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Sepsis is a critical condition affecting patients worldwide. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in sepsis contributes to organ dysfunction and mortality. The oXiris is a recently developed continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) hemofilter indicated for the adsorption of cytokines from the bloodstream. In our study, in a septic child, CRRT with three filters, including the oXiris hemofilter, resulted in a downregulation of inflammatory biomarkers and a reduction of vasopressors. Herein, we described the first report of such usage in septic children.

The effect of graphene (GN) on the transport of CIP and NOR in porous media is investigated by a combination of batch experiments, column experiments and mathematical models. The results obtained by batch experiments show that GN has great adsorption capacity to two antibiotic contaminants, and the maximum adsorption amounts based on the Langmuir model calculation are 270.67 mg/g and 178.36 mg/g, respectively. The column experiments suggest the mobility of CIP and NOR decreases with the mass fraction of GN packed in porous media, and the mass recovery rates of CIP and NOR increase with flow velocity. As the concentration of Na+ increases, the mobility of CIP and NOR is enhanced. However, Ca2+ has a significant enhancement effect on the mobility of CIP and NOR. Moreover, the transport processes of CIP and NOR in the column are predicted by a BDST mathematical model, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The relationships between kinetic parameters related to QNs’ mobility and GN content, flow velocity and ionic strength are obtained by a regression analysis, which can be used to predict the mobility of CIP and NOR in porous media.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in the CSF sample. a. Genome coverage of detected Staphylococcus aureus sequences. A total of 1750 sequences were mapped to Staphylococcus aureus, covering the 2.96% of the whole genome. b. Distribution of the sequencing reads from the CSF sample. c. Distribution of non-human sequencing reads from the CSF sample.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Incidence and stages of AKI based on different baseline SCr estimation methods. Values are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. 1P < 0.05 vs. No AKI; 2P < 0.05 vs. AKI stage 1; 3P < 0.05 vs. AKI stage 2; aP < 0.05 vs. Schwartz; bP < 0.05 vs. NormsMax; cP < 0.05 vs. AdmSCr.

Additional file 4: Figure S3. PICU mortality by AKI stage based on different baseline SCr estimation methods. Values are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. 1P < 0.05 vs. No AKI; 2P < 0.05 vs. AKI stage 1;.aP < 0.05 vs. Schwartz.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Table S2. Concordance of AKI designation according to different AKI definitions. Table S3. Concordance of AKI designation based on different baseline SCr estimation methods. Table S4. Death risk stratified by the status and severity of AKI. Table S5. Predictive performance of AKI and AKI stages for mortality.

Additional file 5: Figure S4. Mortality rate in patients with AKI. *P < 0.05 vs. KDIGO; aP < 0.05 vs. Schwartz.

Additional file 3: Figure S2. AKI stages under different AKI definitions and baseline SCr estimation methods. *P < 0.05 vs. KDIGO; #P < 0.05 vs. Modified KDIGO; aP < 0.05 vs. Schwartz; bP < 0.05 vs. NormsMax; cP < 0.05 vs. AdmSCr.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Objectives: Sepsis is responsible for a substantial proportion of global childhood morbidity and mortality. However, evidence demonstrates major inaccuracies in the use of the term “sepsis” in clinical practice, coding, and research. Current and previous definitions of sepsis have been developed using expert consensus but the specific criteria used to identify children with sepsis have not been rigorously evaluated. Therefore, as part of the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce, we will conduct a systematic review to synthesize evidence on individual factors, clinical criteria, or illness severity scores that may be used to identify children with infection who have or are at high risk of developing sepsis-associated organ dysfunction and separately those factors, criteria, and scores that may be used to identify children with sepsis who are at high risk of progressing to multiple organ dysfunction or death. Data Sources: We will identify eligible studies by searching the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Study Selection: We will include all randomized trials and cohort studies published between January 1, 2004, and March 16, 2020. Data Extraction: Data extraction will include information related to study characteristics, population characteristics, clinical criteria, and outcomes. Data Synthesis: We will calculate sensitivity and specificity of each criterion for predicting sepsis and conduct a meta-analysis if the data allow. We will also provide pooled estimates of overall hospital mortality. Conclusions: The potential risk factors, clinical criteria, and illness severity scores from this review which identify patients with infection who are at high risk of developing sepsis-associated organ dysfunction and/or progressing to multiple organ dysfunction or death will be used to inform the next steps of the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce.

Observing and estimating system's states are the conditions to realize the effective control in the control and communication engineering field. In this paper for nonlinear descriptor jumping systems, proposed a novel observer, considered the nonlinear perturbation and network communication time-varying delay. A novel full-order delay dependent observer design method is developed by using system stability theorem and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) techniques. The observer guarantees the estimated descriptor error jumping systems to be regular, impulse free and robustly mean-square exponentially stable. The proposed novel observer is more generality than those of last results in practice. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to simulate and show the validity of the proposed method.

To investigate the predictive value of pediatrics end-stage liver disease (PELD) or the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) in the prognosis of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) treated with artificial liver support system (ALSS).The clinical data of 47 children with acute liver failure seen from August 2008 to July 2013 treated in Children's Hospital, Fudan University were analyzed. Thirty children were treated with ALSS in addition to conventional comprehensive medical treatment (ALSS group). Seventeen children were treated with only conventional comprehensive medical treatment (control group). The main biochemical parameters and coagulation function parameters before and after treatment were compared in the ALSS group and the mortality rates were compared between the two groups. The patients were graded by PELD or MELD when they were hospitalized and the relationship of PELD or MELD scores and mortalities of child patients with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were analyzed.There were significant differences in total bilirubin (TB) ((302 ± 208) vs. (161 ± 129) µmol/L); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ((161 ± 225) vs. (761 ± 834) U/L); aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) (66 (35, 123 ) vs. 447 (184, 1,129 ) U/L) ; international normalized ratio (INR) ((2.6 ± 1.6) vs. (5.1 ± 4.0)); prothrombin time activity percentage (PTA) ((42 ± 25)% vs. (22 ± 13)%); albumin( ALB) ((35 ± 5) vs. (33 ± 6) g/L) in the ALSS group after treatment. Through the ROC curve analysis, the best PELD/MELD threshold was 25 to predict the patients survival after ALSS therapy, with a sensitivity of 92. 3% , and a specificity of 94.1% at the cutoff point. The area under the ROC curve was 0. 912. The mortality of patients with PELD or MELD score below 25 in the ALSS group (1/13) was lower than the control group (3/4) (P = 0.022), and the mortality of patients with PELD or MELD score over 25 (16/17) was higher than that of the control group (10/13) (P = 0.290).PELD or MELD score is a valid index in prognostic evaluation of ALSS therapy, which may provide an evidence for the therapeutic strategies of PALF. Patients with PELD or MELD score below 25 treated with ALSS obtained more benefit.

This paper is devoted to the controller design based on a fault-tolerant observer for a class of nonlinear continuous singular control systems, consider the sensor failure and time-varying network-induced delay, a new controller and observer co-designing technique are developed, a sufficient condition for the existence of the investiged controller and fault-tolerant observer is derived, and a systematic design approach is addressed by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for controller and observer co-designing. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the validity of the proposed method.

This paper considers the set invariance problem for Lipschitz nonlinear discrete-time singular systems subjected to actuator saturation. Firstly, by using fixed point principle, a sufficient condition of the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the closed-loop system is obtained. Then based on saturation allowance feedback approach, a sufficient condition such that the closed-loop system is regular, causal and set contractively invariant is established. Finally, the state feedback gain design method and invariant ellipsoid estimation algorithm are proposed.

This paper gives an application of SpaceWire Network on transferring spaceborne data & information. The on-board data is classified as payload data and platform management data. Accordingly, the on-board network is divided into payload data subnet and platform data subnet that are used to deliver payload data and platform management data respectively. Two different high-level protocol stacks are selected for the two subnets to satisfy the different transmission demands of payload data and platform management data.

This paper discusses the stabilization controller design for a class of discrete-time nonlinear networked control systems under consideration of both the networked-induced delay and data packed dropout. Based on the Lypunov-Krasovskii function method and LMI technique, a state feedback controller is designed. The admissible bound of networked-induced delay and the packet loss is also presented in terms of LMI. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

This paper discusses the robust L2-Linfin filter design for delta-operator uncertain time delay systems. Applying the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, a sufficient condition of the existence of L2-Linfin filter is proposed and the design method of robust L2-Linfin filter for delta-operator uncertain time delay systems is derived. A numerical example shows the effectiveness of the method proposed.

Characterizing percolation patterns in unsaturated zones has posed a greater challenge to numerical modeling investigations than comparable saturated zone studies, because of the heterogeneous nature of unsaturated media as well as the great number of variables impacting unsaturated zone flow. This paper presents an integrated modeling methodology for quantitatively characterizing percolation patterns in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a proposed underground repository site for storing high-level radioactive waste. It takes into account the multiple coupled processes of air, water, heat flow and chemical isotopic transport in Yucca Mountain s highly heterogeneous, unsaturated fractured tuffs. The modeling approach integrates a wide variety of moisture, pneumatic, thermal, and isotopic geochemical field data into a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model for modeling analyses. Modeling results are examined against different types of field-measured data and then used to evaluate different hydrogeological conceptual models and their results of flow patterns in the unsaturated zone. In particular, this integration model provides a much clearer understanding of percolation patterns and flow behavior through the unsaturated zone, both crucial issues in assessing repository performance. The integrated approach for quantifying Yucca Mountain s flow system is also demonstrated to provide a comprehensive modeling tool for characterizing flow and transport processes in complex subsurface systems.

This paper deals with the problem of stabilization of networked stochastic systems subject to actuator saturation. The networked control systems (NCSs) are modeled as stochastic systems with time-varying input delays under considering the networked-induced time delay. A delay-dependent sufficient condition for the mean-square stability of NCSs is derived by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach and a descriptor model transformation. An associated solution of the problem can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities that is numerically feasible with commercially available software. A simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Placing a special mount of buffers at the node in networked control systems, the stochastic time delay can be transformed to a deterministic delay. Then the stochastic networked control systems can be transformed to a deterministic delay system. Three equivalent systems of deterministic networked control systems are presented. Three kinds of output feedback controller of deterministic system are designed. The simulation results show the proposed methods are right and effective.

Two biodegradation models are developed to represent natural attenuation of fuel-hydrocarbon contaminants as observed in a comprehensive natural-gradient tracer test in a heterogeneous aquifer on the Columbus Air Force Base in Mississippi, USA. The first, a first-order mass loss model, describes the irreversible losses of BTEX and its individual components, i.e., benzene (B), toluene (T), ethyl benzene (E), and xylene (X). The second, a reactive pathway model, describes sequential degradation pathways for BTEX utilizing multiple electron acceptors, including oxygen, nitrate, iron and sulfate, and via methanogenesis. The heterogeneous aquifer is represented by multiple hydraulic conductivity (K) zones delineated on the basis of numerous flowmeter K measurements. A direct propagation artificial neural network (DPN) is used as an inverse modeling tool to estimate the biodegradation rate constants associated with each of the K zones. In both the mass loss model and the reactive pathway model, the biodegradation rate constants show an increasing trend with the hydraulic conductivity. The finding of correlation between biodegradation kinetics and hydraulic conductivity distributions is of general interest and relevance to characterization and modeling of natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in other petroleum-product contaminated sites.