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Functional bloating is one of the gastrointestinal diseases that impacts the quality of life and social activities of the patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification based on Persian Medicine (PM) on functional bloating improvement. Fifty patients with functional bloating and ROME III confirmation criteria were enrolled in the study groups of control and intervention. The intervention group received lifestyle modification education based on PM perspectives, and the control group did not receive any training. The score of implementing PM recommendations by patients was evaluated by the questionnaire of “compliance with the PM principles effective on functional bloating” once every two weeks during the two months of the study. The severity of clinical Complications Associated with Functional Bloating (CAFB) was also evaluated before and after the study by visual analog scale. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed by t-test and ANCOVA in SPSS version 19. The qualitative data analysis was performed via Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. The severity of clinical CAFB was significantly higher in women at baseline (P = 0.027). Lifestyle modification of patients led to a gradual increase in compliance with the PM principles. By the end of the study, the mean score of compliance with the PM principles in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the pre-intervention score (P

Background and Objective: Oral candidiasis is often caused by Candida albicans, followed by C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal effects of Rosa damascena (R. damascena) essential oil, mixed mouthwash of R. damascena essential oil and grape vinegar, as well as nystatin against various standard Candida species. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 5 standard strains of various Candida species. The anti-Candida effects of R. damascena and mixed mouthwash against various Candida strains were assessed using well diffusion and broth macrodilution methods. Nystatin was utilized as a positive control drug. Results: The results of the well diffusion assay of R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash were 17 and 6 mm regarding C. albicans strains, respectively, and 15 mm and 0 regarding other Candida strains, respectively. With respect to the results obtained from broth macrodilution test, the minimum inhibitory concentration of R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash were found to be 8 and 6 µg/ml, 124 and 12 µg/ml, 31 and 12 µg/ml, as well as 62 and 25 µg/ml for C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata , and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Moreover, C. albicans was the most sensitive Candida species to R. damascena essential oil and the mixed mouthwash. Conclusion: The results showed that R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash remarkably led to the inhibition of Candida species growth causing oral candidiasis.

Objective Sulfur mustard (SM) was used as a chemical weapon in Iraq-Iran war. Exposed people have major complications in important organs such as pulmonary system. Some studies have shown that SM could affect the expression of endogenous genes and non-housekeeping genes, time dependently. To understand the accurate molecular mechanism of the delayed effect of SM, the identification of the gene expression pattern in these patients is essential. Hence, we have evaluated mRNA expression of four common housekeeping genes (ACTIN, PGK1, β2m, GAPDH) in SM-exposed and non-exposed (control) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human lung tissues. Method Paraffin block of lung biopsy of SM-exposed people (11 cases) and people without exposure to SM as control group (9 cases) have been selected. The mRNA expression of four endogenous control genes has been evaluated by qRT-PCR. The stability value of each gene was calculated by different methods. Result It was found that ACTIN mRNA has the highest expression (30.26±2.87) and PGK1 has the lowest standard deviation (SD) (30.885±2.215) between pooled groups. The best correlation was between ACTIN and PGK1 expressions. The M value has shown that ACTIN and then PGK1 are the most stable housekeeping genes among. The results obtained from the GeNorm and NormFinder have indicated that the pair ACTIN- PGK1 is the most suitable choice for endogenous control genes. Conclusion ACTIN and PGK1 genes are stable in studied lung tissues and are the better than two other housekeeping genes. In addition, mustard gas does not affect their expression in long term., Highlights • Β-actin and PGK1 are most stable housekeeping genes among studied genes in the lung. • GAPDH gene has variable expression in the lung tissue. • FFPE samples can use instead fresh tissue in gene expression studies.

Objective(s): Withdrawal contraception accompanied with high unwanted and morbidity .the aim of this study to gain of the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of using contraceptive methods withdrawal users to design effective effective intervention for them.Methods: In the first stage qualitative methods used to elicit questionnaire with 50 women .In the second stage cross-sectional study was performed 300 women attending to the health care centers in west Tehran were selected randomly. In the both of them women were not intended to become pregnant and use withdrawal contraception .data analyzed by using descriptive statistical tests.Results: They had used modern contraceptive methods before withdrawal in 70.7 percent .The mean withdrawal usage was 60.5 4.9 and modern contraceptive was 2.3 2.9 years. The most common source of information on modern contraceptive was health care providers and informal sources. The women are familiar with emergency contraception in 34 percent. Unwanted pregnancy related to withdrawal contraception was 33/7 percent. The most common beliefs related to oral pills nervousness (79.3%) obesity (26.7%) infertility (79.3%), IUD infection (34%) pregnancy (22.7%), spontaneous movement (21%) condom, pregnancy (73.7%) and three monthly injection, pregnancy (33.3%).Conclusion: It was important that planners will be design family planning packages should contain programs to correct the wrong beliefs. Side effects of modern contraception should be as soon as possible recognizing. They counselors must be guided them .Positive attitude related to withdrawal contraception suggests that family planning programs disseminated essential information among this groups.

The aim of this study was the evaluation effects of a chronic intermittent cold stress regimen before and during PCO modeling in rat. Forty-eight rats were treated with estradiol valerate for 60 days in order to induction of follicular cysts (PCO modeling). Rats were divided into two groups: (1) before (cold stress 3 weeks then PCO modeling) and (2) during modeling (cold stress and PCO simultaneous). The biochemical and histological findings show that in simultaneous cold stress and estradiol injection group PCOS modeling has been done successfully and in the other group cold stress prevents induction of PCO in rats. The present study is the first survey that reports 3-week chronic stress before estradiol injection prevents the induction of PCO in rats.

To describe the long-term health status of Sardasht civilians 20 years after sulfur mustard exposure, a historical cohort study was carried out in Sardasht (Iran) that included 372 exposed and 128 unexposed civilians. Their symptoms, diagnoses, drug use, and general health were compared. The most common complaints were about the respiratory system (93.5%), eyes (52%), skin (94.7%), and anxiety and depression (69.2%). Respiratory (42.5%), skin (75.5%), ophthalmic (19.6%), and mental (62.7%) diseases were diagnosed by specialists and they were more common in the exposed group than the control group (P < 0.001). Most of the exposed group had used drugs (70.6%), which was more than control group (42.8%). It seems that exposure to sulfur mustard caused a lot of health problems in Sardasht. Identifying the pathophysiology of these problems can help them more, but more investigation is needed.

Objective: To study the qualification of divorce main factors so that it would be clarified proper consultation-intervention solutions to decrease it by counseling methods in the courts and counseling clinics. The divorce is categorized as the most tragic of social phenomenon, the damages and problems of which undergone by the couple and their families before and after divorce and the effective factors of this phenomenon incidence have been studied for many years. Divorce has different factors and it can never clarify a specific one as the main factor of divorce. Materials and methods: This survey studied the divorce creating factors in divorce applicants in Tehran Family courts (Shahid Mahalati-Vanak) during 2010-2011. The applicants of sampling group were including 300 referred ones from the courts, and the research method was descriptive and cross-sectional accomplishing by structured interview. Findings were shown as frequency and percent. Results: The results showed that the important factors of divorce request are including in order of psychic factors (93.3%), social and cultural factors (87.3%), sexual factors (88%), economical factors (80.3%), and violence (84.3%), and it may be multi-factors as well. Conclusion: In addition to recommendation for more study in these fields, the results of this survey suggest to apply the necessary programming in teaching and counseling before the marriage as well as the necessity of informing the couple in receiving professional consults in time of problem incidence and proceeding for divorce in order to prevent from divorce incidence.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of interaction of sympathetic and opioid systems in the processing of polycystic ovary syndrome modeling in rat. Ninety adult female rats (7–8 weeks of age) were treated with EV for 60 days for induction of follicular cysts (PCO modeling). Clonidine and yohimbine were used for sympathic agonist and antagonist and nalterxone was used for opioid system inhibition. Interactions of two systems were studied. Our results indicate that both systems and interaction of two systems are effective in processing modeling of PCOS in rat. Interaction of two system drugs decreased estradiol (P