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En 2018, l’espérance de vie à 35 ans des hommes cadres est de près de 50 ans, contre 44 ans pour les ouvriers, soit presque 6 ans d’écart. Ces écarts d’espérance de vie sont encore importants à 62 ans : 3 ans et 6 mois ans chez les hommes, 2 ans et 8 mois chez les femmes. En dépit d’un départ à la retraite plus précoce, les ouvriers passent 2 années de moins à la retraite que les cadres et 3,4 années de plus au chômage ou en inactivité. Par ailleurs, les années de chômage ou d’inactivité sont fréquentes dans les années précédant l’âge légal pour les ouvriers. Les femmes passent de 3 à 4 ans de plus à la retraite que les hommes de catégorie sociale similaire, mais aussi plus d’années qu’eux en inactivité.

A conditional tail index estimator is introduced which explicitly allows for right-tail censoring (top-coding). We show that the factor values used to adjust top-coded wages have changed over time and depend on individuals' characteristics, occupations and industries, and propose suitable values. Specifically, contrasting the results of our approach with those of a conservative fixed adjustment factor of 1.5 (used in the literature), suggests that wage inequality in 2017 measured with the Gini coefficient is larger than that suggested by the fixed adjustment factor.

BackgroundCumulative exposure to childhood adversity is associated with a variety of labour market outcomes in young adulthood. It remains largely unclear whether the type of adversity matters in this association. This prospective study examined the differences in exposure to 14 adverse experiences among groups of young adults aged 22 characterised by distinct labour market participation states and employment conditions.MethodsWe used data from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15 years of follow-up (N=1524). We included 14 adverse experiences (ages 0–16) across five domains: peer influences, loss or threat of loss, material deprivation, family dynamics and maltreatment. Labour market participation states and employment conditions were assessed at age 22. We used latent class analysis to derive labour market outcome groups, which we subsequently compared on exposure to adverse experiences using pairwise comparisons.ResultsInactive individuals (n=85, 5.6%), often neither in education (77.4%) nor employment (98.6%) and on benefits (94.4%), were more likely to be exposed to many distinct types of adverse experiences (eg, parental addiction, bullying victimisation) as compared with all other groups. Early workers (n=413, 27.1%), often on temporary contracts and low monthly incomes, were more likely to be exposed to parental divorce (22.7%) compared with students with side jobs (12.9%).ConclusionsDifferent adverse experiences are not equally associated with labour market outcomes. Researchers and stakeholders in policy and practice should be aware of the differences between adverse experiences in their importance for labour market outcomes in young adults.

In recent years, the role of women in medicine, particularly in surgical practice, has increasingly become a subject for discussion. Traditionally, male doctors have dominated in surgical specialties, especially in urology. Slow rhythm of changes in the structure of the specialty remains the problem relevant, despite the optimistic perspectives of the world urological community gender heterogeneity.We have conducted an anonymous survey. Respondents were asked to complete a survey, which included questions from the survey of the European Association of Urology. The sample included 63 women, who were divided into two groups.Despite the opinion of both groups about the lack of a separation into «female» and «male» specialties, there are concerns about a conflict with stereotypes and ideas about the impossibility of women working in a surgical specialty. Respondents of both groups had more than 70% assurance that in order to achieve professional success, a female surgeon needs more efforts than a male surgeon. In the question of the future status after 10 years, the student population in more than 60% noted the option «operating urologist» and less than 10% of respondents chose the «researcher». At the same time, the ratio among female-doctors has 41 and 33%, respectively. Among female students, in most cases, indicated the lack of such a dilemma (family/career). Female doctors have a ratio of 50:50, respectively. In the question about pay, more than 75% of respondents were confident about receiving equal pay, similar to male doctors.The increasing number of female urologists across the world is a nowadays reality. Rejection of existing stereotypes, elements of gender discrimination from colleagues and patients, mentoring, awareness-building - will help attract young female doctors to the urological specialty. These aspects will be the first step in changing of the current urology.Введение. За последние годы роль женщины в медицине, в частности в хирургической практике, всё чаще становится темой для дискуссий. Традиционно в хирургических специальностях, а конкретно в урологии, доминировали врачи-мужчины. Несмотря на обнадеживающие перспективы гендерной разнородности мирового урологического сообщества, достаточно медленные темпы изменений в структуре специальности подтверждают актуальность проблемы.Материалы и методы. Нами было проведено анонимное анкетирование. Респондентам предлагалось пройти опрос, который включал пункты из анкеты Европейской ассоциации урологов. Выборка состояла из 63 женщин, которые были разделены на две группы.Результаты. Несмотря на мнение обеих групп об отсутствии разделения на «женские» и «мужские» специальности, отмечаются опасения о столкновении со стереотипами и понятиями о невозможности работы женщин в хирургической специальности. У представительниц обеих групп в более чем 70% случаев была уверенность в том, что для достижения профессионального успеха женщине-хирургу необходимо затратить больше усилий, чем мужчине-хирургу. В вопросе о будущем статусе по прошествии 10 лет студенческая популяция в более чем 60% случаев отметила вариант работы «оперирующим урологом» и менее 10% респонденток выбрали пункт «научным сотрудником». В то же время соотношение среди врачей имеют значения 41 и 33% соответственно. Студентки в большинстве случаев указывали отсутствие такой дилеммы (семья/карьера), у врачей было соотношение 50 : 50. В вопросе о заработной плате более 75% опрошенных были уверены в получении оплаты труда в равном размере, аналогичном врачам мужского пола.Заключение. Рост количества женщин-урологов во всём мире - современная реальность. Отказ от существующих стереотипов, элементов гендерной дискриминации со стороны коллег и пациентов, наставничество, просветительская работа будут способствовать привлечению молодых врачей женского пола в урологическую специальность. Всё это послужит толчком в преобразовании современной урологии.

O presente artigo, resultado parcial de pesquisa de mestrado em andamento com apoio da FAPESP (Processo nº 2021/00573-7), pretende contribuir com apontamentos acerca das táticas penais tomadas enquanto analisadores das relações de poder em jogo em ocupações de moradia do centro expandido da cidade de São Paulo. O material de análise são trajetórias e experiências de moradores marcadas pela relação com os dispositivos punitivos do Estado (com ênfase na prisão), reunidas através de trabalho de campo etnográfico, em cotejo com outras fontes (processos judiciais, mídia, entrevista). This article, a partial result of a master's research in progress with the support of the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), intends to contribute with notes about the penal tactics taken as analyzers of the power relations at stake in housing occupations of the expanded center of the city of São Paulo. The material of analysis are trajectories and experiences of residents marked by the relationship with the punitive devices of the State (with emphasis on the prison), gathered through ethnographic fieldwork, in comparison with other sources (judicial proceedings, media, interview). Este artículo, resultado de una investigación de maestría en curso, con el apoyo de la Fundación de Apoyo a la Investigación del Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pretende contribuir con notas sobre las tácticas penales como analizadores de las relaciones de poder en disputa en las ocupaciones de viviendas del centro de la ciudad de São Paulo. El material de análisis son trayectorias y experiencias de los residentes en su relación con los dispositivos punitivos del Estado (con énfasis en la prisión), recogidas por trabajo de campo etnográfico y puestas en diálogo con otras fuentes (procesos judiciales, medios de comunicación, entrevista). Cet article, résultat partiel d'une recherche de master en cours avec le soutien de la Fondation pour la Recherche de São Paulo (FAPESP), contribue avec des notes sur les tactiques pénales prises comme analyseurs des relations de pouvoir en jeu dans les occupations de logements du centre élargi de la ville de São Paulo. Le matériel d'analyse sont les trajectoires et les expériences des résidents encadrés par la relation avec des dispositifs punitifs de l'État (avec l'accent sur la prison), recueillies par un travail ethnographique de terrain, organisé et reproduit de manière fictive, en comparaison avec d'autres sources (procédures judiciaires, médias, interview).

Este artigo busca analisar desde a eclosão da primeira onda de ocupações dos secundaristas de São Paulo em 2015 – em especial as estratégias e elaborações que o movimentou criou frente àquelas do Estado em articulação com outros atores sociais – até o seu fim, após a segunda onda do movimento em 2016, quando foi reabsorvido no e pelo discurso do protagonismo juvenil. Essa análise partiu da compreensão do movimento dos secundaristas como trabalho político e do reconhecimento dos saberes produzidos nele, o que permitiu traçar a maneira como as mudanças da função da escola pública em curso remetiam a uma mudança estrutural de gestão-empresarial, em um discurso compartilhado entre ONGs, acadêmicos, o Estado e órgãos internacionais desde o final da década de 1990 nos países latino-americanos. No entanto, a consolidação desse projeto apenas foi possível por meio de uma tática e estratégia de guerras ordinárias que remontam a uma experiência muito anterior de reprodução social (e suas formas de negação), como compreenderam os secundaristas. This article seeks to analyze the secondary students’ movement, from the outbreak of the first wave of occupations in 2015 – especially the strategies and elaborations created by the movement against those of the State in its articulation with other social actors – until its end, after the second wave of the movement in 2016, when it was reabsorbed in and by the discourse of youth protagonism. This analysis started with the understanding of the secondary students’ movement as political work and with the recognition of the knowledge produced in it, which allowed us to trace the way in which the changes underway in the function of the public school correlated to a structural change of management-business, in a discourse shared among NGOs, academics, the state and international bodies since the late 1990s in Latin American countries. However, the consolidation of this project was only possible through an everyday tactic and strategy of warfare that goes back to a much earlier experience in social reproduction (and its forms of negation), as the secondary students understood it. Este artículo pretende analizar desde del estadillo de la primera ola de las ocupaciones de los estudiantes de la secundaria de São Paulo en 2015 – en especial, las estrategias y elaboraciones que el movimiento generó frente a las del Estado en su articulación con otros actores sociales – hasta su fin, después de la segunda ola del movimiento en 2016, cuando fue reabsorbido en y por el discurso del protagonismo juvenil. Este análisis partió de la comprensión del movimiento de los estudiantes secundarios como trabajo político y del reconocimiento de los saberes que en él se produjo, lo que permitió rastrear la forma en que los cambios de la función de la escuela pública en curso se referían a un cambio estructural de gestión-empresarial en un discurso compartido entre ONGs, académicos, el Estado y organismos internacionales desde finales de la década de 1990 en los países latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, la consolidación de este proyecto solo fue posible a través de una táctica y estrategia de guerra que se remonta a una experiencia muy anterior de reproducción social (y sus formas de negación), tal como comprendieron los estudiantes de secundaria. Cet article cherche à analyser le déroulement des occupations des établissement d’enseignement par des lycéens de São Paulo en 2015, depuis l’éclosion de la première vague – plus précisément les stratégies et les élaborations que le mouvement a créées face à celles de l’État en coopération avec les autres acteurs sociaux – jusqu’à sa fin après la seconde vague du mouvement en 2016, lorsqu’il a été réabsorbé par le discours du protagonisme des jeunes. Cette analyse est basée sur la compréhension du mouvement des lycéens en tant que travail politique et de la reconnaissance des savoirs que ce dernier produit, ce qui a permis de tracer la manière dont les changements en cours de la fonction de l’école publique renvoyaient à un changement structurel de gestion entrepreneuriale dans un discours partagé entre les ONG, les académiciens, l’État et les organisations internationales depuis la fin des années 1990 dans les pays d’Amérique latine. Néanmoins, la consolidation de ce projet a été seulement possible au moyen d’une tactique et stratégie de guerre quotidienne qui remonte à une expérience plus ancienne de reproduction sociale (et sa forme de négation) comme l’ont compris les lycéens.

We examined associations between occupation and semen parameters in demonstrably fertile men in the Study for Future Families.Associations of occupation and workplace exposures with semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were assessed using generalized linear modeling.Lower sperm concentration and motility were seen in installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. Higher exposure to lead, and to other toxicants, was seen in occupations with lower mean sperm concentrations (prevalence ratio for lead: 4.1; pesticides/insecticides: 1.6; solvents: 1.4). Working with lead for more than 3 months was associated with lower sperm concentration, as was lead exposure outside of work.We found evidence in demonstrably fertile men for reduced sperm quality with lead, pesticide/herbicide, and solvent exposure. These results may identify occupations where protective measures against male reproductive toxicity might be warranted.

This paper analyses medium-term labour market trends from 1983 to 2018 in Italy relying on the “Rilevazione dei contratti di lavoro” from INPS archive which provides information on average salaries by professional category, age, gender, and geographical origin. Within an overall pattern of exacerbated wage inequalities, documented by means of different indicators, the empirical analysis highlights how the within-component of the wage variation prevails in the gender, age and geographical dimensions. By contrast, the between-component in terms of professional categories (trainees, blue-collar jobs, white-collar jobs, middle managers, executives) is the only between-variation attribute to prevail, corroborating the role played by a reduced class schema, excluding capitalists and the self-employed, in explaining wage inequality. Regression-based inequality estimations confirm the role played by managerial remuneration, the contradictory located class, in driving divergent patterns. Stratification of wage losses is recorded to be largely concentrated among blue-collar professional categories, women, youth, and in Southern regions.

International audience; BACKGROUND: The diverse and complex variations in the possible forms of health-work interactions are constantly reconfigured over the course of a person’s career. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: 1) assess the scope of the individual changes in working conditions; 2) examine conjoint changes in working conditions; 3) examine the links between these changes and back pain and fatigue. METHOD: Analyses were conducted using data from the French observatory EVREST. The variations for each individual (close to 8,000 in total) were studied by comparing data for each individual obtained at two dates at least four years apart within the period between 2010 and 2017. RESULTS: The frequency of the studied constraints was often similar at two dates (T1 and T2), but significantly higher for repetitive movements, working additional hours and interruptions which disrupt the work. The variations in physical constraints, intensity of work and lack of agency scores between the two timepoints are two-by-two positively correlated. Finally, respondents in the higher tertiles for any of these working condition scores at T2 had a higher probability of back pain or fatigue, compared to individuals in the lower tertiles at both timepoints. Being in a higher tertile at both dates corresponded to the highest odds-ratios for health complaints. CONCLUSION: From a “sustainability” perspective, these findings support treating this diversity of seniority in a profession and past experience at the same time as major decisions on production are made, rather than dealing with it as an afterthought.

Objectives. The goal of this study was to measure unionization in the direct care workforce and the relationship between unionization and earnings, looking closely at differences across race/ethnicity and gender. Methods. Using data from the Current Population Survey from 2010 to 2020, we first used logit analyses to predict the probability of unionization among direct care workers across race/ethnicity and gender. We then measured the relationship between unionization and weekly earnings. Results. We found that male (12%) and Black (14%) direct care workers were most likely to be unionized, followed by Hispanic and other direct care workers of color. Unionized direct care workers earn wages that are about 7.8% higher than nonunionized workers, but unionized workers of color earn lower rewards for unionization compared with White direct care workers. Conclusions. Unions are a mechanism for improving job quality in direct care work, and protecting workers’ rights to unionize and participate in collective bargaining equitably may be a way to stabilize and grow the direct care workforce. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1676–1684. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307022 )

The present study sought to apply an intersectional lens in predicting decent work (i.e., work that meets minimum standards for supporting worker dignity and livelihood). With a racially diverse sample of 302 women workers, we tested a moderated mediation model predicting decent work from economic constraints, experiences of sexism, experiences of racism, and the interaction of racism and sexism. Following psychology of working theory (PWT), we positioned work volition and career adaptability as mediators. Main effects were consistent with previous PWT theory and research, indicating that experiences of sexism and racism were important direct and indirect predictors of decent work. Interaction effects indicated that the interaction of sexism and racism predicted work volition and that the indirect effect of sexism on decent work was stronger at higher levels of racism. Results have implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to support women across racial backgrounds in securing decent work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

This paper systematically revisits prior meta-analytic conclusions about the criterion-related validity of personnel selection procedures, and particularly the effect of range restriction corrections on those validity estimates. Corrections for range restriction in meta-analyses of predictor-criterion relationships in personnel selection contexts typically involve the use of an artifact distribution. After outlining and critiquing five approaches that have commonly been used to create and apply range restriction artifact distributions, we conclude that each has significant issues that often result in substantial overcorrection and that therefore the validity of many selection procedures for predicting job performance has been substantially overestimated. Revisiting prior meta-analytic conclusions produces revised validity estimates. Key findings are that most of the same selection procedures that ranked high in prior summaries remain high in rank, but with mean validity estimates reduced by .10-.20 points. Structured interviews emerged as the top-ranked selection procedure. We also pair validity estimates with information about mean Black-White subgroup differences per selection procedure, providing information about validity-diversity tradeoffs. We conclude that our selection procedures remain useful, but selection predictor-criterion relationships are considerably lower than previously thought. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Odesa was one of the largest and most important cities in the Russian Empire. Numerous studies have addressed the economic development and social structure of Odesa, but there are some gaps in the knowledge of the social stratification during the nineteenth century. Although most studies of the social and economic histories of Ukraine provide qualitative or highly aggregated quantitative data, micro-data at the level of individuals and households in Ukraine are rare. This paper provides new micro-data from the 1897 census in Odesa. It is the first attempt to code occupations of Odesa workers according to the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO). Of the 2,435 individuals in the 457 sampled households analyzed, 1,443 individuals demonstrate 86 of the unique occupations coded with the international HISCO scheme. The analysis compares these HISCO occupations by the social estates, the gender, and the language of the surveyed individuals. The study confirms several old hypotheses but also unearths new findings regarding the number of urban females involved in service and sales occupations.

Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) for the treatment of ossification occupation of the lumbar spinal canal is technically demanding. The purpose of this study was to describe an endoscopic cave-in decompression technique in PETD for ossification occupation of the lumbar spinal canal and to report the clinical results.From May 2018 to June 2020, 23 consecutive cases, diagnosed in our institution as ventral ossification in the lumbar spinal canal and treated with PETD, were evaluated. The endoscopic cave-in decompression technique was performed. We analyzed the clinical outcomes on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Perioperative data and complications rate were also recorded.Mean follow-up was 15.7±2.8months. Mean preoperative VAS score for low-back pain was 5.65±1.43, and decreased to 0.57±0.5 at final follow-up. Mean preoperative VAS score for leg pain was 5.48±1.38, and decreased to 0.56±0.5 at final follow-up. Mean preoperative ODI score decreased from 33.04±5.28 preoperatively to 8.7±2.54 at last follow-up. One patient experienced transient postoperative hypoesthesia, and one developed a mild transient decline in muscle strength; both recovered progressively. Postoperative CT and MRI showed that the ossification was effectively removed and the nerve root and dural mater was completely decompressed in all cases.The endoscopic cave-in decompression technique in PETD is a safe and effective treatment method for selected patients with ossification occupation of the lumbar spinal canal.

Given the pressing issues of unemployment during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the underrecognized role of job-search self-regulation (JSSR) in general within career construction theory (CCT), it is socially and theoretically important to expand the career adaption model of job search by examining the role of JSSR in predicting job-search outcomes. However, a psychometrically sound measure of JSSR is lacking. Study 1 used a sample of U.S. unemployed individuals (

The burgeoning occupational callings literature has shown that feeling called to a job is associated with an array of positive job-, career-, and health-related outcomes. However, recent studies have begun to indicate that there may also be a "negative side" of callings. The present study builds on this emerging perspective to examine whether feeling called to a job makes helping professionals more vulnerable to the negative effects of acute stressors. Specifically, we integrated identity, cognitive rumination, and psychological detachment theories to explain how feeling called to one's job (i.e., the strength of one's calling intensity) might bolster the negative, indirect relationship between emotionally disturbing work and strain (i.e., mental exhaustion, sleep quality, and alcohol consumption) through negative work rumination. Results from a 10-week diary study with a national U.S. sample of 211 paramedics revealed that on weeks that paramedics experienced more emotionally disturbing work, they engaged in greater levels of negative work rumination, which in turn was associated with greater mental exhaustion and worse sleep quality, but not greater alcohol consumption. In addition, calling intensity moderated the indirect effect of emotionally disturbing work on both mental exhaustion and sleep quality, such that these indirect effects were stronger among those with higher (vs. lower) levels of calling intensity. These results provide evidence that employees who feel most called to their jobs may be particularly vulnerable to short-term negative outcomes associated with emotionally disturbing work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Background. Family caregivers are ever-present and crucial collaborators in the work of occupational therapists but are rarely the focus of their efforts. Purpose. This lecture will discuss the greater inclusion of family caregivers in occupational therapy and the exciting possibilities that emerge from this change. Key issues. Family caregivers are a unique client population. This position statement is supported by recent research on occupational therapists’ values and shifts towards an occupational participation approach in the profession. Working with this client population requires a nuanced understanding of their experience. Caregiving can be burdensome, but it can also create positive effects many of which can be identified and understood through a relational lens. Implications. Through a three-fold approach, occupational therapists can work with caregivers to locate and mitigate negative caregiving effects, discover, and build on positive effects, and further develop positive outcomes by encouraging and balancing caregiving and non-caregiving occupations.

Background: People living at home with advanced cancer wish to maintain and preserve domestic life, but they experience several barriers in their everyday occupations and thereby occupational performance. There is little knowledge of these barriers experienced by people living alone versus people living with someone. Objective/Aim: To investigate differences in self-perceived occupational performance and the prioritisation of getting self-reported problematic everyday occupations solved among people with advanced cancer, taking living status into consideration. Method: A cross-sectional study using baseline data from an RCT including 174 participants with advanced cancer living at home. Difficulty and priorisation of everyday occupations were assessed using the Individually Prioritised Problem Assessment (IPPA). Results: In total, 731 problematic everyday occupations were reported, mainly related to the categories of housework, self-care and leisure. Conclusions/significance: Overall, no statistically significant difference in self-reported occupational performance was found. However, people living alone perceived statistically significantly more frequently showering/bathing and doing laundry as difficult and therefore important to address. In contrast, people living with someone prioritised social interaction and home maintenance statistically significantly more frequently.

We examine how local labor markets shape the employment prospects of refugees in Germany, where refugees are assigned to regions through a dispersal policy. While it is known that the characteristics of these regions affect the overall employment probability of refugees, previous studies have not investigated how refugees’ chances of regaining their pre-migration occupation are affected by the local opportunities to find employment in these occupations. To address this gap, we use a large survey of refugees in Germany and link local-occupational labor market characteristics to their region of residence and pre-migration occupation. We decompose the effects of these detailed context characteristics by estimating linear probability regressions with and without fixed effects for regions and/or occupations. While our analyses show that the employment probability of refugees is indeed strongly influenced by the general local characteristics of their place of residence and general, nationwide characteristics of their pre-migration occupation, our analyses also show that the chances of refugees being employed in their pre-migration occupation are additionally driven by the local characteristics of their occupation. More specifically, our models reveal that a one standard deviation higher local share of foreigners in refugees’ pre-migration occupation increases the average probability of an occupational match by around 25 percent.

The Aurignacian levels of Crôt-du-Charnier at Solutré (Saône-et-Loire) were the object of a preventive excavation in 2004. This work yielded a considerable amount of faunal remains and thus confirmed the significant role of hunting and its associated technical activities at this site, such as butchery, hide working and the collection of bone materials. The nature of the lithic industry, composed of a small number of pieces, indicates that human groups came to the site with a toolkit that was manufactured in large part elsewhere. The abundance of bone remains and the scarcity of lithic artifacts raises the following question: does this site, whose topography favored the passage of animals and thus would have made it an attractive location for hunting, correspond to a specialized occupation complementary to a more long-term occupation elsewhere? In other words, how can we define the Aurignacian occupations of this site? Can we qualify them as “stops” or “camps”? The complexity of these definitions of the nature and function of prehistoric sites is discussed in the case study that we present here.

The aim of this study is to investigate which body parts are common musculoskeletal problems in hairdressers and to examine the relationship between upper extremity musculoskeletal problems and the level of occupational burnout. This cross-sectional study included 78 hairdressers with congenital or chronic musculoskeletal disease, no pregnancy, and no traumatic musculoskeletal problems in the last 6 months. After the demographic information of the participants was obtained, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (CMDQ) was used to determine the musculoskeletal system problems and the effects of these problems on work; Occupational burnout levels were evaluated with the Burnout Scale-Short Form (BS-SF). Of the participants, 26 (33.3%) were female hairdressers and 52 (66.7%) were male hairdressers. The body parts of the hairdressers with the highest musculoskeletal pain/suffering/discomfort were neck (n=46) and waist (n=45) regions. There was a moderate positive correlation between the musculoskeletal system problems and occupational burnout levels of the participants (r=0.387, p, Bu çalışmanın amacı, kuaförlerde kas-iskelet sistemi problemlerinin hangi vücut bölgelerinde sık görüldüğünü araştırmak ve üst ekstremite kas iskelet sistemi problemleri ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Kesitsel tipte tasarlanan bu çalışmaya konjenital kas iskelet sistemi hastalığı ve gebelik durumu olmayan, son 6 ay içinde travmatik kas iskelet sistemi problemi yaşamamış 78 kuaför dahil edildi. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri alındıktan sonra, Cornell Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlığı Anketi (CKİSRA) ile kas-iskelet sistemi bu problemleri ve problemlerin işe etkisi; Tükenmişlik Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (TÖ-KF) ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların 26’sı (%33,3) kadın, 52’si (%66,7) erkek kuaförüydü. Kuaförlerin kas iskelet sistemi ağrı/sızı/rahatsızlık hissinin en çok olduğu vücut bölgeleri boyun (n=46) ve bel (n=45) bölgeleriydi. Katılımcıların kas iskelet sistemi problemleri ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde orta düzey (r=0,387; p

Youth labour remained important well into the twentieth century, although it is often elusive in traditional sources. In this article, we investigate messengers – a category of occupational titles, including errand and office boys, which is thought of as youth jobs. We sketch the long-term development of the occupation by making use of digitised Swedish daily newspapers and discuss demand-side, supply-side and institutional factors for the disappearance of the occupation. Our investigation suggests that the messenger jobs reached their peak around 1945 and thereafter decreased to low levels in the 1960s. We find that employers looking for messengers were large organisations that needed in-house help with deliveries and simple office tasks. These employers originally aimed at young men aged 15–17 years. The minimum age requirement was not loosened over time; instead, employers began to announce for older workers. We interpret this as employers’ adapting to a situation where the supply of young messengers had decreased. Employers made their ads appealing by emphasising good working conditions and career prospects, indicating that there was still a demand for messengers despite the changing times.

Despite continued interest in gender (in)equality at work, Canadian research on gender occupational segregation stopped in the early 2000s. We revisit gender occupational segregation trends using newly developed harmonized occupational categories which resolve temporal changes in occupational classifications. Our analysis of the 1991-2016 Canadian Census Masterfiles finds gender occupational segregation, whether measured by the index of dissimilarity or Gini index, has steadily decreased since the 1990s. Yet the pace of its decline has slowed since 2000. This can be explained by the diminishing changes in vertical segregation, measured by inequality in earnings across occupations. Our results contribute to an ongoing debate about a stalled gender revolution. We also suggest new topics for future study.Malgré l'intérêt soutenu pour l'inégalité entre les sexes au travail, les recherches canadiennes sur la ségrégation professionnelle entre les sexes ont cessé au début des années 2000. Nous réexaminons les tendances en matière de ségrégation professionnelle entre les sexes à l'aide de catégories professionnelles harmonisées nouvellement développées qui résolvent les changements temporels dans les classifications professionnelles. Notre analyse des fichiers principaux du recensement canadien de 1991 à 2016 révèle que la ségrégation professionnelle entre les sexes, qu'elle soit mesurée par l'indice de dissimilarité ou l'indice de Gini, a diminué de façon constante depuis les années 1990. Pourtant, le rythme de son déclin a ralenti depuis 2000. Cela peut s'expliquer par la diminution des changements dans la ségrégation verticale, mesurée par l'inégalité des revenus entre les professions. Nos résultats contribuent au débat en cours sur l'enlisement de la révolution du genre. Nous suggérons également de nouveaux sujets d'étude pour l'avenir.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the extent to which Cochrane Musculoskeletal systematic reviews assess and analyze health equity considerations.MethodsWe included Cochrane Musculoskeletal systematic reviews that included trials with participants aged ≥ 50 years and that were published from 2015 to 2020. We assessed the extent to which reviews considered health equity in the description of the population in the PICO (Patient/Population – Intervention – Comparison/Comparator – Outcome) framework, data analysis (planned and conducted), description of participant characteristics, summary of findings, and applicability of results using the PROGRESS-Plus framework. The PROGRESS acronym stands for place of residence (rural or urban), race/ethnicity/culture/language, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social capital, and Plus represents age, disability, relationship features, time-dependent relationships, comorbidities, and health literacy.ResultsIn total, 52 systematic reviews met our inclusion criteria. At least 1 element of PROGRESS-Plus was considered in 90% (47/52) of the reviews regarding the description of participants and in 85% (44/52) of reviews regarding question formulation. For participant description, the most reported factors were age (47/52, 90%) and sex (45/52, 87%). In total, 8 (15%) reviews planned to analyze outcomes by sex, age, and comorbidities. Only 1 had sufficient data to carry this out. In total, 19 (37%) reviews discussed the applicability of the results to 1 or more PROGRESS-Plus factor, most frequently across sex (12/52, 23%) and age (9/52, 17%).ConclusionSex and age were the most reported PROGRESS-Plus factors in any sections of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal reviews. We suggest a template for reporting participant characteristics that authors of reviews believe may influence outcomes. This could help patients and practitioners make judgments about applicability.

The surge of opportunities available through the gig economy has increased the sizeable population of people who hold multiple jobs. Many of these multiple jobholders are full-time employees who have adopted side-hustles-income-generating work performed alongside full-time work. A core and ubiquitous feature of both full-time work and side-hustles is status, or membership in a social hierarchy. Although status has traditionally been investigated as an employee's enduring position in the social hierarchy at their full-time job, employees with side-hustles hold two distinct work-related statuses: status in their full-time job and status in their side-hustle. Having two statuses necessarily creates a situation in which employees' status is either consistent or inconsistent across roles. We investigate the implications of status inconsistency between side-hustles and full-time work for employees' stress, well-being, and performance. We assert that status inconsistency between side-hustles and full-time work requires employees to navigate stress-inducing tensions, such as incongruent role expectations and confusion regarding their sense of self. By extension, we propose that status inconsistency between side-hustles and full-time work promotes more role stress than occupying consistently low-status roles. In a four-wave field study of full-time employees with side-hustles, and their supervisors, we use polynomial regression analysis to test our predictions. We find that status inconsistency diminishes performance in full-time work via role stress and emotional exhaustion. Given the burgeoning gig economy and associated changes to how work is organized, our research has important and timely implications for multiple jobholders and their full-time work organizations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding the occupational characteristics of patients is not only related to patients' life and health, but also conducive to improving their happiness. However, there were no studies that had been conducted on the relationship between occupation characteristic and postoperative recovery in patients with spinal fractures. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the occupation characteristics of patients with thoracolumbar fracture and the characteristics of disease injury, treatment, and recovery so as to reduce the incidence and improve postoperative rehabilitation.Patients (n = 719) with thoracolumbar fractures were recruited. Patients were grouped according to the characteristic of occupations: unemployed group (n = 299), white-collar worker group (n = 20), and blue-collar worker group (n = 400). Data were collected, including the characteristics, injury and treatment information, and the recovery records for 1 year after operation. One-way ANOVA analysis, χMale, high-falling injuries and single segment injury (mainly T 11, T 12 and L2) were common in patients with thoracolumbar fractures, especially in the blue-collar worker group (70.8%, 78.3%, and 85.4%). Compared with the unemployed group, the patients in the white-collar worker group and blue-collar worker group had a higher proportion of young patients, a higher height and weight, a lesser rate of hypertension or diabetes. One week after injury, 73.4% of patients underwent surgery, with the blue-collar worker group accounted for the largest proportion. One month after surgery, 77.1% of patients were able to get out of bed, with the white-collar worker group accounted for the largest proportion. In the postoperative recovery information, patients in the blue-collar worker group were more likely to have severe low back pain (OR = 2.023, 95% CI: 1.440-2.284) and pain-disturbed sleep (OR = 2.287, 95% CI: 1.585-3.299) than those who in the unemployed group.Blue-collar workers, with a high risk of thoracolumbar fracture, have a higher incidence of low back leg pain and pain-disturbed sleep in the recovery after thoracolumbar fracture surgery, and this requires more attention.

The challenges of youth employment include providing appropriate job training and safe working conditions for women and men. Adolescents enrolled in the Work-oriented Training Path (WOTP) complete a practicum as part of their vocational preparation, notwithstanding learning difficulties or disabilities. This research-action study among this subpopulation used a method called the self-reflection interview (SRI). Developed in the field of ergonomics, it combines interviews and worksite observations to establish discussion prompts. This method is based on the principles of situated learning. The objective is to analyze the process of conducting SRIs with WOTP’s students in order to suggest adaptations for this specific population considering their challenges. SRIs were used to address gender stereotypes and occupational health and safety (OHS) risks, two learning targets. The study found that these dimensions are accurately addressed with this method. The findings confirm that the prompts and the method must be adapted to the population. Practitioner Summary The challenges of youth employment require appropriate job training and safe working conditions for women and men. The study used a reflective method called the selfreflection interview as a learning resource, based on situated learning. The study found that OHS and gender differentiation are accurately addressed with this method.

The potential for work to be a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recognized early in the pandemic based on the likelihood of work-related differences in exposures to COVID-19 in different occupations. Due to intense demands of the pandemic, implementation of recommendations to collect information on occupation in relation to COVID-19 has been uneven across the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate COVID-19 test positivity by occupation.We analyzed data collected from September 8 to November 30, 2020, by the Delphi Group at Carnegie Mellon University US COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey, offered daily to a random sample of US-based Facebook users aged 18 years or older, who were invited via a banner in their news feed. Our focus was ever testing positive for COVID-19 in respondents working outside the home for pay in the past 4 weeks.The major occupational groups of "Production", "Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance," "Construction and extraction," "Healthcare support," and "Food preparation and serving" had the five highest test positivity percentages (16.7%-14.4%). Highest detailed occupational categories (28.6%-19.1%) were "Massage therapist," "Food processing worker," "Bailiff, correctional officer, or jailer," "Funeral service worker," "First-line supervisor of production and operating workers," and "Nursing assistant or psychiatric aide." Differences in test positivity by occupation remained after adjustment for age, gender, and pre-existing medical conditions.Information on differences in test positivity by occupation can aid targeting of messaging for vaccination and testing and mitigation strategies for the current and future respiratory infection epidemics and pandemics. These results, obtained before availability of COVID-19 vaccines, can form a basis for comparison to evaluate impacts of vaccination and subsequent emergence of viral variants.

Objective This study aimed to estimate the impact of high physical work demands on expected labor market affiliation (ELMA) among men and women of different ages in the general working population. Methods After participating in the Danish Work Environment and Health study (2012, 2014, and/or 2016), 46 169 employees were followed for two years in national registers. Using multi-state modeling, taking all day-to-day transition probabilities of labor market affiliation into account (work, unemployment, sickness absence, temporary out, and permanently out), and performing multilevel adjustment, we estimated the prospective association between physical work demands (ergonomic index including 7 factors) and ELMA. Results During 104 896 person-years of follow-up, we identified of 439 045 transitions. Using low physical work demands as reference, higher physical work demands were associated with fewer days of active work (2–35 days) during 730 days of follow-up, and more days of sickness absence (4–26 days) and unemployment (ranging 1-9 days) among men and women of aged 40–49 and 50–64 years. Among men and women aged 18–39 years, high physical work demands only had minor and inconsistent impact on ELMA. Conclusions Analyzing multiple and highly detailed patterns of transition probabilities concerning labor market affiliation, we showed that reducing physical work demands is likely to increase the active working time and pre-vent high societal cost of sickness absence and unemployment, especially among middle-aged and older workers.

Summary Objective Past literature indicates that vibrato measurements of singers objectively changed (i.e., vibrato rate decreased and vibrato extent increased) from 1900 to the present day; however, historical audio recording technology may distort acoustic measurements of the voice output signal, including vibrato. As such, the listener's perception of historical singing may be influenced by the limitations of historical technology. This study attempts to show how the wax cylinder phonograph system—the oldest form of mass-produced audio recording technology—alters the recorded voice output signal of modern-day singers and, thus, provides an objective lens through which to study the effect(s) of historical audio recording technology on vibrato measurements. Methods Twenty professional Western opera singers sang a messa di voce on the vowel [a] and on the pitch C4 for male singers and C5 for female singers, three times into a flat-response omnidirectional microphone and onto an Edison Home Phonograph simultaneously. The middle 1–3 seconds (6–10 vibrato cycles) of each sample was analyzed for vibrato rate, vibrato extent, jitter (ddp), shimmer (dda), and fundamental frequency for each recording condition (wax cylinder phonograph or microphone). Steady-state and frequency-modulating sinewave test signals were also recorded under the multiple recording conditions. Results Results indicated no significant effect of recording condition on vibrato rate (mean [standard deviation], cylinder: 5.3 Hz [0.5], microphone: 5.3 Hz [0.5]) and no significant difference was found for mean fundamental frequency (cylinder: 389 Hz [137], microphone: 390 Hz [137]). A significant main effect of recording condition was found for vibrato extent (cylinder: ±103 cents [30], microphone: ±100 cents [31]). Additionally, mean jitter (ddp) (cylinder: 1.22% [1.09], microphone: 0.24% [0.12]) and mean shimmer (dda) (cylinder: 9.40% [4.90], microphone: 1.92% [0.94]) were significantly higher for the cylinder recording condition, indicating more cycle-to-cycle variability in the wax cylinder recorded signal. Analysis of test signals revealed similar patterns based on recording condition. Discussion This study validates past scholarly inquiry about vibrato measurements as extracted from digitized wax cylinder phonograph recordings by demonstrating that measured vibrato rate remains constant during both recording conditions. In other words, vibrato rate as measured from historical recordings can be viewed as an accurate representation of the historical singer being studied. Furthermore, it suggests that the value of prior vibrato extent measurements from these acoustic recordings may be slightly overestimated from the original voice output signals produced by singers near the beginning of the 20th century (i.e., a narrow vibrato extent might have been numerically smaller on average). Increased jitter and shimmer in the wax cylinder recording conditions may be indicative of nonlinearities in the phonograph recording or playback systems

Vascular dementia (DV) is the second cause of dementia with 15.8-20% of cases. Previous studies of the effect of occupation in DV do not show conclusive results, therefore, the objective was to analyze if the type of occupation can vary the risk of developing DV in those older than 55 years.In the ZARADEMP project, a community sample of 4,803 individuals were followed longitudinally in four waves. The occupation was classified following the National Classification of Occupations (CNO-11) and the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Different standardized instruments were used: the medical and psychiatric histories (History and Aetiology Schedule) and other risk factors (Mini-Mental Status Examination, Geriatric Mental State-AGECAT). For this study, we calculated incidence rates, incidence rate ratios and hazard ratios in multivariate Cox regression models, stratified by gender. For this study, we included 3,883 participants.In women, the risk of DV was doubled in Blue-collar workers, with a moderate effect (Cohen's d=0.54) and multiplying by 2.7 in Homeworks respect to White Collar with a moderate effect (Cohen's d=0.77), although they did not reach statistical significance. We did not observe the effect of occupation on the risk of DV in men.We have found a moderate but non-significant effect between occupation and DV risk in women. We found no effect of occupation on the risk of VD in males while other clinical factors (age, diabetes or body mass index) presented a clearer effect than the occupation.

We tested whether a short, online meaning intervention boosts momentary work engagement (MWE) through an increase in perceived work meaningfulness. In Study 1 (N = 227), employees who were asked to write why their work was meaningful subsequently experienced higher work meaningfulness and higher MWE compared to a control group. Work meaningfulness mediated the relationship between the intervention and MWE. Study 2, conducted among employees (N = 254), found that writing about how one's work serves a greater good (vs. how it advances personal career, vs. control) led to an increase in work meaningfulness, which consequently predicted MWE. The research examines a new tool to enhance work meaningfulness that can be easily and widely applied and that provides insight into how sources of meaningful work are related to work meaningfulness and to important occupational outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

BACKGROUND: The aging of the workforce is changing, but working conditions have not changed at the same exponential growth rate for senior workers. Such a situation can compromise the worker’s physical and cognitive capability, reducing the ability to perform work activities. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to understand the main functional capacity changes in senior workers in the automotive industry and to determine the contribution of working conditions on the decline of the functional capacity in senior workers. METHODS: To achieve the objectives of the study, a set of questionnaires (Sociodemographic Data, COPSOQ, Nordic Questionnaire, and Par-Q) and a battery of 4 functional capacity tests were used. Results: Work conditions, namely awkward postures, force demands and manual material handling, and age, were statistically associated to the functional decline in workers. Additionally, multiple linear regression showed that height, weight, seniority, and strength have predictive value to the handgrip decline (both positions HG2 and HG5). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that workers’ handgrip assessment should be considered as a future measure as an indicator of strength ability in the occupational field.

Background. Children with a specific learning disability (SLD) have deficits in everyday occupations along with executive function in addition to academic issues. Objective. The present study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) and the Four-Quadrant Model of Facilitated Learning (4QM) interventions on the participation in occupational performance and executive function skills in children with SLD. Method. This study was a single-case experimental design (multiple baselines) in which six children with SLD were randomly assigned to three groups. In the baseline phase, three groups of children underwent repeated executive function assessments using the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in the multiple baselines. In the intervention phase, all six mothers of children with SLD individually received OPC and 4QM interventions once a week for 14 sessions of 60 minutes and during this period, children were evaluated six more times for executive function skills according to SCWT and WCST. In addition, The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) at the beginning and the end of the baseline phase and the end of the intervention phase were completed by mothers of children with SLD. Results. More than 50% PND of the SCWT and WCST in the visual analysis graph’s information along with significant changes in COPM scores and large effect size of BRIEF subscales (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.8 ) in pre- and postintervention showed the effectiveness of OPC and 4QM on the participation in occupational performance and executive function skills in children with SLD. Conclusion. The results of the study support the effectiveness of OPC and 4QM interventions on children with SLD. However, research with more participants and experimental methods can provide further evidence.

Objective. Improper management of employees’ emotions has a great impact on work status and work efficiency, and emotional management has increasingly become a very important part of corporate human resource management. How to adjust the various emotions of employees, so that employees can work in a fuller and more passionate attitude, is a problem that enterprise managers need to consider. From the perspective of employees themselves, a good mood will also bring happiness and satisfaction to life and work. Only in this way can the company and the employees be satisfied with each other and continue to maintain the good development momentum of the company. Method. This paper proposes a new method of using virtual reality scenes to induce human emotions. Based on computer science and psychological cognitive science, a scene library of “virtual reality emotion induction system” is constructed. Emotion induction based on virtual reality scenes has better interactivity and generalization, as well as stronger immersion and user operability. Its emotional arousal is high, the data is reliable, and the interference of environmental factors in the induction process is weakened, and relatively objective emotional data can be obtained. The factors affecting the emotional management of the enterprise are investigated by means of a questionnaire survey, statistics and problems are found, and the objective problems existing in the emotional management work of the company are determined. According to the analysis, the problems are summarized, and it is believed that the company still has certain room for improvement and improvement potential in terms of corporate culture construction, emotional counseling system construction, and human resource career planning. In the research of this paper, through the combination of theory and practice, the enterprise’s emotional management work has been comprehensively analyzed, and the practical problems existing in its emotional management work have been found through questionnaires. Results/Discussion. In the field of enterprise human resource management, emotion management is always an eternal topic worthy of our attention. But unfortunately, emotional management has not been given enough attention by managers. Most companies often think that emotions are their own business. Employees should self-regulate, control, and tolerate themselves. They should not bring personal emotions to work and even think that emotional work is unprofessional. This kind of misunderstanding has led to the fact that emotional management has not received due attention and affirmation in many enterprises.

Paramedics, firefighters, police officers and other public safety personnel (PSP) as well as Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members are frequently exposed to stressors and demanding work environments. Although their specific work-related tasks may vary, a commonality between these occupations is the significant likelihood of repeated exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTE) over the course of their careers. Due in part to these repeated exposures, CAF members and PSP are at an elevated risk of mental health concerns including posttraumatic stress disorder. The purpose of this study was to obtain a more in-depth understanding of the trauma- and non-trauma-related experiences of active or retired PSP and CAF members that may be implicated in mental health issues and resultant treatment and recovery.Study participants were recruited during inpatient treatment at a private mental health and addictions inpatient hospital in Canada. We conducted and audiotaped semistructured focus groups and transcribed the discussions. Interpretive phenomenological analysis and thematic coding generated a coding scheme from which to identify concepts and linkages in the data.Analysis generated four primary themes: interpersonal relationships, personal identity, mental health toll and potential moral injury. A variety of subthemes were identified, including family dynamics, inability to trust, feelings of professional/personal betrayal, stigma within the CAF/PSP culture, increased negative emotions about self/others, and a reliance on comradery within the service.The information gathered is critical to understanding the perspectives of PSP and military members as the career stressors and related exposure to PPTE of these occupations are unique.Les ambulanciers paramédicaux, les pompiers, les policiers et autres membres du personnel de la sécurité publique (PSP) ainsi que les membres des Forces armées canadiennes (FAC) sont fréquemment exposés à des facteurs de stress et à des environnements de travail exigeants. Même si leurs tâches professionnelles varient, il existe un point commun entre ces métiers : la forte probabilité d’une exposition répétée à des événements potentiellement traumatisants sur le plan psychologique en cours de carrière. En partie à cause de ces expositions répétées, les membres des FAC et du PSP courent un risque accru de problèmes de santé mentale, notamment de trouble de stress post-traumatique. Cette étude visait à obtenir une meilleure compréhension des expériences, qu’elles soient liées à des traumatismes ou non, qui sont susceptibles d’avoir une incidence sur les problèmes de santé mentale ainsi que sur le traitement et le rétablissement subséquents de membres actifs ou retraités des FAC et des services de sécurité publique.Le recrutement des participants s’est fait parmi les patients séjournant dans un hôpital privé offrant des services sur place de traitement en santé mentale et dépendances. Nous avons mené des séances de discussion semi-dirigées en groupe, qui ont été enregistrées sur bande sonore puis transcrites. Une analyse phénoménologique interprétative et une analyse thématique ont permis d’établir un schéma de codage à partir duquel nous avons identifié les concepts et les associations qui ressortaient des données.L’analyse a mis en évidence quatre grands thèmes : relations interpersonnelles, identité personnelle, répercussions sur la santé mentale et blessure morale potentielle. Plusieurs sous-thèmes se sont dégagés, en particulier les dynamiques familiales, l’incapacité à faire confiance, des sentiments de trahison professionnelle ou personnelle, la stigmatisation dans la culture des FAC/du PSP, le renforcement des émotions négatives envers soi ou les autres et l’importance accordée à la camaraderie entre collègues.L’information recueillie est essentielle pour comprendre les points de vue du PSP et des militaires, car leurs métiers comportent des facteurs de stress spécifiques qui entraînent l’exposition à des événements potentiellement traumatisants sur le plan psychologique.Police, paramedics, other public safety personnel (PSP) and members of the Canadian Armed Forces witness more potentially psychologically traumatic events and report higher rates of mental health disorders than the general population. While seeking treatment at an inpatient facility, study participants described the impact of their military/PSP experiences on their relationships and mental health through semistructured focus group discussions. Relationships with family and friends, personal identity, mental health impact and potential moral injury are areas that influence selfperception, role evaluation and feelings of connectedness with society. Specific mental health programming may be beneficial for active and retired military members and PSP because of their unique career stressors.Les policiers, les ambulanciers paramédicaux et d’autres membres du personnel de la sécurité publique (PSP) ainsi que les membres des Forces armées canadiennes (FAC) sont plus souvent témoins d’événements potentiellement traumatisants sur le plan psychologique et connaissent des taux élevés de troubles de santé mentale par rapportb à la population générale. Au cours de leur séjour en établissement pour traitement, les participants à l’étude ont décrit les répercussions de leurs expériences en tant que militaires ou membres du PSP sur leurs relations et sur leur santé mentale. Ces sujets ont été abordés au cours de séances de discussion semi-dirigées en groupe. Les relations avec la famille et les amis, l’identité personnelle, les répercussions sur la santé mentale et des blessures morales potentielles ont une influence sur leur perception d’eux-mêmes, sur l’évaluation de leur rôle dans la société et sur leur sentiment d’appartenance à la société. Il serait avantageux d’offrir des programmes de santé mentale destinés spécialement aux membres actifs ou retraités des forces armées et des services de sécurité publique, en raison de facteurs de stress spécifiques liés à ces professions.

Purpose To design a model based on the three pillars of new institutional theory (NIT), that facilitates cross-country comparison of labor participation (LP) of people with chronic diseases. This model should support getting a comprehensive overview of factors representing country differences, understanding these differences and should support estimating cross-country transferability of policies and interventions in the context of Work Disability Prevention. Methods Based on NIT, a draft model was designed by means of (1) a literature review of empirical studies; (2) theoretical books and articles; (3) a focus group with six expert researchers. This draft model was (4) adapted in the context of academic education. Literature was searched on Web of Science and EBSCO host. Feedback on (use of) the model was received from the focus group, four different academic courses at 28 occasions and two international conferences. Results The cross-country comparison model for labor participation (CCC model for LP) of persons with chronic diseases is proposed consisting of five factors: (1) Legislation; (2) Norms & values in practice; (3) Culture; (4) Organization of WDP in practice; (5) Labor market characteristics. Within these factors and based on (in)direct empirical evidence, subfactors are distinguished. The feedback received led to renaming (sub) factors, improved visual representation and a tool for estimating transferability. Conclusions The CCC model for LP of persons with chronic diseases allows for a comprehensive understanding of country differences and cross-country transferability of policies and interventions. The CCC model can be used for other populations when population-specific subfactors are included.

Among singers, stigma surrounding voice injury can affect self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-worth and can lead to hesitancy to disclose vocal injuries for fear of damaging their career. In addition, stressors in the singer-physician relationship can work against positive interactions with physicians. To date, no study has documented the perspectives of singers about voice injury and their interactions with physicians through a qualitative approach. The purpose of this study was to a) examine the perspectives and experiences of college-aged singers regarding voice injury and visiting an ear, nose, and throat physician (ENT), and b) identify behaviors of singers and ENT physicians that establish a functional and healthy relationship with the other. Following an interpretive phenomenological design, 6 collegiate singers were interviewed using a semi-structured guide, and from the results of these interviews three emergent themes were generated: a) the emotional connection of a singer and their voice, b) the presence of stigma surrounding voice injury, and c) the barriers to effective relationships between a singer and an ENT physician.

Background Face mask use in the workplace has become widespread since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and has been anecdotally linked to adverse health consequences. Aims To examine reports of adverse health consequences of occupational face mask use received by The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) network before and after the pandemic onset. Methods THOR databases were searched to identify all cases of ill-health attributed to ‘face mask’ or similar suspected causative agent between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2021. Results Thirty two cases were identified in total, 18 reported by occupational physicians and 14 by dermatologists. Seventy-five per cent of cases were reported after the pandemic onset and 91% cases were in the health and social care sector. 25 of the 35 (71%) diagnoses were dermatological, the most frequent diagnoses being contact dermatitis (14 cases) and folliculitis/acne (6 cases). Of the seven respiratory diagnoses, four were exacerbation of pre-existing asthma. Conclusions There is evidence of an abrupt increase in reports of predominantly dermatological ill-health attributed to occupational face mask use since the start of the pandemic. Respiratory presentations have also occurred.

Background Work-related stress may lead to mental and physical illnesses. Emergency physicians may be particularly vulnerable to developing such diseases due to their extreme emotional working environment. Aims The purpose of the study was to analyse the hormonal stress burden of emergency physicians in the airborne rescue service to create an empirical basis for developing appropriate measures against chronic stress in the rescue service. Methods Three salivary cortisol samples were collected after awakening in 15 min intervals—each on a flight rescue day, a clinic day and a free day—to calculate the extent of the hormonal stress load of the emergency physicians. A nested linear mixed-model analysis was used in 40 cases to investigate hormonal stress. Furthermore, professional years and gender were included in the calculations. Results The mixed model showed neither a main effect for measurement time nor for day but a significant interaction effect (P = 0.002). The cortisol level rises strongly on the flight rescue and the clinic day, while on the free day it shows a moderate increase. Professional years and gender also proved to be statistically significant for the cortisol level of emergency physicians (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results show a significantly higher cortisol increase on working days compared with a free day, which indicates a stronger stress burden on working days of emergency physicians in the airborne rescue service. Future studies should examine the stress level of emergency physicians in more detail to prove whether the working conditions of emergency physicians need to be modified.

BACKGROUND: Job tenure is a useful economic indicator. To employees, longer job tenure creates higher rewards in pay, promotion opportunities, and job security. For employers, there are fewer costs in recruitment and retraining when job turnover is low. Marginalized populations, such as persons with disabilities, may find work in various economies, but retention is more difficult. They are often the first to be laid off in struggling economies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to highlight differences in individual and employment-related factors associated with job tenure for American workers with and without disabilities. METHODS: Using newly available survey data (N = 1,538), OLS regression is used to estimate job tenure for workers with and without disabilities, controlling for worker sociodemographic characteristics, a job quality index, and job characteristics. All disability types are examined. RESULTS: Multivariate results show that workers with disabilities have shorter job tenure than others when controlling for job quality, individual characteristics and job characteristics. CONCLUSION: Employees with disabilities have shorter job tenure than those without. Given the benefits of lengthened job tenure, further efforts should be made to explore this issue and to develop effective strategies that help those with disabilities retain jobs long term.

Objectives Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is consistently associated with lower cognitive function in later life. This study aims to distinguish the contribution of specific aspects of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage for memory performance in mid to late adulthood, with consideration for direct and indirect effects through education and occupation. Methods Data were from adults aged 50 to 80 years who completed the life history module in the 2006/2007 wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 4,553). The outcome, memory score, was based on word recall tests (range: 0–20 points). We used the g-formula to estimate direct and indirect effects of a composite variable for childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and its 4 individual components: lower-skilled occupation of the primary breadwinner, having few books in the home, overcrowding in the home, and lack of water and heating facilities in the home. Results Few books were the most consequential component of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage for later-life memory (total effect: −0.82 points for few books; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.04, −0.60), with roughly half being a direct effect. The total effect of a breadwinner in lower-skilled occupations was smaller but not significantly different from a few books (−0.67 points; 95% CI: −0.88, −0.46), while it was significantly smaller with overcrowding (−0.31 points; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.06). The latter 2 total effects were mostly mediated by education and occupation. Discussion A literate environment in the childhood home may have lasting direct effects on memory function in mid to later life, while parental occupation and overcrowding appear to influence memory primarily through educational and occupational pathways.

Health responses associated with occupational exposures can vary between men and women.This study reviewed the work injury and disability risks associated with similar types of occupational exposures for men and women within and across occupations.A systematic review was undertaken of observational studies published between 2009 and 2019. Studies were required to empirically compare men and women for associations between occupational exposures and work injury or disability outcomes. Included studies were appraised for methodological quality and medium to high rated studies were compared for risk differences between men and women.Of 14,006 records identified, 440 articles were assessed for methodological quality, and 33 medium to high rated studies were included and reviewed. Among all occupations, the association between physical exposures, job demands, noise, and repetitive tasks, and injury risk were stronger among men. The relationship between repetitive tasks and sickness absence was stronger among women. Most studies examining psychological exposures found no risk differences for men and women across occupations. Men were at higher injury risk in certain occupations in primary and secondary industry sectors involving physical exposures and some chemical/biological exposures. Women were at higher injury risk for the physical demands and repetitive tasks of health care and aluminum production occupations.This review found that men and women can have different work injury and disability risks, both across and within the same occupations, for some physical exposures and to a lesser extent for some chemical and biological exposures. These differences might be a result of occupation-specific task differences.

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) produced an advisory list identifying essential critical infrastructure workers (ECIW) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) response. The CISA advisory list is the most common national definition of ECIW but has not been mapped to United States (U.S.) Census industry codes (CICs) to readily identify these worker populations in public health data sources.We identified essential critical infrastructure industry designations corresponding to v4.0 of the CISA advisory list for all six-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes and cross-walked NAICS codes to CICs. CICs were grouped as essential, non-essential, or mixed essential/non-essential according to component NAICS industries. We also obtained national estimated population sizes for NAICS and Census industries and cross-tabulated Census industry and occupation codes to identify industry-occupation pairs.We produced and made publicly available spreadsheets containing essential industry designations corresponding to v4.0 of the CISA advisory list for NAICS and Census industry titles and codes and population estimates by six-digit NAICS industry, Census industry, and Census industry-occupation pair. The CISA advisory list is highly inclusive and contains most industries and U.S. workers; 71.0% of Census industries comprising 80.6% of workers and 80.7% of NAICS industries comprising 87.1% of workers were designated as essential.We identified workers in essential critical infrastructure industries as defined by CISA using standardized industry codes. These classifications may support public health interventions and analyses related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises.

Objectives: We estimate associations between unemployment trajectories from ages 27-49 and physical and mental health at age 50. Methods: Data are from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 ( N=6434). Group-based trajectory models are used to identify unemployment trajectories. Generalized linear models with a modified Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars (BCH) correction are used to regress health on unemployment trajectory groups. Results: We identified “Consistently Low (70%),” “Decreasing Mid-Career (18%),” and “Persistently High (12%)” unemployment trajectories. Experiencing Decreasing Mid-Career or Persistently High trajectories was associated with worse physical and mental health at age 50 than Consistently Low trajectories. Experiencing a Persistently High trajectory was associated with worse physical and mental health than a Decreasing Mid-Career trajectory. Discussion: Timing and likelihood of unemployment are associated with midlife health. Mid-Career unemployment is associated with worse physical and mental health at age 50, but not to the same degree as Persistently High unemployment.

We investigated whether certain occupations were over-represented among surgically treated carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar entrapment at the elbow, and if manual occupation affected surgical outcome.We included 9030 patients operated for CTS and 1269 for UNE registered in the Swedish National Quality Register for Hand Surgery (HAKIR) 2010-2016. Occupational data was retrieved from Statistics Sweden. Outcome was assessed using the QuickDASH questionnaire.In patients operated for CTS, there were more assistant nurses, attendants/care providers/personal assistants, nannies/student assistants, carpenters/bricklayers/construction workers, cleaners, nurses, and vehicle mechanics than in the general population. In the UNE population, assistant nurses and attendants/care providers/personal assistants were over-represented. Manual workers with CTS scored the preoperative QuickDASH higher than non-manual workers.Manual workers are overrepresented among surgically treated CTS and UNE. Manual workers with CTS have more symptoms preoperatively than non-manual workers.

Occupation-based literature has not explored the specific community-level occupational processes that support inclusion or exclusion of Latine older adults in senior centers. This study examined occupation at the community level and its role in the inclusion or exclusion of older adult Spanish speakers in a senior center community. In addition, it sought to examine potential roles for occupational therapy practice in this realm. A 6-month ethnographic study used interviews, observations, document review, group mapping activities, and collaborative analysis to explore occupation of a senior center as the community and staff welcomed older adult Spanish speakers. Being culturally proactive, considering values and interests, offering regular activities, and cross-group doing together encouraged cohesion and communal habits of inclusion. These tailored modes of community occupation benefit Spanish-speaking older adults. Occupational therapy practitioners have opportunities to utilize tailored community occupations to support community inclusion and cohesion for this population.

Sociologists have long been interested in the meaning workers derive from their jobs. The issue has garnered increasing academic and policy attention in recent years with the concept of "meaningful work," yet little is known about how social stratification relates to access to it. This paper addresses this issue by exploring how the meaningfulness of jobs-as rated by their incumbents-is stratified across classes and occupations in a national survey of 14,000 working adults in the United Kingdom. It finds modest differentials between classes, with those in routine and manual occupations reporting the lowest levels of meaningfulness and those in managerial and professional occupations and small employers and own account workers reporting the highest levels. Detailed job attributes (e.g., job complexity and development opportunities) explain much of the differences in meaningfulness between classes and occupations, and much of the overall variance in meaningfulness. The main exception is the specific case of how useful workers perceive their jobs to be for society: A handful of occupations relating to health, social care, and protective services which cut across classes stand out from all other occupations. The paper concludes that the modest stratification between classes and occupations in meaningful work is largely due to disparities in underlying job complexity and development opportunities. The extent to which these aspects of work can be improved, and so meaningfulness, especially in routine and manual occupations, is an open, yet urgent, question.

BACKGROUND: The intellectually demanding modern workplace is often dependent on good cognitive health, yet there is little understanding of how neurocognitive dysfunction related to HIV presents in employed individuals working in high risk vocations like driving. HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment is also associated with poorer long term cognitive, health and employment outcomes. SETTING: This study, set in Cape Town, South Africa, assessed the effects of HIV on neuropsychological test performance in employed male professional drivers. METHOD: We administered a neuropsychological test battery spanning seven cognitive domains and obtained behavioral data, anthropometry, and medical biomarkers from three groups of professional drivers (68 men with HIV, 55 men with cardiovascular risk, and 81 controls). We compared the drivers’ cognitive profiles, and used multiple regression modelling to investigate whether between-group differences persisted after considering potentially confounding sociodemographic and clinical variables (i.e., income, home language, depression, and Framingham Risk Score). RESULTS: Relative to other study participants, professional drivers with HIV performed significantly more poorly on tests assessing processing speed (p

International audience; ObjectivesTo describe psychosocial constraints and mental health of hospital workers, and to identify the psychosocial constraints significantly associated with mental health difficulties, especially in two groups: caregivers and other hospital workers.MethodData about working conditions and health status collected by the Evrest National observatory in 2018–2019 during occupational health consultation were used. Psychosocial constraints and mental health among caregivers, other hospital workers and non-hospital workers were described.ResultsThere were 1251 hospital workers (843 caregivers, 408 other hospital workers) and 25 129 other workers. Intensity and working time (time pressure, extra working time, missing or shortening a meal), and ethical dilemmas (not having the means to ensure high-quality work, too rapidly handling a procedure that would require more painstaking care) were significantly more reported by the caregivers than by the other hospital workers (50.8% vs 44.2%, 43.4% vs 32.5%, 47.2% vs 17.2%, 21.4% vs 16.4% and 41.5% vs 29.0% respectively). Prevalence of psychological distress was not significantly higher for caregivers (12.3%) than for other hospital workers (12.4%) but was significantly higher than for other workers (7.3%). For caregivers, factors significantly associated with psychological distress were time pressure (Odds Ratio adjusted on sociodemographic factors (OR) = 2.33 CI95% [1.35–4.04]), “difficulties to reconcile private life and work life” (OR = 2.95 [1.54–5.69]), “work not recognized in the professional setting” (OR = 1.89 [1.08–3.31]) and “fear of losing one's job” (OR = 2.98 [1.53–5.8]). For other hospital workers, they were “difficulties to reconcile private life and work life (OR = 2.76 [1.04–7.30]), “insufficient possibilities of mutual aid” (OR = 2.85 [1.24–6.53] and “not having the means to ensure high-quality work” (OR = 3.42 [1.62–7.21]).ConclusionFactors significantly associated with psychological distress were not the same for caregivers and other hospital workers, nor were they the most frequently reported. Detailed description of the constraints according to group of workers could help to develop a high-priority preventive program regarding psychosocial risk factors.; ObjectifsDécrire les contraintes psychosociales et la santé mentale des travailleurs hospitaliers et identifier les contraintes significativement associées à des troubles neuropsychiques, en particulier chez les soignants et les autres salariés hospitaliers.MéthodeLes données collectées par l'observatoire national Evrest durant les consultations de santé au travail en 2018-2019 ont été utilisées. Les contraintes psychosociales et la santé mentale ont été décrites parmi les personnels hospitaliers soignants, les autres salariés hospitaliers et les travailleurs non hospitaliers.RésultatsLa population d'étude comprenait 1 251 travailleurs hospitaliers (843 soignants, 408 non soignants) et 25 129 autres travailleurs. L'intensité et le temps de travail (forte pression temporelle, dépasser les horaires normaux, sauter ou écourter un repas), les conflits de valeur (ne pas avoir les moyens de faire un travail de qualité, traiter trop vite une opération qui demanderait davantage de soin) étaient significativement plus rapportés par les soignants que par les non soignants (respectivement 50,8% vs 44,2%, 43,4% vs 32,5%, 47,2% vs 17,2%, 21,4% vs 16,4% and 41,5% vs 29,0%). La prévalence des troubles neuropsychiques n'était pas significativement différente entre les soignants (12,3%) et les non soignants (12,4%), mais était significativement plus importante que chez les autres travailleurs (7,3%). Chez les soignants, les facteurs significativement associés à la présence de troubles neuropsychiques étaient la forte pression temporelle (OR = 2,33 IC95% [1,35–4,04]), les difficultés pour concilier vie privée et vie professionnelle (OR = 2,95 [1,54–5,69]), l'absence de reconnaissance par l'entourage professionnel (OR = 1.89 [1.08–3.31]) et la peur de perdre son travail (OR = 2,98 [1,53–5,8]). Pour les autres travailleurs hospitaliers, il s'agissait des difficultés pour concilier vies privée et professionnelle (OR = 2,76 [1,04–7,30]), de manquer d'entraide (OR = 2,85 [1,24–6,53] et manquer de moyens pour faire un travail de qualité (OR = 3,42 [1,62–7,21]).ConclusionsLes facteurs associés aux troubles neuropsychiques ne sont pas les mêmes chez les soignants et les autres travailleurs hospitaliers. Il ne s'agit pas non plus des facteurs les plus fréquemment rapportés. La description détaillée des facteurs selon le groupe de travailleurs peut être utilisée pour cibler les actions de prévention prioritaires en termes de risque psychosociaux.