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Air embolism is a rare complication of intraoperative use of hydrogen peroxide. We present the case of a young girl who underwent surgery for septic nonunion of the femur and developed this complication postoperatively. Outcome was fortunately favorable. A review of the surgery and anesthesia literature revealed the pathogenic mechanism of this type of accident together with the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic practices. We propose here a series of preventive measures based on our experience and data in the literature: inform the anesthetist before using hydrogen peroxide, use a cup instead of a syringe for administrating hydrogen peroxide and avoid use in deep highly vascularized cavities.

The preparation of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/-Ag powders by a sol-gel method and the characterization of these powders and also pellets made from these powders is presented. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that the silver is highly dispersed in the sample. However, the size of the silver particles in the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ matrix depends largely on the silver concentration in the sample. For low concentrations, the silver particles have sizes of area 10 nm and for higher concentrations the silver particle is larger. The TEM investigations of the powders shows fibre structures for the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x /-Ag composite. This structure is different from the structures usually observed in the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ system. The microanalysis of these fibres shows that they possess a composition of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/, The oxygenation of the samples seems easier in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/-Ag composites. The room temperature electrical resistivity of the pellets is decreased by the addition of silver but no enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature is observed.

Neuropathic pain exists in children and its incidence is often underestimated due to the lack of knowledge on the existence and the diagnosis of this pain. Although the semiological characteristics can be compared to those of the adult (allodynia, hypoesthesia, burning and stabbing sensations), their etiology often differs, and pain treatments are more limited because of a lack of pharmacological data and the absence of clinical studies. Therapeutic management is sometimes insufficient and requires better knowledge of this entity. Based on the June 2009 recommendations of the French Agency for Food and Drug Safety (Afssaps) (drug therapy in acute and chronic pain in children), this article presents a review of the data available in the literature on the subject, taking into account expert opinion and proposing clinical recommendations of good practice for the recognition and the treatment of neuropathic pain in children.

EVENDOL est une echelle de douleur, validee aux urgences pediatriques pour l'enfant de 0 a 7ans. L'emploi post operatoire necessite une etape de validation, objectif de cette etude. Dans ce travail seront presentes les resultats de validation a Rouen en salle de reveil, sur les inclusions realisees jusqu'en avril 2012. C'est une etude prospective, de juillet 2011 a juillet 2012, multicentrique (Rouen, Trousseau, Besancon), incluant les enfants de moins de 8 ans, operes pour un acte programme ou non. Les enfants en detresse vitale, ou presentant un handicap n'etaient pas inclus. Le recueil de donnees debute a l'arrivee au bloc operatoire, et se poursuit 24 heures. Il comprend differentes echelles de douleur (FLACC, CHEOPS, Amiel-Tison, EN attribuee, EVENDOL soignant et chercheur, FSP-R) a differents temps, en salle de reveil et en hospitalisation. 102 enfants ont ete inclus. La consistance interne de l'echelle (coefficient de Cronbach >0,7) et le coefficient de correlation intra-classe (>0.79) montrent une bonne fiabilite de l'echelle pour quasiment tous les temps. La validation de construction est bonne avec une variation significative des scores EVENDOL apres administration d'un antalgique (p

Introduction Devant des telangiectasies et des malformations arterio-veineuses, la maladie de Rendu Osler doit etre recherchee des l’enfance. Nous rapportons le cas d’un diagnostic differentiel. Cas clinique A. âgee de 2 ans, a des antecedents de telangiectasies et d’hyperplasie nodulaire focale hepatique. Elle est hospitalisee pour hemoptysies mineures recurrentes. Les investigations repetees ORL, bronchiques et digestives n’ont pas retrouvees l’origine du saignement. La TDM thoracique montre une anomalie arterielle pulmonaire basale gauche. La survenue d’une hemoptysie abondante a ete exploree et traitee par arteriographie interventionnelle avec embolisation de deux branches de l’artere pulmonaire gauche. Deux mois plus tard, la recidive d’une hemoptysie met en jeu le pronostic vital. Apres echec de 2 embolisations du lobe inferieur gauche, une lobectomie d’hemostase est realisee. L’enfant va bien 1 an apres. Diagnostic Absence de mutations en faveur d’une maladie de Rendu Osler. L’anatomopathologie montre des malformations arterio-veineuses pulmonaire de gros calibre. Conclusion L’echec d’embolisation est explique par la dysplasie vasculaire disseminee. Cette derniere est une maladie rare, de diagnostic difficile et dont on ne connait pas l’evolution.

Objectif Les formes pediatriques du syndrome douloureux regional complexe de type I (SDRC I) sont etudiees depuis quelques annees. Cependant, les modalites de prise en charge restent discutees. Nous avons evalue l’efficacite d’une approche multidisciplinaire associant kinesitherapie, suivi psychologique et traitement antalgique. Patients et Methodes Etude retrospective de tous les enfants, suivis au CHRU de Rouen de juillet 2000 a decembre 2006, pour un SDRC I, definipar les criteres de Merskey et Bogduk. Les parametres analyses concernaient les caracteristiques des patients, leurs symptomes, le facteur declenchant, le contexte psycho-socio-familial, la duree d’evolution, le traitement, les examens complementaires realises. Resultats 55 SDRC I ont ete suivis entre 2000 et 2006, soit 47 enfants (42 filles et 5 garcons), d’âge moyen 12,6 ans. Le SDRC touchait le membre inferieur dans 78 % des cas et faisait suite a un traumatisme, souvent mineur, dans 65 % des cas. Le delai avant la 1re consultation etait de 2.74 ± 4.69 mois. Les symptomes etaient essentiellement subjectifs. Des problemes psycho-sociaux etaient mentionnes chez 74 % des enfants. 37 scintigraphies ont ete realisees (12 hyperfixantes, 14 hypofixantes). La prise en charge « kinesitherapie-psychologueantalgique » a ete efficace chez 62 % des patients en 2.57 ± 4.38 mois. 24 % n’ont pas beneficie du suivi psychologique, sans difference significative sur l’evolution. 14 % des patients ont necessite d’autres traitements. Il n’y avait pas de difference d’evolution en fonction de la fixation scintigraphique. Conclusion Notre etude confirme l’efficacite d’une prise en charge multidisciplinaire du SDRC I de l’enfant et incite a eviter des methods therapeutiques plus invasives.

Layered zirconium hydrogenophosphates such as α and β Zr(HPO4)2 have been studied with the idea to introduce redox-type transition metal cations as chromium either in the interlayer void space (d = 0.76 and 0.95 nm, respectively) by cationic exchange or deposited on the crystallites by impregnation. Pure CrPO4 and Cr2O3 and Cr2O3 impregnated on different supports as SiO2, ZrO2, ZrO2O7 have also been studied for comparison. It has been observed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane into ethylene at 550°C that Cr impregnated on ° Zr(HPO4)2 calcined at 500°C and CrPO4 are the most efficient catalysts with 20 to 30% conversion and 50 to 60% selectivity in ethylene. All other exchanged and/or impregnated samples were shown to be less active and to yield total oxidation. A comparative and complementary study by UV-vis and ESR techniques indicates that isolated Cr3+ cations and/or small Cr3+ clusters are responsible for the better catalytic behavior while Cr2O3 as bulk material or as large crystallites deposited on any of the supports studied lead much more to total oxidation or at least to COx. This is a new example of the sensitivity of partial oxidation reactions to the structure of the oxide catalyst.

Summary Two batches of V 2 O 5 grains with different morphologies have been used to prepare two families of VPO catalysts according to the “organic medium” procedure. The morphological differences observed along the chain V 2 O 5 - VOHPO 4 , 0.5 H 2 O - VPO catalysts have been studied. The catalytic differences are compared through two catalysts representative of the two families. They are explained by differences in the repartition of VOPO 4 domains on specific faces of (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 crystals.

Bulk V 2 O 5 and V 2 O 5 /SiO 2 catalysts have been studied in the ethane oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. The surface characterization and the reactivity of these catalysts have been investigated using microcalorimetry linked to other techniques, such as volumetry or thermogravimetry. The number of acid sites of the supported catalysts and the initial heats of ammonia adsorption were found to increase with vanadium loading. The interaction with the support was enhanced after catalytic reaction as evidenced by the detection of new strong Lewis acid sites by DRIFT spectroscopy measurements and by higher heats of ammonia adsorption.