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Geoekološko vrednovanje reljefa Parka prirode Hutovo blato s aspekta njegove turističke i rekreacijske valorizacije provedeno je na temelju prethodne geomorfološke analize. U radu je promatran turizam i rekreacija kao sociološki elementi razvoja parka prirode Hutovo blato. Za postupak geoekološkog vrednovanja izdvojeni su reljefni oblici određenog stupnja atraktivnosti (vrhovi, padine, korita i dolinska dna, vododerine, područje oko Deranskog jezera, područje oko Svitavskog jezera i Svitavsko jezero), koji su vrednovani za sljedeće oblike rekreacije: šetnja, brdski biciklizam, rekreacijski biciklizam, promatranje ptica i krajolika te kajaking i kanuing. Stupanj pogodnosti reljefa za navedene vidove rekreacije određen je na temelju fizičke pogodnosti, estetske vrijednosti i dostupnosti. U postupku vrednovanja primijenjena je metoda relativnog vrednovanja reljefa. Provedeno vrednovanje ukazalo je na vrijedne i potencijalno vrijedne dijelove reljefa, ali i na one ograničavajuće elemente krajolika, zbog kojih pojedini dijelovi nisu do sada dovoljno turistički valorizirani. To se posebno odnosi na istočni i jugoistočni dio Parka s izraženim problemom fizičke pogodnosti i (ne)dostupnosti (udaljenost te nepostojanje ili neuređenost pješačkih staza, otežane plovnosti, nepristupačnosti obale obrasle vegetacijom). Predložene su moguće aktivnosti za povećanje geoekološke vrijednosti prostora (uređivanje infrastrukture za rekreacijski biciklizam, te obnova starih i uređenje novih edukativnih staza za šetnju i edukaciju na prostoru koji ima potencijal postati zanimljiv i atraktivan dio Parka prirode Hutovo blato)., The geoecological evaluation of the relief of the Hutovo blato Nature Park from the perspective of its touristic and recreational valorization was carried out based on previous geomorphological analysis. The paper examines tourism and recreation as sociological elements of the development of the Hutovo blato Nature Park. For the geoecological evaluation, landforms of a certain degree of attractiveness (peaks, slopes, troughs and valley bottoms, ravines, the area around Lake Deran, the area around Lake Svitava and Lake Svitava) were selected, which were then evaluated for the following forms of recreation: walking, mountain biking, recreational cycling, bird and landscape watching, as well as kayaking and canoeing. The degree of convenience of relief for the mentioned types of recreation was determined based on its physical convenience, aesthetic value and accessibility. In the evaluation process, the method of relative relief evaluation was used. The conducted evaluation revealed the valuable and potentially valuable parts of the relief, but also the limiting elements of the landscape, which are the reason why certain parts have not been sufficiently valorized for tourism. This especially applies to the eastern and southeastern parts of the Park, with a pronounced problem of physical convenience and (in)accessibility (distance and the absence or the lack of maintenance of footpaths, difficult navigation and inaccessibility of the coast overgrown with vegetation). Possible activities to increase the geoecological value of the area are proposed (introduction of infrastructure for recreational cycling, and renovation of old and introduction of new educational paths for walking and education in an area that has the potential to become an interesting and attractive part of the Hutovo Blato Nature Park)., Die geoökologische Auswertung des Reliefs des Naturparks Hutovo blato aus dem Gesichtspunkt seiner touristischen und Erholungswertung wurde anhand einer vorhergehenden geomorphologischen Analyse durchgeführt. In der Arbeit werden Tourismus und Erholung als soziologiosche Elemente der Entwicklung des Naturparks Hutovo blato in Betracht gezogen. Es wurden unterschiedlich attraktive Reliefs (Gipfel, Hänge, Mulden, Talsohlen, Erosionsrinnen, Gebiet um den Deransko See, Gebiet um den Svitavsko See und der Svitavsko See selbst), geoökologisch ausgewertet, die sich für folgende Arten der Erholung eignen: Spaziergänge, Bergradfahren, Radfahren als Erholung, Vogel- und Landschaftsbeobachtung, sowie Kayakfahren und Kanufahren. Der Eignungsgrad des Reliefs für die genannten Arten der Erholung wurde anhand der physischen Eignung, des ästhetischen Werts und der Zugänglichkeit bestimmt. Bei der Auswertung wurde die Methode der relativen Auswertung des Reliefs angewandt. Die durchgeführte Auswertung hat auf wertvolle und potenziell wertvolle Teile des Reliefs hingewiesen, aber auch auf die einschränkenden Elemente der Landschaft, die daran schuld sind, dass manche Teile bisher nicht genügend touristisch erschlossen wurden. Dies bezieht sich insbesondere auf den östlichen und den südöstlichen Teil des Naturparks, wo die physische Unzugänglichkeit besonders ausgeprägt ist, dazu sind die Fußgängerwege nicht gepflegt, oder es gibt sie nicht, das Ufer ist dicht bewachsen, und die Fahrt auf dem See ist erschwert. Es wurden mögliche Aktivitäten zur Steigerung des geoökologischen Wertes vorgeschlagen (Anlegen von Radwegen, Instandsetzung von alten und Einrichtung von neuen Lehrwegen in einem Raum, der ein interessanter und attraktiver Teil des Naturparks Hutovo blato werden kann).

Environmental education experience in parks has been neglected in literature. This study aims to explore environmental and sustainable educational experiences of visitors in Hong Kong Ma Wan Park where is a nature park that combines nature, learning, and arts. The authors conducted 24 in-depth interviews with visitors to explore the views on those environmental and sustainable educational experiences. This experience is defined as visitors’ knowledge acquired through visitation, and changes of attitude and behaviours toward environmental sustainability. Data analysis shows that visitors’ environmental education experiences are reflected in “7 Rs”: 1) Refocusing on green education, 2) Reinforcing pro-environmental behaviour, 3) Responding for sustainable development, 4) Rekindling low-carbon lifestyle, 5) Respecting nature, 6) Retrieving tree information, and 7) Relaxing and enjoying art in nature. Result suggests those experiences can enable visitors to acquire authentic, professional, and specific knowledge about nature, to develop appreciative and responsible attitudes toward environment, to show philanthropic support of environmentally sustainability, and to prompt environmentally responsible behaviours. The findings of this study show that the environmental education experiences can be 5I’s inspiring, influential, informative, interactive, and innovative in terms of influencing visitors’ awareness, value, attitude, and behaviours for environmental sustainability. This study provides insights for other nature parks to design and implement creative, artistic, and interactive environmental education experiences for visitors about environmental sustainability. Implications, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.

Zoological parks are the ex-situ conservation facilities to complement and strengthen the national efforts in conservation and strengthen the rich biodiversity of the country, particularly the fauna.[1]The architectural design or the map of the zoo depicting location and dimensions of the office,exhibit area, indoor holding area, visitor paths etc are some of the major components of Master (Layout) Plan of the Zoo. Central Zoo Authority is the competent authority to approve the Master (Layout) Plan of the recognized zoological parks recognized by CZA. This Master (Layout) Plan model design takes into account of 3 key parameters that one should keep in mind while designing the zoo: Animal welfare (i.e., making animal housing facility as comfortable as possible), seamless visitor experience and smooth working of zoo management personnel.

Payments for ecosystem services are a voluntary market-based instrument to remunerate provider(s) of ecosystem services by those who benefit from them. Our research aimed to create an ex post evaluation framework to identify bottlenecks and elements hindering the success of a solution-driven PES scheme. The framework was applied to a case study to assess its feasibility and concerns the provision of health and recreational services in the Medvednica Nature Park (Zagreb, Croatia). The framework was set up through three main sources: the study of PES implementation project documentation, semi-structured interviews with visitors and key stakeholders, and web-scraping of TripAdvisor reviews of the park. The main findings confirm society’s interest in the park, but the lack of mapping, quantification, and accounting of the services analysed, the little or no demand from society to pay for their provision, and confused knowledge of the property rights of some ecosystem service providers in the area limit the success of the PES scheme. The framework was useful to describe the chosen PES scheme and to identify bottlenecks and fragilities of the system in place, allowing it to correct its application flaws and, on the other hand, to demonstrate its replicability in other contexts.

В работе приведены результаты комплексного экологического обследования особо охраняемой природной территории «Репнинский лес» г. Воронежа. Дана оценка почвенному и растительному покровам, описаны зоо- и микокомплексы, населяющие объект исследований. Показана ландшафтно-экологическая, эстетическая, санитарно-гигиеническая и рекреационная значимость природного парка. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive ecological survey of the specially protected natural area «Repninsky Forest» of Voronezh. The assessment of soil and vegetation covers is given, zoo- and mycocomplexes inhabiting the object of research are described. The landscapeecological, aesthetic, sanitary-hygienic and recreational significance of the natural park is shown.

Park prirode Medvednica, kao zelena oaza nadomak glavnog grada, iznimno je vrijedan resurs za opuštanje i rekreaciju stanovništva grada Zagreba u prirodnom okruženju, ali i sve značajnija atrakcija za turiste koji posjećuju grad Zagreb i okolicu. Kako su pritisci na taj zaštićeni prostor sve izraženiji u urbanističkom, sportskorekreacijskom i turistički razvojnom smislu, smatralo se važnim ispitati stavove i percepciju stanovnika grada Zagreba prema razvoju zimskog sportskog turizma na području Parka. Podaci za ovo kvantitativno istraživanje prikupljeni su anketnim ispitivanjem na uzorku od 309 stalnih stanovnika grada Zagreba. Istraživanje je pokazalo da stanovnici hrvatske metropole zimi često posjećuju Park te da taj prostor ipak ima veći značaj i vrijednost za gradsko stanovništvo, nego kao turistička atrakcija za privremene posjetitelje. Iako velika većina ispitanika smatra kako su ekonomske koristi od zimskog sportskog turizma od velikog značaja za očuvanje Parka i njegov daljnji razvoj, svjesni su da takav razvoj vrši dodatan pritisak na održivost zaštićenog područja. Među ograničenjima daljnjeg razvoja zimskog sportskog turizma ispitanici primarno vide u ograničenom prostornom kapacitetu i nedostatnoj infrastrukturi, ali i u neizbježnim klimatskim promjenama koje štetno utječu na redovitost održavanja međunarodnih skijaških utrka i imidž Medvednice kao destinacije zimskog sportskog turizma. Nalazi ovog istraživanja ukazuju na potrebu povećane brige o raspoloživim resursima, kao i pomnog promišljanja o mogućnostima i posljedicama daljnjeg razvoja zimskog sportskog turizma na promatranom prostoru. Originalnost ovog rada očituje se u dizajnu istraživanja i njegovoj primjeni na specifičnom prostoru, što do sada u tom obliku nije znanstveno istraživano., Medvednica Nature Park, as a green oasis close to the capital city of Zagreb, is a highly valuable resource for relaxation and recreation of the urban population in a natural environment, but also an increasingly important attraction for tourists visiting the city of Zagreb and its surroundings. As the pressures on this area are increasingly pronounced in urbanisation, sports-recreational and tourism development terms, it was considered important to examine the attitudes and perceptions of the urban population towards the possibilities of developing winter sports tourism in this protected area. The data for this qualitative research was collected through a survey on a sample of 309 residents of the city of Zagreb. The research showed that residents often visit the Park in winter, and that this area still has more significance and value for the local population than as a tourist attraction for temporary visitors. Although the vast majority of respondents believe that the economic benefits of winter sports tourism are of great importance for the preservation of the Park and its further development, they are aware that such development exerts considerable pressure on the sustainability of the protected area. Among the limitations of the further development of winter sports tourism, respondents primarily see limited spatial capacity and insufficient infrastructure, but also inevitable climate changes that adversely affect the regularity of organizing international ski races and the image of Medvednica as a winter sports tourism destination. The findings of this research point to the need for increased care about available resources, as well as careful consideration of the possibilities and consequences of further development of winter sports tourism in the observed area. The originality of this research is reflected in its design and application in a specific area, which has not been scientifically investigated in this format so far.

This study’s objective was to explore some of the annual Prussian carp’s (Carassius gibelio) biological characteristics (sex ratio, length–weight ratio, and gonado somatic index - GSI) in the Kopački Rit Nature Park in Croatia. The Prussian carp is an invasive fish species originated from Asia, which became widely distributed throughout Europe and is believed to be responsible for a decline in the number of indigenous fish, invertebrate, and macrophyte populations in different areas. The fish sampling was conducted from September to November 2017 and from February to July 2018, respectively, using electrofishing. A total of 475 fish individuals were caught and measured for the total length, standard length, body height, and body weight. Males made up 34.31% of the population of Prussian carp. The mean value of Fulton condition factor (FC) of Prussian carp in Kopački Rit was 1.77 ± 0.28. Overall, the FC value had a relatively small amplitude, but it exhibited a clear seasonal vari ability. The average GSI values of females (9.91 ± 5.34) were higher than those of males (3.58 ± 1.37) during the observed period. The average GSI values indicate that the majority of females are spawning in the late April and May, which are also the same periods when other cyprinid species are spawning, allowing the Prussian carp to exploit its gynogenesis strategy., Cilj ovoga istraživanja bila je istražiti neke od bioloških karakteristika (omjer spolova, dužinsko-maseni odnos i gonadosomatski indeks) babuške (Carassius gibelio) tijekom jedne godine u Parku prirode „Kopački rit“ u Hrvatskoj. Babuška je alohtona vrsta ribe uvezena iz Azije koja se od tada proširila diljem Europe te se vjeruje kako je odgovorna za opadanje autohtone populacije riba, beskralježnjaka i makrofita u pojedinim područjima. Ihtiološko uzorkovanje obavljeno je od rujna do studenoga 2017. te od veljače do srpnja 2018. s pomoću elektroribolova. Ukupno je ulovljeno 475 jedinaka, na kojima je izmjerena ukupna dužina, standardna dužina, visina tijela i masa. Mužjaci su činili 34,31 % populacije babuške. Prosječna vrijednost Fultonova kondicijskog faktora (FC) za babušku u Kopačkome ritu bila je 1,77 ± 0,28. Sveukupno, vrijednosti FC-a su imale relativno malo varijacija, ali ukazuju na jasnu sezonsku varijabilnost. Prosječne vrijednosti gonado-somatskoga indeksa (GSI) za ženke (9,91 ± 5,34) bile su veće negoli za mužjake (3,58 ± 1,37) tijekom promatranoga razdoblja. Prosječne vrijednosti GSI-ja ukazuju kako se većina ženka mrijesti krajem travnja i tijekom svibnja, što je isti period kada se mrijeste i ostale ciprinidne vrste, a to babuški omogućuje da se koristi svojom strategijom ginogeneze.

Ijen Tourism Cluster (ITC) merupakan konsep pengembangan aktivitas ekonomi dan pariwisata melalui pemekaran dan penciptaan destinasi pariwisata baru di kawasan sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. ITC memanfaatkan modal alam dan modal sosial yang terdapat pada kawasan destinasi pariwisata untuk menciptakan aktivitas pariwisata yang berkelanjutan di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pariwsata berkelanjutan berbasis klaster pariwisata yang memanfaatkan intergrasi antara daya tarik alam dan potensi kelembagaan yang dimiliki oleh masyarkaat lokal dalam aplikasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 kendala utama dalam aplikasi ITC untuk mengembangkan aktivitas pariwisata di kawasan sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Ketiga kendala tersebut terjadi karena belum optimalnya kapasitas kelembagaan pengelolaan BUDes dan BUMDesa Bersama; rendahnya lama tinggal wisatawan di area sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen; dan rendahnya integrasi klaster antar kawasan destinasi pariwisata disekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut penelitian ini memberikan solusi berupa penciptaan dan pengembangan creative hub yang berfungsi sebagai wadah inovasi dan kreativitas masyarakat lokal, serta sebagai pusat sarana edukasi dan penguatan potensi pariwisata Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Kedepannya area creative hub pada kawasan sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen akan menjadi pusat aktivitas ekonomi, edukasi, dan pelestarian lingkungan bagi masyarakat lokal dan wisatawan.

The article provides information on the biological landscape and agrobiodiversity of the Zaamin National Natural Park. In particular, studies were carried out on the types of microorganisms, plant and animal species growing in the territory of the Zaamin National Natural Park.

The paper considers problems arising from developing the balneological potential in rural areas of Siberia and the Russian Far East. Examining the case of Arey Nature Park located in the Trans-Baikal Territory, the authors analyze the reasons why natural assets do not become the basis for developing the local green economy, unlike the situation with similar resources in many European countries. The long and sustained coexistence of «green» demand and «brown» supply, which is a manifestation of a specific institutional trap, is revealed. The authors prove that in situations where economies of scale cannot foster growth, it is necessary to integrate the regional investment policy with the policy of supporting small and medium-sized businesses in the recreational and health sector of the economy.

En este trabajo intentamos mostrar el aula de educación infantil como un espacio y un tiempo de historias que se recogen, se viven y se inician. El texto es fruto del estudio que hemos realizado en una escuela pública de una población cercana a la ciudad de Valencia. Es una escuela peculiar pues está en un paraje natural, donde el tiempo parece desacelerarse. Durante dos cursos hemos acompañado a las maestras y a las criaturas en dos aulas de 5 y 3 años respectivamente. Nuestra investigación de carácter narrativo explora, desde distintos puntos de vista, los procesos de creación curricular que observábamos en las aulas. En nuestra práctica de observación recogemos hilos con los que enlazar historias que nos muestran cómo el currículum se va creando en la escuela. En este texto exploraremos uno de esos hilos de nuestro estudio: el papel que los materiales tienen en la vida del aula, cómo determinados objetos (libros, elementos naturales, fotografías ) conectan la vida del aula con la vida de las niñas y los niños y sus historias familiares, y cómo cuando las maestras acogen estos materiales y les hacen espacio, aparecen nuevas historias para vivirse desde ellas. In this paper we aim to present the early childhood education classroom as a space and a time of collected, lived, and prompted stories. This text is the result of a study conducted in a state school located in a village near Valencia. It is a singular school, for it is situated in a nature park, where time seems to decelerate. For two school years, we have been alongside teachers and children in two classrooms of ages 5 and 3 respectively. Our investigation - which is of narrative character - explores from diff erent points of view the curriculummaking processes observed in the classrooms. In our observation practice, we gather threads with which to connect stories that show how the curriculum is created within the school. In this paper we will explore one of these threads of our study: the role materials play in the life of the classroom, the way in which certain objects (books, natural elements, photographs ) connect the life of the classroom to the life of the children and their family stories, and how, when teachers embrace these materials and give them a space, new stories to be experienced spring up

İnsanların boş zamanlarında katılmış oldukları rekreasyonel etkinlikler ile yaşam kalitelerini arttırmaları mümkündür. Sahip oldukları kaynak değerleri sebebiyle önemli bir yere sahip olan korunan alanlar, katılımcılara doğa ile iç içe vakit geçirebilecekleri olanaklar sunmaktadırlar. Ancak korunan alanlarda rekreasyonel engeller bazı kullanıcı profilleri üzerinde olumsuz etki göstererek katılımı azaltabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı kadınların rekreasyon alanı olarak korunan alanları tercih etmesinde etkili olan engellerin belirlenmesidir. Burdur Serenler Tepesi Tabiat Parkı araştırma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada materyal olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anket formunda rekreasyonel engeller “Güvenliğe dayalı engeller, kişisel engeller, mekânsal engeller, spora dayalı engeller, zamana dayalı engeller ve arkadaşa dayalı engeller” olmak üzere 6 ana kriter altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Anket formu 83 kadın katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak kadınların korunan alanları çok az kullandığı ve rekreasyonel tercihlerini etkileyen en önemli faktörün “Güvenliğe dayalı engeller” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kadınların demografik özelliklerine (yaş, eğitim, medeni durum, vb.) bağlı olarak rekreasyonel tercihlerinin değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Korunan alanlarda gerçekleştirilen mekânsal planlama ve tasarım çalışmalarında bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının dikkate alınması kadınların rekreasyonel faaliyetlere katılımına katkı sağlayacaktır., It is possible for people to increase their quality of life by engaging in recreational activities during their free time. Protected areas, which occupy an important place because of their resource values, offer participants the opportunity to spend time in contact with nature. However, recreational barriers in protected areas may negatively impact some user profiles and reduce participation. In this context, the study aims to identify the barriers to women's preference for protected areas as recreation sites. Burdur Serenler Hill Nature Park was identified as the research area. A questionnaire was used as material for the research. In the questionnaire, recreational obstacles were classified according to 6 main criteria: "safety-related obstacles, personal obstacles, spatial obstacles, sport-related obstacles, time-related obstacles and friendship-related obstacles". The questionnaire was applied to 83 female participants. The SPSS program was used to analyze the data. As a result, it was found that women use protected areas very little and that the most important factor influencing their recreational preferences is "safety-related barriers". In addition, women's leisure preferences were found to change depending on their demographic characteristics (age, education, marital status, etc.). Consideration of the results of this study in spatial planning and design studies in protected areas will help to promote women's participation in recreational activities.

With the advent of the golden jackal in the Lower Dnister, certain changes have taken place in natural complexes, which are primarily related to the impact of the new species on the local fauna. Under such conditions, the number of jackals in certain areas, the spatial structure and location of separate packs are important information for the development of measures aimed at maintaining an optimal abundance of this species. Given the active impact of wildlife on natural systems, there are a number of both biological and purely social problems that need to be addressed. The effectiveness of solving such problems directly depends on the level of study of various aspects of biology and ecology of jackals. In addition, knowledge of the current state of the Dnister jackal population allows timely and effective response to new environmental challenges, which are associated with an increase in the abundance of new species and in its impact on the native mammal fauna. The results of the research indicate a certain competition of the jackal with other species of predatory mammals, in particular the fox and the raccoon dog. Thus, within the territories where the study was carried out, with the appearance of the jackal at the lower course of the Dnister, the red fox was not observed at all and the number of raccoon dogs decreased significantly. Habitats of separate jackal groups within the Lower Dnister National Nature Park have been identified and their total abundance has been established. The dynamics of settlement by the species of the Lower Dnister area is analysed, the conservatism of the species in relation to the residential areas is indicated. It has been established that in some parts of the park, in particular on the northern bank of the Dnister Estuary, the density of animals is about 12 individuals per 1000 hectares, which significantly exceeds the permissible sanitary and epidemiological standards. At the same time, in some parts of the floodplains of the Lower Dnister, density exceeds 0.5 individuals per 1000 ha, which indicates a complex spatial distribution of separate packs and groups of jackals. Mapping of the number of jackals in the park showed that groups far from the estuary are smaller in number (6–14 individuals), whereas groups near the estuary are more abundant (13–20 individuals).

Air pollution by heavy metals in the urbanized surroundings presents a serious threat to human health and the environment. Road dust is distinguished as a high-level pollutant and characterized by a significant content of heavy metals. Green spaces play a leading role when it comes to improving the quality of atmospheric air in megalopolises. They trap pollutants. Most of them settle on the surfaces of plant leaves, but some can be also absorbed through the stomata. As a result of these processes, pollutants, along with fallen leaves, can later migrate to other components of the ecosystem. An important component of this system is forest litter that plays a kind of trigger role by regulating the directions of substance flows in the “leaves-litter-soil” system, keeping chemical elements from leaching out and evenly distributing their inflows. Thus, forest litter functions as a sort of biogeochemical barrier and plays a leading role in the ability of ecosystems to self-regulate. Thus, the purpose of this work was to assess the role of green spaces in improving the quality of atmospheric air in the urban surroundings and to conduct a preliminary assessment of the features of the processes of heavy metals transformation within the forest litter. The model site of research is located within the territory of Holosiivskyi forest, a part of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park (Kyiv). The content of heavy metals in the forest litter was determined using the methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the study of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn content annual dynamics within the forest litter of the hornbeam forest of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park show that the maximum concentrations are typical for the summer period, when the litter reserves sharply decrease, and the minimum ones – for the autumn-winter period during their accumulation. Comparison of the distribution of heavy metals content within the leaf and fermented layers showed that, under the conditions of the model area, Zn, Cu, and Ni are predominantly accumulated right in the leaf layer of the forest litter. Moreover, it was revealed that the processes of leaf litter mineralization lead to migration of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr, and setting of Zn.

An annotated list of new records of butterflies and moths of the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’ is provided. The list includes 103 species, of which 80 are registered in the park for the first time, 60 are new records for Kharkiv Region, and 3 (Trifurcula austriaca van Nieukerken, 1990, Ochsenheimeria capella Möschler, 1860, and Leucoptera genistae (M. Herring, 1933)) are new for Ukraine. Totally, there are 1,364 species of Lepidoptera registered in the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’. There are 13 species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine and 24 species from the Red Data Book of Kharkiv Region of Ukraine registered in the park.

This study reports on the abundance and distribution of mangrove gastropods from Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia (KSNP). The line transect method with quadrats (5m x 5m) was employed to sample the gastropods. Gastropods were collected from the leaves, branches, stems and roots of trees and the mangrove floor. Nineteen gastropod taxa from seven families were recorded from the Bruguiera, mixed (Bruguiera, Avicennia and Rhizophora), Avicennia and Rhizophora zones. Avicennia sp. recorded the largest Girth at Breast Height (GBH) (mean±sd=37.3±18.2 cm) while Bruguiera sp. recorded the smallest GBH (mean=22.36±8 cm). The overall density of the gastropods at KSNP was 0.85 no/m2. The gastropod density was higher at the Avicennia & Rhizophora zone (150-200m (closer to the mudflats) (0.064±0.084 no/m2) followed by the mixed zone (50-150m) (0.046±0.30 no/m2) and lowest at the Bruguiera zone (0-50m) (0.08±0.080 no/m2) (closer to the coastal bund). Gastropod density between sampling zones did not vary significantly (p>0.05) but generally increased from the bund towards the mudflat edge. Further studies of the role of gastropods in the coastal food chain, as bio-indicators of habitat change and as potential food source for local populace are needed.

Spatial planning is a vital process for a rapid and successful development of projects related to wetland management, and thereby projects related to tourism. Tourist activities could provide a boost to the development of general understanding of wetlands and raise public awareness of the functions and the ecosystem services wetlands provide. The tourism economy could be a source of income and could provide employment opportunities in rural areas. However, tourists also have an impact on wetlands. Protected areas accessible to tourists require a comprehensive management. In order to ensure a harmonious relationship between tourism activities and environmental protection, when developing an urban design within a protected area, it is crucial to have a sensitive approach. The paper suggests an approach to the development of the Urban Design "Karaotok", within the Hutovo Blato Nature Park.

During the last decades, against the backdrop of radical social and economic restructuring, the rural environment has changed fundamentally, arising new social and economic dynamics and cultural realities. The second homes development has significantly contributed to this process and created major challenges for the need to protect the rural character. Therefore, with the purpose of integrated and sustainable spatial planning, a detailed acquaintance of second homes’ spatial differentiation as part of contemporary rural landscapes, is a core prerequisite. This study aims to determine the second homes spatial patterns in relation to the main characteristics of the local environment, and to create a practical cornerstone for stakeholders concerned with integrated planning of second home tourism. In order to achieve these goals, this research used five major datasets related to land cover, elevation, climate, management system for protected areas and other social aspects (e.g. tourism, native settlements). Twenty-three variables were defined using GIS and subsequently assigned to grid cells with a size of 1.5 km2. To reduce the dimensionality of spatial datasets, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed, resulting seven components that explained 77.2% of the variation. The PCA score was the subject of k-means cluster analysis that revealed nineteen landscape types. Finally, the spatial location of second homes is overlaid with the identified rural landscapes. This approach shows plenty of hidden nuances of second home tourism and facilitates its integration in both spatial, socio-cultural, and administrative dimensions.

The article outlines the details on several noteworthy records of corticoid fungi discovered in the course of mycological observations in Prypiat-Stokhid National Nature Park (Liubeshiv District, Volyn Region) in October, 2019. In Ukraine, Byssocorticium atrovirens is apparently known only from a single record of A. Pilat, 1933, from the present-day territory of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. Piloderma bicolor has been earlier recorded only once from Skole Beskids National Nature Park, while Tomentella lilacinogrisea has been previously found in a single locality in Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. The data on detailed morphological descriptions, ecological peculiarities, substrate specialization, general distribution, photographs of basidiomata and original drawings of microstructures are provided.

The article presents the results of field research conducted in 2020 on the territory of the Ile-Alatau State National Natural Park. As a result of the conducted research, 32 species belonging to 2 families of hemiptera of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha I were identified. Among them, the predominant species composition of the family Lygaeidae is 21 species (66%), and 11 species are known from the family Aradidae (34%). On trophic specialization, they are divided into mycetophagy (11 species), phytophages (21 species, of which politicology – 16 types, wide oligotherapy – 3, narrow oligotherapy – 2). According to the type of food, both taking into account the number and number of species in the complex of hemiptera, phytophages clearly predominate. According to the number of generations per year, the hemiptera of the Ile-Alatau SNNP are divided into 4 groups: acyclic (different stages of development can be found simultaneously throughout the year) – 11 species, monovoltine (one generation per year) - 15 species, bivoltine (two generations per year) – 5 species, polyvoltine (several generations per year) - 1 species. There are 30 species with mesophilic ecology in the study area, only 1 species is hygromesophilus. Among the hemiptera of the Ile-Alatau GNPP, 19 species (61%) overwinter in the imago stage, 11 species (35%) in the imago and larvae stage, and 1 species (4%) in the egg stage.

As a result of mycological research 34 species of coprophilous ascomycetes from 14 genera, 10 families, and 5 orders were recorded on the territory of the Oleshkivski Pisky National Nature Park. Among them 15 species belonged to the class Sordariomycetes, 12 – to Dothideomycetes, and 7 – to Pezizomycetes. Among the orders of the fungi, Sordariales – 12 species, Pleosporales – 11, and Pezizales – 7, occupy the leading position; the rest of the orders revealed the fewer number of species. Among the families, Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae, and Sordariacea, were the most abundant regarding the number of species and specimens. The species from the five leading families represent 64,7% of the total number of identified species. Among the found genera of the coprophilous ascomycetes, Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella, and Triangularia prevailed by number of species, demonstrating much larger diversity, than others. Environmental conditions inside the park are more favorable for the development of loculoascomycetes and pyrenomycetes. The discomycetes species diversity was much less. The list of recorded fungi and their substrates is presented. All species of ascomycetes were collected on the hare and cattle excrements. Other dung types have not been studied. 31 species are new to the territory of the park, 15 species are new records for the steppe zone of Ukraine. Coniochaeta hansenii and Sporormiella tetramera are first recorded in Ukraine. Descriptions, illustrations, synonyms and general distribution are provided for them. C. hansenii is a fairly common and widespread species in the world, occurring mainly on the leporid droppings. In the park, this species was also collected on hare dung. S. tetramera also belongs to the widespread but rare species of coprophilous ascomycetes, known from isolated records in a few countries. It was collected on the hare excrements in the park. Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla and Triangularia comata were collected for the first time in the steppe zone of Ukraine and for the second time in the country. У результаті дослідження копрофільних аскоміцетів Національного природного парку «Олешківські піски» було виявлено 34 види грибів із 14 родів, 10 родини та 5 порядків. Це представники трьох класів: Sordariomycetes – 15 видів, Dothideomycetes – 12, Pezizomycetes – 7. Серед порядків найчисельнішими є Sordariales – 12 видів, Pleosporales – 11 та Pezizales – 7. У родинному спектрі грибів переважають представники Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae та Sordariacea, які об’єднують 64,7% загальної кількості виявлених видів аскоміцетів. Серед родів переважають Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella та Triangularia. Екологічні умови території парку є більш сприятливими для розвитку локулоаскоміцетів і піреноміцетів. Кількість знахідок видів дискоміцетів є незначною. Представлено список зареєстрованих видів грибів, для кожного виду вказано локалітети та живильні субстрати. Всі види грибів зібрані на посліді зайця та корови. Інші типи копром не досліджувались. З виявлених видів аскоміцетів 31 наводиться вперше для території парку, 15 є новими для степової зони України. Два види аскоміцетів є новими для мікобіоти України та Східної Європи: Coniochaeta hansenii та Sporormiella tetramera. У статті представлено їх діагнози та фото, обговорюються деталі морфології, субстратної приуроченості та поширення у світі. C. hansenii є досить звичайним та поширеним у світі видом, що переважно трапляється на екскрементах зайцеподібних.На території парку також була зібрана на копромах зайця. S. tetramera належить до поширених у світі, але рідкісних видів копрофільних аскоміцетів, відомих з поодиноких знахідок у небагатьох країнах. У парку зібрана на посліді зайця. Знахідки Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla та Triangularia comata є новими для території степової зони України та вдруге наводяться для нашої держави.

Objective: This study was aimed at conducting a pilot survey of the ethno-medicinal plants in Finima Nature Park (FNP), Bonny, Nigeria, to elicit common medicinal plants and their uses. Method: A set of structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from three key informants (Traditional Medicine Practitioners-TMPs) and 62 household heads on the local medicinal utilization of plants in FNP. Plant utilization and preferences, perceived conservation status and use values were documented. Results: Eighty-three (83) plant species belonging to 45 Botanical families were frequently collected from FNP for local medicinal purposes. Rubiaceae was the most abundant (8%) plant family while the plant forms showed trees (46%), herbs (23%), shrubs (21%) and ferns (3%). Plant parts used for local medicine included leaves (44%), stem/barks (21%), roots (16%), whole plant (5%), fruits (5%), seeds (6%), tubers (2%) and flowers (1%). Infectious diseases were the most treated (30%), urogenital and endocrine diseases - such as thyroid (15%) and abdominal diseases (11%). Oral (62%) and dermal (30%) constitutes the main modes of administration. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. had the highest use value (3.5 - 4) while Ocimum gratissimum Linn., Vernonia amygdalina Delile and Alchornea cordifolia Schumach. & Thonn had the least (1). Perceived conservation status of medicinal plants by respondents revealed scarce (9%), threatened (31%) and abundance (60%). Conclusion: Finima Nature Park (FNP) is a repository of medicinal genetic resource and as such, its conservation should be upheld.

The territory of Podilski Tovtry National Natural Park covers an area of 261 315 ha, 72 % of which are cultivated lands that facilitated the expansion of 335 adventive species. Research on invasive plant and animal species was carried out during field surveys in 1996–2019. More than 220 geobotanical descriptions were compiled applying the Brown-Blanque method. In this territory, 26 species display distinct aggression and are referred to as invasive, which belong to 15 families of the class Magnoliopsida and division Magnoliophyta. By origin, Northern American species prevail (15 species) followed by Asian (6) and European (5) species. By life form, annual herbal plants (therophytes) and trees predominate. Тherophytes mainly represent the family Asteraceae. The studies of the phytocenosis showed that the invasive species are part of 19 vegetation classes. The invasive species settled in 14 natural communities and they grow in 10 rare (singular) aggregations. To reduce the impact of invasive species on rare habitats and communities it is necessary to take measures to restore the natural vegetation cover. In the territory of Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park, 7 species of vertebrate animals are considered invasive, the naturalisation of which threatens and has negative influence on the local fauna. Another 6 species of birds and mammals, due to natural range expansion and anthropogenic changes of abiotic environmental factors, settled in urban landscapes and were introduced by means of synanthropisation; they can be considered as close invaders. Motacilla citreola occurs in wet meadows and has an unstable abundance, thus it belongs to propulsive species. Another 11 bird species appear in the surveyed territory during the autumn and winter periods or in separate years. Their invasiveness is possible due to abundance fluctuations during migration and changes in their migration routes because of the influence of trophic factors.

The article presents data on the appearance, spatial distribution, and ecological features of the golden jackal in the Tuzlivski Lymany National Nature Park. The estimated abundance of the jackal population is given along with its influence on local fauna of the national nature park. During the 20 years since the first jackals were recorded in the Ukrainian Black Sea coast, the jackal has become well-adapted to natural ecosystems of the Tuzlivski Lymany National Nature Park. Suitable protection and foraging conditions are provided in the park for this predator by steppe areas, sandbars of the Black Sea coast, and the artificial Lebedivskiy forest. For nursing the puppies, in addition to open natural habitats, especially reeds of wetlands, shrubs in the artificial forest, the jackal also uses burrows dug by itself. Currently, there are at least five jackal groups in the territory of the park. The number of broods and size of jackal groups fluctuates depending on seasonal climatic conditions and water level in the estuaries, which determine the availability of food and the character of hunting. The number of jackals in the park and surrounding areas was higher in 2020 than in the period when the water level in the estuaries was higher, and the number of jackals reached about 150 specimens. The population density of jackals in the park and surrounding areas is about 10 specimens per 1000 hectares. During the five years of observations in 2015 to 2020, the number of jackals increased slightly in the Tuzlivski Lymany National Nature Park due to the expansion of dry meadows to areas of former shoals. The area of sandbars has also increased providing access to the island systems where birds used to nest making these lands attractive for jackals as foraging sites. There is no sharp tendency to increase in the number of common jackals in the park. However, due to the likelihood of infection and spread of rabies by this predator species, some recreational areas should use rabies vaccine for oral immunisation of carnivores against rabies, which was done in September 2020 in the Lebedivskiy Forest tract of the park.

19. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren insan sayısının artışına paralel olarak boş zaman artışı da yaşanmıştır. İnsanların boş zamanlarındaki artış, onları rekreatif faaliyetlere yönlendirmiştir. Giderek artan kentleşmeye bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve toplumsal değişmeler insanların doğa ile olan ilişkilerini de değiştirmiştir. İnsanlar boş zamanlarında çalışma hayatının ve kentin stresli, sıkıcı ve gürültülü dünyasından doğal ve yarı doğal alanlara kaçmaya başlamışlardır. Bu noktada çoğu zaman kentlere oldukça yakın olan ve kolay ulaşılabilir durumdaki tabiat parkları açık alan rekreasyon faaliyetleri açısından en çok tercih edilen alanların başında gelmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de aynı zamanda bir koruma alanı statüsü olan tabiat parklarının günlük yaşamda rekreasyonel anlamda kullanım şekillerini Değirmenboğazı Tabiat Parkı özelinde incelemek ve bu kullanım şekillerinin tabiat parklarında ne gibi değişim ya da dönüşümlere neden olduğunu tespit etmektir. Çalışmada bu amaçla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden saha araştırması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Alanda 2021 ve 2022 yılları içerisinde farklı dönemlerde, haftanın farklı günlerinde arazi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Tabiat parkının kullanım şekillerini ve etkilerini yerinde tespit edebilmek amacıyla alanı kullanan yerel halkın arasında katılımcı gözlem metodu ile bulunulmuş, rekreasyonel faaliyetlere dahil olunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları Değirmenboğazı Tabiat Parkı’nın Balıkesir ve çevresinde oldukça yoğun bir kullanıma sahne olduğunu, açık hava rekreasyonel faaliyetleri kapsamında alanın ilk sırada geldiğini göstermektedir. Tabiat parkı tüm yıl kullanılmakla beraber, en yoğun kullanıma ilkbahar-sonbahar döneminde ve özellikle de hafta sonları (cumartesi ve pazar günleri) sahne olmaktadır. Nüfusu 350 bine yaklaşan Balıkesir iline oldukça yakın olan tabiat parkının üzerindeki kullanım baskısı oldukça fazladır. Bu baskı alanda kirliliği, çevresel bozulmaları ve geri döndürülemez çevresel kayıpları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Daha fazla ziyaretçiyi ağırlaması planlanan alanda yapılan düzenlemeler alanın doğal yapısına zarar vermekte, tabiat parkının yakınına inşa edilen ikinci konutlar ise alan üzerinde zaten var olan yoğun baskıyı iyice artırmaktadır. Bu noktada birer rekreasyon peyzajları olan tabiat parklarının nasıl yönetilmesi gerektiği konusu önem kazanmaktadır., Since the beginning of the 19th century, there has been an increase in leisure time in parallel with the increase in the number of people. The increase in people's spare time has directed them to recreational activities. The economic, social, cultural and societal changes that have arisen due to the increasing urbanization have also changed the relations of people with nature. People have started to escape from the stressful, boring and noisy world of working life and the city to natural and semi-natural areas in their spare time. At this point, nature parks, which are often very close to the cities and easily accessible, have been one of the most preferred areas in terms of outdoor recreation activities. The aim of this study is to examine the recreational use of nature parks, which is also a protected area in Türkiye, in daily life, in particular Değirmenboğazı Nature Park, and to determine what changes or transformations these usage patterns cause in nature parks. For this purpose, the field research method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Field studies were carried out in the area at different times of the week, on different days of the week, in 2021 and 2022. In order to determine the usage patterns and effects of the nature park on site, the local people using the area were found by participant observation method, and they were included in recreational activities. The results of the research show that Degirmenbogazi Nature Park is the scene of intense use in and around Balıkesir, and the area comes first in terms of outdoor recreational activities. Although the nature park is used all year, the most intense use is witnessed in the spring-autumn period and especially on weekends (saturdays and sundays). The usage pressure on the nature park, which is very close to the province of Balıkesir, whose population is approaching 350 thousand, is quite high. This pressure brings pollution, environmental degradation and irreversible environmental losses in the field. Arrangements made in the area, which is planned to host more visitors, damage the natural structure of the area, and the second residences built near the nature park increase the already intense pressure on the area. At this point, the issue of how nature parks, which are recreational landscapes, should be managed gains importance.

The article provides information on bioecological features, flora and fauna of the Zaamin National Natural Park. In particular, in the context of globalization, proposals were made for the conservation and rational use of biological resources of the Zaamin National Natural Park.

Diversity of trout (genus Salmo) in Croatia is still not well described on several levels, resulting in numerous taxonomic controversies and accumulation of conservation problems, especially in protected areas. The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity and spatial distribution of trout in Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park in Croatia using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and to estimate the stability of their populations for conservation. Effective population sizes and migration rates, and intraspecific and intrapopulational genetic diversities were also estimated. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed three evolutionary independent and genetically distinct lineages, comprising 26 haplotypes. Majority of samples and haplotypes belong to S. labrax, the native species for this region. Even though S. labrax is widespread in the watercourses of the park and is present with moderately high genetic diversity, haplotypes of non-native S. trutta and S. marmoratus were also observed. In addition to the presence of non-native trout species, survival of native trout in this area is also endangered by habitat fragmentation and other anthropogenic pressures, causing conservational concern.

Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak is located in Mertak Village, Pujut, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak has various potential tourist objects. This study aims to explain the influence of tourism products and electronic word of mouth on the decision to visit with destination images as a mediating variable in Gunung Tunak Nature Park. This research is a causal and associative research through a quantitative approach. The population in this study are visitors who visit the Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak. The sample used in this study were 109 respondents with accidental sampling method. Based on the results of the analysis of the influence of tourism products and e-WOM on visiting decisions, it is concluded that the variables of tourism products and e-WOM have a significant positive effect on the variable of tourist decisions to visit in Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak. Then the tourism product variables and e-WOM have a positive effect on the image of the destination, and the variable of destination image has a positive effect on the decision to visit. In addition, the variable of destination ctra also partially mediates the effect of wsata and e-WOM products on the decision to visit tourists. Keywords: Tourism Product, Electronic Word of Mouth, Destination Image, and Visit Decision

Several methods of studying the impact of recreational load on the landscape complexes are analyzed. It is shown that the main indicator of the recreational load is the condition of soil and vegetation. The condition and reaction to external influences serve as diagnostic signs of stages of recreational digression. There are five stages of recreational digression, in which various researchers (Kazanskaya et al., 1977; Rysin, 1983; Marfenina et al., 1987; Gensiruk et al., 1987; Prędki, 1999, Shlapak, 2003; Methodical recommendations…, 2003; Rysin L. & Rysin S., 2008) suggest using the following indicators of the state of natural complexes: 1) quantitative and qualitative changes in vegetation in meadows or the presence / absence of forest litter in forest complexes, 2) soil compaction, 3) the width of the trail, the presence of additional or parallel trails, 4) the growth of erosion processes and the microrelief of the trail. For the IV and V stages of recreational digression, it is proposed (Brusak, 2018) to use the indicator "degree of recreational digression" to reflect qualitative changes in the microrelief of trails, which includes trail width, erosion, amount of loose material in general and from 1 m² of the trail. Full-scale studies of tourist routes conducted in Carpathian NNP and Skolivski Beskydy NNP attest to the possibility of using different qualitative and quantitative characteristics of these indicators with a purpose to distinguish different stages of recreational digression. In general, the following time series of changes in the state of components of natural complexes are distinguished: vegetation (meadow) or forest litter (forest) → soils → relief → geological substrate. In the initial stages of recreational degression the forest litter is damaged, crushed and trampled into the upper humus-accumulative horizon. The stocks of forest litter on the trails are more than 1 kg•m⁻², and their water holding capacity is much higher than that of forest litter in the control area. With increasing recreational load, heavily shredded forest litter is washed away by rain and melt water, forming on both sides of the so-called "rollers". As follows forest litter reserves are less than 1 kg•m⁻², or complete absence. A significant reduction in forest litter reserves on trails leads to overcompaction of the upper soil horizons. Their density increases almost twice compared to the control. Erosion processes occur on a highly compacted surface, which causes the removal of a significant amount of loose material from 1 m² of the trail. So, indicators of the state of natural complexes in conditions of recreational activity are quantitative and qualitative changes in vegetation within meadow ecosystems or the presence / absence of forest litter in forest ecosystems, soil compaction, trail width, the presence of additional / parallel trails, depth of erosion cut and the amount of loose material from 1 m² of the trail. Key words: recreational load, stage of recreational digression, tourist routes, forest litter, soil structure density, depth of erosion cut.

The paper contains a synopsis of rare component of flora of Halych National Nature Park forest ecosystems, as well as evaluation of distribution trends of rare vascular plant species and the state of their populations. Being established in 2004, the Park is located in Halych district of Ivano-Frankivsk region on the area of 14684.8 ha. Forests occupy the biggest part of its territory (81.1 %), among which predominate poor and mixed oak (Querceta roboris), beech (Fageta sylvaticae) and hornbeam (Carpineta betuli) woods. Inventory check of plant cover of the forest ecosystems has been done between 2008-2019 years. According to the results of our study, within the forests and forest margins grow 303 vascular plant species, out of which 63 are rare (20.8 %). The list of rare species is composed of species included to the Red Data Book of Ukraine, of species protected by international conventions and directives and complemented by species that are threatened within the study region. Species were considered as threatened if the number of localities and / or population size were small. Regionally rare species were selected based on the analyzes of results of our field survey and materials of herbarium collections. We have found that the third part of rare species (33.3 %) has high coenotic amplitude and a bit less species (26.2 %) favor forest margins. Rare species having low coenotic amplitude are confined to beech woods (19.1 %). Rare species are considerably distinguished by occurrence. Species with scarce occurrence predominate. For instance, 61 % of the species were found in 1-5 localities, of which 25 species occur only in one or two sites. Share of species growing in 6-10 localities within the Park is equal to 26.6 %. Only a small percentage (6.2 %) of rare species comprises species with relatively frequent occurrence (11–20 localities as well as more than 20 cites). Rare species of the Park forests with the highest occurrence rate are Lilium martagon and some members of Orchidaceae family. Predominantly, rare species have populations of small size, for instance, 81.2 % of the species were found in quantities of a few plants – several hundreds of individuals. The most threatened are species general number of which at the Park area is several plants (15.6 %). These species are as follows: Circaea alpina, Atropa bella-donna, Campanula latifolia, Phyteuma spicatum, Epipactis atrorubens etc. The biggest groups comprise species with general number of few tens and several hundreds of individuals (totally 65.6 %). Species with big populations represent far smaller part of forest rare species. Nine rare species grow in the number of several thousands of plants within the Park and three species (Allium ursinum, Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum) – over a million. It has been established that 52.4 % of rare species populations taken together remain in critically bad state, 28.6 % of the populations – in bad state, 14.3 % – in satisfactory state. Only 4.8 % of populations are in good state. Our results show that about 95 % of species are in need of protection and continuous monitoring of population number. Furthermore, 51 species of rare plants,having low number and bad state of populations, require to work out and implement management plans for their restoration. Key words: rare species, vascular plants, population state, species occurrence, population number

A B S T R A C T Background Mosquito was one of the animals that can transmit deadly diseases. Information about water reservoirs as their habitat as well as human knowledge, attitudes and behavior factors are considered important to help eradicate mosquito. This study aims to determine the effect of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of cleaners on the number of mosquito larvae in water reservoirs in Palembang. Methods This research was mixed method research (quantitative and qualitative) in the field and laboratory. The research samples were all mosquito larvae and containers found. The research respondents were all cleaning services. Data were collected by interviewing and filling in questionnaires, observing water reservoirs and identifying the types of mosquito larvae in microscope. Results A total of 40 containers were found in Punti Kayu Nature Park. There were 8 containers that were indoors (20%) and 32 containers were outdoors (80%) with 17 containers contained larvae. Of all the containers that were positive for larvae, 6 were filled with clear water and 11 were filled with turbid water. The number of larvae found were 358 larvae outdoors and 82 larvae indoor with a total of 440 mosquito larvae with the genus Culex spp. and Aedes albopictus species. The index of mosquito larvae were obtained FLI (Free Larva index)=66,67%, HI (House Index)=33,33%, CI (Container Index)=16,67%, BI (Breteau Index)=33.33% from the 3 buildings examined. From these results, it was obtained DF (density figure) or density level of 5. There were 40 containers that could be habitats for Culex spp. and Aedes albopictus. Conclusion The knowledge, attitude and behavior of the cleaning services were good. The number of mosquito larvae could be influenced by the frequency of cleaning and the lack of knowledge of the cleaning services.

The article performs the results of the study of morphological parameters of individuals of the population of Crocus heuffelianus Herb on the territory of the nature reserve fund in the conditions of the Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park. The aim of our research was to study the morphometric parameters of Crocus heuffelianus to establish the adaptive capacity of the species in the study area. The morphometry of 50 generative individuals of Crocus heuffelianus growing in the 10th quarter of the Chemerivtsi environmental scientific-research department was performed.The general characteristic of the dynamics of vegetative cover on the investigated territory is representes basing on the conducted geobotanical descriptions of phytocenoses with the participation of Crocus heuffelianus Herb. Crocus heufellianus grows within 10 quarters in the forest crops Quercus robur L. (twenty-five years old), plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. (forty years old) and in the area with the group of QUERCO-FAGETEA BR.-BL. ET VLIEGER 1937, Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawі. 1928, Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Mayer 1937 where eighty-year-old Carpinus betulus L., Quercus robur L. predominate. The analysis of measurements was carried out in the studied population of the species: plant height together with inflorescence; length and width of leaves. According to the results of our study, it has been found out that the height of plants in the population ranged from 7.6 cm to 14 cm. On average, this figure was 10.3 ± 2.0 cm. The size of the leaves of the predominant number of individuals in the population was characterized by the following anatomical and morphological parameters: width – 0.2-0.7 cm, length – 4.9-10.7 cm. It is shown that the vast majority of individuals of the species have one flower. Crocus heuffelianus has some variability of morphological features in the studied population. This indicates a significant potential for the species to grow in different environmental conditions, which can not be realized under conditions of increased anthropogenic pressure. The unique plain localities of this Montana-Alpine species on the territory of the Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park have a high sozological and scientific significance and require systematic, long-term monitoring.

Currently, many protected natural areas (PNA) implement geographic information systems (GIS) and technologies for structuring and managing collected spatial data to support of monitoring and scientific research. GIS of protected areas may be developed based on various software products and characterized by different level of functionality. Also, online web map services on this topic are being developed, which provide access to data not for employees only, but also for users. This paper focuses on the development of a web-GIS of the Kondinsky Lakes natural park located in the Tyumen region of Russian Federation and ensuring the preservation of unique river systems, landscapes, cultural and historical natural monuments. The web service includes cartographic layers and attribute data to characterize the main activities of the natural park. GIS layers are divided into thematic groups and contain information about flora and fauna, forest fires, logged areas, resting places and objects of the oil and gas mining in the park. The project is implemented using Leaflet, a popular open source web application development library. The code was written using the markup language HTML 5, CSS 3 and JavaScript. Data management is implemented using PostgreSQL DBMS. The publication is created based on the open GIS server Geoserver. The data structure and functionality of the developed web service is also presented. The developed web service can be used by both employees of the natural park (to develop the content of the databases) and its visitors, as well as organizations working in the field of environmental education and tourism.

Introduction. Holosiivskyi National Nature Park is a unique, by its location, protected area. Parts of the park are located within the administrative boundaries of the city of Kyiv and include extensive, by area, forest plots. The park consists of three parts: Central (Holosiivskyi forest and other tracts), Southern (Lisnyky), and, since 2014, Northern (Svyatoshyn-Bilychi). The latter has the largest area – 6462.62 ha. Data on the chiropterofauna of this massif were incomplete. Bats are an essential element of terrestrial ecosystems. All bat species in Ukraine have a protection status, according to the Red Book of Ukraine and three international treaties. For effective conservation measures for species of this group, it is necessary to own data on their distribution, number, status, etc. As well, the study and monitoring of fauna are one of the primary tasks of national nature parks. Серія «Біологічні науки», 202125Purpose. The aim of the work was to describe the bat fauna of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, based on results of the field research conducted in 2019–2020, with the involvement of data collected in 2000–2005.Methods. Catching was carried out with mist nets. Bats were examined by the standard scheme, immediately after their capture. The study was done without removing animals from the wild; bats were released immediately after their examination at the place of their capture. Ultrasonic detectors were used for acoustic observations. The search of roosts was done by social vocalization of bats, presence of feces, night and morning swarming; as well structures which might be potential shelters for bats were inspected.Results. During 2000–2020, at the territory of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif, nine bat species were recorded: Eptesicus serotinus, Myotis dasycneme, M. daubentonii, Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula,Plecotus auritus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, P. nathusii, P. pygmaeus. Thus, today the list of bat fauna of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif includes 10 species: 9, recorded; 1 species, Nyctalus lasiopterus, known by the record of the first half of the 20th century, was not revealed. According to the results of the survey in 2019–2020, four species were found to be dominants, in terms of the number of record points and their representation in catches: P. nathusii, P. pygmaeus, N. noctula, N. leisleri. During the survey, six species were confirmed to breed at the study area. 11 bat roosts were found; most of them, in trees.Originality. A comprehensive inventory of the chiropterofauna of the large protected area of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychimassif of the Holosiivskyi National Park was carried out for the first time. The first and the only one known Myotis dasycneme maternity colony in Kyiv region was found.Conclusion. The initial description of the chiropterofauna of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park is presented. The obtained data can be used in the development and further implementation of practical measures for the conservation of bats within the territory of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park and represent the basis for bat monitoring in the future. Key words: bats, fauna, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, Kyiv City, Central Ukraine.

The importance of conserving biodiversity, reflected in a number of international instruments other than the Convention on Biological Diversity. In this context, rare visions deserve special attention, which are the most understandable, because rarity precedes extinction. Especially relevant are the studies of rare views in the Ukrainian Carpathians, which is the smallest anthropogenically altered territory of Ukraine. Conservation of biotic diversity in this region is of European importance, which is reflected in the international "Framework Convention for the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians". Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the rare phytogenus fund allow to characterize the level of uniqueness of flora, serve as a basis for the formation of regional Red Lists and allow to organize adequate environmental measures. Sozological characteristics of flora of different levels imply, for all, the analysis of representation is transformed into its composition of taxa listed in the "red" lists of different levels – international, national, regional. A rare component of the flora of the Verkhovynsky National Nature Park includes 125 species of vascular plants with international, national and regional sociological status.Of these, 64 species of plants listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 3 species listed in the IUCN Red List, 7 species listed in the European Red List, 2 species – in Annex I of the Bern Convention, 2 species – in Annexes IIb and IVb of the EU Directive on the conservation of population and species of natural fauna and flora. 21 species – listed in CITES Appendix II, 26 species in the Regional Red List. Thus, a third (32.3%) of the "Red Book" species of vascular plants of the Ivano-Frankivsk region are protected on the territory of the Park, in addition, it is 29.9% of the "Red Book" species of plants of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The leading families of the rare component of the flora of Verkhovynsky National Park are Orchidaceae. The second and third positions are occupied by the breeds Ranunculaceae and Asteraceae.In general, the first three families account for 39.6% of the species composition of the list. In total, the first nine taxa cover more than two thirds (64.9%) of the species composition of the list. According to the results of good analysis, it is established that the number of rare species and their localities located on the mountain massifs: Gnetesa-Fatiya Banului, Preluky-Hitanka, Lostun-Glistuvata, Palenytsia-Komanova, and attached to the largest rare species to the mid-mountain phenomenon.

The article examines the definition of "ecological tourism" and identifies the place of the Chernihiv region by the number of monuments of landscape art. The uniqueness of the Mezyn National Nature Park in terms of the diversity of flora and fauna has been proved. A list of conduct rules in the park has been developed to reduce the anthropogenic burden on nature. The characteristics of the eco-trail on the territory of "Rykhlivska dacha" are highlighted. The current state of Internet marketing of nature parks was analyzed and the need to create additional tools for promoting Mezyn National Nature Park is revealed. The availability of social networks like Instagram and TikTok was proved and meaningful content was offered.

Regional parks in Lithuania preserve the most valuable physical and cultural components of the landscape, NATURA 2000 habitats, etc. They are usually located in natural or semi-natural landscapes of rural areas. These territories, however, have a higher depopulation rate than urbanised districts. Still, conservation priority areas were expected to attract young families as permanent residents and make their population more stable. This study aims to investigate changes in the rural population in three regional parks of the Klaipėda county to determine the number of abandoned villages (with no residents) and vanishing ones (with a population < 5), as compared to territories with no conservation regime. The article examines migration as one of the determinants of depopulation. The analysis of national and local statistics, institutional documents, and structured interviews revealed that the conservation regime applied in regional parks did not necessarily encourage local people to stay or newcomers to arrive. Proximity to the sea and towns with developed social infrastructure remains a priority when looking for a residence in the countryside.

This paper presents an asymmetry of meanings and values that different human agents who occupy the same geographical space ascribe to distinct wildlife species. This asymmetry is the result of these agents’ roles in the area and their contrasting epistemologies. The agents in question comprise the Goričko Nature Park as a conservation institution and inhabitants of the park, especially farmers. In most parks, the relationship between professionals and inhabitants is crucial to the park’s sustainability. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to point at a selected neuralgic point which divides the two. At stake is that both agents ascribe importance to wildlife species, but to different ones and for different reasons. While the park focuses on protected species, inhabitants are occupied with non-protected ones. Whereas the park projects positive values on species of its concern, inhabitants ascribe negative characteristics to species of their concern. The paper illustrates these disparate attitudes to wildlife and calls for a less biased park agenda which could benefit the park’s conservation project, yet it also acknowledges the lack of resources which hinders the park in properly fulfilling its role in the local web of relationships.

The National Nature Park «Nyzhnyodniprovsky» is located in the south of Ukraine in the Kherson region. According to a preliminary analysis, the flora of the NNP «Nyzhnyodniprovsky» has 516 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 313 genera and 100 families During the expeditionary research on the territory of Nizhnedneprovsky National Park in 2019-2020, an inventory of flora was conducted and species that were not previously listed for the territory of the national nature park were identified – 58 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 42 genera and 22 families. Of the 58 species, 19 are listed firstly for territory of NNP, others are noted in the literature, 32 of them are noted for the lower reaches of the Dnieper and seven – for the modern territory of NNP. From the total number of locations found 15 species were recorded in the steppe areas.

Carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park have been investigated in five types of forest in 2006 with using pitfall Barber traps method. 49 species from 25 genuses were registered. The highest carabid catchability were observed in wet alder and fresh hornbeam-oak forests and the lowest in dry pine and fresh oak-pine forests. Generally 4 carabid species prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger. In the dry pine forest prevailed: Syntomus truncatellus, Broscus cephalotes, Harpalus flavescens, Pterostichus strenuus, Calathus erratus, Oodes helopioides. In the fresh oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Agonum duftschmidi, Carabus violaceus, C. hortensis, Oodes helopioides, Pterostichus minor, P. niger. In the fresh hornbeam-oak forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. Nigrita. In the wet oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, Epaphius secalis, Pterostichus rhaeticus, Carabus arcensis, Pterostichus minor. In the wet alder forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. melanarius.

Results are presented from an analysis of multitemporal data obtained via satellite monitoring of the state of vegetation on the territory of Ivano–Arakhley Nature Park (Zabaikal’sky krai) after a 2015 natural fire. Radar and optical data are acquired from the Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 spacecraft, respectively. Spectral indices NDVI, NBR, MIRBI, and NDRE are used in combination with radar vegetation index RVI to determine the dynamics of the restoration of the vegetation cover affected by the fire. The positive dynamics in the state of the vegetation in postfire period 2016–2019 is shown by an increase in the values ​​of the NDVI, NBR, NDRE, and RVI indices. The effect the atmosphere on the values of the vegetation index ​​is shown.

The importance of protected areas rich in forest ecosystems rapidly grows. Forests in parks become recreation centres for cities near protected areas having strong health function. Thus, also Medvednica Nature Park near Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, is frequently used as lungs of the city. The research presented in this article aims to valorise the health function of the Forest Ecosystem Service (FES) in the Nature Park and develop the Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) methodology to be used for the assessment of the introduction of the entrance fee payment for the Park. The article provides a methodological framework for validation of health function of the forest ecosystem of the Medvednica Nature Park. It also brings a socio-economic assessment of the health function of the forests in the Park. The measurement results and assessments emphasize the need to raise public awareness of health benefits of FES and FES in general.

There are approximately 20 tourist objects in the Karo Regency area that are close to each other, such as Gundaling Hill, Lumbini Nature Park, Fun Land Mickey Holiday and other places. Priority for visiting tourist areas really needs to be determined for time and cost efficiency and so that visitors can reach other tourist attractions around Tanah Karo. The problem in this research is designing a Decision Support System to determine the priority of regional tourist destinations in Karo Regency using the TOPSIS method. Determination of the weight of each criterion obtained from processing the interview data. The weight of the criteria to determine the preferred criteria. The greater the weight, the more priority. Weights for each criteria for determining priority destination of tourist attractions, Distance from Berastagi (weight 30%), Facilities and Facilities (weight 15%), Access (15%), Type of Tourism (weight 20%), Entrance Fee (Weight 15%), Culinary (weight 5%), and internet network (5%).

This work is the first attempt to make up an inventory of the fauna of rove beetles in the Hutsulshchyna National Natural Park (Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast), which was created in 2002 and has an area of 32,271 hectares. The modern territory of the park has never been the object of special scientific research on the fauna of rove beetles of the Aleocharinae subfamily. As a result, information about the finds of representatives of the Aleocharinae subfamily has been obtained from the study of the largest collection of rove beetles in Ukraine, which contains both modern collections and collections of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The collection was formed by Marian-Aloiz Lomnitski and was further developed and replenished with collections from different parts of Ukraine and the world by several generations of Ukrainian and European entomologists. For the moment, the collection is kept in the funds of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and contains more than 1,500 specimens, which belong to more than 300 species and are of great historical and scientific value. As a result of the conducted studies, 30 species belonging to 18 genera are reported for the first time for the fauna of the Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park, of which 4 species (Atheta corvina (Thomson, 1856), Schistoglossa viduata (Erichson, 1837), Leptusa puellaris puellaris (C. Hampe, 1863), Silusa rubra (Erichson, 1839)) are reported for the first time for the territory of Ukraine. The species and specimens (with references, data of their distribution in Europe, as well as substrate and biotope preferences of adults) are listed. The obtained data will later on provide an opportunity to expand the understanding of the distribution of species – specifically for faunal research, as well as for biogeographic modelling.

The aims this researc to analyze the biotic index of dragonflies (Odonata) in the Suranadi Nature Park. This research is a descriptive exploratory research. The method used in data collection is the survey method on predetermined transect lines, namely the forest left, right, middle forest and river paths. Data retrieval is done 2 times in 1 month in the morning at 08.00-11.00 WIB and evening at 15.00 - 17.00 WIB. The results showed that the biotic index of dragonflies in Suranadi Nature Park showed that there were 3 species that had the greatest biotic index, namely Gynacantha subinterupta, Zyxomma obtusum and Libelago linearis. There are 13 species that have a biotic index of 0-2. The conclusion is that the dragonfly biotic index in Suranadi Nature Park is more in the 0-2 category, which means that dragonflies still have a wide distribution so they are very commonly found throughout the Suranadi Nature Park.

In 2017–2019, a survey of the mammal faune of the Sviatoshynsko-Bilychansky forest, which is located nearby to the northwestern outskirts of Kyiv, was carried out. The following species of mammals were recorded: Neomys fodiens, Neomys anomalus, Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus, Talpa europaea, Erinaceus concolor, Alces alces, Capreolus capreolus, Sus scrofa, Lepus europaeus, Sciurus vulgaris, Castor fiber, Ondatra zibeticus, Muscardinus avellanarius, Apodemus agrarius, Sylvaemus flavicollis, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, Micromys minutus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Vulpes vulpes, Lutra lutra, Meles meles, Mustela vison, Martes martes, and Martes foina.