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El siguiente trabajo presenta un proceso investigativo sobre el diagnóstico de la FA o Fibrilación Auricular por medio de una red neuronal convolucional 1D. La FA es un cambio en el ritmo cardiaco, es decir, es una irregularidad en el tiempo de nuestros latidos que puede afectar nuestra calidad de vida al punto de matarnos y es considerado el tipo de arritmia más común del mundo. Una red neuronal convolucional son neuronas artificiales las cuales por medio de matrices bidimensionales son muy efectivas para tareas de clasificación y segmentación de información, este tipo de tarea es muy importante al momento de diagnosticar una enfermedad como la FA. Este trabajo se encamina específicamente en la búsqueda de información sobre el diagnóstico de la FA por medio de la red neuronal mencionada, con el objetivo de poder brindar y recomendar soluciones viables evaluadas por medio de su precisión, eficacia, rapidez. The following work presents an investigative process on the diagnosis of AF or Atrial Fibrillation through a 1D convolutional neural network. AF is a change in heart rhythm, that is, it is an irregularity in the timing of our heartbeats that can affect our quality of life to the point of killing us and is considered the most common type of arrhythmia in the world. A convolutional neural network are artificial neurons which through two-dimensional arrays are very effective for information classification and segmentation tasks, this type of task is very important when diagnosing a disease such as AF. This work is specifically aimed at the search for information on the diagnosis of AF through the neural network, with the aim of being able to provide and recommend viable solutions evaluated through their accuracy, effectiveness, and speed.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prescripción del ejercicio en un programa realizado con realidad virtual (RV) para adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó búsqueda de artículos con las palabras clave "virtual reality", "physical therapy", "Exergames", "Healthy", "Older people", "Exercise", en los buscadores Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Académico y Base de datos Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquia -EIA. En el criterio de inclusión de los artículos, se tuvo en cuenta: intensidad, frecuencia, tiempo, tipos de juegos y resultados. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 40 artículos, que permitieron evidenciar la prescripción del ejercicio en RV en adultos mayores. Conclusión: En la prescripción del ejercicio en la realidad virtual se puede indicar que las sesiones de trabajo deben durar entre 30 a 50 minutos, frecuencia semanal de 3 a 5 veces/semana; se propone realizar 3 a 5 series de 8 a 20 repeticiones con una intensidad inicial del 30% hasta un 75% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima. Abstract Objective: To determine the prescription of physical exercise in a program carried out through Virtual Reality (VR) for elderly people. Materials and method: Literature review was conducted by searching keywords such as "virtual reality", "physical therapy", "Exergames", "Healthy", "Older people", and "Exercise" in the following search engines: Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar and Databases from the Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquía (EIA). The inclusion criteria of the articles comprised intensity, frequency, session duration, types of games and results of the physical activity. Results: A selection of 40 articles allowed us to identify the prescription of physical activity using VR for elderly people. Conclusion: The prescription of physical activity in VR may encompass sessions with a length of time between 30 to 50 minutes and three to five sessions per week. The proposal consists of 3 to 5 sets of 8 to 20 repetitions of an initial intensity at 30% to 75% of the maximum heart rate.

BACKGROUND: There are several therapeutic options for infantile haemangiomas (IH). Propranolol is used according to a pivotal trial. We aimed to describe the characteristics of IH in clinical practice, including the therapies used, and to compare the characteristics of patients treated with propranolol with those of the trial to assess its external validity. METHODS: Consecutive patients attending 12 Spanish hospitals from June 2016 to October 2019 were included (n=601). RESULTS: The mean age was 3.9 (SD:1.9) months, with a 2:1 female-to-male ratio. Most IHs were localized (82%, 495), superficial (64%, 383) and located in the face (25%, 157) and trunk (31%, 188). Median size was 17 (IR: 10-30) x 12 (IR: 7-20) mm. Complications were found in 16 (3%) patients. Treatment was initiated for 52% (311). Most patients received timolol (76%, 237); propranolol was reserved for complications or high-risk IHs. Aesthetic impairment was the main reason for starting therapy (64%, 199). Several characteristics of the patients and IHs treated with propranolol are similar to those of the pivotal clinical trial, but 1/3 of IHs did not reach the minimum diameter to meet the inclusion criteria, and important prognostic information was not reported. CONCLUSIONS: As most patients receive treatment for aesthetic impairment, there is a need to better understand the aesthetic results of therapies and to increase evidence on the use of timolol, which is currently the most common therapy. Propranolol is being used in a population generally similar to that of the trial; however, this statement cannot be definitely confirmed.

Desarrollar una herramienta valida y confiable para evaluar el desempeno clinico en el manejo de la hemorragia posparto. La herramienta fue evaluada en el contexto de escenarios simulados. Un panel Delphi alcanzo consenso sobre a) Elementos a incluir en la herramienta de evaluacion, b) Ponderacion de cada elemento y c) Conformacion de la herramienta final. La validez y confiabilidad se evaluaron segun el metodo de Cook. Luego de la capacitacion teorica, iniciaron los escenarios de simulacion empleando ambientes de mediana fidelidad. Se aplico la estrategia del analisis en caliente para la retroalimentacion de cada caso. Se procedio a la reasignacion aleatoria de roles y a la reevaluacion del grupo, a traves de un nuevo caso clinico. Para la evaluacion final se aleatorizaron los equipos de trabajo y se reforzaron las destrezas adquiridas. Se evaluaron 459 participantes, distribuidos en 36 grupos de trabajo. Los equipos tuvieron una puntuacion media de 51/100 (IC 95 %: 44,47-57,53) en el ejercicio 1; 76/100 (IC 95 %: 69,51-82,58) en el ejercicio 2 y 84/100 (IC 95 %: 77,42-90,56) en la evaluacion final (p=0,00001). Se registro mejoria significativa en el desempeno clinico de los equipos perinatales de respuesta rapida con la utilizacion de la herramienta (p

Lydia Lera, Cecilia Albala, Bárbara Leyton, Carlos Márquez, Bárbara Angel, Rodrigo Saguez, Hugo Sánchez Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Aim: This study was aimed to set reference values of hand-grip strength by age and sex and validate cut points for risk of functional limitation and mortality in older Chileans.Methods: This was a pooled analysis of four studies including 6,426 people ≥60 years of nondependent community-dwelling Chileans. After exclusion criteria, the final sample included 5,250 subjects, from whom 2,193 were followed to study all-cause mortality associated with low hand-grip strength. Face-to-face interviews registering sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported chronic diseases, and functional limitations were conducted. Anthropometric measurements and observed mobility were performed by trained professionals. Hand-grip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer T-18 (Country Technology, Inc.) before 2008 or with JAMAR brand from 2008 onwards. Percentiles were calculated through descriptive analysis and quantile regression models for specific groups of age and sex. Adjusted Cox regression hazard models for mortality risk according to low dynamometry condition and covariates were developed.Results: We deliver reference values of hand-grip strength for older Chileans proposing the 25th percentile as the cut-off point for low dynamometry risk: men ≤27 kg, women ≤15 kg. Low hand-grip strength was associated with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living limitations (p=0.001), and altered physical performance evaluated through the Timed Up and Go test (p=0.0001), grasping (p=0.001), bending (p

Se describe la estructura florística del cinturón de bosque ripario del complejo cenagoso de Chucurí (departamento de Santander, Colombia). Se calcula la producción y composición del mantillo producido por dicho cinturón, así como su tasa de incorporación y de descomposición en el agua. Se estudian las relaciones entre el mantillo y los organismos asociados a la ciénaga y se establece que este material vegetal contribuye significativamente a mantener una alta productividad en el ecosistema estudiado.

Pediatric tumors arise upon oncogenic transformation of stem/progenitor cells during embryonic development. Given this scenario, the existence of non-tumorigenic stem cells included within the aberrant tumoral niche, with a potential role in tumor biology, is an intriguing and unstudied possibility. Here, we describe the presence and function of non-tumorigenic neural crest-derived progenitor cells in aggressive neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. These cells differentiate into neural crest typical mesectodermal derivatives, giving rise to tumor stroma and promoting proliferation and tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, an analysis of gene expression profiles in stage 4/M NB revealed a neural crest stem cell (NCSC) gene signature that was associated to stromal phenotype and high probability of relapse. Thus, this NCSC gene expression signature could be used in prognosis to improve stratification of stage 4/M NB tumors. Our results might facilitate the design of new therapies by targeting NCSCs and their contribution to tumor stroma.

The contemporary world has witnessed technological advances, such as Online Social Networks (OSN), whose influence in almost every action of the human being is remarkable. Among the human activities most significantly impacted by OSNs are: entertainment, human relationships, education, and political activities, including those related to electoral campaigns and electoral preferences prediction. The research contribution of the current paper regards the usefulness of OSNs users generated data to predict the political context. More specifically, 25 Computational Intelligence (CI) algorithms are used to predict voting intentions on the United States primary presidential elections for 2016, taking as input the data sets generated by 1200 users of the YouGov OSN, as well as the answers they gave to an online study run by the American National Election Studies (ANES). The application of the 25 supervised classification algorithms is done over the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), using a stratified 5-fold cross validation scheme. Also, the experimental results obtained were validated in order to identify significant differences in performance by mean of a non-parametric statistical test (the Friedman test), and a post-hoc test (the Holm test). The hypothesis testing analysis of the experimental results indicates that predicting voting intentions in favour of a democrat or republican candidate is simpler than predicting the particular candidate, given that the prediction performances for a democrat or republican candidate (best performances of 80% and 78%, respectively) are better than those given when predicting a specific candidate (70% for democrat candidates and 56% for republican candidates).

Albala C, Lera L, Sanchez H, Angel B, Márquez C, Arroyo P, Fuentes P. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:995–1001. On page 995, Abstract, Methods section, the following text is incorrect “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,372 participants were identified as having the frailty phenotype” The correct text is “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,372 participants had the necessary measurements for the identification of the frailty phenotype”. On page 996, Methods section, the following text is incorrect “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,389 participating subjects were identified as having the frailty phenotype”. The correct text is “At baseline, 2,098 (67% women) of 2,372 participating subjects had the necessary measurements for the identification of the frailty phenotype”.Read the original article.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern in ICUs worldwide. Infection with an antibiotic resistant (ABR) strain of an organism is associated with greater mortality than infection with the non-resistant strain, but there are few data assessing whether being admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is associated with a worse outcome than being admitted to an ICU with low rates of resistance. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the characteristics of infections and antibiotic treatments and patient outcomes in patients admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having high levels of antibiotic resistance and those admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having low levels of antibiotic resistance.Methods: Data from the large, international EPIC II one-day point prevalence study on infections in patients hospitalized in ICUs were used. For the current study, we compared the data obtained from patients from two groups of countries: countries with reported MRSA rates of ≥ 25% (highABR: Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey) and countries with MRSA rates of < 5% (lowABR: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden).Results: On the study day, 1187/2204 (53.9%) patients in the HighABR ICUs were infected and 255/558 (45.7%) in the LowABR ICUs (P < 0.01). Patients in the HighABR ICUs were more severely ill than those in the LowABR ICUs, as reflected by a higher SAPS II score (35.6 vs 32.7, P < 0.05) and had longer median ICU (12 days vs 5 days) and hospital (24 days vs 16 days) lengths of stay. They also had higher crude ICU (20.0% vs 15.4%) and hospital (27.0% vs 21.5%) mortality rates (both P < 0.05). However, after multivariable adjustment and matched pair analysis there were no differences in ICU or hospital mortality rates between High or LowABR ICU patients overall or among those with infections.Conclusions: Being hospitalized in an ICU in a region with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is not associated per se with a worse outcome., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

La incidencia de diferentes factores contextuales en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes es un tópico de creciente investigación entre los expertos en este ámbito, ante el bajo rendimiento en muchos contextos académicos, principalmente en el área de matemáticas. Existe un gran consenso entre los investigadores sobre la importancia que guardan las variables relacionadas con el contexto familiar en el proceso educativo de los alumnos. Investigaciones recientes reportan que el rendimiento académico guarda relación con diferentes variables familiares, entre las que destacan el tamaño de la familia, el orden de nacimiento de los hijos y la preparación académica de los padres. Sin embargo, hasta el momento dichos aspectos no han sido indagados de manera interrelacionada en la formación universitaria en matemáticas. Dado ello, el objetivo de investigación que nos hemos planteado corresponde a analizar, en el marco de un programa de matemáticas básicas para ingenieros, la relación que guardan el nivel de estudios de los padres, el número de hermanos y el orden de nacimiento con el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. En el contexto mexicano, participaron 593 estudiantes, entre 18 y 21 años de edad, de familias con un solo hijo y con varios hijos. Los resultados mostraron que los varones con menos hermanos y cuyo padre tiene mayor nivel de estudios tienden a tener mejores calificaciones, que aquellos con un mayor número de hermanos. Las mujeres primogénitas tienen un mayor rendimiento que aquellas nacidas después. Podemos concluir que existe un patrón específico por sexo entre las características familiares y el rendimiento académico; los varones con pocos hermanos o ninguno están más orientados hacia el estudio y hacia los estándares académicos paternos, mientras que las mujeres primogénitas tienden a desarrollar una mayor implicación académica, lo cual contribuye a un mejor rendimiento en ambos casos. The incidence of various contextual factors on the academic performance of students is a growing topic of research among experts in this area, given the poor performance in many academic settings, primarily in the area of mathematics. There is a broad consensus among researchers on the importance of variables related to family background in students’ educational process. Recent research reports that academic achievement is related to different family variables among which are the size of the family, the place of birth of the children and parents academic preparation. However, until now these aspects have not been investigated in an interrelated manner in university, specifically in mathematics. Given this, the research objective we have set corresponds to analyse, within the framework of a program of basic mathematics for engineers, the relationship between the educational level of parents, the number of siblings and birth order to students’ academic performance. In the Mexican context, participants were 593 students, between 18 and 21 years-old, belonging to families with one child or several children. Results showed that men with fewer siblings whose father has a higher level of education tend to have better grades than those with a greater number of siblings. First-born women have a higher academic performance than those born later. We can conclude that there is a specific pattern by sex between family characteristics and academic performance; men with few or no siblings are more oriented towards their study and parental academic standards, while first-born women tend to develop a greater academic involvement, which contributes to better performance in both cases.

Purpose In metastatic neuroblastoma (NB) patients, accurate risk stratification and disease monitoring would reduce relapse probabilities. This study aims to evaluate the independent prognostic significance of detecting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and doublecortin (DCX) mRNAs by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from metastatic NB patients. Procedures RT-qPCR was performed on PB and BM samples from metastatic NB patients at diagnosis, post-induction therapy and at the end of treatment for TH and DCX mRNAs detection. Results High levels of TH and DCX mRNAs when detected in PB and BM at diagnosis independently predicted worse outcome in a cohort of 162 metastatic NB. In the subgroup of high-risk metastatic NB, TH mRNA detected in PB remained as independent predictor of EFS and OS at diagnosis. After the induction therapy, high levels of TH mRNA in PB and DCX mRNA in BM independently predicted poor EFS and OS. Furthermore TH mRNA when detected in BM predicted worse EFS. TH mRNA in PB samples at the end of treatment is an independent predictor of worse outcome. Conclusion TH and DCX mRNAs levels in PB and BM assessed by RT-qPCR should be considered in new pre-treatment risk stratification strategies to reliable estimate outcome differences in metastatic NB patients. In those high-risk metastatic NB, TH and DCX mRNA quantification could be used for the assessment of response to treatment and for early detection of progressive disease or relapses.

Fruits of soursop (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) were evaluated at different ripening stages to determine the changes in their physicochemical characteristics: total soluble solid content, percentage of acidity, pH, and ripeness index. The change in volatile compounds were determined through Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction and subsequent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses. The volatile compounds were identified through the comparison of their chromatographic and spectral properties against the ones exhibited by reference substances. The sensorial quality factors showed values that changed according to the ripening stage. It was established that the ester levels, particularly those from C6, C4, and C8 saturated and unsaturated aliphatic acids, increased with ripening. C6 aliphatic compounds, such as (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenal, were observed to be the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, methyl hexanoate and methyl (E)-2-hexenoate were the main volatile in ripe, overripe and half ripe fruits. The overripe stage was characterized by an increase in the ethyl acetate, methyl butanoate and ethyl butanoate levels, and the appearance of butanoic and hexanoic aliphatic acids. These facts could be used as an indicator of the beginning of the fermentation stage and the loss of fruit sensory quality.Los frutos de guanábana (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) en diferentes estados de madurez se evaluaron para determinar las características fisico-químicas: sólidos solubles totales, porcentaje de acidez, pH e índice de madurez. Los cambios en la composición de los compuestos volátiles se determinaron mediante la técnica de Espacio de Cabeza-Microextracción en Fase Sólida y el posterior análisis por Cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Los compuestos volátiles se identificaron por comparación de sus propiedades cromatográficas y espectrales con sustancias de referencia. Los factores de calidad sensorial mostraron valores que variaron con el estado de madurez. Además, se estableció que la cantidad de ésteres, especialmente los provenientes de los ácidos C6, C4 y C8, saturados e insaturados, se incrementaron con la maduración. Los compuestos alifáticos C6, como el (Z)-3-hexenol y el (Z)-3-hexenal, fueron los volátiles mayoritarios en la fruta verde; en tanto que el hexanoato de metilo y el (E)-2-hexenoato de metilo, fueron los más abundantes en las frutas maduras, sobremaduras y de madurez intermedia. En la sobremaduración aumentó la concentración de acetato de etilo, butanoato de metilo y butanoato de etilo; y aparecieron los ácidos alifáticos butanoico y hexanoico, los cuales pueden ser indicadores del inicio de la etapa fermentativa y de la pérdida de la calidad sensorial de la fruta.

Se estima que en Chile, hasta marzo de 2008 se han efectuado 637 trasplantes hepáticos ortotópicos (THO), siendo la principal causa la cirrosis hepática. Según estadísticas norteamericanas, en el año 2006 existían 3000 mujeres con THO en edad reproductiva. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 25 años, trasplantada hepática hace 6 años, en terapia inmunosupresora, con buen resultado materno-perinatal.

Effect of two edible coatings on the quality of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica T.) from Callosa d’En Sarria (Spain) is studied. The coatings are prepared with commercial solutions of chitosan (0,6%) and sucroester fatty acids (1%), that are applied to fruit at fully-ripe stage, and stored at 20°C and 90% RH for 16 days. Gas chromatography is used to find the rate of respiration and ethylene production. Firmness is determined with a universal machine (Instron Machine Model 4302, Canton Mass, USA®). Physiological weight loss is measured gravimetrically, and a panel of trained judges assesses sensory quality. Results display that chitosan is more efficient reducing weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production. Both substances contribute to maintain flesh firmness, organoleptic characteristics and the fruits presentation.

Effect of two edible coatings on the quality of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica T.) from Callosa d'En Sarria (Spain) is studied. The coatings are prepared with commercial solutions of chitosan (0,6%) and sucroester fatty acids (1%), that are applied to fruit at fully-ripe stage, and stored at 20°C and 90% RH for 16 days. Gas chromatography is used to find the rate of respiration and ethylene production. Firmness is determined with a universal machine (Instron Machine Model 4302, Canton Mass, USA®). Physiological weight loss is measured gravimetrically, and a panel of trained judges assesses sensory quality. Results display that chitosan is more efficient reducing weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production. Both substances contribute to maintain flesh firmness, organoleptic characteristics and the fruits presentation.Se estudia el efecto de dos recubrimientos comestibles sobre la calidad de frutos de níspero (Eriobotrya japonica T.) procedentes de Callosa d'En Sarriá (España). Los recubrimientos se preparan a partir de soluciones comerciales de quitosano (0,6%) y sucroéster de ácidos grasos (1%) que se aplican a frutos cosechados en madurez de consumo, los cuales se almacenan durante 16 días a 20&176;C y 90% de HR. La cromatografía gaseosa se usa para encontrar la tasa de respiración y la producción de etileno, la firmeza se precisa con una máquina universal Instron Machine-Modelo 4302, Canton Mass, USA®, la pérdida fisiológica de peso se determina gravimétricamente y la calidad sensorial la establece un panel de jueces entrenados. Los resultados muestran que el quitosano es más eficiente en reducir la pérdida fisiológica de peso, la tasa de respiración y la producción de etileno. Ambas sustancias contribuyen a mantener la firmeza de la pulpa, las características organolépticas y la presentación de los frutos.

Se cosechan frutos de uchuva en grado de madurez de consumo en tres tiempos diferentes, se caracterizan físico-química y sensorialmente. Se realizan análisis de medidas repetidas con estructura de varianzascovarianzas autoregresiva heterogénea de primer orden, estableciendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p0,05) para las variables aroma, textura bucal y sabor. Para el programa de fitomejoramiento las características físico-químicas y organolépticas de las accesiones estudiadas son similares al testigo comercial; por lo tanto, se espera que los cruzamientos entre ellas no demeriten estos aspectos.Cape gooseberry fruits are harvested at maturity for consumption at three different times. They are evaluated physico-chemically and sensorially. Repeated measures analysis are performed using a variancecovariance structure of the first order autoregressive heterogeneous. The results show statistically significant differences (p0,05) for aroma, texture, mouth taste and flavors variables. The accesions studied for the phytoimprovement program of the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics were similar to the commercial samples. Therefore it is expected that crosses between them do not invalidate the exercise.

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation and methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes and affect ruminant productivity. Rumen and camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species and 35 countries, to estimate if this was influenced by diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria and archaea dominated in nearly all samples, while protozoal communities were more variable. The dominant bacteria are poorly characterised, but the methanogenic archaea are better known and highly conserved across the world. This universality and limited diversity could make it possible to mitigate methane emissions by developing strategies that target the few dominant methanogens. Differences in microbial community compositions were predominantly attributable to diet, with the host being less influential. There were few strong co-occurrence patterns between microbes, suggesting that major metabolic interactions are non-selective rather than specific., We thank Ron Ronimus, Paul Newton, and Christina Moon for reading and commenting on the manuscript. We thank all who provided assistance that allowed Global Rumen Census collaborators to supply samples and metadata (Supplemental Text 1). AgResearch was funded by the New Zealand Government as part of its support for the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases. The following funding sources allowed Global Rumen Census collaborators to supply samples and metadata, listed with the primary contact(s) for each funding source: Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación, Martín Fraga; Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, Canada, Tim A. McAllister; Area de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Juan A Maza (Resolución Proy. N° 508/2012), Diego Javier Grilli; Canada British Columbia Ranching Task Force Funding Initiative, John Church; CNPq, Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira; FAPEMIG, Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani; FAPEMIG, PECUS RumenGases, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira; Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (project number PJ010906), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, Sang-Suk Lee; Dutch Dairy Board & Product Board Animal Feed, André Bannink, Kasper Dieho, Jan Dijkstra; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vahideh Heidarian Miri; Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilma Tapio; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina (Project PNBIO1431044), Silvio Cravero, María Cerón Cucchi; Irish Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Alexandre B. De Menezes; Meat & Livestock Australia; and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry (Australian Government), Chris McSweeney; Ministerio de Agricultura y desarrollo sostenible (Colombia), Olga Lucía Mayorga; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station project (MONB00113), Carl Yeoman; Multistate project W-3177 Enhancing the competitiveness of US beef (MONB00195), Carl Yeoman; NSW Stud Merino Breeders’ Association, Alexandre Vieira Chaves; Queensland Enteric Methane Hub, Diane Ouwerkerk; RuminOmics, Jan Kopecny, Ilma Tapio; Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) of the Scottish Government and the Technology Strategy Board, UK, R. John Wallace; Science Foundation Ireland (09/RFP/GEN2447), Sinead Waters; Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación, Mario A. Cobos-Peralta; Slovenian Research Agency (project number J1-6732 and P4-0097), Blaz Stres; Strategic Priority Research Program, Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues (Grant No.XDA05020700), ZhiLiang Tan; The European Research Commission Starting Grant Fellowship (336355—MicroDE), Phil B. Pope; The Independent Danish Research Council (project number 4002-00036), Torsten Nygaard Kristensen; and The Independent Danish Research Council (Technology and Production, project number 11-105913), Jan Lassen. These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Resumen En este artículo se presenta una revisión del estado del arte relacionado con el impacto que el desarrollo de dispositivos inteligentes, en el marco del Internet de las Cosas, ha tenido en el diagnóstico y rehabilitación de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo. Se hizo una revisión de artículos, obtenidos de los principales sistemas de bases de datos como IEEEXplore, SCOPUS, Springer Link y NCBI. Fue posible, a partir de esta revisión, reflexionar sobre el envejecimiento de la población adulta a nivel mundial y determinar, que por ende, es necesario crear herramientas, que permitan asistir a estos pacientes en su vida cotidiana. Puede destacarse además la motivación actual por el diagnóstico temprano de patologías como el Alzheimer y la demencia, esto con el fin de llevar a cabo terapias preventivas para evitar un deterioro cognitivo a largo plazo. Se destaca que son muchas las posibilidades para la investigación y el desarrollo de software y dispositivos inteligentes que incorporen los lineamientos de IoT para contribuir con la detección y tratamiento de estos pacientes. Abstract His article presents a review about the impact that the smart devices in the framework of the IoT have in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with cognitive impairment. The work is based on a review of papers obtained by means of the principal data bases as IEEEXplore, SCOPUS, Springer Link y NCBI. According to the information obtained, a reflection about adult population all araund the world was made, and for this reason, it is necessary to implement tools in order to help the patients in his ordinary life. It is also is necessary to consider the interest to carry out early diagnosis of diseases such as Alzheimer and Dementia in order to apply prevenient therapies to avoid the long term cognitive impairment. There are many possibilities, in terms of research and development of software and smart devices based on IoT, to contribute with the detection and treatment of these patients.

La pérdida y contenido de vitamina C, fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante y actividad acuosa fueron determinadas para mora deshidratada a tres niveles de temperatura (35, 50 y 65C) y dos tamaños de partícula (mora troceada y mora licuada). Los resultados mostraron una disminución del contenido de la vitamina C a medida que se incrementó la temperatura de deshidratación, presentándose pérdidas superiores al 50% con respecto a la mora fresca. Tendencia similar mostró el contenido de fenoles totales, donde el tratamiento más severo disminuyó su contenido en un 26,7%. Sin embargo, la capacidad antioxidante de la mora no fue afectada severamente por el proceso de deshidratación, siendo constante su valor y equivalente al 50% en promedio respecto al BHA (Butil Hidroxianisol). La actividad acuosa del producto disminuyó a medida que se incrementó la temperatura de deshidratación, presentando valores de 0,43 para 65C y 0,96 para la mora fresca.

Moras de castilla (Rubus glaucus) calibre B con un índice de color de 5 y 6, según norma técnica colombiana (NTC-4106), fueron deshidratadas por convección forzada a temperaturas de 35, 50 y 65°C utilizando un deshidratador de bandejas de flujo paralelo. La deshidratación fue llevada a cabo en dos tamaños de partícula: mora triturada y pulpa de mora. La mora triturada fue obtenida por trituración mecánica y la pulpa por licuado. La granulometría fue hecha siguiendo la norma S319.2 American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) (1994), realizada para los dos tamaños de partículas de mora, una vez finalizado el proceso de deshidratación, a las temperaturas consideradas. Se encontró que la deshidratación con moras licuadas (pulpa de mora) es más rápida que las moras trituradas mecánicamente, alcanzándose una humedad de equilibrio menor, en menos tiempo, para todas las temperaturas evaluadas: a 35ºC la humedad de equilibrio fue de 28,06% b.s para mora triturada y de 17,40% b.s para mora licuada; a 50ºC fue de 20,64% b.s para mora triturada y de 15,04% b.s en mora licuada y para 65ºC la humedad de equilibrio fueron de 16,60% b.s y 11,02% b.s, para moras trituradas y licuadas respectivamente. La mora licuada deshidratada o harina de mora, presentó una mayor cantidad de material fino, con un módulo de fineza de 2,386, índice de uniformidad 0:4:6 y un diámetro promedio de partícula de 0,55 mm. En moras trituradas, se encontró un módulo de fineza de 4,93, índice de uniformidad de 7:3:0 y un diámetro promedio de partícula de 3,175 mm, la mora licuada presentó una mayor capacidad de transferencia de calor y masa haciendo más acelerado el proceso de evaporación del agua.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern in ICUs worldwide. Infection with an antibiotic resistant (ABR) strain of an organism is associated with greater mortality than infection with the non-resistant strain, but there are few data assessing whether being admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is associated with a worse outcome than being admitted to an ICU with low rates of resistance. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the characteristics of infections and antibiotic treatments and patient outcomes in patients admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having high levels of antibiotic resistance and those admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having low levels of antibiotic resistance.Methods: Data from the large, international EPIC II one-day point prevalence study on infections in patients hospitalized in ICUs were used. For the current study, we compared the data obtained from patients from two groups of countries: countries with reported MRSA rates of ≥ 25% (highABR: Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey) and countries with MRSA rates of < 5% (lowABR: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden).Results: On the study day, 1187/2204 (53.9%) patients in the HighABR ICUs were infected and 255/558 (45.7%) in the LowABR ICUs (P < 0.01). Patients in the HighABR ICUs were more severely ill than those in the LowABR ICUs, as reflected by a higher SAPS II score (35.6 vs 32.7, P < 0.05) and had longer median ICU (12 days vs 5 days) and hospital (24 days vs 16 days) lengths of stay. They also had higher crude ICU (20.0% vs 15.4%) and hospital (27.0% vs 21.5%) mortality rates (both P < 0.05). However, after multivariable adjustment and matched pair analysis there were no differences in ICU or hospital mortality rates between High or LowABR ICU patients overall or among those with infections.Conclusions: Being hospitalized in an ICU in a region with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is not associated per se with a worse outcome. © 2014 Hanberger et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Trabajo presentado en el International Congress "Diversity strategies for organic and low input agricultures and their food systems", celebrado en Nantes del 7 al 8 de julio de 2014., Decline in bee populations has increased the interest in the ecological services of faba bean because a group of bee species is associated with their flowers. Faba bean has a great potential to be served by bee polllnators, as agents of crossing, lo increase heterozygosity and heterogenelty for heterosis-mediated yield and resilience in open-pollinaled varieties (OPVs). lnformation on how the inter-play crop-pollinator contributes to crop perfomance is explored lo develop ecosystems services and improved OPVs for low-input (Ll). We test whether phenotypic selection exerted by pollinalors is associated to dlfferences among plants in dynamic adaptation and in crop seed production pattems.

Four private mutations responsible for three forms demyelinating of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) have been associated with the Gypsy population: the NDRG1 p.R148X in CMT type 4D (CMT4D/HMSN-Lom); p.C737_P738delinsX and p.R1109X mutations in the SH3TC2 gene (CMT4C); and a G>C change in a novel alternative untranslated exon in the HK1 gene causative of CMT4G (CMT4G/HMSN-Russe). Here we address the findings of a genetic study of 29 Gypsy Spanish families with autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT. The most frequent form is CMT4C (57.14%), followed by HMSN-Russe (25%) and HMSN-Lom (17.86%). The relevant frequency of HMSN-Russe has allowed us to investigate in depth the genetics and the associated clinical symptoms of this CMT form. HMSN-Russe probands share the same haplotype confirming that the HK1 g.9712G>C is a founder mutation, which arrived in Spain around the end of the 18th century. The clinical picture of HMSN-Russe is a progressive CMT disorder leading to severe weakness of the lower limbs and prominent distal sensory loss. Motor nerve conduction velocity was in the demyelinating or intermediate range.

Es una comunicación parte de la siguiente reunión: A Biochemical Society Focused Meeting LRRK2: function and dysfunction. 28–30 March 2012 Royal Holloway, University of London, UK, Missense mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson´s disease (PD), associated with diverse pathological alterations., http://www.biochemistry.org/Conferences/AllConferences/tabid/379/View/Poster s/MeetingNo/SA130/Default.aspx

Fruits of soursop (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) were evaluated at different ripening stages to determine the changes in their physicochemical characteristics: total soluble solid content, percentage of acidity, pH, and ripeness index. The change in volatile compounds were determined through Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction and subsequent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses. The volatile compounds were identified through the comparison of their chromatographic and spectral properties against the ones exhibited by reference substances. The sensorial quality factors showed values that changed according to the ripening stage. It was established that the ester levels, particularly those from C6, C4, and C8 saturated and unsaturated aliphatic acids, increased with ripening. C6 aliphatic compounds, such as (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenal, were observed to be the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, methyl hexanoate and methyl (E)-2-hexenoate were the main volatile in ripe, overripe and half ripe fruits. The overripe stage was characterized by an increase in the ethyl acetate, methyl butanoate and ethyl butanoate levels, and the appearance of butanoic and hexanoic aliphatic acids. These facts could be used as an indicator of the beginning of the fermentation stage and the loss of fruit sensory quality.

Fruits of soursop (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) were evaluated at different ripening stages to determine the changes in their physicochemical characteristics: total soluble solid content, percentage of acidity, pH, and ripeness index. The change in volatile compounds were determined through Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction and subsequent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses. The volatile compounds were identified through the comparison of their chromatographic and spectral properties against the ones exhibited by reference substances. The sensorial quality factors showed values that changed according to the ripening stage. It was established that the ester levels, particularly those from C6, C4, and C8 saturated and unsaturated aliphatic acids, increased with ripening. C6 aliphatic compounds, such as (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenal, were observed to be the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, methyl hexanoate and methyl (E)-2-hexenoate were the main volatile in ripe, overripe and half ripe fruits. The overripe stage was characterized by an increase in the ethyl acetate, methyl butanoate and ethyl butanoate levels, and the appearance of butanoic and hexanoic aliphatic acids. These facts could be used as an indicator of the beginning of the fermentation stage and the loss of fruit sensory quality. Los frutos de guanábana (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) en diferentes estados de madurez se evaluaron para determinar las características fisico-químicas: sólidos solubles totales, porcentaje de acidez, pH e índice de madurez. Los cambios en la composición de los compuestos volátiles se determinaron mediante la técnica de Espacio de Cabeza-Microextracción en Fase Sólida y el posterior análisis por Cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Los compuestos volátiles se identificaron por comparación de sus propiedades cromatográficas y espectrales con sustancias de referencia. Los factores de calidad sensorial mostraron valores que variaron con el estado de madurez. Además, se estableció que la cantidad de ésteres, especialmente los provenientes de los ácidos C6, C4 y C8, saturados e insaturados, se incrementaron con la maduración. Los compuestos alifáticos C6, como el (Z)-3-hexenol y el (Z)-3-hexenal, fueron los volátiles mayoritarios en la fruta verde; en tanto que el hexanoato de metilo y el (E)-2-hexenoato de metilo, fueron los más abundantes en las frutas maduras, sobremaduras y de madurez intermedia. En la sobremaduración aumentó la concentración de acetato de etilo, butanoato de metilo y butanoato de etilo; y aparecieron los ácidos alifáticos butanoico y hexanoico, los cuales pueden ser indicadores del inicio de la etapa fermentativa y de la pérdida de la calidad sensorial de la fruta.

Background: adalimumab, a human anti-TNF, is an effective induction and maintenance therapy for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. It seems to be effective in patients with resistance to infliximab, too, though the experience is more limited. Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of adalimumab, in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and failure to previous treatment with infliximab. B twenty-five patients with CD and failure to previous treatment with infliximab were enrolled; they were treated with 160/80 (24 patients) and 80/40 (1 patient) induction doses. We analyze clinical response to treatment with adalimumab by the Crohn's disease Activity Index (CDAI) and plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), steroid sparing and complete fistula closure at week 48. Results: eighteen out of twenty-five patients (72%) achieved clinical remission (CDAI score < 150) at week 24 and 15/25 (60%) patients at week 48. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) in CRP serum levels from 21 to 8 mg/dl at week 48. Nine out of fifteen patients (60%) treated with corticosteroids were able to discontinue steroids. Three out of eleven patients (27%) with fistulizing Crohn's disease had complete fistula closure after the treatment. Seventy two percent of the patients (18/25) needed to increase adalimumab to weekly dose, in order to maintain clinical response. Five out of twenty-five patients (20%) had adverse events; two of them (8%) with serious adverse events (tuberculous meningitis and abdominal abscess) that forced the withdrawal of treatment. Conclusions: according to these data, adalimumab provides a clinical and analytical improvement in patients with CD and failure to previous therapy with infliximab. Introducción: adalimumab, un anti-TNF humano, ha demostrado ser efectivo en la inducción y tratamiento de mantenimiento de la enfermedad de Crohn moderada-grave. Existe menos experiencia, pero este fármaco parece también eficaz en los pacientes con pérdida de respuesta o intolerancia al infliximab. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de adalimumab durante un año, en nuestra serie de pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y fracaso en el tratamiento previo con infliximab. Métodos: se incluyen 25 pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn y fracaso previo a la terapia con infliximab, que son tratados con adalimumab. Se utilizaron dosis de inducción de 160/80 mg en 24 pacientes y dosis de 80/40 en un paciente. Analizamos la respuesta clínica al tratamiento con adalimumab mediante el Índice de actividad de la enfermedad de Crohn (CDAI) y las concentraciones plasmáticas de proteína C reactiva (PCR), el cese de la corticoterapia y el cierre completo de las fistulas en la semana 48. Resultados: dieciocho de veinticinco pacientes (72%) alcanzan la remisión clínica (CDAI < 150) en la semana 24 y 15/25 pacientes (60%) en la semana 48. Esto se acompañó de un descenso de los niveles de PCR de 21 a 8 mg/l en la semana 48. En nueve de quince pacientes (60%) que tomaban corticoides, se consiguió su retirada. Tres de once pacientes (27%) con enfermedad fistulosa presentaron un cierre completo de las fístulas tras el tratamiento con adalimumab. Un 72% de los pacientes (18/25) necesitaron, a lo largo del seguimiento, acortar el intervalo de tratamiento a una semana para mantener la respuesta. Cinco de veinticinco pacientes (20%) presentan efectos secundarios y en 2 de ellos (8%) fue precisa la retirada del fármaco (meningitis tuberculosa y absceso abdominal). Conclusiones: el tratamiento con adalimumab proporciona una mejoría clínica y analítica en un número significativo de pacientes con EC y fracaso previo a la terapia con infliximab.

Seminar about the new European legislation on plant protection products, the safe use of pesticides in greenhouses and the presentation of the results of different trials on the efficacy and deposition of the products according to application technique. Seminario que aborda la nueva legislación europea sobre utilización de productos fitosanitarios, el uso seguro de fitosanitarios en invernadero y la presentación de los resultados obtenidos en distintos ensayos sobre la eficacia y deposición de los productos según la técnica de aplicación.

Se estima que en Chile, hasta marzo de 2008 se han efectuado 637 trasplantes hepáticos ortotópicos (THO), siendo la principal causa la cirrosis hepática. Según estadísticas norteamericanas, en el año 2006 existían 3000 mujeres con THO en edad reproductiva. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 25 años, trasplantada hepática hace 6 años, en terapia inmunosupresora, con buen resultado materno-perinatal. Until March 2008, Chile had 637 orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the main cause was liver cirrhosis. According to US statistics, in 2006 there were 3000 women of reproductive age with OLT. We report a 25-year-old, liver transplant six years ago in immunosuppressive therapy, with good maternal and perinatal outcome.

The identification and discrimination of functional sequences or muta- tions is very helpful in the medical area. Promoter and splice-junction identification, gene finding, DNA or Aminoacid database searching are some examples. Pattern recognition algorithms are candidates to perform this tasks. In this work we present a model, based on AlphaBeta associative memory and NeedlemanWunsch algorithm, to correctly recall altered version of learning patterns with one or more of the follow- ing modifications: insertions, deletions, and mutations, very common alterations in DNA and Aminoacid sequences. Moreover, this model preserve one of the most important advantages in associative memo- ries, the correct recall of the fundamental set. To test the performance of the algorithm on bioinformatics and biomedical applications, the model presented here was tested using two datasets; one from the UCI repository; refered to promoter identification and the second one to using the genome of the Variovorax paradoxus organism obtained from the NCBI repository.

This work reports on the characterization of Roman mosaic samples from Carmona and Italica (Spain). A physico-chemical study of both glass tesserae and mortar fragments to determine their composition, to evaluate their state of conservation and to study their production technology was carried out. Samples were characterized by means of a binocular microscope, SEM-EDS, visible spectrophotometry, XRD and petrographic analysis. The tesserae were made from soda lime silicate glass, even though one of them showed high contents of lead and copper oxides. The samples from Carmona showed deterioration pathologies associated to the humidity affecting the mosaic during burial, while those from Italica presented traces of biodeterioration. The data also indicated that the glass used in the tesserae had a lower technical quality than that used in tableware pieces of similar chronology., Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio realizado en muestras de mosaicos romanos procedentes de Carmona e Itálica (Sevilla). El objetivo principal del estudio consistió en la caracterización químico-física de teselas de vidrio y fragmentos de mortero para determinar su composición, evaluar su estado de conservación y estudiar su tecnología de producción. Las muestras se caracterizaron mediante lupa binocular, MEB-EDS, espectrofotometría visible, DRX y análisis petrográfico. Los resultados indicaron que las teselas se realizaron con vidrio de silicato sódico cálcico, aunque una de ellas mostró elevados contenidos de óxidos de plomo y de cobre. Las muestras procedentes de Carmona presentaron patologías de deterioro asociadas a la humedad retenida por el mosaico durante su enterramiento, mientras que las muestras de Itálica presentaron huellas de biodeterioro. Asimismo, los resultados indicaron que en las teselas se utilizó un vidrio de inferior calidad técnica que el empleado en piezas de vajilla de cronología semejante.

The use of stables for horses has become a routine practice, especially for those used in equestrian sports, affecting some behaviours due to the changes in their natural environment which can have a detrimental effect on their welfare. In Chile the conditions under which horses are kept in stables in relation to welfare have not been described. This is why the main objective of this study was to describe the housing systems for horses used in the south of Chile and determine if they have the conditions required to maintain an adequate welfare status. Fourteen stud farms, including 283 horses of different breeds located in Valdivia, Ranco, Osorno and Chiloé provinces were visited. Direct and indirect methods were used for the evaluation; these included aspects of health, behaviour, handling of the horses and training of the personnel. According to our results most horses had a good body condition score (88%), 2.5% presented lesions and only 0.7% were lame. All stud farms had deworming schedules and the majority a vaccination programme. The main problems were related with the presence of behavioural disorders (18.4%), low number of food rations per day, size of the stables and lack of training of the personnel, especially in relation to animal welfare concepts. All stud farms had a high level of concern about the care of their horses. However, the lack of knowledge in some aspects related to horse management need to be addressed through training in order to improve horses welfare. &nbsp, La estabulación de los equinos es una forma de manejo cotidiana, principalmente en aquellos destinados a deporte, provocando modificaciones conductuales debido al cambio desde un ambiente natural a uno artificial, pudiendo afectar su bienestar. En Chile, las condiciones en que se mantienen los equinos estabulados en relación a su bienestar no han sido descritas. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir algunas de las condiciones de estabulación de equinos y determinar si éstas son las requeridas para mantener un estado de bienestar adecuado. Se evaluaron 283 equinos, de distintas razas, pertenecientes a 14 criaderos del sur de Chile (Provincias de Valdivia, Ranco, Osorno y Chiloé). Se utilizaron métodos directos e indirectos; éstos consideraron aspectos de salud, comportamiento, prácticas de manejo y capacitación del personal. El 88% de los equinos presentó buena condición corporal, mientras que pocos presentaron heridas (2,5%) y claudicaciones (0,7%). Todos los criaderos se preocupaban de realizar manejo antiparasitario y la mayoría de vacunar contra enfermedades infecciosas. Las principales falencias fueron la presencia de problemas conductuales (18,4%); la baja frecuencia de la alimentación de los equinos, tamaño de las pesebreras y la capacitación del personal en el manejo equino, particularmente la capacitación en relación al bienestar animal. En todos los criaderos existe preocupación por el cuidado de sus animales, sin embargo, la falta de conocimiento en relación a los problemas presentados es una situación que debería ser solucionada. La capacitación del personal encargado del manejo equino, en cuanto a comportamiento normal, sería un aporte para mejorar el bienestar de estos animales. &nbsp

Acinetobacter baumannii, patógeno de importancia clínica en el ámbito hospitalario, es reconocido como un microorganismo que posee la capacidad de evolucionar rápidamente hacia la multirresistencia. Estudios previos efectuados en nuestro laboratorio han demostrado la alta dispersión de los integrones de clase 2 en aislamientos de esta especie. En el presente trabajo se analizaron 7 aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistentes portadores de la integrasa de clase 2, 6 de los cuales portaban el inusual arreglo Tn7::In2-8. Nuestros resultados muestran una elevada frecuencia de dispersión del elemento Tn7::In2-8 en diferentes clones circulantes en Chile, lo que sugiere un comportamiento geográfico particular. Acinetobacter baumannii is considered an important pathogen in our hospital environment having a well-known capacity to acquire different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Previous studies in our laboratory had exposed the high dispersion of class 2 integrons in this species. In the present study, we analyzed 7 multiresistant intI2 positive A. baumannii isolates, 6 of which were found to harbour the Tn7::In2-8 element. Our results demonstrate the unusually high distribution of Tn7::In2-8 among different A. baumannii clones from Chile, suggesting a particular behavior of these elements at geographical level. Fil: Ramirez, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentina Fil: Bello, H.. Universidad de Concepción; Chile Fil: González Rocha, G.. Universidad de Concepción; Chile Fil: Márquez, C.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Centron, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentina

Se presentan los conceptos de ecosistemas estratégicos y de estructura ecológica y su aplicación al ordenamiento ambiental del territorio. Se parte de la idea de que la sociedad depende en alto grado, para su bienestar y para la sostenibilidad de sus procesos económicos, de bienes y servicios prestados por la naturaleza, llamados aquí servicios ecológicos. Estos servicios son aportados por ecosistemas que, en su conjunto, constituyen una estructura ecológica, equivalente natural de las infraestructuras creadas por el hombre para proveer servicios (viales, de acueducto, energía, etc.). Como éstas, la Estructura Ecológica puede ser objeto de diseño, construcción y mantenimiento. Se expone una metodología, mediante el uso de herramientas de SIG, para identificar la Estructura Ecológica de Soporte Mínima para la prestación de servicios y como, por comparación con la Estructura realmente existente en el territorio, se puede proponer un esquema de ordenamiento que tienda a la gestión adecuada del territorio, dentro de cuatro modalidades básicas de uso: conservación, uso sostenible, restauración y recuperación.

Effect of two edible coatings on the quality of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica T.) from Callosa d'En Sarria (Spain) is studied. The coatings are prepared with commercial solutions of chitosan (0,6%) and sucroester fatty acids (1%), that are applied to fruit at fully-ripe stage, and stored at 20°C and 90% RH for 16 days. Gas chromatography is used to find the rate of respiration and ethylene production. Firmness is determined with a universal machine (Instron Machine Model 4302, Canton Mass, USA®). Physiological weight loss is measured gravimetrically, and a panel of trained judges assesses sensory quality. Results display that chitosan is more efficient reducing weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production. Both substances contribute to maintain flesh firmness, organoleptic characteristics and the fruits presentation. Se estudia el efecto de dos recubrimientos comestibles sobre la calidad de frutos de níspero (Eriobotrya japonica T.) procedentes de Callosa d'En Sarriá (España). Los recubrimientos se preparan a partir de soluciones comerciales de quitosano (0,6%) y sucroéster de ácidos grasos (1%) que se aplican a frutos cosechados en madurez de consumo, los cuales se almacenan durante 16 días a 20&176;C y 90% de HR. La cromatografía gaseosa se usa para encontrar la tasa de respiración y la producción de etileno, la firmeza se precisa con una máquina universal Instron Machine-Modelo 4302, Canton Mass, USA®, la pérdida fisiológica de peso se determina gravimétricamente y la calidad sensorial la establece un panel de jueces entrenados. Los resultados muestran que el quitosano es más eficiente en reducir la pérdida fisiológica de peso, la tasa de respiración y la producción de etileno. Ambas sustancias contribuyen a mantener la firmeza de la pulpa, las características organolépticas y la presentación de los frutos.

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Cape gooseberry fruits are harvested at maturity for consumption at three different times. They areevaluated physico-chemically and sensorially. Repeated measures analysis are performed using a variancecovariancestructure of the first order autoregressive heterogeneous. The results show statisticallysignificant differences (p0,05) for aroma,texture, mouth taste and flavors variables. The accesions studied for the phytoimprovement program ofthe physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics were similar to the commercial samples. Thereforeit is expected that crosses between them do not invalidate the exercise.

Cape gooseberry fruits are harvested at maturity for consumption at three different times. They are evaluated physico-chemically and sensorially. Repeated measures analysis are performed using a variancecovariance structure of the first order autoregressive heterogeneous. The results show statistically significant differences (p0,05) for aroma, texture, mouth taste and flavors variables. The accesions studied for the phytoimprovement program of the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics were similar to the commercial samples. Therefore it is expected that crosses between them do not invalidate the exercise.

Se cosechan frutos de uchuva en grado de madurez de consumo en tres tiempos diferentes, se caracterizan físico-química y sensorialmente. Se realizan análisis de medidas repetidas con estructura de varianzascovarianzas autoregresiva heterogénea de primer orden, estableciendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p0,05) para las variables aroma, textura bucal y sabor. Para el programa de fitomejoramiento las características físico-químicas y organolépticas de las accesiones estudiadas son similares al testigo comercial; por lo tanto, se espera que los cruzamientos entre ellas no demeriten estos aspectos. Cape gooseberry fruits are harvested at maturity for consumption at three different times. They are evaluated physico-chemically and sensorially. Repeated measures analysis are performed using a variancecovariance structure of the first order autoregressive heterogeneous. The results show statistically significant differences (p0,05) for aroma, texture, mouth taste and flavors variables. The accesions studied for the phytoimprovement program of the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics were similar to the commercial samples. Therefore it is expected that crosses between them do not invalidate the exercise.

Se presentan los conceptos de ecosistemas estratégicos y de estructura ecológica y su aplicación al ordenamiento ambiental del territorio. Se parte de la idea de que la sociedad depende en alto grado, para su bienestar y para la sostenibilidad de sus procesos económicos, de bienes y servicios prestados por la naturaleza, llamados aquí servicios ecológicos. Estos servicios son aportados por ecosistemas que, en su conjunto, constituyen una estructura ecológica, equivalente natural de las infraestructuras creadas por el hombre para proveer servicios (viales, de acueducto, energía, etc.). Como éstas, la Estructura Ecológica puede ser objeto de diseño, construcción y mantenimiento. Se expone una metodología, mediante el uso de herramientas de SIG, para identificar la Estructura Ecológica de Soporte Mínima para la prestación de servicios y como, por comparación con la Estructura realmente existente en el territorio, se puede proponer un esquema de ordenamiento que tienda a la gestión adecuada del territorio, dentro de cuatro modalidades básicas de uso: conservación, uso sostenible, restauración y recuperación.

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia y seguridad de le esclerectomía profunda no perforante en el manejo quirúrgico del glaucoma inflamatorio. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que evalúa una muestra de 6 ojos diagnosticados de glaucoma inflamatorio a los que se les realiza una esclerectomía profunda no perforante con implante de ácido hialurónico reticulado, con un seguimiento postoperatorio de 12 meses. Resultados: Tras un seguimiento medio de 12 meses, el 66,67% de los casos presenta un éxito completo (PIO entre 5 y 21 mmHg sin necesidad de fármacos) y el 100% éxito parcial. La tensión media al año fue de 16,67 mmHg (DE: 3,26), siendo este descenso medio (23,00 mmHg, DE: 13,75 mmHg) estadísticamente significativo (p = 0,027). El número medio de fármacos hipotensores para controlar la presión intraocular se redujo significativamente desde 2,67 (DE: 0,52) a 0,50 (DE: 0,84) a los doce meses de seguimiento. No se observó pérdida de agudeza visual en ningún caso. Las únicas complicaciones postoperatorias observadas fueron un caso de hifema y un quiste de tenon. Conclusiones: La esclerectomía profunda no perforante en este estudio preliminar muestra una elevada eficacia y escasas complicaciones postoperatorias, por lo que podría ser una alternativa en el manejo quirúrgico del glaucoma inflamatorio. Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy in uveitic glaucoma. Methods: In this observational retrospective trial, 6 eyes with inflammatory glaucoma underwent a nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy and a reticulated hyaluronic acid implant. The minimal follow-up period was 12 months. Results: At 12 months, the complete success rate (defined as an IOP higher than 5 and lower than 21 mmHg without medication) was 66.67% and the qualified success rate was 100%. The mean postoperative IOP at 12 months was 16.67 mmHg (SD: 3.26), and the mean IOP reduction was 23.00 mmHg (SD:13.75) (p= 0.027). The mean number of antiglaucoma medications required was reduced from 2.67 (SD: 0.52) before surgery to 0.50 (SD: 0.84) one year after surgery (p= 0.038). No change on visual acuity was observed. Complications included one case of hyphema and one case of bleb encapsulation. Conclusions: Nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy in this preliminary study, deep sclerectomy was efficacious and had few postoperative complications, so it can be an alternative in the management of uveitic glaucoma.

Son evaluados diariamente tomates de árbol en grado de madurez de cosecha con el fin de determinar la evolución de diferentes características poscosecha. El comportamiento de la tasa respiratoria permite confirmar al fruto como un producto no climatérico, con un tiempo óptimo de maduración y consumo alrededor de los 10 días de poscosecha, alcanzando en este estado pérdidas de peso por transpiración entre el 8 y 10%. Las características físicas y químicas presentan un incremento de los sólidos solubles totales, disminución en el porcentaje de acidez y en la firmeza. El color de la epidermis y la pulpa presentan un incremento de la cromaticidad amarilla y roja, resultando una tonalidad anaranjada del fruto, que se hizo más acentuada con la maduración. Tree Tomatoes harvest ripening degree are evaluated each day in order to determine the evolution of different postharvest characteristics. Respiratory rate behavior allows the identification of the fruit as a no climacteric product, with an optimum ripening time and consumption of 10 days after harvest. The fruit shows a mass loss for transpiration between 8 and 10% when the optimum ripening stage was reached. Chemical and physical characteristics present a total soluble solids increase, a decrease of the acidity values, a decrease of firmness. The color of the epidermis and pulp shows an increase of the yellow and red chromaticity, which combination exhibit an orange like color, being this effect greater with the ripening development.

We report a 42 years old HIV negative male admitted for fever of unknown origin. Initial laboratory evaluation showed elevated hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase and an hipodense hepatic imagen was visualized in the CT scan. Hepatic biopsy demonstrated tuberculous granulomas and alcohol fast acid rods with Ziehl Neelsen stain. Anti-tuberculous treatment resulted in resolution of fever, improvement of general condition and normalization of laboratory parameters.

Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 42 años, seronegativo para VIH, con fiebre de origen desconocido (FOD), asociada a elevación de transaminasas y fosfatasas alcalinas con patrón colestásico e imágenes hepáticas hipodensas en la tomografía axial computada. La biopsia hepática demostró la presencia de granulomas tuberculosos con visualización de un bacilo con alcohol-ácido resistencia. El cuadro respondió al tratamiento con fármacos antituberculosos presentando caída de curva febril, mejoría del estado general y normalización de parámetros de laboratorio We report a 42 years old HIV negative male admitted for fever of unknown origin. Initial laboratory evaluation showed elevated hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase and an hipodense hepatic imagen was visualized in the CT scan. Hepatic biopsy demonstrated tuberculous granulomas and alcohol fast acid rods with Ziehl Neelsen stain. Anti-tuberculous treatment resulted in resolution of fever, improvement of general condition and normalization of laboratory parameters