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Background/Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women all over the world and new treatment options are urgent. ER stress in cancer cells results in apoptotic cell death, and it is being proposed as a new therapeutic target. SH003, a newly developed herbal medicine, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects. However, its molecular mechanism is not yet clearly defined. Materials and Methods: Microarray was performed to check the differential gene expression patterns in various breast cancer cell lines. Cell viability was measured by MTT assays to detect cytotoxic effects. Annexin V-FITC and 7AAD staining, TUNEL assay and DCF-DA staining were analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate apoptosis and ROS levels, respectively. Protein expression was examined in SH003-breast cancer cells using immunoblotting assays. The expression of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. The effects of CHOP by SH003 treatment were investigated using transfection method. Results: Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which SH003 causes apoptosis of human breast cancer cells. Both cell viability and apoptosis assays confirmed the SH003-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, SH003 altered the expression patterns of several genes in a variety of breast cancer cell lines. More specifically, it upregulated gene sets including the response to unfolded proteins, independently of the breast cancer cell subtype. In addition, SH003-induced apoptosis was due to an increase in ROS production and an activation of the ER stress-signaling pathway. Moreover, CHOP gene silencing blocked SH003-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: SH003 causes apoptosis of breast cancer cells by upregulating ROS production and activating the ER stress-mediated pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that SH003 can be a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.

It is well established that sarcopenic obesity (SO) is linked to many diseases such as metabolic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, but there is little known about the relationship between SO and hepatic fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease. This study compared body composition contents in patients with non-obesity (NOb) and SO using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and investigated the relationship between hepatic fibrosis and SO factors. This retrospective study enrolled 60 patients (28 NOb; 32 SO) from June 2014 to December 2020. Patients underwent histopathologic investigation where they classified fibrosis stages based on the Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis fibrosis scoring system. Muscle and fat areas at the third lumber vertebra level were assessed. The variation in the areas of muscle (MA), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) among fibrosis stages, and associations between hepatic fibrosis and SO factors, were analyzed. There were significant differences in SAT and VAT (p < 0.001), whereas there was no difference in MA (p = 0.064). There were significant differences in MA/SAT (p = 0.009), MA/VAT (p < 0.001), and MA/(SAT+VAT) (p < 0.001). In all the patients, hepatic fibrosis positively correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase level (AST, R = 0.324; p = 0.025). Especially in SO patients, hepatic fibrosis closely correlated with body mass index (BMI, R = 0.443; p = 0.011), AST (R = 0.415; p = 0.044), VAT (R = 0.653; p < 0.001), MA/VAT (R = −0.605; p < 0.001), and MA/(SAT+VAT) (R = −0.416; p = 0.018). However, there was no association in NOb patients. This study demonstrated that SO patients had larger SAT and VAT than NOb patients. Hepatic fibrosis in SO positively correlated with body visceral fat composition in combination with BMI and AST level. These findings will be useful for understanding the relationship between the hepatic manifestation of fibrosis and body fat composition in sarcopenia and SO.

In real-world scenarios we often need to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is an adequate method to do so, but usually requires datasets labeled for all tasks. We propose a method that can leverage datasets labeled for only some of the tasks in the MTL framework. Our work, Knowledge Assembly (KA), learns multiple tasks from disjoint datasets by leveraging the unlabeled data in a semi-supervised manner, using model augmentation for pseudo-supervision. Whilst KA can be implemented on any existing MTL networks, we test our method on jointly learning person re-identification (reID) and pedestrian attribute recognition (PAR). We surpass the single task fully-supervised performance by $4.2\%$ points for reID and $0.9\%$ points for PAR., Accepted at CVPRW'23

Electrical stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases and neurological disorders. Computational modeling is an important approach to understand the mechanisms underlying tDCS and optimize treatment planning. When applying computational modeling to treatment planning, uncertainties exist due to insufficient conductivity information inside the brain. In this feasibility study, we performed in vivo MR-based conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) experiments on the entire brain to precisely estimate the tissue response to the electrical stimulation. A recent CTI method was applied to obtain low-frequency conductivity tensor images. Subject-specific three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) of the head were implemented by segmenting anatomical MR images and integrating a conductivity tensor distribution. The electric field and current density of brain tissues following electrical stimulation were calculated using a conductivity tensor-based model and compared to results using an isotropic conductivity model from literature values. The current density by the conductivity tensor was different from the isotropic conductivity model, with an average relative difference |rD| of 52 to 73%, respectively, across two normal volunteers. When applied to two tDCS electrode montages of C3-FP2 and F4-F3, the current density showed a focused distribution with high signal intensity which is consistent with the current flowing from the anode to the cathode electrodes through the white matter. The gray matter tended to carry larger amounts of current densities regardless of directional information. We suggest this CTI-based subject-specific model can provide detailed information on tissue responses for personalized tDCS treatment planning.

BackgroundAltered innate defense mechanisms, including an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants release, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study is to investigate whether oxidative stress may attenuate the secretion of anti-viral interferons in human sinonasal mucosa.MethodsThe levels of H2O2 in nasal secretion were increased in patients with CRS with nasal polyps, compared with that of CRS patients without nasal polyps and control subjects. Normal sinonasal epithelial cells derived from healthy subjects were cultured under an air-liquid interface. The cultured cells were infected with rhinovirus 16 (RV 16) or treated with poly (I: C), TLR3 agonist, after being pretreated with an oxidative stressor, H2O2 or antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Thereafter, the expression levels of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 and λ2) interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were evaluated with RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blot.ResultsThe data showed that the production of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 and λ2) interferons and ISGs was upregulated in cells infected with RV 16 or treated with poly (I: C). However, their up-regulated expression was attenuated in cells pretreated with H2O2, but not inhibited in cells pretreated with NAC. In line with these data, the up-regulated expression of TLR3, RIG-1, MDA5, and IRF3 was reduced in cells pretreated with H2O2, but not attenuated in cells treated with NAC. Furthermore, cells transfected with Nrf2 siRNA showed decreased secretion of anti-viral interferons whereas sulforaphane treatment enhanced the secretory capacity of antiviral interferons.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the production of RV16-induced antiviral interferons may be attenuated by oxidative stress.

Improving multi-view aggregation is integral for multi-view pedestrian detection, which aims to obtain a bird's-eye-view pedestrian occupancy map from images captured through a set of calibrated cameras. Inspired by the success of attention modules for deep neural networks, we first propose a Homography Attention Module (HAM) which is shown to boost the performance of existing end-to-end multiview detection approaches by utilizing a novel channel gate and spatial gate. Additionally, we propose Booster-SHOT, an end-to-end convolutional approach to multiview pedestrian detection incorporating our proposed HAM as well as elements from previous approaches such as view-coherent augmentation or stacked homography transformations. Booster-SHOT achieves 92.9% and 94.2% for MODA on Wildtrack and MultiviewX respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art by 1.4% on Wildtrack and 0.5% on MultiviewX, achieving state-of-the-art performance overall for standard evaluation metrics used in multi-view pedestrian detection., Arxiv preprint

Although left atrial (LA) dimension (LAD) is one of the predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation, repetitive recurrences occur in patients without enlarged LAD. We explored the predictive value of pulmonary vein (PV) to LA volume percent ratio (PV/LA%vol) for rhythm outcomes after AF catheter ablation (AFCA). We included 2913 patients (73.5% male, 60.0 [52.0–67.0] years old, 60.6% paroxysmal AF) who underwent AFCA. We evaluated the association between PV/LA%vol and AF recurrence after AFCA and compared the predictive value for AF recurrences according to the LA size with LAD. We additionally investigated the association between PV/LA%vol and PITX2 gene using a genome-wide association study. LAD affected 1-year recurrence only in the highest tertile group (T3, p = 0.046), but PV/LA%vol determined 1-year recurrence in all LAD groups (T1, p = 0.044; T2, p = 0.021; and T3, p = 0.045). During 20.0 (8.0–45.0) months of follow-up, AF recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with lower PV/LA%vol (Log-rank p = 0.004, HR 0.91 [0.84–1.00], p = 0.044). In the T1 and T2 LAD groups, predicting AF recurrences was better with PV/LA%vol than with LAD (AUC 0.63 vs. 0.51, p < 0.001 at T1; AUC 0.61 vs. 0.50, p = 0.007 at T2). We replicated PITX2-related rs12646447, which was independently associated with PV/LA%vol (β = 0.15 [0–0.30], p = 0.047). In conclusion, smaller PV volumes after LA volume adjustments have genetic background of PITX2 gene and predictive value for poorer rhythm outcomes after AFCA, especially in patients without LA enlargement.

Seven known analogs, along with two previously undescribed lignan derivatives sesamlignans A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a water-soluble extract of the defatted sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) by applying the chromatographic separation method. Structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated based on extensive interpretation of 1D, 2D NMR, and HRFABMS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were established by analyzing the optical rotation and circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. Inhibitory effects against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) scavenging assays were performed to evaluate the anti-glycation effects of all isolated compounds. Among the isolated compounds, (1) and (2) showed potent inhibition towards AGEs formation, with IC50 values of 7.5 ± 0.3 and 9.8 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the new aryltetralin-type lignan 1 exhibited the most potent activity when tested in the in vitro ONOO− scavenging assay.

Significance: Multiple eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa can cause photoreceptor dysfunction. Rod photoreceptors are known to be more vulnerable than cone photoreceptors. Therefore, functional assessment of rod photoreceptors is important for early detection of eye diseases. Aim: This study is to demonstrate the feasibility of using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) optoretinography (ORG) for objective detection of dark adaptation (DA) abnormality due to rod photoreceptor degeneration. Approach: Functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) was employed for IOS ORG of wild-type (WT) and retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice. Six WT C57BL/6J and eight rd10 B6.CXB1-Pde6brd10/J mice at postnatal day 14 (P14) were used for this study. Dynamic OCT analysis of retinal thickness and brightness changes, corresponding to light to dark transition, was implemented Results: Comparative measurement of the retina under light and dark conditions revealed significant IOS changes within the outer retina. The thickness between external limiting membrane (ELM) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) reduced, and the OCT brightness of inner segment ellipsoid zone (EZ) decreased during DA, compared to light adaptation (LA). Relative EZ intensity change was observed to decrease larger in rd10, compared to WT. The relative intensity of the hyporeflective band between ELM and RPE also showed significant decrease in rd10 retinas during DA. Conclusions: DA-IOS abnormalities were observed in rd10, compared to WT at P14. The ORG measurement of DA-IOS kinetics promises valuable information for noninvasive assessment of photoreceptor function.

Deep learning models are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. These models are often deployed on the server-side and receive user data in an information-rich representation to solve a specific task, such as image classification. Since images can contain sensitive information, which users might not be willing to share, privacy protection becomes increasingly important. Adversarial Representation Learning (ARL) is a common approach to train an encoder that runs on the client-side and obfuscates an image. It is assumed, that the obfuscated image can safely be transmitted and used for the task on the server without privacy concerns. However, in this work, we find that training a reconstruction attacker can successfully recover the original image of existing ARL methods. To this end, we introduce a novel ARL method enhanced through low-pass filtering, limiting the available information amount to be encoded in the frequency domain. Our experimental results reveal that our approach withstands reconstruction attacks while outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods regarding the privacy-utility trade-off. We further conduct a user study to qualitatively assess our defense of the reconstruction attack., Comment: The IJCAI-ECAI-22 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety (AISafety 2022)

Delayed dark adaptation due to impaired rod photoreceptor homeostasis has been reported as the earliest symptom of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Objective measurement of dark adaptation can facilitate early diagnosis to enable prompt intervention to prevent vision losses. However, there is a lack of noninvasive methods capable of spatiotemporal monitoring of photoreceptor changes during dark adaptation. Here we demonstrate functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo intrinsic signal optoretinography (ORG) of dark adaptation kinetics in the C57BL/6J mouse retina. Functional OCT revealed a shortening of the outer retina, a morphological change in the cone and rod photoreceptor interdigitation zone, and a reduction in intrinsic signal amplitude at the photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid. A strong positive correlation between morphophysiological activities was also confirmed. Functional OCT of dark adaptation kinetics promises a method for rapid ORG assessment of physiological integrity of retinal photoreceptors., 18 pages, 7 figures

EphA2 receptor and its ephrin ligands are involved in virus infection, epithelial permeability, and chemokine secretion. We hypothesized that ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling participates in rhinovirus (RV)-induced antiviral immune response in sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Therefore, we investigated the expression of ephrinA1/ephA2 in normal and inflamed sinonasal mucosa and evaluated whether they regulate chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators including interferons (IFNs) in RV-infected human primary sinonasal epithelial cells. For this purpose, the expression and distribution of ephrinA1/ephA2 in sinonasal mucosa were evaluated with RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Their roles in chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators such as type I and III IFNs, and interferon stimulated genes were evaluated by stimulating ephA2 with ephrinA1 and inactivating ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor in cells exposed to RV and poly(I:C). We found that ephrinA1/ephA2 were expressed in normal mucosa and their levels increased in inflamed sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients. RV infection or poly(I:C) treatment induced chemokine secretion which were attenuated by blocking the action of ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor. The production of antiviral immune mediators enhanced by rhinovirus or poly (I:C) is increased by blocking ephA2 compared with that of cells stimulated by either rhinovirus or poly(I:C) alone. In addition, blocking ephA2 attenuated RV replication in cultured cells. Taken together, these results describe a novel role of ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling in antiviral innate immune response in sinonasal epithelium, suggesting their participation in RV-induced development and exacerbations of CRS.

Rationale: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful condition classified as type I or II depending on the absence or presence of nerve injury, respectively. Injury to the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve (LDCN), a branch of the sural nerve, is a rare occurrence observed after a sprain or procedures conducted on the lateral side of the ankle. Patient concerns: A 38-year-old female, who had undergone prolotherapy for a sprain in the lateral side of the left ankle 3 months ago, presented with persistent causalgia and dysesthesia around the injection site. Diagnosis: An electrodiagnostic study was conducted, which confirmed that the patient had peripheral neuropathy of the left LDCN. Considering the digital infrared thermal imaging and three-phase bone scan findings and the clinical presentation, the condition was diagnosed as CRPS type II due to iatrogenic LDCN injury according to the Budapest diagnostic criteria for CRPS. Interventions: The patient was treated with steroid pulse therapy, physical therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pregabalin, and tricyclic antidepressants. Outcomes: After 1 month of treatment, allodynia of the left foot persisted, but the pain reduced from 6 points to 3 points on the numeric rating scale. Partial recovery of amplitude and conduction velocity was confirmed in the follow-up electrodiagnostic study. Lessons: LDCN injury should be considered in patients who complain of persistent lateral ankle and foot paresthesia or pain after sprain or procedures performed on the lateral side of the ankle. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to a good prognosis when the LDCN injury has progressed to CRPS.

Raw NMR Data, DFT calculated CIF files, SIMPSON numerical simulation input files., This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. Electron microscopy was performed at the Sensitive Instrument Facility of the Ames Laboratory. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. A.J.R. acknowledges additional support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through a Sloan research fellowship. This study made use of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory to perform solid-state NMR experiments. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by the National Science Foundation through NSF/DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. Development of the SCH magnet and NMR instrumentation was supported by NSF (DMR-1039938 and DMR-0603042) and NIH P41 GM122698.

Mi-Ae Kim,1 Min-Kang Suh,1 Jisoo Park,1 Jung-Hyun Kim,1 Tae-Hoon Kim,1 Eun Kyung Kim,1 Yeon-Mok Oh,2 Sang-Do Lee,2 Ji-Hyun Lee1 1Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Ji-Hyun LeeDepartment of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Republic of KoreaTel +82 31 780 5205Fax +82 31 780 2992Email plmjhlee@cha.ac.krPurpose: We compared clinical characteristics of COPD patients according to symptom variability and evaluated the effect of symptom variability during the first year of enrollment on clinical outcomes of COPD.Methods: We analyzed COPD patients’ data from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. Symptom variability was defined based on the value of standard deviation (SD) of mMRC scores obtained every 3months during the follow-up period of the first year. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the consistent (SD of mMRC scores=0) and variable (SD of mMRC scores >0) groups. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared in terms of symptom variability.Results: A total of 407 patients were included in the analysis. Patient age was 67.2years and 97.8% of the subjects were male. Initial mMRC was 1.5 and the SD of mMRC scores during the first year was 0.5. There were 137 subjects (33.7%) in the consistent group and 270 (66.3%) in the variable group. The variable group showed a lower FEV1 (P=0.019) and a higher mMRC score (P=0.001). The annual incidence of acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) tended to be higher in the variable group (P=0.078) and that of severe AE-COPD was higher in the variable group than in the consistent group (P=0.002). The variable group showed a higher proportion of annual exacerbators (P=0.001) and frequent exacerbators (P=0.017). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the variable group was significantly associated with annual exacerbators (OR=1.963, P=0.011) and frequent exacerbators (OR=2.090, P=0.055).Conclusion: COPD patients with symptom variability may have higher exacerbation risk as well as lower lung function and more severe respiratory symptoms.Keywords: COPD, symptom, variability, exacerbation, death, lung function

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-crd-10.1177_14799731211017548 for Serum albumin is a predictor of respiratory hospitalization in patients with bronchiectasis by Sunmi Ju, Jong Hwan Jeong, Manbong Heo, I Re Heo, Tae Hoon Kim, Ho Cheol Kim, Jung-Wan Yoo, Yu Ji Cho, Yi Yeong Jeong, Jong Deog Lee and Seung Jun Lee in Chronic Respiratory Disease

Additional file 2: Table S1. Nonsynonymous variants in the 33 sarcomere associated genes classified according to the refined American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines for inherited cardiac conditions. Table S2. Likely pathogenic or Pathogenic variants in the 6 non-sarcomere genes and the 44 mitochondria-related nuclear gene. Table S3. Mitochondrial DNA mutations upto probably damaging. Table S4. Comparisons of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings between the patients with and without any sarcomere variants of uncertain significance within patients without any pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere gene variants

Additional file 1: Method S1. DNA preparation, library construction and sequencing of the HCM gene panel and mtDNA. Method S2. Detail questions for assessment of systemic involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction. Method S3. Echocardiographic analysis.

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-2-crd-10.1177_14799731211017548 for Serum albumin is a predictor of respiratory hospitalization in patients with bronchiectasis by Sunmi Ju, Jong Hwan Jeong, Manbong Heo, I Re Heo, Tae Hoon Kim, Ho Cheol Kim, Jung-Wan Yoo, Yu Ji Cho, Yi Yeong Jeong, Jong Deog Lee and Seung Jun Lee in Chronic Respiratory Disease

Additional file 1: Method S1. DNA preparation. Method S2. Library construction and sequencing of the HCM gene panel. Method S3. Library construction and mtDNA sequencing. Method S4. Data analysis of the mitochondrial genome. Method S5. CMR. Table S1. Summary of 82 genes associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Supplementary Table S2. Likely pathogenic or Pathogenic variants in the 33 sarcomere associated genes classified according to the refined American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines for inherited cardiac conditions. Supplementary Table S3. Likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in the 6 non-sarcomere genes and the 44 mitochondria-related nuclear genes. Supplementary Table S4. Non-haplogroup-associated variants with a GenBank frequency

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ear-10.1177_0145561321997546 for Predictive Value of Radiologic Central Compartment Atopic Disease for Identifying Allergy and Asthma in Pediatric Patients by Kijeong Lee, Tae Hoon Kim, Sang Hag Lee, Chang Ho Kang, Bo-Kyung Je and Saelin Oh in Ear, Nose & Throat Journal

Additional file 1. Study population.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ajr-10.1177_1945892420964169 for TRPV4-Mediated Epithelial Junction Disruption in Allergic Rhinitis Triggered by House Dust Mites by Kijeong Lee MD, Junhyoung Byun MS, Byoungjae Kim PhD, Jiwoo Yeon MS, Junhu Tai MD, Sang Hag Lee MD, PhD, Tae Hoon Kim MD, PhD in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy

External magnetic field, temperature, and spin-polarized current are usually employed to create and control nanoscale vortex-like spin configurations such as magnetic skyrmions. Although these methods have proven successful, they are not energy-efficient due to high power consumption and dissipation. Coupling between magnetic properties and mechanical deformation, the magnetoelastic (MEL) effect, offers a novel approach to energy-efficient control of magnetism at the nanoscale. It is of great interest in the context of ever-decreasing length scales of electronic and spintronic devices. Therefore, it is desirable to establish a comprehensive framework capable of predicting the effects of mechanical stress and enabling deterministic control of magnetic textures and skyrmions. In this work, using an advanced scheme of multiscale simulations and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy measurements we demonstrate deterministic control of topological magnetic textures and skyrmion creation in thin films and racetracks of chiral magnets. Our investigation considers not only uniaxial but also biaxial stress, which is ubiquitous in thin-film devices. The biaxial stress, rather than the uniaxial one, was shown to be more efficient to create or annihilate skyrmions when the MEL coefficient and strain have the same or opposite signs, respectively. It was also demonstrated to be a viable way to stabilize skyrmions and to control their current-induced motion in racetrack memory. Our results open prospects for deployment of mechanical stress to create novel topological spin textures, including merons, and in control and optimization of skyrmion-based devices., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures

Additional file 1. Fig. S1. Receiver operating curves for the predicted probabilities of selected risk scores before (blue line) and after (red line) the addition of four biomarkers to the conventional TIMI risk score in each subgroup with Killip class I (A) and class II-IV (B). †The added biomarkers included hypoxic liver injury, dysglycemia, anemia and high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.

Objective Progesterone receptor (PGR) and AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) have important roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the uterus. In present studies, we examined the expression of mitochondrial tumor suppressor 1 (MTUS1) in the murine uterus during early pregnancy as well as in response to ovarian steroid hormone treatment. Methods We performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis to investigate the regulation of MTUS1 by ARID1A and determined expression patterns of MTUS1 in the uterus during early pregnancy. Results The expression of MTUS1 was detected on day 0.5 of gestation (GD 0.5) and then gradually increased until GD 3.5 in the luminal and glandular epithelium. However, the expression of MTUS1 was significantly reduced in the uterine epithelial cells of Pgrcre/+Arid1af/f and Pgr knockout (PRKO) mice at GD 3.5. Furthermore, MTUS1 expression was remarkably induced after P4 treatment in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the wild-type mice. However, the induction of MTUS1 expression was not detected in uteri of Pgrcre/+Arid1af/f or PRKO mice treated with P4. Conclusion These results suggest that MTUS1 is a novel target gene by ARID1A and PGR in the uterine epithelial cells.

블라시는 도덕적 동기화에 대한 인지적 및 정서적 접근의 문제점들을 지적하고, 도덕 판단을 넘어서는 다른 요소들이 도덕적 행동을 유발하는 동기로 작용한다면서 도덕적 정체성을 그의 주요 원천으로 제시하였다. 도덕적 정체성을 지닌 사람은 도덕 판단에 따른 책임감과 자아를 유지하고자 하는 자아 보전성이 도덕적 행동의 동기로 작용한다. 블라시의 이론은 도덕적 정체성의 형성이 도덕적 행동의 동기화로서 기능을 발휘하는 과정을 의미 있게 제시해 주었다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 그러나 도덕적 자아 정체성에 관한 이론적 및 경험적 분석은 그것을 교육의 목적으로 내세울 수 있는 적절한 방안을 아직 찾지 못하고 있다. 정체성 발달과 관련한 분명한 발달 모델이 없다는 것이 장애로 작용한다. 이에 따라 도덕적 자아 정체성 함양을 위한 적절한 교육적 전략을 수립하는데 어려움이 따른다.

Objective Cardiovascular complications contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality in elderly hip fracture patients. Limited data are available regarding which preoperative risk factors predict cardiovascular course following hip fracture surgery (HFS). We used high sensitive troponin I (hs-TnI) assays and clinical parameters to identify preoperative risk factors associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in elderly hip fracture patients. Method From August 2014 to November 2016, 575 patients with hip fracture were enrolled in a retrospective, single-center registry. A total of 262 of these patients underwent HFS and hs-TnI assays. MACE was defined as postoperative all-cause deaths, heart failure (HF), new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiovascular re-hospitalization that occurred within 90 days postoperative. Results Of 262 HFS patients, MACE developed following HFS in 65 (24.8%). Patients with MACE were older and had higher rates of renal insufficiency, coronary artery disease, prior HF, low left ventricular ejection fraction and use of beta blockers; higher levels of hs-TnI and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and higher revised cardiac risk index. A preoperative hs-TnI ≥ 6.5 ng/L was associated with high risk of postoperative HF, new-onset AF and MACE. In multivariable analysis, preoperative independent predictors for MACE were age > 80 years [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.79, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.03–3.13, P = 0.04], left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% (adjusted HR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.47–6.82, P < 0.01) and hs-TnI > 6.5 ng/L (adjusted HR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.09–6.17, P < 0.01). Conclusion In elderly patients with hip fracture who undergo HFS, a preoperative assessment of hs-TnI may help the risk refinement of cardiovascular complications.

본 연구는 패트리샤 처칠랜드의 신경 철학적 관점의 기본입장과 이를 토대로 한 도덕성 관련 내용들을 검토하고, 도덕교육적 함의를 탐색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그녀는 뇌에 대한 관찰과 해명을 통해 인간의 의식 혹은 마음을 이해할 수 있다는 믿음을 철학적 관점에서 정당화하고자 시도한다. 뇌는 생물학적 진화의 산물이며, 도덕성은 도덕체계의 요소들이 뇌의 신경조직으로 진화되어 체계화된 신경작용의 결과로 이해한다. 그녀의 신경 철학적 관점은 아동들이 어려서부터 건강한 신경구조를 발달시키고, 올바른 도덕적 결정 경험을 쌓으며, 직관과 감정을 발달시킬 수 있는 교육적 여건을 조성하는 것이 중요함을 시사해 주고 있다.

본 논문에서는 한국인들이 느끼는 수치심과 유가 문화적 특성(공동체 중심의 사유체계, 예 중심의 행동체계, 부끄러움 중심의 심정체계)간에 어떤 관련성이 있는가를 분석하고 논의하는데 그 목적이 있다. 한국인들이 느끼는 수치심은 유가문화의 공동체 중심의 사유체계로 인해 개인적 경계를 넘어서서 확장되기 쉬우며, 그럼으로써 효과적인 도덕적 통제의 수단이 될 수 있다. 예는 한국인들에게 있어서 행위의 전반적인 기준이 되는 것으로, 이의 충족여부는 한국인들이 느끼는 수치심의 강력한 원천이 된다. 또한 유가 문화에서 부끄러움(수오)은 하늘로부터 주어진 천부적인 것으로, 도덕이성과 감성이 어우러진 인간 본성의 하나로 이해되었다. 한국인들이 느끼는 수치심은 이와 같은 유가 문화적 특성과 융합되면서 죄의식의 개념을 포괄하는 정서로 발달하였다.