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1. Electrochemical response of surface-attached redox DNA governed by low activation energy electron transfer kinetics

Author: Zhiyong Zheng, Soo Hyeon Kim, Arnaud Chovin, Nicolas Clement, and Christophe Demaille
Subjects: General Chemistry
Abstract: We demonstrate, using high scan rate cyclic voltammetry and molecular dynamics simulations, that the electrochemical response of electrode-attached redox DNA is governed by low reorganization energy electron transfer kinetics.
Published: 2023

2. Ballistic Brownian motion of nanoconfined DNA

Author: Ignacio Madrid, Zhiyong Zheng, Cedric Gerbelot, Akira Fujiwara, Shuo Li, Simon Grall, Katsuhiko Nishiguchi, Soo-Heon Kim, Arnaud Chovin, Christophe Demaille, and Nicolas Clement
Abstract: Theoretical treatments of polymer dynamics in liquid generally start with the basic assumption that motion at the smallest scale is heavily overdamped; therefore, inertia can be neglected. We report on the Brownian motion of tethered DNA under nanoconfinement, which was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation and nanoelectrochemistry-based single-electron shuttle experiments. Our results show a transition into the ballistic Brownian motion regime for short DNA in sub-5-nm gaps, with quality coefficients as high as 2 for dsDNA, an effect mainly attributed to a drastic increase in stiffness. The possibility for DNA to enter the underdamped regime could have profound implications on our understanding of the energetics of biomolecular engines such as the replication machinery, which operates in nanocavities of a few nanometers wide.
Published: 2023

3. Programme archéologique molénais, rapport n° 19. Deuxième campagne de fouille programmée sur le site multi-périodes de Porz ar Puñs, île de Béniguet (Le Conquet, Finistère) EA n° 29 040 0008, Opération n° 2022-107

Author: Pailler, Yvan, Nicolas, Clement, Clochon, Jean-Pierre, Dieu, Yoann, Duigou, Lionel, Dupont, Catherine, Le Bris, Daniel, Leveque, Francois, Manceau, Lorraine, Onfray, Marylise, Stéphan, Pierre, Yesou, Pierre, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), OFB - UBO - MCC - CD29, UBO, ANR-21-CE27-0024,GEOPRAS,Géoarchéologie et préhistoire des sociétés atlantiques(2021), and ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, archéologie - géomorphologie - dune - micromorphologie - datation - Bronza ancien - Campaniforme - géophysique, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Bien que repéré dès 1950, le site de Porz ar Puñs est un temps oublié puis redécouvert lors des tempêtes hivernales de 2013-2014 qui mettent au jour un important niveau coquillier. En 2021, trois tranchées ont été ouvertes dans la dune perpendiculairement au trait de côte afin d’appréhender en coupe la stratigraphie générale du site. Cette première campagne de fouille a permis de mettre au jour plusieurs niveaux d’occupations humaines associés à des rejets culinaires plus ou moins denses selon les périodes et interstratifiés dans la dune. Si la succession des couches était comprise dans ces grandes lignes malgré quelques mélanges dus à l’activité des lapins en particulier en bord de dune, il reste à comprendre dans le détail la nature de ces couches.En 2022, nous avons donc élargi la tranchée 1 de manière à disposer d’une fenêtre permettant d’observer spatialement les faits archéologiques repérés. Dans les niveaux supérieurs, ce sont des vestiges de la période contemporaine et de la fin du Moyen Âge qui ont pu être documentés. Sous l’épaisse couche de sable blanc quasi-stérile (US H4), nous avons atteint les couches attribuables au Bronze ancien (US X0 et X1) dont nous avons entamé la fouille. La découverte de structures empierrées (murets, dallage et un trou de piquet) laisse penser que le site ne correspond pas seulement à un lieu de dépotoir mais que des structures d’habitation sont toutes proches. De même, la reconnaissance de stries perpendiculaires pourrait indiquer une mise en culture du secteur dès le Bronze ancien. Parallèlement aux fouilles, les travaux en géoarchéologie viennent donner un éclairage plus large sur l’histoire humaine et paléoenvironnementale (phases de mise en place des dunes) du centre de l’île. S’il reste encore bien des points à éclaircir, la chrono-stratigraphie du site dans sa globalité est de mieux en mieux cernée. La micro-morphologie vient nous interroger sur la nature même des occupations que nous étudions. Ainsi, la couche coquillière à la base de la dune (US X3) s’est formée dans un environnement ouvert, mais résulte-t-elle d’un colluvionnement partiel, de déplacements naturel ou anthropique (rejet secondaire remobilisé) ? Quoiqu’il en soit l’étude céramologique des US X0 à X3 montre une succession vraisemblable des occupations, depuis un niveau campaniforme auquel serait associé des tessons décorés de style Conguel jusqu’à un Bronze ancien assez évolué en passant par l’Épicampaniforme. L’étude des niveaux les plus anciens de Porz ar Puñs est donc une occasion unique en Bretagne pour comprendre les sociétés des IIIeet IIe millénaires avant notre ère.
Published: 2023

4. Random telegraph signals in nanoscale vertical junctionless transistor with gate-all-around

Author: Simon Grall, Abhishek Kumar, Laurent Jalabert, Soo-Hyeon Kim, Guilhem Larrieu, Nicolas Clement, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique (LAAS-MPN), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE24-0005,LEGO,Portes logiques élémentaires empillées(2018)
Subjects: [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: Preprint; International audience; The role of a single defect on the electrical performance of transistors is unclear for transistors at nanometric dimensions. This role must be understood in order to improve the design and fabrication process of nanoscale transistors. Herein, we detected a single defect by a noise analysis approach on 18-nm-long gate junctionless (JL) vertical gate-all-around nanowire (VGAANW) transistors. Random telegraph signals (RTS) are reported to have a relative amplitude as high as 60%. We studied these RTS to assess the capacitive network in such nanoscale devices, providing routes to avoid large noise in the further downscaling of VGAANW and to exploit the high charge sensitivity for sensing applications. Defect density comparisons between JL and classic accumulation-mode transistors offered the opportunity to discuss a noise model developed when transistors were of several micrometers in size, questioning the significance of a defect density of less than one defect per device at the nanoscale.
Published: 2022

5. Prevalence and Main Clinical Characteristics of Fully Vaccinated Patients Admitted to Hospital for Delta Variant COVID-19

Author: Matteo, Vassallo, Nicolas, Clement, Laurene, Lotte, Sabrina, Manni, Audrey, Sindt, Pierre M, Bertrand, and Jacques, Durant
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: ObjectivesThe Delta variant of the novel beta coronavirus responsible for the current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) spread across Europe during the summer of 2021. Little is known of vaccine efficacy on this variant. Our aim was to study the prevalence and clinical characteristics of fully vaccinated subjects admitted to hospital for Delta variant COVID-19.MethodsWe identified patients admitted to Cannes hospital for Delta-variant-related Covid-19 infection from July to September 2021. Their main demographic parameters, inflammatory markers, and clinical characteristics were recorded. Differences between fully vaccinated subjects and unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated individuals were analyzed.ResultsWe included 126 patients (57% male, mean age 64 years, mean delay since symptoms onset 7.8 days). Among admitted patients, 94 (75%) were not vaccinated, 11 (8%) incompletely so and 21 (17%) were fully vaccinated. Fully vaccinated patients were older (77 vs. 61 vs. 62 years, p = 0.003), with fewer days since symptoms onset (5.9 vs. 8.0 vs. 9.3 days, p = 0.035) than unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated patients, respectively. Severe pneumonia was less frequent among completely vaccinated subjects (67 vs. 84 vs. 100%, p = 0.038), while rates of transfer to the ICU, mechanical ventilation or death did not differ. Thirteen fully vaccinated patients underwent a thoracic CT scan, revealing involvement of lung parenchyma in four of them.DiscussionPrevalence of hospitalization for Delta-variant COVID-19 in fully vaccinated subjects was low and, despite their age and comorbid conditions, these patients had a high rate of favorable outcome.
Published: 2022

6. Première campagne de fouille programmée sur le site multi-périodes de Porz ar Puns, île de Béniguet (Le Conquet, Finistère)

Author: Pailler, Yvan, Nicolas, Clement, CORSI, Laura, Dréano, Yvon, Jézéquel, Mael, Le Bris, Daniel, Leveque, Francois, Manceau, Lorraine, Paillard, Christine, Stéphan, Pierre, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Prévost, Camielsa, Villagran, Ximena, Chaire ArMeRIE UBO - Inrap, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), EVEHA (Etudes et valorisations archeologiques), Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC Brest), Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SRA Bretagne, and Programme archéologique molénais
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Suite à la succession de tempêtes de l’hiver 2013-2014, l’érosion marine, particulièrement active, a mis au jour plusieurs sites archéologiques le long du trait de côte de Béniguet. L’un d’entre eux correspond à un vaste niveau coquillier. Il est localisé au sud-est de l’île dans sa partie la plus étroite là où avaient été ramassés par le passé des ossements humains. Le recul de la dune, épaisse de plus de 4 m, a dégagé ce niveau coquillier sur une vingtaine de mètres de longueur. La découverte de silex taillés, de tessons campaniformes décorés, d’un perçoir fusiforme et d’une perle en test coquillier allaient clairement dans le sens d’une occupation de la Préhistoire récente. Afin de préciser l’étendue et la chronologie de cet amas coquillier, une première campagne de fouille programmée a été organisée en août 2021.Cette campagne a permis de reconnaître plusieurs occupations pré- et protohistoriques et médiévales, s’étendant sur plusieurs centaines de m², interstratifiés dans la dune et caractérisés pour la plupart par une large exploitation des ressources marines (coquillages, poissons). La bonne préservation de la faune est due à la présence massive de coquillages (patelles majoritairement). Sous la dune, un premier amas coquillier a livré des éléments rattachables au Néolithique final (style de Conguel ?) et au Campaniforme. Un premier ensablement est associé à une occupation plus ponctuelle, attestée par une modeste structure en pierre attribuable à la fin du IIIe millénaire. Peu de temps après, la dune connaît une période de stabilisation associée à un niveau coquillier daté du début de l’âge du Bronze ancien. Par la suite, une couche de sable blanc, épaisse de plus d’un mètre par endroits, se met en place relativement rapidement au début du Ier millénaire avant notre ère, sur la base des datations OSL. Ce n’est qu’à partir du VIIe siècle de notre ère qu’une importante occupation se manifeste par des séries de fosses, de poches coquillières et de restes humains, dont certains en cohérence anatomique ; ce qui semble suggérer que l’on ait affaire à un habitat et des sépultures du haut Moyen Âge. Après un nouvel épisode dunaire, une nouvelle occupation médiévale (X-XVIe s. ap. n. è.) est représentée par un mur éboulé associé à un sable limoneux noir, qui, dans les carottages, livre des patelles, de l’os et de la céramique.
Published: 2022

7. Meningitis with Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid: Lactate and FilmArray Can Save my Life? Case Report

Author: Laurene Lotte, Pierre-Marie Bertrand, Raphaël Chambon, Audrey Sindt, Matteo Vassallo, and Nicolas Clement
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Lumbar puncture, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Gram staining, Cerebrospinal fluid, law, Internal medicine, Hypoglycorrhachia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Medicine, Human herpesvirus 6, business, Meningitis, Encephalitis
Abstract: Cytological and biochemical examination from cerebrospinal fluid are key essentials in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. In most cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yields white cell counts > 100 mm3, hyperproteinorachia, and hypoglycorrhachia. However, in some patients, these findings do not appear especially in the elderly, pediatric, and the immunocompromised. A 78-year-old immunocompromised woman was admitted for fever and headache. Despite typical meningeal clinical signs, lumbar puncture showed absence of pleiocytosis, normal glycorrhachia, and normal proteinorachia. The lactate level in CSF was high (3.8 mmol/L). The FilmArray ® Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) panel was positive for Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV6). Gram staining was negative. In front of a high probability of bacterial meningitis, a second lumbar puncture was performed and showed normal cell counts and high lactate level (4.4 mmol/L). The FilmArray ® ME panel was positive for HHV6 and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The antimicrobial therapy was conducted for 14 days. She was treated with cefotaxime then amoxicillin. This case indicates the importance of repeating a lumbar puncture even if the examination of CSF is normal, whereas the patient has typical meningeal clinical signs. Lactate levels in CSF with a diagnostic cutoff value of 3.8 mmol/L and the FilmArray ® ME panel could help physicians in this situation in order to decrease a poor outcome.
Published: 2020

8. La flèche de cristal et les armatures en silex de l’âge du Bronze ancien de Kerhué Bras

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Simon-Millot, Rolande, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published: 2022

9. Parametric modeling of patterned object with variations and expert tuning of edge placement

Author: Bertrand Darbon, Sergio Martinez, Nicolas Clement, Marion Grould, Julien Baderot, and Johann Foucher
Subjects: Engineering drawing, Basis (linear algebra), Computer science, Parametric model, Process (computing), Process control, Image processing, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, Object (computer science), Metrology
Abstract: The research and development steps in the semiconductor industry require tools that are able to handle features with large variation across the images, but also tools that can reproduce the definition of an edge taught by an expert. This definition should be easily modified to mimic the expert decisions in order to reduce the time spent by process engineers during research and development phases. We developed a patterned edge model allowing to detect the profile of patterned objects in microscopic images. A complementary tool is proposed to customize the definition between two materials according to the expert targets. The obtained profiles serve as a basis to perform robust metrology and ensure quality control of the manufactured semiconductor components.
Published: 2021

10. Flintwork from burials; making arrow and fire

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Nicolas, Clément, Stuart Needham, and George Anelay
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published: 2021

11. Machine Learning assistant technology to facilitate Fin and 3D memory measurements on SEM and TEM images

Author: Nicolas Clement, Johann Foucher, Matthew Bryan, Sergio Martinez, Julien Baderot, and Bertrand Darbon
Subjects: Measure (data warehouse), Fin, Computer science, business.industry, Process (computing), Image processing, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Pipeline (software), Metrology, Process control, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: We present a machine learning-based metrology pipeline for electron microscope imagery in the semiconductor industry. The pipeline is targeted to reduce the time spent by Process Engineers during research and development, by automating measurements of features according to their instructions in the form of a “measurement recipe”. Specifically, we present the principles and functionality of tools to measure Fin and 3D Memory structures based on edge finding algorithms, including through direct modelling of the SEM acquisition process to better capture blurred-appearing features.
Published: 2020

12. Colombelles, ZAC Lazzaro 3

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Besnard-Vauterin, Chris-Cécile, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

13. ‘The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune’: warrior equipment and elite sacra across the Channel at the dawn of the Metal Ages (2500–1600 BC)

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Prehistoric Society, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

14. A gateway to the Continent: the Early Bronze Age cemetery at Hengistbury Head

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tim Darvill, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

15. Les pratiques funéraires au Campaniforme

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Favrel, Quentin, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Boulud-Gazo, C. Le Pennec, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

16. La culture campaniforme dans le Morbihan : caractéristiques et particularités

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Favrel, Quentin, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Boulud-Gazo, C. Le Pennec, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

17. Une tombe « princière » en plaine de Caen, Giberville

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Flotté, David, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), C. Marcigny, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

18. Les flèches perçantes et la fin des importations du silex du Grand-Pressigny dans le Massif armoricain (ca. 3000-1750 av. n. è.)

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Rousseau, Lolita, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), N. Mallet, J. Pelegrin, C. Verjux, Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Nicolas, Clément, Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

19. Le Bronze ancien armoricain et les tombes princières

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Nicolas, Clément, S. Boulud-Gazo, C. Le Pennec, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

20. Les céramiques funéraires

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Favrel, Quentin, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Boulud-Gazo, C. Le Pennec, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

21. Le mobilier d’archerie

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Boulud-Gazo, C. Le Pennec, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

22. Les céramiques en contexte funéraire aux débuts de l’âge du Bronze en Bretagne

Author: Stévenin, Claire, Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yvan Pailler, Clément Nicolas, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract: Bronze Age funeral ceramics in Brittany, known for their handles in variable numbers, were of use for a long time as a basis to the knowledge of the pottery of this period. This exhaustive presentation allows to draw up the current situation of the available data in 2015 and an original typology based on the shape of the pots and not the number of handles. The study of this corpus on more restricted territories highlights indications of the productions geographically anchored, in particular in Léon and in mountains of Arrée. A critical examination of the associated grave goods and the radiocarbon dates shows that the chronology of vases stemming from graves remains widely unclear. The comparison with the ceramics of the site of Beg ar Loued allows to suggest lines of research. However, only new reliable radiocarbon dates and the confrontation with an enlarged domestic corpus will help to draw a typochronology of these funeral vessels., Les vases funéraires de l’âge du Bronze en Bretagne, fameux pour leurs anses en nombre variable, ont longtemps servi de base à la connaissance de la céramique de cette période. Cette présentation exhaustive permet de dresser l’état des lieux des données disponibles en 2015 et une première typologie basée sur la forme des vases et non plus sur leur nombre d’anses. L’étude de ce corpus sur des territoires plus restreints met en lumière des indices de productions géographiquement ancrées dans le Léon et dans les monts d’Arrée. Un examen critique du mobilier associé et des datations radiocarbone montre que la chronologie des vases funéraires reste à préciser. La comparaison avec la céramique de Beg ar Loued permet de suggérer quelques pistes de réflexion. Cependant, seules de nouvelles datations radiocarbone fiables et la confrontation avec un corpus domestique élargi permettront d’établir une réelle typo-chronologie de ces vases funéraires.
Published: 2019

23. Les pratiques funéraires au Bronze ancien

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Favrel, Quentin, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Boulud-Gazo, C. Le Pennec, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

24. Les tumulus à pointes de flèches

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Boulud-Gazo, C. Le Pennec, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

25. Les tombes de l’âge du Bronze dans le Finistère : Nouvel inventaire, méthodes et premiers résultats

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Pailler, Yvan, Fily, Muriel, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Départemental du Finistère, S. Blanchet, T. Nicolas, B. Quilliec, B. Roberts, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

26. Relevés en 3D de la dalle gravée de Saint-Bélec

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Pailler, Yvan, Stéphan, Pierre, Aubry, Laurent, Lacombe, Vincent, Simon-Millot, Rolande, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Musée d'Archéologie Nationale (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, FRANCE), S. Blanchet, T. Nicolas, B. Quilliec, B. Roberts, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

27. Multi-user volumetric 360° display based on retro-reflective transparent surfaces

Author: Yann Lee, Denis Sarrasin, Nicolas Clement, Frederic Sermet, and Christophe Martinez
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), business.industry, Image quality, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Volumetric display, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Retroreflector, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Holographic display, Development (differential geometry), Cube, 0210 nano-technology, business, Projection (set theory)
Abstract: We present in details the development of a 360° volumetric display based on the use of a transparent projection surface. The optical scheme derives from the Pepper’s ghost configuration, known as holographic display. Our optical system requires high angular diffusion efficiency and an innovative transparent retro-reflective surface has been developed for that purpose. This surface is made of sparse cube corner distribution and we give some elements of its design and characterization. We describe also the optical design of the 360° display and gave the feedback of its presentation to the public during a symposium.
Published: 2020

28. The production and use of archery-related items as reflects of social changes during the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age in Europe

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Kadrow, Nicolas, Clément, J. Müller, Kadrow, S., and Müller, J.
Subjects: Europe, use-wear analysis, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, flint arrowheads, technology, Early Bronze Age, stone bracers, Bell Beaker, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Dates ranging from 2500 to 1700 BCE are a period of major social and economic\ud change in western and central Europe, with the spreading of the Bell Beaker Culture\ud and the introduction or the development of metalworking (copper then bronze). At\ud that time, archery-related items became peculiarly significant for the Bell Beaker\ud and some Early Bronze Age communities. They include especially specific types of\ud arrowheads and an original item, the stone bracer, thought to have adorned organic\ud wristguards. Technological studies point to the objects that were more or less easily\ud made during the Bell Beaker period, suggesting that each warrior was able to shape\ud his own set, while during the Early Bronze Age, the level of know-how as well the\ud context of production suggests that these items were manufactured by craftsmen\ud for the elite. Use-wear analysis shows that these objects might be commonly worn.\ud During the Bell Beaker period, part of the arrowhead and, to a lesser extent, some\ud bracers were used for shooting. However, in some regions during the Early Bronze\ud Age, these objects were intended for display only. These two types of production\ud and uses of archery-related items illustrate a shift from the object-signs of the Bell\ud Beaker warriors towards items alienated from their primary function or sacred\ud objects of the Early Bronze Age elites. Finally, the wide distribution of Bell Beaker\ud arrowheads and bracers allow considering the relevance of the circulation of ideas,\ud objects and individuals in adopting a European fashion.
Published: 2018

29. Bell Beaker burial customs in NW France

Author: Favrel, Quentin, Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), T. McVeigh, C. Jones, R. Ó Maoldúin, O. Scholma-Mason, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

30. La chronologie des tumulus armoricains : anciennes explorations, nouvelles fouilles

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Blanchet, Stéphane, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), G. Aubin, C.-T. Le Roux, C. Marcigny, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2018

31. Electromagnetic Modeling in Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy Highlighting Limitations in Spatial and Electrical Resolutions

Author: P. Polovodov, Christophe Boyaval, Nicolas Clement, Fei Wang, D. Deresmes, C. Brillard, Kamel Haddadi, S. Eliet, Olaf C. Haenssler, Didier Theron, Gilles Dambrine, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Nano and Microsystems - IEMN (NAM6 - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF - IEMN), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], Nanostructures, nanoComponents & Molecules - IEMN (NCM - IEMN), Advanced NanOmeter DEvices - IEMN (ANODE - IEMN), Circuits Systèmes Applications des Micro-ondes - IEMN (CSAM - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut TELECOM/TELECOM Lille1, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), This work is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the EquipEx Excelsior (www.excelsior-ncc.eu) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 761036., and European Project: 761036,H2020-NMBP-2017-two-stage,MMAMA(2017)
Subjects: Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, business.industry, finite element method (FEM), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Near and far field, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Finite element method, vector network analyzer (VNA), Wavelength, Scanning probe microscopy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), electromagnetic modeling, Microscopy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM), Computational electromagnetics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave
Abstract: International audience; Near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) is a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique that measures the local interaction of evanescent microwaves with a sample using a sharp tip probe. The traceability in NSMM is still challenging as the distribution of the electrical fields is affected by several parameters. In this effort, finite element method (FEM) based electromagnetic modeling methods are used to study the effects of the wavelength of operation and the humidity on the spatial and electrical resolutions respectively. From the simulated data, it is demonstrated that the lateral resolution is improved with increasing the frequency of operation. Furthermore, the existence and influence of a water meniscus is highlighted by fine comparison between simulated and measured data. To face these issues, an alternative near-field scanning millimeter-wave microscopy working in a controlled environment is proposed. Keywords-near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM); finite element method (FEM); electromagnetic modeling; vector network analyzer (VNA); scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Insulin resistance causes inflammation in adipose tissue

Author: Irina C. Frei, Diana Weissenberger, Suzette Moes, Verena Albert, Jerome A. Meier, Bettina Woelnerhanssen, Marco Colombi, Marta M. Swierczynska, Paul Jenö, Christoph Beglinger, Nicolas Clement, Michael N. Hall, Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach, Ralph Peterli, and Mitsugu Shimobayashi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemokine, Panniculitis, medicine.medical_treatment, Adipose tissue, Inflammation, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2, Type 2 diabetes, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Proinflammatory cytokine, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, 3T3-L1 Cells, Internal medicine, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Obesity, Chemokine CCL2, Mice, Knockout, biology, business.industry, Macrophages, Insulin, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Homeostatic model assessment, Insulin Resistance, medicine.symptom, business, Research Article, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance correlates with the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages and inflammation. However, the causal relationship of these events is unclear. Here, we report that obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice precedes macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue. Using a mouse model that combines genetically induced, adipose-specific insulin resistance (mTORC2-knockout) and diet-induced obesity, we found that insulin resistance causes local accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, insulin resistance in adipocytes results in production of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), which recruits monocytes and activates proinflammatory macrophages. Finally, insulin resistance (high homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) correlated with reduced insulin/mTORC2 signaling and elevated MCP1 production in visceral adipose tissue from obese human subjects. Our findings suggest that insulin resistance in adipose tissue leads to inflammation rather than vice versa.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Around the Channel maritory, what kind of Early Bronze Age societies ? The Breton case and beyond

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Nicolas, Clément, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F. Giligny, C. Marcigny, C. Nicolas, and A. Sheridan
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

34. The prestige of warriors: Bell Beaker arrows and archer’s equipment along the Danube

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. Caraglio, M. Bailly, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

35. Beg ar Loued (île Molène, Finistère), un habitat insulaire de l'âge du Bronze ancien. Entre autarcie et ouverture sur le monde

Author: Pailler, Yvan, Nicolas, Clement, Audouard, Loréna, Convertini, Fabien, Donnart, Klet, Dréano, Yvon, Dupont, Catherine, Hanot, Pauline, Lourdeau, Antoine, Marcoux, Nancy, Mougne, Caroline, Regert, Martine, Salanova, Laure, Sellami, Farid, Stéphan, Pierre, Tresset, Anne, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Trajectoires. De la sédentarisation à l'État (TRAJECTOIRES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau d'Etude EVEHA (EVEHA), EVEHA (Etudes et valorisations archeologiques), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie et Philologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), T. Lachenal et Y. Billaud, BSPF / APRAB, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société préhistorique française, Association pour la Promotion des Recherches sur l’Âge du Bronze (APRAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: material culture, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, économie, Bretagne, pierre sèche, habitat insulaire, Bronze ancien, economy, Molène, Brittany, dry-stone building, insular settlement, Early Bronze Age, culture matérielle
Abstract: International audience; Excavated from 2003 to 2011, the site of Beg ar Loued in the southern part of Molène Island has yielded the remains of two dry stone houses superimposed and occupied between 2150 and 1750 cal BC. At this time, the Molène Archipelago was in a similar form as today, except the foreshores, which were much larger. The site was then a hundred meters from the shoreline. The study of the site allows a more comprehensive understanding of the way of life of this island society. They used to farm and breed livestock, supplemented by fishing on the foreshore, collecting limpets and to a lesser extent hunting migratory birds. The material culture shows that this group used local resources: clay, sea pebbles and outcrops. This picture of a self-sufficient society must be qualified. Indeed, the architecture of buildings, the ceramic forms, the lithic technology and the metalworking are evidence that this society was linked with what was happening on the mainland. That raises question of seafaring and the nature of the links between this island society and the continent.; Fouillé de 2003 à 2011, le site de Beg ar Loued au sud de l’île de Molène a livré les vestiges de deux maisons en pierres sèches superposées et occupées de 2150 à 1750 cal. BC. À cette période, le plateau Molénais, déjà insulaire depuis le Néolithique ancien, se présentait dans une forme assez proche de l’actuel, exception faite des estrans qui étaient beaucoup plus vastes. Le site se trouvait alors à une centaine de mètres du trait de côte. L’étude du site a permis de mieux comprendre le mode de vie de cette com-munauté insulaire. Celle-ci pratiquait l’agriculture et l’élevage, complétés par la pêche sur estran, la collecte des patelles et, dans une moindre mesure, la chasse aux oiseaux migrateurs. La culture matérielle montre que ce groupe exploitait les ressources locales : argile, cordons de galets et affleurements rocheux. Ce tableau d’une société autarcique se doit pourtant d’être nuancé, car l’architecture des bâtiments, les formes céramiques, la technologie lithique et la métallurgie sont autant d’indices montrant que cette société n’était pas à l’écart des circuits d’échange et qu’elle était en phase avec les changements et les innovations culturels identifiés sur le proche conti-nent. Dès lors, se pose la question de la navigation et de la nature des liens qu’entretenait cette communauté insulaire avec le continent.
Published: 2017

36. Electrochemical Imaging of Dense Molecular Nanoarrays

Author: Agnès Anne, Nicolas Clement, Khalil Chennit, Christophe Demaille, Edmond Cambril, Jorge Trasobares, and Arnaud Chovin
Subjects: Chemistry, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Polyethylene glycol, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ferrocene, Microscopy, Molecule, Nanodot, 0210 nano-technology, Macromolecule
Abstract: The aim of the present work is to explore the combination of atomic force electrochemical microscopy, operated in molecule touching mode (Mt/AFM-SECM), and of dense nanodot arrays, for designing an electrochemically addressable molecular nanoarray platform. A high density nanoarray of single grained gold nanodots (∼15 nm-diameter nanoparticles, 100 nm pitch) is decorated by a model molecular system, consisting of ferrocene (Fc) labeled polyethylene glycol (PEG) disulfide chains. We show that the high resolution of Mt/AFM-SECM enables the electrochemical interrogation of several hundreds of individual nanodots in a single image acquisition. As a result, the statistical dispersion of the nanodot molecular occupancy by Fc-PEG chains can be reliably quantified, evidencing that as little as a few tens of copies of redox-labeled macromolecules immobilized on individual nanodots can be detected. The electrochemical reactivity of individual nanodots can also be reliably sampled over a large population of nanodots. We evidence that the heterogeneous rate constant characterizing the electron transfer between the nanodots and the Fc heads displays some quantifiable variability but that the electron transfer remains in any case in the quasi-reversible regime. Overall, we demonstrate that Mt/AFM-SECM enables high throughput reading of dense nanoarrays, with a sensitivity and a read-out speed considerably higher than previously reported for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging of molecular microarrays.
Published: 2017

37. Arrows of power at the dawn of metallurgy, from Brittany to Denmark\ud (2500-1700 BC)

Author: Nicolas, Clement
Abstract: This article presents a comparative study of the arrowheads found in graves dating to between 2500 BC and 1700 BC in north-west France, southern Britain and Denmark. The aim is to characterize their modes of production and functions during a period which successively sees the introduction of copper then bronze metallurgy, the former accompanying the appearance of Bell Beaker pottery and associated practices in these areas. Several modes of production are proposed, from individual manufacture by Bell Beaker-using warriors to specialist production for elite use during the Early Bronze Age. Over and above their function as weapons - arguably associated more with interpersonal combat than with hunting -, arrowheads served to portray and emphasise the social status of the individuals. In the case of the Early Bronze Age Armorican arrowheads, they should be regarded as ‘sacred’ objects, made for display and enhancing the power of the chiefs. Lastly, arrows are placed in the broader perspective of major trends affecting Europe during the Bell Beaker period and then the Early Bronze Age, while the distribution of arrowheads with slanted barbs suggests the operation of an Atlantic cultural complex.
Published: 2017

38. Molecular diodes: Breaking the Landauer limit

Author: Nicolas, Clement and Akira, Fujiwara
Published: 2017

39. Estimation of {\pi}-{\pi} Electronic Couplings from Current Measurements

Author: Akira Fujiwara, Yoann Olivier, Jérôme Cornil, Jérôme Rech, Ragavendran Sivakumarasamy, Philippe Leclère, Nicolas Clement, J.P. Nys, Olivier Alévêque, Eric Levillain, Thierry Martin, Dominique Vuillaume, Kacem Smaali, Valentin Diez-Cabanes, Didier Theron, Jorge Trasobares, Thibaut Jonckheere, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOLTECH-ANJOU (MOLTECH-ANJOU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Mons, Lab Chem Novel Mat, Belgium, Université de Mons (UMons), NTT Basic Research Laboratories [Tokio], NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), MOLTECH-Anjou, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nano and Microsystems - IEMN (NAM6 - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Renatech Network, ANR-11-EQPX-0015,Excelsior,Centre expérimental pour l'étude des propriétés des nanodispositifs dans un large spectre du DC au moyen Infra-rouge.(2011), European Project: 317116,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,NANOMICROWAVE(2013), European Project: 642196,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014,iSwitch(2015), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nanostructures, nanoComponents & Molecules - IEMN (NCM - IEMN)
Subjects: molecular electronics, Gaussian, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], symbols.namesake, Quantum mechanics, General Materials Science, nanoelectrochemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Diode, Coupling, Range (particle radiation), π−π interaction, Nanoelectrochemistry, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Intermolecular force, Cooperative effect, Molecular electronics, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, transfer integral, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, coupled quantum dot, symbols, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The {\pi}-{\pi} interactions between organic molecules are among the most important parameters for optimizing the transport and optical properties of organic transistors, light-emitting diodes, and (bio-) molecular devices. Despite substantial theoretical progress, direct experimental measurement of the {\pi}-{\pi} electronic coupling energy parameter t has remained an old challenge due to molecular structural variability and the large number of parameters that affect the charge transport. Here, we propose a study of {\pi}-{\pi} interactions from electrochemical and current measurements on a large array of ferrocene-thiolated gold nanocrystals. We confirm the theoretical prediction that t can be assessed from a statistical analysis of current histograms. The extracted value of t ca. 35 meV is in the expected range based on our density functional theory analysis. Furthermore, the t distribution is not necessarily Gaussian and could be used as an ultrasensitive technique to assess intermolecular distance fluctuation at the subangstr\"om level. The present work establishes a direct bridge between quantum chemistry, electrochemistry, organic electronics, and mesoscopic physics, all of which were used to discuss results and perspectives in a quantitative manner., Comment: Nano Lett (2017), full text and supporting information
Published: 2017

40. Hydrogen Silsesquioxane-Based Nanofluidics

Author: François Vaurette, Katsuhiko Nishiguchi, Nicolas Clement, Pierre Joseph, Akira Fujiwara, Ragavendran Sivakumarasamy, Sathyanarayanan Punniyakoti, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, NTT Basic Research Laboratories [Tokio], NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Materials science, Fabrication, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Nanofluidics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, HSQ, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Hydrogen silsesquioxane, Lithography, 3D Nanofluidics, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Resist, Mechanics of Materials, Colloidal gold, extremely slow evaporation rate, Nanometre, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Nanofluidics show great promise for the control of small volumes and single molecules, especially for biological and energy applications. To build up more and more complex nanofluidics systems, a versatile and reproducible fabrication technique with nanometer precision alignment is desirable. In this article, two e-beam lithography methods to fabricate nanofluidic channels based on hydrogen silsesquioxane, a high-resolution negative-tone inorganic resist, are presented. The robustness and versatility of the fabrication processes are demonstrated on silicon, glass, and flexible substrates. The high precision ability is illustrated with nanometric alignment of nanofluidic channels on gold nanoparticles and nanotransistor sensors, as well as for 3D nanofluidics prototyping. Furthermore, an unexpected extremely slow water evaporation rate (≈1 week for 300 μm long nanochannels) is noticed. This feature enables a simple and reliable manipulation of nanofluidic chips for various studies.
Published: 2017

41. Selective layer-free blood serum ionogram based on ion-specific interactions with a nanotransistor

Author: Remco Hartkamp, Bertrand Siboulet, Katsuhiko Nishiguchi, Akira Fujiwara, Nicolas Clement, Ragavendran Sivakumarasamy, Jean-François Dufrêche, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Modélisation Mésoscopique et Chimie Théorique (LMCT), Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM - UMR 5257), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NTT Basic Research Laboratories [Atsugi], NTT Corporation, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Serum, Silicon, Transistors, Electronic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Divalent, Ion, Molecular dynamics, Blood serum, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Nanotechnology, General Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor
Abstract: Despite being ubiquitous in the fields of chemistry and biology, the ion-specific effects of electrolytes pose major challenges for researchers. A lack of understanding about ion-specific surface interactions has hampered the development and application of materials for (bio-)chemical sensor applications. Here, we show that scaling a silicon nanotransistor sensor down to ~25 nm provides a unique opportunity to understand and exploit ion-specific surface interactions, yielding a surface that is highly sensitive to cations and inert to pH. The unprecedented sensitivity of these devices to Na+ and divalent ions can be attributed to an overscreening effect via molecular dynamics. The surface potential of multi-ion solutions is well described by the sum of the electrochemical potentials of each cation, enabling selective measurements of a target ion concentration without requiring a selective organic layer. We use these features to construct a blood serum ionogram for Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, in an important step towards the development of a versatile, durable and mobile chemical or blood diagnostic tool.
Published: 2016

42. A 17 GHz Molecular Rectifier

Author: Dominique Vuillaume, Nicolas Clement, Jorge Trasobares, Didier Theron, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), and Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)
Subjects: Materials science, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Low frequency, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Rectifier, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Rectification, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Diode, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Direct current, Molecular electronics, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave
Abstract: Molecular electronics originally proposed that small molecules sandwiched between electrodes would accomplish electronic functions and enable ultimate scaling to be reached. However, so far, functional molecular devices have only been demonstrated at low frequency. Here, we demonstrate molecular diodes operating up to 17.8 GHz. Direct current and radio frequency (RF) properties were simultaneously measured on a large array of molecular junctions composed of gold nanocrystal electrodes, ferrocenyl undecanethiol molecules and the tip of an interferometric scanning microwave microscope. The present nanometre-scale molecular diodes offer a current density increase by several orders of magnitude compared with that of micrometre-scale molecular diodes, allowing RF operation. The measured S11 parameters show a diode rectification ratio of 12 dB which is linked to the rectification behaviour of the direct current conductance. From the RF measurements, we extrapolate a cut-off frequency of 520 GHz. A comparison with the silicon RF-Schottky diodes, architecture suggests that the RF-molecular diodes are extremely attractive for scaling and high-frequency operation., Molecular electronics holds promise to overcome scaling limits of conventional technologies, but is currently limited to low frequency operation. Here, Trasobares et al. show radio frequencies of up to 17.8 GHz in a molecular diode based on ferrocenyl undecanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold nanodots.
Published: 2016

43. Flèches de pouvoir à l’aube de la métallurgie, de la Bretagne au Danemark (2500-1700 av. n. è.)

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

44. Bell Beaker archery equipment some considerations from North-Western and Central Europe

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Nicolas, Clément, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F. Convertini, R. Furestier, C. Gilabert, O. Lemercier, and M. Bailly
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

45. Breaking the Landauer limit

Author: Nicolas Clement and Akira Fujiwara
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physics, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Biomedical Engineering, Molecular electronics, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Monolayer, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Limit (mathematics), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Diode
Abstract: A diode made of a self-assembly monolayer with ferrocenyl termini shows an on/off ratio of ∼105.
Published: 2017

46. Sub-10 nm-scale capacitors and tunnel junctions measurements by SMM coupled to RF interferometry

Author: Thomas Dargent, Gilles Dambrine, Damien Ducatteau, Bernard Legrand, Didier Theron, Fei Wang, Kamel Haddadi, Nicolas Clement, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Nano and Microsystems - IEMN (NAM6 - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Équipe Microsystèmes électromécaniques (LAAS-MEMS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Interference (wave propagation), Capacitance, law.invention, Scanning probe microscopy, Capacitor, Interferometry, Optics, Parasitic capacitance, law, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, Electrical impedance, Microwave
Abstract: International audience; We have developed an adjustable Interferometer combined to a Scanning Microwave Microscopy (ISMM) to characterize the impedance of thousands of nanocapacitors. The adjustable interferometer allows the choice of the interference frequency within ± 50 MHz as well as the choice of the impedance range where the interference occurs. Calibration is investigated using metal-insulating-semiconductor capacitances. The ISMM allows quantitative characterization of tiny capacitors with size reaching sub-10 nm and capacitance value around the aF with a limit of resolution of about 0.5 aF at 7.8 GHz. A water meniscus parasitic capacitance is introduced to explain the discrepancy between measured and theoretical values over the 5 to 100-nm nanodot diameter range. The ISMM allows also measuring tunnel junctions made with very thin Al2O3 dielectric layers.
Published: 2015

47. The wears of the power: Functional study of the Early Bronze Age Armorican arrowheads

Author: Guéret, Colas, Nicolas, Clement, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), V. Rots, H. Plisson, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

48. Early Bronze Age Craftmanship in Britanny

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Stevenin, C., Stéphan, Pierre, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (NantesUniv – IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, and Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)
Subjects: pointe de flèche, outil en pierre, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ornament, crafts, fourreau, pottery, Bretagne, artisanat, Bronze ancien, orfèvrerie, vase, dagger, parure, goldsmithing, sheath, arrowhead, Brittany, Early Bronze Age, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, stone tool, poignard
Abstract: International audience; Large numbers Early Bronze Age barrows were excavated in Brittany from the second half of the 19th century. This flurryof activity produced various syntheses, published by the main excavators of the time (Aveneau de la Grancière, 1899; Martin, 1900;Du Chatellier, 1907). A century later, a new synthesis coupled with an inventory was published in 1984 by Jacques Briard, titled LesTumulus d’Armorique. Despite a wealth of data, the different objects discovered in the tombs, whether craft goods or other items, haverarely undergone comparative analysis. A critical review of radiocarbon dates shows continuity between the Bell Beaker Culture (2500-2150 BC; Salanova, 2011) and the Armorican Tumuli. There is clear contemporaneity between barrows containg arrowheads, called‘Première série’, and barrows containing pottery, called ‘Seconde série’ (fig. 1). However, these terms and their chronological assumptionsshould be abandoned (Nicolas, 2011). For the moment, one can tentatively see an early phase (2140-1900 cal. BC) and a middlephase (2020-1750 cal. BC), even if there is much overlap. Re-examination of the artefacts discovered in Early Bronze Age graves showsdifferent degrees of specialization, in relation to raw materials and technological know-how. The Armorican arrowheads appear to be theresult of specialized crafting (Nicolas, 2011 and forthcoming), but this was not necessarily a full-time activity as raw material acquisitionand flint knapping are easier during the summer (Pelegrin, 2002). Metal daggers reveal considerable expertise: mastery of alloys, largedaggers, gold decoration, high quality sheaths. A majority of ornaments are of exotic origin (Briard, 1984a; Du Gardin, 1989; Sheridanand Shortland, 2004; Needham, 2009). The pottery, the typology of which has been revised (Stevenin, 2000), varies considerably in qualitybetween different areas of Brittany. Stone tools (scrapers, points, grindstones) are present in the graves but are poorly documented.The distribution of funerary objects in Brittany shows geographical disparities: very few people were doted with arrowheads, however,daggers have a wider distribution and pottery is distributed uniformly throughout the area. The circulation of Breton objects over thechannel in Britain shows the same reality: pottery circulates, daggers circulate and are copied, but arrows do not circulate but are copied.These three types of distribution reflect three different statuses, from common goods to inaccessible and copied goods.The presence of objects specifically intended for the elite indicates that the production of arrowheads, metal objects and related craftitems is closely controlled. Exotic ornaments also seem to fit into this pattern as prestige goods. The various pottery vessels suggesta wide range of situations: domestic production, local or interregional workshops. Stone tools, such as scrapers or grindstones, couldhave been produced in a domestic context. This pattern, based on the burials, will have to be confronted with evidence from settlements,quarries and mines, as well as workshop sites if these do indeed exist.; Plus d’un millier de tumulus ont été fouillés depuis le xixe siècle en basse Bretagne. Ceux-ci ont fourni un important corpusmobilier (pointes de flèches, vases, poignards, haches, fourreaux en cuir, parures, outils en pierre). La chronologie de ces objets a longtempsété discutée, mais un examen critique des dates radiocarbone permet de s’assurer de leur contemporanéité et de leur datation auxdébuts de l’âge du Bronze. La revue détaillée de ces objets funéraires permet d’observer différents niveaux de savoir-faire. Certainsartefacts (flèches, poignards) ont nécessité une grande habileté technique suggérant l’existence d’artisans spécialisés. D’autres, commeles vases ou les outils en pierre, ont pu être produits dans un cadre domestique ou artisanal. La répartition de ces biens dans les tombesbretonnes et outre-Manche révèle l’existence d’objets communs, possédés par le plus grand nombre, ou d’objets prestigieux, détenuspar quelques-uns. Cette distribution hétérogène reflète vraisemblablement une société hiérarchisée, où les objets signent le statut social.En retour, la valorisation des biens dans les sépultures permet de suggérer plusieurs modes de productions d’objets : activités domestiquesou artisanales, libres ou contrôlées, à diffusion locale ou interrégionale.
Published: 2015

49. Programme de prospections « Bronze ancien », rapport n° 5 : fouille programmée du site de Kerneïs Langristin (Plounévez-Lochrist, 29)

Author: Nicolas, Clement, Pailler, Yvan, Stéphan, Pierre, Manceau, Lorraine, Cherel, Anne-Françoise, Nicolas, Théophane, and Nicolas, Clément
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published: 2015

50. Les pointes de flèches remarquables

Author: Nicolas, Clement, VAQUER, JEAN, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chancerel A., Vaquer J., Clayet-Merle J.-J., Nicolas, Clément, A. Chancerel, J. Vaquer, J.-J. Cleyet-Merle, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VAQUER, JEAN
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

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