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This study analyzed the use of plants and fungi, some wild and some cultivated, in three municipalities of Lika-Senj County (Perušić, Gospić and Lovinac). The range of the study area was about 60 km. Forty in-depth semi-structured interviews were performed. The use of 111 plant taxa from 50 plant families and five taxa of mushrooms and fungi belonging to five families was recorded (on average 27 taxa per interview). The results showed quite large differences between the three studied areas in terms of ethnobotanical and ecological knowledge. In the Perušić area, (101 taxa mentioned), some people still use wild plants on a daily basis for various purposes. The most commonly noted plants are

This study analyzed the use of plants and fungi, some wild and some cultivated, in three municipalities of Lika-Senj County (Perušić, Gospić and Lovinac). The range of the study area was about 60 km. Forty in-depth semi-structured interviews were performed. The use of 111 plant taxa from 50 plant families and five taxa of mushrooms and fungi belonging to five families was recorded (on average 27 taxa per interview). The results showed quite large differences between the three studied areas in terms of ethnobotanical and ecological knowledge. In the Perušić area, (101 taxa mentioned), some people still use wild plants on a daily basis for various purposes. The most commonly noted plants are Prunus spinosa, Taraxacum spp., Rosa canina, Urtica dioica, Juglans regia and Fragaria vesca. In the Lovinac region, people used fewer species of plants (76 species mentioned). The most common species used there are: Rosa canina, Achillea millefolium, Cornus mas, Crataegus monogyna, Sambucus nigra and Prunus domestica. In the town of Gospić, the collection and use of plants was not so widespread, with only 61 species mentioned, the most common being: Achillea millefolium, Cornus mas, Sambucus nigra, Viola sp., Prunus domestica and Rosa canina. The medicinal use of herbal tea Rubus caesius and Cydonia oblonga against diarrhea was well known in the study area and is used medicinally, mainly in the rural parts of the Gospić area. The consumption of the Sorbus species (S. aria, S. domestica and S. torminalis) is an interesting local tradition in Perušić and Lovinac. Species that are difficult to find in nature today and are no longer used include: Veratrum sp., Rhamnus alpinum ssp. fallax, Gentiana lutea and Ribes uva-crispa. The use of Chenopodium album has also died out. We can assume that the differences in ethnobotanical knowledge between the three studied areas are partly due to minor differences in climate and topography, while other causes lie in the higher degree of rurality and stronger ties to nature in the Lovinac and Perušić areas. The most important finding of the study is the use of the parasitic fungus Taphrina pruni (Fuckel) Tul. as a snack. The use of Helleborus dumetorum for ethnoveterinary practices is also worth noting. The traditional use of plants in the study area shows many signs of abandonment, and therefore efforts must be made to maintain the knowledge recorded in our study.

State boundaries limit human contacts in a homogenous context of a landscape and its natural features, including plants. After nine centuries of separation, finally the two territories in Slovenia share the same political history. In this paper we tried to answer the question to which extent the past political borders, geographical and cultural drivers affect today’s traditional knowledge on wild plants use of Slovenians, living unified in the same political entity. Data were collected using 60 in-depth semi-structured interviews, from March to August 2019, in two municipalities: Komen at Karst and Izola in Istria concerning food, medicinal, economic use, and local customs. The results indicate a quite large divergence in ethnobotanical and ecological knowledge between the two studied areas. In the Komen area, many people still use wild plants daily for various purposes (Taraxacum officinale, Melissa officinalis, Urtica dioica, Cornus mas, and Sambucus nigra). In contrast, this is limited to fewer people in the Izola area and mainly to seasonal use of specific plants (Asparagus acutifolius, Rosa canina, Salvia officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare and Rubus caesius). Unusual for the Mediterranean is the use of young shoots of Clematis vitalba, in the Izola area prepared as omelettes. We can assume that these differences are partly due to minor differences in climatic conditions and partly due to the influence of different cultures and cuisines. In the first place, the impact of Austro-Hungarian eating habits and cuisine can be seen on the area around Komen. Moreover, temporal “layers of knowledge” across the time scale are additionally mixed by the immigration of people from other parts of Slovenia or abroad, or with the influence of local herbal specialists. At last, we conclude Komen area knowledge is alive and homogeneous, and more connected to their local identity.

Aim of study: This paper evaluates the effect of pre-accession EU grants on beneficiaries in the agri-food sector using a quasi-experimental approach on the case of Croatia. An insight into the available literature reveals a lack of rigorous research and evaluation of the results of using these funds in Croatia as well as in other beneficiary countries.Area of study: Republic of Croatia, Europe (2006–2017).Material and methods: Two datasets were used: (1) financial and structural data on the population of Croatian enterprises for the 2003–2017 period, and (2) data on SAPARD and IPARD grants in the 2007–2016 period. Data were analyzed using counterfactual impact analysis, i.e., a combination of difference-in-difference approach and propensity score matching.Main results: The grants showed to have a positive effect on firm survival, as well as positive effects on obtaining bank loans and increasing turnover, value added, employment, and total factor productivity. Heterogeneous treatment effects show that the grants resulted in the greatest additionality for micro-sized firms located in Central Croatia. Cost-benefit analysis estimates an increase in the value added, which outweighs scheme-induced costs by 120% in the short run and 90% in the mid run.Research highlights: Pre-accession programs in Croatia had a positive impact on the beneficiaries’ growth and business performance indicators in both short and mid term. This paper also promotes the application of similar research in other EU candidate countries where the same or similar funds are implemented.

Sjeme konoplje je nutricionistički vrijedan proizvod koji se sve više koristi u prehrambenoj i industriji dodataka prehrani. Dobiva se od industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa L.), višestruko iskoristive biljke, koja se nakon nekoliko desetljeća ponovo uzgaja u Hrvatskoj zahvaljujući prilagodbi zakonskog okvira. Cilj ovog rada je bio ispitati mogućnosti ekološke proizvodnje industrijske konoplje na području kontinentalne Hrvatske i to na primjeru Općine Križ. Usporedbom agroekoloških uvjeta na području općine i zahtjeva industrijske konoplje prema tlu, klimi i vodi, ustanovljeno je da u tom pogledu prepreke za uzgoj ne postoje. Postojeća poljoprivredna gospodarstva se u najvećem broju bave ratarskom proizvodnjom što znači da posjeduju nužne resurse za obradu tla i njegu usjeva. Većina od 145 ispitanika koji su sudjelovali u on-line anketi je čula za proizvode od sjemena konoplje (65 %), i to najviše za ulje. Nadalje, ispitanici s područja Općine Križ su u 54 % slučajeva izjavili kako im je ideja o ekološkoj proizvodnji industrijske konoplje za sjeme zanimljiva. Rezultati financijske analize ukazuju na isplativost uzgoja konoplje za sjeme (Ekonomičnost=1,9). Za uvođenje industrijske konoplje u strukturu sjetve i širenje ove proizvodnje potrebno je raditi na promociji ove kulture među poljoprivrednicima i na potencijalnom tržištu. Zainteresiranim proizvođačima treba pružiti pomoć u organiziranju, nabavi potrebne opreme i inputa te usvajanju suvremene tehnologije ekološkog uzgoja industrijske konoplje. Pri tome je organizacijska i savjetodavna potpora možda i važnija od financijske. Tu se kao jedno od rješenja nameće povezivanje s postojećim organizacijama, ustanovama i poduzećima koje se bave industrijskom konopljom na području Hrvatske i Europske unije.

Postojeće procjene utjecaja programa SAPARD i IPARD u Hrvatskoj ne daju informaciju o njihovom učinku na financijske pokazatelje poslovanja korisnika potpora, kako na razini pojedinog korisnika tako i na agregatnoj razini. Postojeće ex post evaluacije se bave procjenom uspješnosti provedbe programa korištenjem indikatora ostvarenja kao što su broj korisnika i isplaćeni iznos potpore po mjerama i ukupno za program. Ovim indikatorima možemo odrediti uspješnost administracije (ministarstava i agencije za plaćanja), no ne i utjecaj na poslovni uspjeh korisnika te ne možemo odrediti širu javnu, odnosno društvenu korist. U ovom radu je istražena povezanost potpora SAPARD-a i IPARD-a s financijskim pokazateljima uspješnosti poduzeća korisnika primjenom usporedne analize pokazatelja prije dobivanja potpore i pokazatelja u razdoblju do pet godina nakon dobivanja potpore. Gledano za sve korisnike zajedno, utvrđeno je da financijski pokazatelji nakon dobivanja potpore nisu značajno različiti od istih pokazatelja prije dobivanja potpore. Provjerom po skupinama korisnika s obzirom na područje djelatnosti i veličinu poduzeća, značajne razlike za pojedine pokazatelje ustanovljene su kod određenih skupina po veličini. Rezultati pokazuju da su u razredu mikro poduzeća prihod i profitabilnost značajno veći u prve dvije do tri godine nakon primanja potpore. Zanimljivo je da su značajne razlike kod velikih poduzeća ustanovljene u petoj godini od dobivanja potpore, pri čemu su prihodi od prodaje značajno veći nego prije dobivanja potpore, dok su profitabilnost, zaposlenost i financijska stabilnost manji. Općenito gledano, rezultati ukazuju na slabu vezu između potpora i promatranih pokazatelja. No, s obzirom na to da je u istraživanju primijenjen naive pristup koji ne omogućuje kauzalno zaključivanje, to je za preciznu ocjenu doprinosa potpora uočenim razlikama potrebno obaviti dodatna istraživanja primjenom protučinjeničnog ili sličnog pristupa., The existing evaluations of SAPARD and IPARD in Croatia do not provide information on their impact on financial performance of beneficiaries, both at individual company and at aggregate level. Existing ex-post evaluations are concerned with assessing the implementation success of the programs using performance indicators such as the number of beneficiaries and the amount of support granted per measure and in total. These indicators can be used to determine the success of public administration (ministries and paying agency??) but not to determine the influence on business success of beneficiaries or to determine the broader public or social benefit. This paper explores the relation of SAPARD and IPARD grants with the financial performance indicators of the beneficiary companies, using a comparative analysis of pre-grant indicators and indicators up to 5 years after the grant. Taken all the beneficiaries together, the financial indicators after receiving grants were not significantly different from the same indicators prior to receiving grants. Through comparison by groups of beneficiaries with regard to the business sector and size of the company, significant differences in individual indicators were found for certain groups by size. The results show that in the micro-enterprise class, sales revenues and profitability are significantly higher in the first 2-3 years after receiving support. Interestingly, significant differences are found in large enterprises in the 5th year after receipt of the aid, with sales revenues significantly higher than before receiving the aid, while profitability, employment and financial stability are lower. In general, the results indicate a weak link between grants and observed indicators. However, since a naive approach was applied, which does not allow causal inference, additional investigations are required to assess the contribution of the grants to the differences observed.

Rastuća potražnja za funkcionalnom hranom dovela je i do povećanog interesa potrošača za mikrozelenjem, odnosno mladim izdancima različitog povrća, aromatičnog bilja i žitarica. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je definirati lanac opskrbe mikrozelenjem u Hrvatskoj, istražiti motive članova opskrbnog lanca za uvođenje mikrozelenja u svoje poslovanje, kao i ispitati mogućnosti razvoja ovog tržišta. Provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje uz pomoć polustrukturiranih intervjua s 11 članova lanca opskrbe: 4 proizvođača, 5 trgovaca i 2 restorana. Iako je ponuda mikrozelenja relativno mala na domaćem tržištu, rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se koriste različiti kanali za njegovu prodaju: restorani, supermarketi, trgovine zdrave hrane, gradske tržnice, sajmovi i prodaja na gospodarstvu. Glavni motivi pokretanja proizvodnje su dodatni prihod, relativno jednostavna proizvodna tehnologija i želja za inovativnošću u poslovanju. Trgovci na malo uveli su mikrozelenje u svoj asortiman zbog potražnje potrošača i zbog visokih hranjivih vrijednosti mikrozelenja. Restorani su unijeli mikrozelenje u svoje jelovnike slijedeći trendove moderne kuhinje. U skoroj budućnosti očekuje se značajan porast potrošnje mikrozelenja, što će dovesti i do povećanja ponude u smislu količina i asortimana. Međutim, jedna od glavnih prepreka budućem rastu tržišta jeste slaba informiranost potrošača o mikrozelenju., The growing demand for functional foods has led to the increased consumer interest in micro-greens, i.e. seedlings of edible vegetables, aromatic herbs and cereals. The aim of this research was to define the microgreens supply chain in Croatia, to investigate the motives of the supply chain members for introducing microgreens into their business, as well as to explore development possibilities of this market. Qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 11 chain members: 4 manufacturers, 5 retailers and 2 restaurants. Although the supply of microgreens is relatively small in the domestic market, microgreens are sold through different selling channels: restaurants, supermarkets, health food stores, city markets, fairs and farm sales. The main motives for introduction of microgreens by producers are additional income, undemanding production technology and the desire for innovation. Traders have introduced microgreens into their offer because of consumer demand and the recognized high nutritional value of microgreens. Restaurants started to offer microgreens following modern cuisine trends. In the near future, a significant increase in the consumption of microgreens is expected, which will also increase quantity and assortment of supply. However, one of the major obstacles to future market growth is poor consumer awareness of microgreens.

Uvođenjem Sustava poljoprivrednih knjigovodstvenih podataka (FADN) u Hrvatskoj 2013. godine stvoreni su uvjeti za sustavno praćenje prihoda i rashoda na reprezentativnom uzorku poljoprivrednih gospodarstava. U ovom radu korišteni su podaci za razdoblje od 2013. do 2015. godine, i to za sljedeće tipove gospodarstava: govedarska mliječna gospodarstva (tip MLI), ostala govedarska gospodarstva (tip GOV), svinjogojska gospodarstva (tip SVI) i peradarska gospodarstva (PER). Ustanovljene su statistički značajne razlike između tipova u prosječnim vrijednostima za većinu analiziranih pokazatelja. Prosječni troškovi hrane po uvjetnom grlu statistički se razlikuju i iznose od 5.566 HRK za tip SVI do 7.930 HRK za tip PER. Iako se prosječni udjel troškova hrane za domaće životinje u ukupnim troškovima razlikuje među tipovima gospodarstava, te razlike nisu statistički značajne. No, prosječni udjel vlastite hrane u troškovima hrane za domaće životinje značajno varira, i to od svega 10% (tip PER) do 83% (tip MLI). Troškovi hrane za domaće životinje po UG-u i udjel troškova hrane u ukupnim troškovima nisu korelirani s rezultatom poslovanja gospodarstva. Slaba negativna korelacija utvrđena je između udjela vlastite hrane u ukupnom trošku hrane za domaće životinje i ukupnih pokazatelja gospodarstva: broj UG-a, vrijednost proizvodnje i prodaje, ukupni troškovi i specifični troškovi (-0,277.)

Uvođenjem Sustava poljoprivrednih knjigovodstvenih podataka (FADN) u Hrvatskoj 2013. godine stvoreni su uvjeti za sustavno praćenje prihoda i rashoda na reprezentativnom uzorku poljoprivrednih gospodarstava. U ovom radu korišteni su podaci za razdoblje od 2013. do 2015. godine, i to za sljedeće tipove gospodarstava: govedarska mliječna gospodarstva (tip MLI), ostala govedarska gospodarstva (tip GOV), svinjogojska gospodarstva (tip SVI) i peradarska gospodarstva (PER). Ustanovljene su statistički značajne razlike između tipova u prosječnim vrijednostima za većinu analiziranih pokazatelja. Prosječni troškovi hrane po uvjetnom grlu statistički se razlikuju i iznose od 5.566 HRK za tip SVI do 7.930 HRK za tip PER. Iako se prosječni udjel troškova hrane za domaće životinje u ukupnim troškovima razlikuje među tipovima gospodarstava, te razlike nisu statistički značajne. No, prosječni udjel vlastite hrane u troškovima hrane za domaće životinje značajno varira, i to od svega 10% (tip PER) do 83% (tip MLI). Troškovi hrane za domaće životinje po UG-u i udjel troškova hrane u ukupnim troškovima nisu korelirani s rezultatom poslovanja gospodarstva. Slaba negativna korelacija utvrđena je između udjela vlastite hrane u ukupnom trošku hrane za domaće životinje i ukupnih pokazatelja gospodarstva: broj UG-a, vrijednost proizvodnje i prodaje, ukupni troškovi i specifični troškovi (-0,277, With the establishment of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2013, the conditions for systematic monitoring of revenues and expenditures on a representative sample of agricultural holdings were created in Croatia. This paper uses data for the period 2013-2015 for the following types of farms: dairy farms (MLI), other cattle farms (GOV), pig farms (SVI) and poultry farms (PER). Statistically significant differences in means between the types are found for most or the analysed indicators. The average cost of feed per livestock unit varies from HRK 5,566 for type SVI up to HRK 7,930 for type PER. Although the average proportion of feed costs in total costs differs among types of farms, the differences are not statistically significant. However, the average share of own feed in the total costs of feed varies significantly, from only 10% (type PER) to 83% (type MLI). Feed costs for domestic animals per livestock unit (LU), as well as share of feed costs in total farm costs, are not found to be significantly correlated with the farm business performance. A weak negative correlation is found between the share of own feed in the total cost of feed, and the following farm business indicators: number of LU, total value of production, total value of sales, total costs and total specific farm costs (-0.277

Th e paper presents the fi rst ethnobotanical application of Ellenberg indicator values, which are widely used in European plant ecology. The aim of the study was to fi nd out if Ellenberg values (indicating habitat preferences) differ for wild food and medicinal plants used in north- eastern Istria (Croatia). We used Ellenberg-Pignatti values (the version of Ellenberg values used in this part of Europe). Fift y semi-structured interviews were carried out among local key informants, asking which wild food and medicinal plants they used. The mean number of food and medicinal plants mentioned per interview was 30. Altogether, 121 species were recorded as food or medicine used or previously used in the study area. Thirty-one species are used exclusively as food or everyday drink, 50 species are used exclusively as medicine and 40 species are used for both food and medicine. The most commonly used exclusively food species are: Cornus mas, Cichorium intybus, Chenopodium album, Prunus domestica, Pyrus amygdaliformis, Rubus idaeus, Clematis vitalba, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Fragaria vesca and Allium ampeloprasum. The most commonly exclusively medicinal species are: Achillea millefolium, Tilia platyphyllos, Hypericum perforatum, Sempervivum tectorum, Artemisia absinthium, Plantago lanceolata, Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra, Althaea officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, and Pinus nigra. The most commonly used food-medicine spectrum species are: Rubus caesius, Sambucus nigra, Urtica dioica, Dioscoraea communis, Taraxacum spp., Asparagus acutifolius, Rosa canina, Foeniculum vulgare, Prunus spinosa and Sorbus domestica. There were no signifi cant differences between Ellenberg values for food and medicinal plants, apart from the Nitrogen indicator value – the plants used exclusively as food had a signifi cantly higher index than those used in medicine. This probably stems from the fact that plants with soft fl eshy shoots are attractive as food and they are more likely to come from nitrogen-rich ruderal habitats. Food plants and medicinal plants are collected from a variety of habitats and no clear diff erence between the two categories of plants was detected, however further testing of Ellenberg values in ethnobotanical studies could be interesting.

Cilj rada je prikazati stanje i trendove u uspješnosti visokoškolskog obrazovanja u području agrarne ekonomike na Agronomskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Na ovom visokom učilištu načela Bolonjske deklaracije primjenjuju se od 2005. godine. Tada je upisana prva generacija agrarnih ekonomista na preddiplomski studij Agrarna ekonomika koji traje šest semestara. Godine 2008. upisana je i prva generacija na diplomski studij Agrobiznis i ruralni razvitak u trajanju od četiri semestra. Podaci referade Agronomskog fakulteta obrađeni su pomoću SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences 17.0) paketa, a za utvrđivanje povezanosti između varijabli korišten je χ² test. Varijable prema kojima se ocjenjivala uspješnost studiranja su: razina (vrsta) studija, akademska godina upisa studenata na studije, prosjeci ocjena položenih ispita na preddiplomskom i na diplomskom studiju, broj položenih ispita na studijima, broj prikupljenih ECTS bodova, srednjoškolsko obrazovanje po vrsti srednje škole, završeni preddiplomski studij, županija u kojoj je završena srednja škola i spol studenta. Istraživanjem raspoloživih podataka ustanovljeno je da je značajno više upisanih polaznika bilo ženskog spola, gimnazijskog srednjoškolskog obrazovanja i da su srednju školu završili na području Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Prva tzv. „bolonjska generacija“ studenata pokazala se najuspješnijom u pokazateljima kao što su prosjek ocjena, broj položenih ispita i broj prikupljeni ECTS bodova, kako na preddiplomskom tako i na diplomskom studiju. Istraživanje je nadalje pokazalo da bolje rezultate na studiju postižu studenti ženskog spola, dok srednjoškolsko obrazovanje i županija odakle dolaze studenti ne pokazuju utjecaj na razinu uspješnosti. Studenti upisani na diplomski studij Agrobiznis i ruralni razvitak na Agronomskom fakultetu završili su stručni ili sveučilišni diplomski studij. S obzirom na preddiplomski studij koji su završili, studenti ne pokazuju manju ili veću razinu uspješnosti., The aim of this paper is to present the situation and trends in the performance of higher education in the field of agricultural economics at the University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture. At this University the principles of the Bologna declaration are implemented since 2005. That year the first generation of agricultural economists was admitted to undergraduate study named Agrarian Economics, which lasts for six semesters. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences 17.0) package, and to determine the relationship between the variables the χ ² test was used. Variables according to which the success of the study was evaluated are: the level (type of) studies, an academic year of enrollment in the study, the average score on the exams at the undergraduate and graduate level, the number of exams passed at the studies, the number of accumulated ECTS points, secondary education by the type of the secondary school and the county in which the school was finished, completed undergraduate studies, and the gender of the students. In 2008 the first generation was admitted to the graduate studies named Agribusiness and Rural Development in the duration of four semesters. Analysis of the available data showed that significantly more registered students were female, with high school education and completed secondary school in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County. The first so-called "Bologna-generation" students proved to be the most successful in indicators such as grade point average, number of examinations and the number of collected ECTS points, both at the undergraduate and graduate level. The research further showed that female students achieved better results, while secondary education, and counties where students came from did not show effect on the level of success. Students enrolled in the graduate study Agribusiness and Rural Development at the Faculty of Agriculture completed professional or university graduate program. With regard to completed undergraduate studies ,the students did not show a lower or higher level of success.

Rural areas in Croatia have great resources in the shape of natural assets and landscapes, which is an excellent basis for the economic development and rural employment. In this context, integrated water resources management is an issue of high significance. The prevailing system of uncoordinated water resources management cannot sustain the increasing water needs of the various expanding factors. This study focuses on the activities cut across the rural, environmental and socio-economic issues of water resource management in Zadar region (Croatia). The problems associated with inadequate management of natural resources have to be solved systematically by a participatory approach established on several key issues: (1) agricultural development with strengthening farmers’ organization, (2) rural infrastructure by investment in irrigation infrastructure, and (3) irrigation related environmental and social measures. The review of institutional and legislative support to optimize performance of the irrigation system was done, as well as the measures that promote sustainable use of natural resources.

With the tremendous changes in political and economic systems of the Republic of Croatia after independence, new challenges have been put to the higher education system as well. The system used to be structured to serve a centrally planed economy with predominantly state ownership. Universities were producing graduates to be employed on statefarms,inagri-foodsystems(socalled„kombinats“),the state owned processing industry or cooperatives. The graduates were specialised in particular branches, such as crop production, vegetable production or livestock husbandry. Therefore, they were not educated to understand the whole system of a company or the agri-food system. In one word, they were not prepared to run firms as managers, although they were highly educated. Small and medium size entrepreneurs in agri-food business have been rather an exception than a rule, and prior to the transition there was not to much experience in managing, financing or marketing for such a firms.

Development of business cooperation is one of the basic preconditions for a successful transition of Croatian agriculture and for increasing its competitiveness on the national and international markets. This research conducted in the Zagreb rural area was an attempt at answering what the farmer's general attitude was towards business cooperation in agriculture as well as the influence of socio-demographic and psychological characteristics on their willingness to cooperate. With regard to the declaratively expressed readiness for business cooperation, the farmers were divided into four groups "very willing", "willing", "less willing" and "unwilling". Statistically significant differences have been found between these groups with regard to: past experience and current inclusion in some form of business cooperation; level of education and psychological characteristics: innovativeness and entrepreneurship. The research shows a group of "more experienced" and more educated farmers showing more entrepreneurship and innovativeness which should be the basis of the process of development and more effective involvement of farmers into business cooperation systems in agriculture., Razvitak poslovnoga povezivanja među seljacima (zajedničkog rada, kooperacije i sl.) jedna je od temeljnih pretpostavaka uspješ noga preustroja hrvatske poljoprivrede, odnosno povećanja njezine konkurentnosti, na domaćem i na svjetskom tržištu. Istraživanjem koje je provedeno na ruralnom području Grada Zagreba pokušalo se odgovoriti na pitanje kakav je općenito odnos seljaka prema poslovnom povezivanju u poljoprivredi te u kojoj mjeri sociodemografska i psihološka obilježja ispitanika utječu na njihovu "voljnost" za poslovno povezivanje. Na osnovi deklarativno izražene voljnosti seljaka za poslovno povezivanje dobivene su četiri skupine "jako voljni", "voljni", "manje voljni" i "nevoljni". Statistički značajne razlike među tim skupinama seljaka utvrđene su s obzirom na dosadašnje iskustvo i aktivno sudjelovanje u nekom od oblika poslovnoga povezivanja, s obzirom na stupanj naobrazbe te s obzirom na psihološke osobine: inovativnost i poduzetnost. Istraživanje pokazuje da među seljacima postoji skupina "iskusnijih", izobraženijih i poduzetnijih koji trebaju biti oslonac u procesu razvitka i učinkovitijeg uključivanja seljaka u sustave poslovnoga povezivanja u poljoprivredi., Die Entwicklung geschäftlicher Verbindungen unter Landwirten (gemeinschaftliche Arbeiten, Kooperationen u.Ä.) ist eine der Grundvoraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Umstrukturierung der kroatischen Landwirtschaft bzw. für eine Steigerung ihrer Konkurrenzfähigkeit im In- und Ausland. Eine Untersuchung, die in den ländlichen Gebieten um die kroatische Hauptstadt Zagreb durchgeführt wurde, sollte zeigen, welche Einstellung die Landwirte zur Herstellung geschäftlicher Kontakte haben. Dabei wollte man sehen, inwiefern diese Einstellung von den soziodemographischen und psychologischen Merkmalen der Untersuchungsteilnehmer beeinflusst wird. Aufgrund der deklarativ geäußerten Bereitschaft zur geschäftlichen Kooperation konnten vier Gruppen von Landwirten unterschieden werden: Die verschiedenen Gruppen äußerten sich jeweils "sehr [zur Zusammenarbeit] bereit", "bereit", "wenig bereit" und "nicht bereit". Es ergaben sich statistisch relevante Unterschiede zwischen diesen Gruppen hinsichtlich der bisherigen Erfahrung sowie bezüglich der aktiven Teilnahme an irgendeiner Form geschäftlicher Zusammenarbeit; Unterschiede ergaben sich außerdem in Bezug auf den Bildungsstand und die psychischen Eigenschaften von Innovativität und Unternehmergeist. Die Untersuchung zeigte, dass es unter den kroatischen Landwirten "erfahrenere", unternehmungslustigere und solche mit höherem Bildungsstand gibt, auf die sich die Förderung der Landwirtschaft und die Beteiligung von Landwirten an Systemen geschäftlicher Kooperation innerhalb der Landwirtschaft stützen muss.

U radu se opisuju mogućnosti informacijsko-komunikacijskih sustava ponajprije s aspekta primjene u koncepciji globalnog razvoja agrokompleksa. Naime, za razliku od ostalih informacijskih sustava informacijsko-komunikacijski sustavi kao otvoreni sustavi bave se prikupljanjem, obradom i distribucijom različitih informacijskih sadržajnih formi u cjelokupnom fizičkom komunikacijskom prostoru. Fizički komunikacijski prostori su komunikacijske mreže koje omogćuju pretvarivanje bilo koje lokacije u mreži s bilo koje druge lokacije u istoj mreži. Rad je prije svega orijentiran na Internet komunikacijski prostor i sustave koji se na njemu koriste. Posebice se u radu prezentiraju GOPHER i WWW SUSTAV za pretvaravanje mreže i kretanje po drugim informacijskim servisima. Zatim WAIS - servis za pretvaravanje baza podataka, ARCHIE za pronalaženje mrežnih resursa, WAOIS, NETFIND i X500 za pronalaženje korisnika kompjutora i njihovih adresa na informacijskoj mreži. Opisuju se i servisi za pronalaženje programa - TRICKCE - i za distribuciju elektonike pošte LISTSERV, te USENET koji radi na načelu centralizirane baze poruka. Želimo li u daljnjem razvoju agrokompleksa Hrvatske pratiti najnovija stremljenja u znanstveno-istraživačkom, tehničko-tehnološkom i organizacijsko-ekonomskom razvoju poljoprivreda razvijenih zemalja, nužno smo upućeni na informacijsko- komunikacijske sustave. Kako u informacijskom društvu koje neminovno kuca i na naša vrata informacija postaje osnovni resurs, a informacijsko- komunikacijski sustavi omogućavaju njeno pribavljanje na najučinkovitiji način, upućivanje na korištenje ovakvih sustava u razvoju agrokompleksa ne možemo shvatiti kao jednu od alternativa, već kao nuždu., In the paper we describe possibilities of information-communication systems in context of it's applying in concept of global development of agricultural system. Unlike other information systems, information-communication systems, as open systems, are used for gathering, processing and distribution of different information forms in whole physical communication space. Physical communication spaces are communication network that enable searching across any location in the network from other location. Firstly, paper is oriented on INTERNET communication space and on systems we can use on it. Especially, in the paper are presented GOPHER and WWW systems for searching through network and moving across other information services. Then WAIS as service for searching for data in data bases, ARCHIE for finding of network resources, and WAOIS, NETFIND and X500 for finding of information about computer users on the network. As well as mentioned, we describe network services for searching on software (TRICKCE) and for distribution of E-mail (LISTSERV), and USENET service which work on the principles of centralized base of messages. If the Croatian agriculture development wants to follow new movements in scientific, research, technical, technological, organization and economical development of developed agriculture's, we obviously need to use information-communication systems. Information is main resource in information society which knocking on Croatia door too. If we know information-communication systems are the best tool for gathering information from wide space, usage of such systems is not just one of alternatives but one and only.

Pokret lokalne hrane postao je brzo rastući trend na svjetskom tržištu hrane. Zbog navedenog, ciljevi istraživanja su utvrditi kako potrošači u Hrvatskoj percipiraju lokalnu hranu te ispitati njihovo ponašanje u kupnji i potrošnji lokalne hrane. Online anketno ispitivanje provedeno je na uzorku od 402 ispitanika s područja Republike Hrvatske. Više od polovice ispitanika je upoznato sa značenjem pojma lokalno proizvedene hrane i pri tome je definiraju kao hranu proizvedenu u blizini mjesta življenja te koja je proizvedena i prodana unutar usko određenog geografskog područja (do 60km udaljenosti). Visok udio ispitanika poistovjećuje lokalnu hranu s tradicionalnom hranom, te je definiraju kao tradicionalnu hranu ili jelo tipično za neki lokalitet ili područje. Većina ispitanika lokalno proizvedenu hranu kupuje nekoliko puta mjesečno i to najčešće na gradskim tržnicama i izravno od proizvođača. U kupnji lokalne proizvedene hrane, kategorije proizvoda koje se najčešće kupuju su voće i povrće, jaja, mlijeko i mliječni proizvodi. Najvažnijim osobnim motivima za kupnju lokalne hrane ispitanici ocjenjuju svježinu, okus i kvalitetu lokalne hrane. Među altruističkim ili društvenim motivima, ispitanici ocjenjuju kao najvažniji podršku malim lokalnim proizvođačima hrane i lokalnom gospodarstvu. Visok udio ispitanika spreman je platiti 10-20% višu cijenu za lokalno proizvedenu hranu. Kroz razne kampanje o važnosti kupnje i konzumacije lokalne hrane, edukacijama i podizanjem svijesti o lokalno proizvedenoj hrani i njenom pozitivnom utjecaju na zdravlje, okoliš i gospodarstvo moguća je njena veća zastupljenost na tržištu hrane. Rezultati ovog istraživanja daju smjernice proizvođačima i trgovcima lokalne hrane za kreiranje marketinških strategija kojima će povećati zadovoljstvo potrošača na predmetnom tržištu.