europea una importantedimensión que la actual crisis hace más necesaria. La norma examinada en la presente crónica supone una adaptación y modernización de carácter técnico de las reglas de organización y funcionamiento del Consejo para el Fomento de la Economía Social, de 2001, a las normas básicas de organización y funcionamiento del sector público recogidas en las leyes 39 y 40/2015. Su eficacia deberá demostrase por su actividad efectiva como órgano consultivoy de asesoramiento, especialmente cuando la crisis sanitaria generada por la pandemia de COVID-19 ha devenido en crisis económica y social.

Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is progressive and irreversible. Some discrepancies about IPF staging exists, especially in mild phases. Forced vital capacity (FVC) higher than 80% has been considered early or mild IPF even for the design of clinical trials. Methods Spanish multicentre, observational, retrospective study of IPF patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, based on the ATS/ERS criteria, which presented FVC greater or equal 80% at diagnosis. Clinical and demographic characteristics, lung function, radiological pattern, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed. Results 225 IPF patients were included, 72.9% were men. The mean age was 69.5 years. The predominant high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern was consistent usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (51.6%). 84.7% of patients presented respiratory symptoms (exertional dyspnea and/or cough) and 33.33% showed oxygen desaturation below 90% in the 6 min walking test (6MWT). Anti-fibrotic treatment was initiated at diagnosis in 55.11% of patients. Median FVC was 89.6% (IQR 17) and 58.7% of patients had a decrease of diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) below 60% of theoretical value; most of them presented functional progression (61.4%) and higher mortality at 3 years (20.45%). A statistically significant correlation with the 3-years mortality was observed between DLCO Conclusions Patients with preserved FVC but presenting UIP radiological pattern and moderate–severe DLCO decrease at diagnosis associate an increased risk of progression, death or lung transplantation. Therefore, in these cases, preserved FVC would not be representative of early or mild IPF.

El concepto de infidelidad, así como los motivos que llevan a ella, han sido construidos por cada cultura y se han mantenido de generación en generación. Así pues, la infidelidad es resultante de una serie de regulaciones que cada cultura ha creado y ha ido transformando a lo largo del tiempo (Hunt, 1959), con existencia de similitudes y diferencias en la percepción del amor en función del sexo (De Andrade, Wachelke y Howat-Rodrígues, 2015; Álvarez y García, 2017). Tras una revisión detallada de la bibliografía referente a las pruebas para evaluar la infidelidad se determina la necesidad de crear un instrumento válido y confiable, que pueda ser auto o hetero-administrado y validarlo en población española. Se ha tomado una muestra de población con un rango de edad concreto y se ha pilotado una primera prueba, de la que se han extraído 5 preguntas de carácter general y trece específicas, para valorar la actitud ante la infidelidad propia y de pareja. Se ha estudiado a una población final de 472 sujetos, con edades entre 15 y 25 años, seleccionados de forma aleatoria, españoles o residentes en España de larga duración, de los que el 39% son hombres y el 61% mujeres. Los resultados han sido aceptables con α= .864 para infidelidad propia y α= .883 para infidelidad de pareja, KMO= .842; Bartlett p= .000. Se extraen tres factores y tres indicadores generales. En la población estudiada no aparecen diferencias significativas en referencia a la percepción de infidelidad propia y de pareja en función del sexo, orientación sexual y edad.

Studying and evaluating real experiences that promote active and collaborative learning is a crucial field in CSCL. Major issues that remain unsolved deal with the merging of qualitative and quantitative methods and data, especially in educational settings that involve direct as well as computer-supported collaboration. In this paper we present an evaluation methodology and its application to a university course that took place during the last two academic years. We have developed EL2AM, a tool that allows an automatic processing of computer logs using social network analysis. It has been used jointly with a commercial qualitative research tool in order to support the evaluation process. Experimental results allow us to reflect and draw conclusions on the changes of attitudes towards collaboration experimented by the students along the course.

La Casa Celestino Martínez es un edificio modernista del año 1900 que dispone de uno de los conjuntos de mosaicos Nolla más importantes de la Región de Murcia. De forma muy excepcional para la época, todas las estancias de las viviendas disponían de este tipo de pavimento, llegando a nuestros días casi todos los modelos en estado de conservación casi intacto. Este legado es de vital importancia para conocer el patrimonio arquitectónico de la ciudad, su historia y evolución, además de ser un caso singular que merece una atención especial. El estudio se basa en identificar los modelos que se conservan, realizar un levantamiento completo y un análisis de los mismos, incluyendo parámetros estadísticos que son de especial relevancia para la comparativa de otros modelos situados en otros edificios y, sobre todo, para obtener un conocimiento completo de los modelos existentes y su situación en la vivienda.

Clouds on Mars are primary elements for understanding the past and present climate of the planet. Cloud particles can affect the energy balance of the planet, and so the atmospheric dynamic, as well as influence the vertical distribution of dust particles through dust scavenging. The dust scavenging by clouds has critical consequences in the water cycle of the planet; e.g. regions in the atmosphere with insufficient quantity of dust particles (or condensation nuclei) can inhibit the formation of H2O clouds and thus lead to the presence of water vapor in excess of saturation [1]. The study of these interactions requires observations whose analysis allows us to infer simultaneously the properties of both the clouds and dust. To address these observations, the Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS) [2] is part of the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) [3] payload onboard of the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance. RDS instrument compromises two sets of 8 photodiodes (RDS-DP) and a camera (RDS-SkyCam). One set of photodiodes is pointed upward (TOP sensors), with each one covering a different wavelength range between 190-1200 nm. The other set is pointed sideways (LAT sensors), 20 degrees above the horizon, and they are spaced 45 degrees apart in azimuth to sample all directions at a single wavelength.In this work we will present the radiative transfer analysis of the RDS TOP sensors observations at twilight for the first 365 sols. The twilight period was selected to: i) better constrain the vertical distribution of dust particles for the cloud-free days; ii) detect aerosol layers with very low opacities (lower than 0.1); iii) estimate the cloud altitude [4]. We will discuss the implication of our observations and analyses for Mars aerosol structure and timescales. For example, we find a period of a few days with a notable increase in the presence of clouds during twilight, and for which we derived cloud altitudes higher than 40 km and settling timescales of a few hours (involving a rapid vertical transport of dust particles).References:[1] Maltagliati, Luca, et al. "Evidence of water vapor in excess of saturation in the atmosphere of Mars." science 333.6051 (2011): 1868-1871.[2] Apestigue, Victor, et al. "Radiation and Dust Sensor for Mars Environmental Dynamic Analyzer Onboard M2020 Rover." Sensors 22.8 (2022): 2907.[3] Rodriguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, et al. "The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A suite of environmental sensors for the Mars 2020 mission." Space science reviews 217.3 (2021): 1-86.[4] Toledo, D., et al. "Measurement of aerosol optical depth and sub-visual cloud detection using the optical depth sensor (ODS)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9.2 (2016): 455-467.

Introduction:MiniPINS is an ESA study to develop and prototype miniaturised surface sensor packages (SSPs) for Mars and the Moon. The study aims at miniaturising the scientific sensors and subsystems, as well as identifying and utilizing commonalities between Mars and Moon SSPs, allowing to optimise the design, cut costs and reduce the development time.Mars In-Situ Sensors (MINS) is a penetrator with approx. 25 kg mass, piggy-backed by another Mars mission spacecraft to Mars. In total 4 identical penetrators are deployed to different landing sites either from the approach orbit or Mars orbit. The design of MINS has significant heritage from FMI’s MetNet mission design[1]. The entry, descent and landing sequence of MINS is completely autonomous and controlled by its on-board computer. In the Martian atmosphere the penetrators undergo aerodynamic braking with inflatable breaking units until they reach the target velocity of 60-80 m/s for entering the Martian surface. The nominal mission duration is one Martian year.Lunar In-Situ Sensors (LINS) is a miniature 7 kg station deployed on the Moon surface by a rover. LINS mission consist of 4 surface stations deployed to different sites within the rover’s traveling perimeter. The LINS scientific package consists of several scientific instruments to study the Moon for 2 years. Mars SSP sensors:MINS will study the Martian atmosphere, seismology and chemistry. The MINS payload consists of a camera, a visual spectrometer, a meteorological package, an impact accelerometer, soil thermoprobes, a chemistry probe, a seismometer and a radiation monitor. Many of the instruments have Mars heritage but additional qualification is required due to landing shock. The meteorological package consists of air temperature sensors, pressure sensor, relative humidity sensor, wins sensors, dust sensor and solar irradiance sensor. Pressure and humidity sensors are provided by FMI and the sensors have heritage from multiple Mars missions like the M2020 Perseverance rover[2]. Air temperature sensors are provided by CAB and they have heritage from MSL[3], InSight[4] and M2020[2]. Solar irradiance sensor (SIS)[5] is provided by INTA and the technology has been used in several Mars missions[6]. The selected design for MiniPINS is the SIS for ExoMars ‘22. Also based on ExoMars ‘22 METEO is the dust sensor by UC3M. The chemistry probe is a new design developed by CAB. It is composed of several miniature sensing needles that share an acquisition electronics to measure pH, salinity, water content, conductivity and temperature of the Martian regolith. The current TRL is 6. The thermoprobe is also a new design developed by UPC for characterizing the thermophysical properties of the regolith.The visual spectrometer selected for MiniPINS is based on tunable Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) technology by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland[7]. The piezo-actuated FPI technology has previously flown on board nanosatellites Aalto-1, Reaktor Hello World and PICASSO demonstrating operation in different wave lengths. Due to its maturity and flight-proven performance, the near-IR concept is the baseline for the MINS spectrometer.Moon SSP sensors:LINS proposal is focused on two principal science objectives: understanding the structure and composition of the lunar interior and the characterization of the lunar surface environment in view of human exploration and resource extraction. The placement of a network of short period seismic stations will allow determining the thickness of the lunar crust (upper and lower) and its lateral variability. Due to smaller size the LINS has fever scientific sensors and many are common with the MINS packages. Magnetometer selected for LINS is based on the triaxial magnetometer developed by INTA for MetNet Mars mission. The sensor will require some modifications and adaptation of the ejection mechanism as well as temperature qualification for Lunar conditions.Shared sensors:The cameras of both MINS and LINS are based on the Athermalized Panchromatic Imaging System (APIS) low-resolution refractive camera used by INTA as a CubeSat payload which flew on-board the OPTOS satellite. It is based on a 1.3 MP CMOS image sensor from Cypress Semiconductor Corporation but the optics will be redesigned taking into account the applicable requirements for each mission. Miniature wind sensors (Mars) and thermoprobes are based on the same sensor structure developed by UPC. The new type of sensor is a spherical shell divided into four sectors. To sense temperature and provide heating power, a customized 3 x 3 mm silicon die, including a platinum resistor, is attached to the inner side of each sector. In MINS the wind sensors are located in the deployable mast and the soil sensor is in a compartment below the surface in contact with the regolith. For LINS a dedicated deployment mechanism must be developed for the soil probe. The wind sensors and soil probes are currently in TRL 6.The short period seismometer is based on a miniature MEMS resonator by Imperial College, previously used in InSight[8]. For LINS a variant of the sensor, called the Silicon Seismic Package, (SSP)[9] is proposed.The impact accelerometer of MINS will be a new development. To miniaturise the accelerometer, a commercial part from PCB Piezotronics has been selected as the basis of the sensor and the complete sensor assembly will be developed and qualified by INTA. Lunar SSP also includes an accelerometer which is used to determine the attitude of LINS. It is based on an Analog Devices component ADXL327BCPZ, already qualified by INTA for Mars, but LINS missions requires even larger temperature range so additional qualification is foreseen.The radiation monitors included in both missions are based in the Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor (MOSFET) dosimeters. Proposed provider of MOSFET dosimeters is Tyndall National Institute.Project status:The MiniPINS study, consisting of project phases A and B1, is nearly completed and a final review was held in autumn 2021. As a follow-up, the European Space Agency is facilitating an industrial development of European inflatable deceleration system.

En el presente estudio se plantea la necesidad de asociar unas características de personalidad a los diferentes estilos de apego adulto. A pesar de la existencia de numerosos cuestionarios para medir tanto el apego adulto como las características de personalidad, se ha optado por elegir dos cuestionarios recientes, validados empíricamente y sencillos de administrar, puesto que la muestra está compuesta por un grupo indeterminado de adolescentes que cursaban enseñanza secundaria obligatoria. Los resultados muestran un grado de correspondencia elevado entre los cuatro grupos de perfil de personalidad creados mediante el CBP (Torreblanca, 2017) y los estilos de apego utilizados en el CAA (Melero y Cantero, 2008). Se observa concordancia en torno al 70% en tres de los cuatro perfiles realizados con los estilos de apego seguro, preocupado y temeroso. Los porcentajes restantes en cada grupo se han distribuido de forma heterogénea. En el grupo correspondiente al apego evitativo, la concordancia entre perfil de personalidad y estilo de apego ha sido menor, dando lugar a nuevas posibilidades de investigación y al planteamiento de hipótesis nuevas sobre el apego adulto.

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 comenzó en Wuhan, China, a principios del año 2019 y se ha extendido rápidamente por todo el mundo, convirtiéndose en pandemia de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) el 11 de marzo de 2020. Esta enfermedad ha presentado múltiples manifestaciones que varían desde un resfriado común hasta un síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) grave con complicaciones en pacientes críticos o durante la fase aguda. Hasta la fecha, las complicaciones pulmonares tardías y las secuelas no son del todo conocidas, sin embargo, se han asociado a la gravedad de la enfermedad. Se presenta el primer caso en Colombia de una enfermedad bullosa gigante ocurrido en una paciente femenina de 32 años durante la convalecencia de la infección por COVID-19, que requirió resección quirúrgica. Se hace necesario resaltar la importancia del seguimiento de la población que se ha contagiado de este virus y mantener un alto grado de sospecha clínica en la búsqueda de complicaciones en individuos que se han recuperado de la infección, con el fin de aprender cada día más sobre el comportamiento, las complicaciones y las secuelas de esta enfermedad en aras de dar un manejo óptimo y oportuno.

espanolEl objeto del presente trabajo, dentro de un numero monografico dedicado a la Politica Social Comunitaria, es ofrecer una vision diferente de la que se ha asignado a las relaciones entre la Politica Social y de Empleo y la de la Competencia, que tradicionalmente han sido vistas como antagonicas. Frente a esta consideracion, percibida por muchos operadores economicos, trataremos de poner en evidencia la complementariedad de ambas, pues la Politica de la Competencia, tiene una fundamental dimension social en la medida en que promueve la eficiencia de las empresas y la mejor asignacion de recursos publicos, estimulando el progreso economico y el bienestar de trabajadores y consumidores. EnglishThe object of the present work, inside a monographic number dedicated to the Social Community Politicy, is to offer a different vision from the one that traditionally has been assigned to the relations between the Social and Employment Policy and that of the Competition, which traditionally have been seen like antagonistic. Opposite to this consideration perceived by many economic operators, we will try to put in evidence the complementarily of both, since the Competition Policy has a fundamental social dimension in the measure in which it promotes the efficiency of the companies and the best assignment of public resources, stimulating the economic progress and the well-being of workers and consumers.

This article describes a comprehensive testing method for the thermal calibration of the Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS) onboard NASA's Perseverance rover. Ground-based IR detectors operating at the surface of Mars are subjected to inaccuracies caused by the inclusion of thermal gradients in their packages. To reduce such uncertainties, it is necessary to compensate for their effects. Here, details of the TIRS thermo-mechanical design and a simplified thermal mathematical model (TMM) that accounts for the presence of thermal gradients in the detector's package are provided. Then, a set of equations for the estimation and compensation of thermal gradients are proposed based on the results of the TMM. Thermal calibration tests to identify the mathematical estimators are analyzed, providing details of the test setups and highlighting their limitations and restrictions. Finally, experimental results of the calibration tests are presented, along with the uncertainty sources and potential systematic errors associated with the estimation of the gradients. The results presented here show a significant improvement in the accuracy of TIRS versus previous work, thus fulfilling of the radiometer scientific requirements set by the Mars 2020 science team.

BACKGROUND Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with perimedullary venous drainage causing cervical myelopathy are very uncommon conditions with an extremely aggressive behavior. When the characteristic radiological clues are missing, the unspecific clinical picture may cause delay and make the diagnosis challenging. OBSERVATIONS Here the authors report a case of a 58-year-old man who developed progressive spastic tetraparesis and dyspnea with an extensive mild enhancing cervical cord lesion initially oriented as a neurosyphilis-associated transverse myelitis. Acute worsening after steroid administration redirected the diagnosis, and a tentorial Cognard type V DAVF was elicited. The microsurgical disconnection process is described, and previously documented cases in the literature are reviewed. LESSONS If a DAVF is highly suspected, it is important to consider the possibility of its intracranial origin, and spinal as well as cerebral arteriography must be performed.

La Franja de Gaza es una de las zonas más pobres del mundo en agua, a causa fundamentalmente de la contaminación y la sobreexplotación de los acuíferos. Adicionalmente, la región arrastra una crisis humanitaria como consecuencia de las numerosas escaladas bélicas, la falta de seguridad alimentaria o la carencia de agua y saneamiento. Una primera conclusión es que el reparto del agua, su acceso y gestión constituyen un elemento central para avanzar hacia la estabilidad económica, social y política en la región. Gaza se encuentra en una insostenible situación de escasez hídrica permanente, afectando especialmente a las más vulnerables: las mujeres. Una segunda conclusión es que, para mejorar la situación actual del derecho al agua, se debe enlazar con los derechos de las mujeres, así como con el reforzamiento de su papel en las negociaciones y la gestión en aspectos básicos para la transformación económica y social en la Franja., The Gaza Strip is one of the world's poorest areas in terms of water, mainly due to pollution and overexploitation of aquifers. In addition, the region has a humanitarian crisis as a result of the numerous escalations of war, the lack of food security and the lack of water and sanitation. A first conclusion is that water sharing, access and management are central to progress towards economic, social and political stability in the region. Gaza is in an unsustainable situation of permanent water scarcity, especially affecting the most vulnerable: women. A second conclusion is that, in order to improve the current situation of the right to water, it must be linked to women's rights, as well as to the strengthening of their role in negotiations and management in basic aspects for economic and social transformation in the Strip., La bande de Gaza est l'une des régions les plus pauvres du monde en eau, principalement en raison de la pollution et de la surexploitation des aquifères. En outre, la région connaît une crise humanitaire en raison des nombreuses escalades de la guerre, de l'absence de sécurité alimentaire et du manque d'eau et d'assainissement. Une première conclusion est que le partage, l'accès et la gestion de l'eau sont essentiels pour progresser vers la stabilité économique, sociale et politique de la région. Gaza se trouve dans une situation insoutenable de pénurie d'eau permanente, qui touche particulièrement les plus vulnérables: les femmes. Une deuxième conclusion est que, pour améliorer la situation actuelle du droit à l'eau, il faut le lier aux droits des femmes, ainsi qu'au renforcement de leur rôle dans les négociations et la gestion des aspects fondamentaux pour la transformation économique et sociale de la bande., A Faixa de Gaza é uma das áreas mais pobres do mundo em termos de água, principalmente devido à poluição e à superexploração dos aquíferos. Além disso, a região tem uma crise humanitária como resultado das numerosas escaladas da guerra, da falta de segurança alimentar e da falta de água e saneamento. Uma primeira conclusão é que o compartilhamento, o acesso e a gestão da água são fundamentais para o progresso em direção à estabilidade econômica, social e política na região. Gaza está em uma situação insustentável de escassez permanente de água, afetando especialmente os mais vulneráveis: as mulheres. Uma segunda conclusão é que, para melhorar a situação atual do direito à água, ele deve estar ligado aos direitos das mulheres, bem como ao fortalecimento de seu papel nas negociações e na gestão em aspectos básicos para a transformação econômica e social na Faixa ., La Striscia di Gaza è una delle zone più povere del mondo in termini di acqua, soprattutto a causa dell'inquinamento e del sovrasfruttamento delle falde acquifere. Inoltre, la regione ha una crisi umanitaria a causa delle numerose escalation di guerra, la mancanza di sicurezza alimentare e la mancanza di acqua e di servizi igienici. Una prima conclusione è che la condivisione, l'accesso e la gestione dell'acqua sono centrali per il progresso verso la stabilità economica, sociale e politica nella regione. Gaza si trova in una situazione insostenibile di scarsità d'acqua permanente, che colpisce soprattutto i più vulnerabili: le donne. Una seconda conclusione è che, per migliorare la situazione attuale del diritto all'acqua, esso deve essere legato ai diritti delle donne, così come al rafforzamento del loro ruolo nei negoziati e nella gestione degli aspetti fondamentali per la trasformazione economica e sociale della Striscia., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, la Agencia Estatal de Investigación y los Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (Proyecto ECO2017-86822-R), Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 (Proyecto B-SEJ- 018-UGR18 y P18-RT-576), Universidad de Granada, Plan Propio, Unidad Científica de Excelencia: Desigualdad, Derechos Humanos y Sostenibilidad (DEHUSO)

Se diseñó una sal orgánica a base de tris-imidazolio y ligantes quinolícos, como material atractivo para la detección de especies iónicas. Los estudios teóricos revelaron su comportamiento semiconductor. Además, las visualizaciones de los niveles de energía (HOMO y LUMO) permitieron apreciar la distribución de la densidad electrónica sobre los grupos quinolínicos y los sitios positivos que corresponden a los anillos de imidazol.

[EN]: [Background]: Recently, some countries have shown stable trends in lung cancer death rates among women not yet described for Spain. We propose to update lung cancer mortality rates in Spain during the period of 1980–2018 by sex and region. [Methods]: We used lung cancer mortality (International Classification of Diseases code 162 for the 9th edition, and codes C33 and C34 for 10th edition) and population data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute for the period 1980–2018. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs), all ages and 30–64 years, by region and sex were assessed through joinpoint regression. [Results]: During the study period lung cancer ASMRs (all ages) in men decreased -0.4% per annum and increased by 3.1% in women. Recently, ASMR (30–64 years) accelerated its decrease (1992–2007; −0.7 and 2007–2018; −3.5%) in men and slowed its increase (1990–2012; 5.7% and 2012–2018; 1.4%) in women. In men, joinpoint analysis detected an initial period in all Autonomous Communities (ACs) in which the rates significantly increased, followed by a second period in which the rates decreased significantly (12 ACs) or remained stable (4 ACs) since the late 1980s or early 1990s. In women, upward trends in ASMRs (all ages) were observed for the whole period in all the ACs. In 13 ACs, an initial period was detected with joinpoint in which the rates remained stable or significantly decreased, followed by a second period in which the rates increased significantly since the late 1980s or early 1990s. [Conclusions]: Our study shows gender differences in lung cancer mortality trends in Spain. These differences may be explained by the increased use of tobacco among women and the decreased use among men., [ES]: [Antecedentes]: Recientemente, algunos países han mostrado tendencias estables en las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón entre las mujeres que aún no se han descrito para España. Proponemos actualizar las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en España durante el período 1980-2018 por sexo y región. [Métodos]: Utilizamos la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón (código 162 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades según la novena edición, y los códigos C33 y C34 según la décima edición) y los datos poblacionales del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España para el período 1980-2018. Las tasas específicas de mortalidad por edad (TEME), para todas las edades y entre los 30 y 64 años, por región y sexo, se evaluaron mediante el análisis de regresión por segmentos. [Resultados]: Durante el período de estudio, la TEME (todas las edades) de cáncer de pulmón disminuyó un −0,4% por año en hombres y aumentó un 3,1% en mujeres. Recientemente, la TEME (30-64 años) aceleró su descenso (1992-2007: −0,7% y 2007-2018: −3,5%) en los hombres y desaceleró su aumento (1990-2012: 5,7% y 2012-2018: 1,4%) en las mujeres. En los hombres, el análisis de regresión por segmentos detectó un período inicial en todas las comunidades autónomas (CA) en el que las tasas aumentaron significativamente, seguido de un segundo período en el que las tasas disminuyeron significativamente (12 CA) o se mantuvieron estables (4 CA) desde finales de la década de los ochenta o principios de los noventa. En las mujeres, las tendencias al alza en la TEME (todas las edades) se observaron durante todo el período en todas las CA. En 13 CA, se detectó con el análisis de regresión un período inicial en el que las tasas se mantuvieron estables o disminuyeron significativamente, seguido de un segundo período en el que las tasas aumentaron significativamente desde finales de los años ochenta o principios de los noventa. [Conclusiones]: Nuestro estudio muestra diferencias de género en las tendencias de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en España. Estas diferencias pueden explicarse por el aumento del uso de tabaco en las mujeres y la disminución del uso entre los hombres.

La actual crisis nos sitúa en una encrucijada histórica decisiva. El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofrecer una visión de los instrumentos diseñados para hacerle frente en materia de ayudas estatales y de ayudas europeas a los Estados y su incidencia en el funcionamiento competitivo de los mercados. Para ello abordaremos primero el marco temporal bajo el que la Comisión Europea está dispuesta a aceptar la compatibilidad de determinadas ayudas estatales. A continuación, los instrumentos financieros excepcionales diseñados por la UE para reforzar y estimular la economía europea. Finalmente, y como necesario corolario, recordaremos las pautas básicas que deberán tener en cuenta las administraciones y operadores para diseñar sus ayudas y proyectos eficientes y desde la perspectiva de la competencia.

En el presente trabajo se reporta la simulación de la respuesta voltamperométrica y cronoamperométrica de un biosensor multienzimático para la cuantificación simultánea de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos con un solo dispositivo. Los resultados fueron procesados mediante regresión lineal múltiple MLR, regresión de componentes principales PCR y regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales PLS, encontrando que se obtienen los mejores resultados con MLR procesando la información voltamperométrica, obteniendo porcentajes de error relativo menores al 10% en promedio

Currently there is a consensus that the clinical art have been greatly deteriorating during the past 50 years. This problem has raised worldwide attention through as increase in publications, courses, symposia and congress. The erosion of bedside teaching and the consequent decline of clinical skills, notably wrongfull and inadequate use of new technologies. At as result, it becomes difficult if not impossible obtain an appropiate collection of the synptoms sufferick for the sick. Together with the medical history, the physical examination is mandatory for the correct diagnosis and developing the treatment plan. In this paper, the decline of clinical art is exposed and how this ancient heritage of medical practice can be recovered.

Introduction The Smoking and the Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) groups of ALAT and SEPAR collaborated in the preparation of this document. Materials and methods This document uses PICO methodology to answer various questions on the relationship between tobacco use and diffuse ILD. Results and conclusions The main recommendations are: (a) moderate level of evidence and strong recommendation to consider smoking as a risk factor for the development and/or modification of the progression of diffuse ILD; (b) moderate level of evidence to identify an increase in mortality in diffuse ILD, irrespective of histologic pattern. Low evidence for ascribing it to smoking and strong recommendation for the early identification of patients with diffuse ILD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of smoking cessation in patients with diffuse ILD; (c) low level of evidence and weak recommendation for defining the impact of passive smoking in diffuse ILD; (d) low level of evidence to demonstrate that smoking cessation improves the outcomes of patients diagnosed with diffuse ILD and strong recommendation to advise smoking cessation in smokers with diffuse ILD, and (e) low level of evidence to support the clinical or epidemiological usefulness of active case finding for diffuse ILD in smoking cessation programs, and strong recommendation justifying the performance of spirometry in active case finding, based not on current smoking status, but on previous accumulated consumption, even in asymptomatic cases.

BACKGROUND: One of the main problems faced by physiotherapists in primary care is low back pain with or without radiation to lower limbs. There are many different treatment approaches for the management of low back pain. Despite the large amount of published studies, the evidence remains contradictory. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the osteopathic manipulation of the sacroiliac joint on low back pain with or without radiation to lower limbs. METHOD: Single-blind randomized clinical controlled trial. Participants with low back pain with or without lower limb radiation were randomized to osteopathic manipulation of the sacroiliac joint group (intervention, 6 sessions) or to an electrotherapy group (control, 15 sessions) for 3 weeks. Measures were taken at baseline (week 0) and post-intervention (week 4). The primary outcome measures were pain (Visual Analogue Scale), functional disability (Oswestry disability index and Roland Morris questionnaire). The secondary outcome measure was pain threshold at muscular tender points in the quadratus lumborum, pyramidal, mayor gluteus, and hamstrings. RESULTS: In all, 37 participants completed the study. The results of the intragroup comparisons showed statistically significant improvements in both groups in the visual analogue scale (Osteopathic manipulation group, P= 0.000; Electrotherapy group, P= 0.005) and Oswestry disability index (Osteopathic manipulation group, P= 0.000; Electrotherapy group- P= 0.026) but not in the Roland Morris questionnaire (P= 0.121), which only improved in the intervention group (P= 0.01). The osteopathic manipulation was much more effective than electrotherapy improving to pain and functional disability. CONCLUSION: Osteopathic manipulation of the sacroiliac joint improves pain and disability in patients with sacroiliac dysfunction after three weeks of treatment.

14 Pags.- 4 Figs.- 1 Tabl. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022., Predicting the regional net greenhouse gas emissions (Net GHG) of grasslands is increasingly important, as these are one of the most globally widespread vegetation types, providing several ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed the regional soil organic carbon (SOC) change over a 30-year period (1981–2010), and the annual GHG balance for 405,000 ha of moist temperate Spanish grassland associated with dairy cow production. To do this we used the following: (i) an integrated modelling framework comprising geographic information systems (GIS); (ii) the RothC model to simulate SOC changes in managed grasslands under moist temperate conditions; and (iii) Tier 2 recent IPCC methods to estimate emissions. The results showed an average regional SOC change rate of 0.16 Mg C ha−1 year−1, associated with the initial SOC and livestock density. The annual GHG balance was positive, contributing to global warming by 5.6 Mg CO2-e ha−1 year−1. Livestock density was the main factor affecting net GHG emissions in the grasslands associated with dairy production in northern Spain. We determined a livestock density threshold of 0.95 LU ha−1, below which there is no SOC accumulation, and a threshold of approximately 0.4 LU ha−1, above which net GHG per livestock unit (LU) are reduced. In conclusion, our study confirms the importance of dairy cow grazing systems in preserving and/or enhancing SOC stocks in the grasslands of northern Spain. It is therefore crucial to optimise the livestock density considering large variety of feed intake and alternative manure management mitigation options to reduce the net GHG emissions., The study received financial support from the Fundación Cándido de Iturriaga y Maria del Dañobeitia. The BC3 is supported by the Basque Government through the Basque Excellence Research Centres (BERC) 2018–2021 programme, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through María de Maeztu excellence accreditation MDM-2017–0714, and the project RTA 2015–00058-C06-05. Agustin del Prado is financed through the Ramon y Cajal programme from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (RYC-2017–22143).

A lead ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) based on methacrylic acid (MAA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) as functional monomers has been synthesized by a radical precipitation method. The complex Pb-MAA-4VP was polymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker agent. The material was used in solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the determination of lead in infant formula samples. The physical-chemical properties of the IIP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and Freundlich and Dubinin-Raduskevich models. The IIP selectivity was determined in presence of Ca(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II), which are present in the infant formula sample. The proposed methodology (SPE-CE) for the determination of lead has a limit of detection of 0.5 µg L-1 and a limit of quantification of 1.5 µg L-1, with an intra and inter-day repeatability of less than 5 % RSD in all cases. Four of twenty samples were positive for lead with concentrations ranging from 10 to 43 µg kg-1, and the results were compared with ETAAS. ANOVA demonstrated no significant difference between the results obtained by SPE-CE and ETAAS (α = 0.05 %). Resumen. Se realizó la síntesis de un polímero impreso de iones (IIP) vía radicales libres para la extracción efectiva de plomo, empleando como monómeros funcionales ácido metacrilico (MAA) y 4-vinilpiridina (4VP). El complejo Pb-MAA-4VP fue polimerizado empleando al dimetacrilato de etilenglicol como agente entrecruzante. El polímero fue utilizado en un sistema de extracción en fase sólida (SPE) acoplado a electroforesis capilar (CE) en la determinación de plomo en muestras de fórmulas infantiles. El IIP óptimo fue caracterizado respecto a su morfología y propiedades fisicoquímicas mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido, espectroscopia IR e isotermas de adsorción (modelo Freundlich y Dubinin-Raduskevich). La selectividad del IIP se estudió en presencia de iones metálicos contenidos en las fórmulas infantiles tales como: Ca(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) y Cu(II). La metodología propuesta en el presente trabajo (IIP-SPE-CE) mostró límites de detección de 0.5 µg L-1 y límites de cuantificación de 1.5 µg L-1, con una repetitividad y reproducibilidad adecuadas (< 5 % DER) en todos los casos. Cuatro de las veinte muestras analizadas dieron positivo a la presencia de plomo con concentraciones entre 10 a 43 µg L-1, dichos resultados fueron comparados con una metodología de referencia (ETAAS). El análisis de ANOVA demostró que no existe diferencia significativa entre los resultados obtenidos por IIP-SPE-CE y ETAAS (α=0.05 %).

MEDA HS is the relative humidity sensor on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover provided by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). The sensor is a part of Mars Environmental Dynamic Analyzer (MEDA), a suite of environmental sensors provided by Centro de Astrobiología in Madrid, Spain.The accuracy requirement for MEDA HS relative humidity was ±10% RH for temperatures above -70 ºC, and ±20% RH for temperatures between -83...-73 ºC. Dynamic range from 0 to 100% RH shall cover the whole Martian temperature range from -83 ºC to -3 ºC. However it must be noted that during the daytime when the relative humidity drops close to zero, the readings are not scientifically meaningful due to the large relative uncertainty.MEDA HS flight model was tested and calibrated in Mars-like dry environment at FMI together with flight spare and ground reference models from +22 ºC to -70 ºC and in saturation conditions from -40 ºC down to -70 ºC. Further, the MEDA HS flight model final calibration is complemented by calibration data transferred from an identical ground reference model which has gone through extensive humidity calibration test campaign at DLR PASLAB. The MEDA HS has been calibrated to full relative humidity range between -70 to -40 ºC in CO2 in the pressure ranges from 5.5 to 9.5 hPa, representative of Martian surface atmospheric pressure, and partial range up to +22 ºC. For lower temperatures the results are extrapolated.The complex analysis of the MEDA HS measurement uncertainty has now been finalized and the results are presented in the conference. It has been found that the sensor exceeds the design requirements and will provide high accuracy relative humidity measurements from the Martian surface to provide important meteorological observations and to support MEDA and other M2020 investigations.

The aim of the study was to analyze the goals scored pattern in elite female soccer players. All goals (330) scored in the first half of the Spanish female national league (Iberdrola League) were analyzed using the Nacsport Scout Plus 6.0 New Assistant for Coach Sport SL software. The frequency, place and starting situation, position goal action, type and style of play, type of set play and action prior to goal score with a combination of space of the goal and scoring zones were analyzed. The periods with the greatest amount of goals were the last one of each half (18.2% and 26.1% respectively), and the teams that scored the first goal won 71% of matches. Open play, positional and first touch are the predominant actions prior to achieving a goal in elite female soccer players. It is also important to pay attention to the high number of steals in the center zone of the own side while designing defensive strategies. The relationship between the space of the goal and scoring zones shown that the majority of the close shoots enter throw the low part of the goal. These findings could be used for coaches to propose defensive strategies in female soccer players.