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Powder bed fusion (PBF) processes enable the manufacturing of complex components in a time- and cost-efficient manner. Especially lattice structures are currently focused since they show varying mechanical properties, including different deformation and damage behaviors, which can be used to locally tailor the mechanical behavior. However, the present process-structure-property relationships are highly complex and have to be understood in detail in order to enable an implementation of PBF manufactured lattice structures in safety-relevant applications. Within the present work Ti6Al4V lattice structures were manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-EB/M). Based on the classification of bending- and stretch-dominated deformation behavior, two different lattice types, i.e. body-centered cubic like (BCC-) and face-centered cubic like (F2CCZ) structures were selected. Microstructural features were detected to evaluate if potential different microstructures can occur due to different lattice types and to answer the question if microstructural features might contribute to the mechanical behavior shown in this work. Furthermore, X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT) analysis were carried out to enable a comparison between the computer-aided designed (CAD) and as-built geometry. For mechanical characterization, quasi-static and cyclic tests were used. In particular, the BCC lattice type showed a more ductile material behavior whereby higher stiffness and strength was determined for the F2CCZ lattice type. Additionally, different in-situ measurement techniques such as direct current potential drop system and digital image correlation could be deployed to describe the damage progress both under quasi-static and cyclic loading., Journal of materials research and technology;Vol. 22, January–February 2023, Pages 2111-2130

Nowadays, the additive manufacturing process had significant attention due to its great advantages that are being used for developing products and producing prototypes. This technology overcomes the various drawbacks of existing techniques and it becomes the most efficient approach. In the industrial sector, this technology is most important for individual designing products and extended with different functions. The performance of additively manufactured parts, on the other hand, is largely influenced by their surface integrity and dimensional accuracy. The surface integrity is an important issue because the additively manufactured products are affected by staircase effects resulting from layer-by-layer manufacturing. The rapid prototyping contains multiple methods such as VAT Photopolymerization and Poor surface quality is caused by the staircase effect in all additive manufacturing processes so therefore, the various post-processing efforts and controlling different process parameters of additive manufacturing are necessary on the produced component for improving surface quality and reducing surface roughness. To focus on improving the finish of an additively manufactured part's surface, there are numerous methods presented. This research described the various existing approaches of surface finishing with various efficacies such as reduction of surface roughness value, mechanical strength, and dimensional accuracy. Current post-processing methods for improving the surface characteristics of additively manufactured parts are discussed, with a classification based on the processes' mechanisms.

A cost-effective stereolithography for medium-scale components is developed to fabricate 3D components with high build speed and resolution from photo-curable resin. The developed SLA utilizes a focused light beam of wavelength range (300 nm–700 nm) coming from the DLP projector and passes through the objective lens and finally imposed on the platform containing a layer of photo-curable resin. After focusing the light beam on the liquid resin layer, the photo-polymerization reaction occurs and the liquid resin becomes solid. Thus, the 3D object is fabricated layer by layer curing of liquid resin. The photopolymer used in this experimentation is polyethylene glycol di-acrylate and Irgacure 784 as photo-initiator. The Creo 3.0 software is used for modelling of 3D objects. A special MATLAB code is developed for slicing of the 3D model and displaying the sliced image one by one through DLP projector. The Arduino microcontroller with stepper motor and ball screw is used to control the motion of Z-stage platform. The Creation workshop software is also used to control motion of the Z-stage and period to display the sliced images through DLP projector. The medium-scale 3D objects with rectangular, square, and circular cross-sections are obtained by curing the aforementioned photo-curable resin. It is observed that the 3D objects are best cured for two seconds curing time with 0.1 mm curing depth along Z-axis.

E-learning or online learning are more attractive these days, so competence is needed in developing learning object materials (LOM), but the ability to LOM is not widely owned by developers. The Education Technology Study Program has a graduate profile, among others, as a developer of learning media for innovative types of learning, one of which is able to develop a variety of LOM according to the needs of online learning or e-learning. To achieve these needs by developing Microlearning regarding the production steps of various LOM. Microlearning development were chosen because students are currently experiencing changes in learning styles, which tend to access and enjoy learning materials that have a short duration, focus or contain direct exposure that is in accordance with learning objectives, and can be accessed by mobile. This study uses the Rapid Prototyping Model with 5 stages: Assess Needs and Analyze Content, Set Objectives, Construct Prototype (design), Utilize Prototype (research), and Installing and Maintain System. From this stage, this research has publication outputs in national journals, Gamification products and IPR. Abstrak E-learning ataupun online learning yang semakin diminati, maka dibutuhkan kompetensi dalam mengembangan learning object materials (LOM), namun kemampuan mengembangkan LOM belum banyak dimiliki oleh para pengembang. Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan memiliki profil lulusan antara lain sebagai pengembang media pembelajaran untuk jenis pembelajaran inovatif, salah satunya mampu untuk mengembangkan ragam LOM sesuai kebutuhan pembelajaran online atau elearning. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengembangan Microlearning mengenai langkah produksi ragam LOM. Upaya pengembangan Microlearning dipilih dikarenakan, peserta didik saat ini sudah mengalami perubahan gaya belajar, yaitu cenderung mengakses dan menikmati bahan belajar yang memiliki durasi singkat, fokus atau berisi paparan langsung yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran, serta dapat diakses dengan mobile. Penelitian ini menggunakan Model Rapid Prototyping dengan 5 tahapannya, yaitu : Assess Needs and Analyze Content, Set Objectives, Construct Prototype (design), Utilize Prototype (research), dan Installing and Maintain System. Dari tahapan tersebut, penelitian ini memiliki Luaran publikasi pada jurnal nasional, produk Gamifikasi dan HKI.

The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred throughout the world has hampered the world of education in carrying out the learning process. It requires the world of education to make rapid changes to the concept of learning so that the results of the learning process remain following the curriculum. However, during a pandemic, students are forced to study from home. Of course, this limits the essence of the practicum, which has to be done in the laboratory because students need interaction activities with machines. Augmented reality (A.R.) is a technology that allows users to interact with virtual objects. In this study, the application design is carried out using the rapid prototyping method, which can quickly accommodate the application development process. This study proves that AR-based applications can increase the understanding of 58% of students about the use of lathe, milling and 3D printing machines.

NORI és un sistema d’adquisició i anàlisi de dades provinents de sensors analògics. Durant el desenvolupament d’aquest projecte, s’ha implementat tant el hardware com el software d’aquesta eina, enfocada en el tractament de senyals generats per un detector d’absorbància d’un sistema cromatogràfic. Gràcies a l’optimització dels diferents algoritmes que la conformen, NORI és capaç d’obtenir masses moleculars de polímers i transmetre aquesta informació a un altre ordinador fix del laboratori. Des d’un punt de vista electrònic, el nucli de NORI és un ordinador de placa única Raspberry Pi, que executa les accions juntament amb els seus perifèrics. Les dades entren al sistema i són transformades en bits mitjançant el xip MCP3008, un convertidor analògic- digital ubicat entre el sensor i la placa. Els components del hardware de NORI operen a partir de les instruccions que obtenen dels diferents programes desenvolupats en Python. Aquests programes conformen una interfície gràfica anomenada CODIUM, que permet la comunicació entre el sistema i l’usuari. Gràcies a CODIUM, l’usuari és capaç de configurar els paràmetres de cada experiment i analitzar els resultats de manera automatitzada. A més, s’ha desenvolupat CODIUM File Transfer, una extensió de la interfície que permet enviar els resultats de manera segura, senzilla i eficient. Aquests desenvolupaments s’han posat a prova en diferents entorns de treball amb múltiples sensors i condicions experimentals. D’aquesta manera, s’ha pogut demostrar que NORI permet adquirir dades provinents d’una gran varietat de sensors i que constitueix una solució viable per a equips de cromatografia NORI es un sistema de adquisición y análisis de datos provenientes de sensores analógicos. Durante el desarrollo de este proyecto, se ha implementado tanto el hardware como el software de esta herramienta, enfocada en el tratamiento de señales generadas mediante un detector de absorbancia de un sistema cromatográfico. Mediante la optimización de los distintos algoritmos que la conforman, NORI es capaz de obtener masas moleculares de polímeros y transmitir esta información a otro ordenador fijo del laboratorio. Des de un punto de vista electrónico, el núcleo de NORI es un ordenador de placa única Raspberry Pi, que ejecuta las acciones junto con sus periféricos. Los datos ingresan al sistema y son transformados en bits mediante el chip MCP3008, un convertidor analógico- digital ubicado entre el sensor y la placa. Los componentes del hardware de NORI operan a partir de las instrucciones que obtienen de los distintos programas desarrollados en Python. Estos programas conforman una interfaz gráfica llamada CODIUM, que permite la comunicación entre el sistema y el usuario. Gracias a CODIUM, el usuario es capaz de configurar los parámetros de cada experimento y analizar los resultados de manera automatizada. Además, se ha desarrollado CODIUM File Transfer, una extensión de la interfaz que permite enviar los resultados de manera segura, sencilla y eficaz. Estos desarrollos se han puesto a prueba en distintos entornos de trabajo con múltiples sensores y condiciones experimentales. De esta manera, se ha podido demostrar que NORI permite adquirir datos provenientes de una gran variedad de sensores y que constituye una solución viable para equipos de cromatografía NORI is a data acquisition system capable of obtaining and analyzing information from analog sensors. During the course of this project, both the hardware and software of the tool have been implemented, with a focus on processing signals generated by an absorbance detector in a chromatographic system. By optimizing the various algorithms that comprise NORI, it can accurately determine the molecular mass of polymers and transmit this information to another computer within the laboratory. From an electronic perspective, NORI's core is a Raspberry Pi single-board computer that executes actions together with its peripherals. Data enters the system and converts into bits using the MCP3008 chip, an analog-to-digital converter located between the sensor and the board. NORI's hardware components operate based on instructions derived from various programs developed in Python. These programs collectively form a graphical interface called CODIUM, facilitating communication between the system and the user. Through CODIUM, users can configure experiment parameters and automate result analysis. Additionally, CODIUM File Transfer, an extension of the main interface, has been developed to transmit results securely, simply, and efficiently. The implemented technology has been thoroughly tested in diverse environments, utilizing multiple sensors and experimental conditions. This testing has not only demonstrated NORI's capability to acquire data from a wide variety of sensors but also validated its suitability as a viable solution for chromatography equipment

Aquest treball aborda el disseny i muntatge d’un prototip i la creació d’un sistema original capaç de mesurar la distància a una font sonora exclusivament a partir del senyal captat per un o més micròfons i tractant aquest senyal de manera adequada, amb l’objectiu de poder aplicar aquest sistema a la determinació de l’angle existent entre un robot mòbil i una persona que interaccioni amb ell amb unes distàncies predeterminades. El senyal de la font és d’una sola freqüència, també coneguda. El disseny del prototip consta d’una primera etapa analògica, que du a terme l’amplificació, el filtrat i la rectificació del senyal, i d’una segona etapa digital que s’encarrega de convertir la lectura del nivell de pressió sonora captat a voltatge mesurable. Paral·lelament al desenvolupament del prototip hi ha una important part de presa de mesures i d’estudi de les dades obtingudes d’un model teòric com pràctic per tal d’estudiar l’abast de la fórmula de conversió que s’utilitzarà. Finalment es comprovarà el funcionament del prototip dissenyat. Com a requisit per a poder desenvolupar el projecte es contempla la recerca d’informació i l’estudi de les diverses tecnologies i aparells, així com del marc teòric que l’engloba, és a dir, tot el referent a com es transmet el so i les diverses maneres de caracteritzar-lo Este trabajo aborda el diseño y montaje de un prototipo y la creación de un sistema original capaz de mesurar la distancia a una fuente sonora exclusivamente a partir de la señal captada por uno o más micrófonos y tratando esta señal de manera adecuada, con el objetivo de poder aplicar este sistema a la determinación del ángulo existente entre un robot móvil y una persona que interaccione con él con unas distancias predeterminadas. La señal de la fuente es de una sola frecuencia, también conocida. El diseño del prototipo consta de una primera etapa analógica, que lleva a cabo la amplificación, el filtrado y la rectificación de la señal, y de una segunda etapa digital que se encarga de convertir la lectura del nivel de presión sonora captado a voltaje medible. Paralelamente al desarrollo del prototipo, hay una importante parte de toma de medidas y de estudio de los datos obtenidos de un modelo tanto teórico como práctico para estudiar el alcance de la fórmula de conversión que se utilizará. Finalmente se comprobará el funcionamiento del prototipo diseñado. Como requisito para poder desarrollar el proyecto se contempla la investigación de información y el estudio de las varias tecnologías y aparatos, así como del marco teórico que lo engloba, es decir, todo lo en lo referente a cómo se transmite el sonido y las diversas maneras de caracterizarlo This work deals with the design and assembly of a prototype and the creation of an original system capable of measuring the distance to a sound source exclusively from the signal captured by one or more microphones and treating this signal adequately, with the aim of applying this system to the determination of the existing angle between a moving robot and a person interacting with it with predetermined distances. The source signal is a single frequency, also known. The prototype design consists of a first stage analogue, which performs amplified, filtered and corrected signal, and a second stage digital which converts the reading of the level of sound pressure captured to measurable voltage. In parallel to the development of the prototype, there is an important part of taking measures and studying the data obtained from a theoretical as practical model in order to study the scope of the conversion formula to be used. Finally, the operation of the designed prototype will be checked. Research into information and the study of the various technologies and devices and the theoretical framework that includes it are a prerequisite for the development of the project, everything relating to how sound is transmitted and the various ways of characterizing it

El present treball consisteix en el desenvolupament d’un sistema d’adquisició de dades químiques anomenat NORI, que pretén ser capaç d’enregistrar senyals provinents d’un detector d’absorbància i tractar-les per obtenir el pes molecular de diferents polímers mitjançant la tècnica GPC. NORI s’implementarà a partir d’una Raspberry Pi i es programarà amb Python. Les seves funcions principals seran enregistrar i emmagatzemar les dades provinents del sensor, processar-les amb la finalitat d’obtenir els pesos moleculars dels polímers, i enviar-les a un ordinador per seguir amb el seu tractament. Dins del programari de NORI s’ha desenvolupat una interfície gràfica anomenada CODIUM, que permet la interacció del sistema d’adquisició de dades amb l’usuari per l’experimentació amb l’equip cromatogràfic del laboratori. D’entre altres funcionalitats, des de CODIUM es pot enregistrar i gravar un nou experiment guardant les dades a la memòria de la Raspberry Pi, i analitzar els cromatogrames emmagatzemats per tal d’obtenir el pes molecular dels polímers. A més, CODIUM inclou una extensió per poder transferir els fitxers generats de l’anàlisi a un ordinador del laboratori. Aquest mòdul s’anomena CODIUM File Transfer. Tot i que l’ús principal de NORI sigui adquirir dades per un cromatògraf, es dissenya de manera que sigui un sistema adaptable a qualsevol dispositiu capaç de captar informació del món físic generant senyals analògiques. La finalitat de NORI és dotar de funcionalitat a tots aquell dispositius (sensors i detectors) que es troben inactius degut a l’obsolescència dels seus propis sistemes d’adquisició de dades; oferint una solució universal i de codi obert El presente trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de un sistema de adquisición de datos químicos llamado NORI, que tiene como objetivo registrar señales provenientes de un detector de absorbancia y procesarlas para obtener el peso molecular de diferentes polímeros mediante la técnica GPC. NORI se implementará utilizando una Raspberry Pi y se programará con Python. Sus funciones principales serán registrar y almacenar los datos provenientes del sensor, procesarlos con el fin de obtener los pesos moleculares de los polímeros y enviarlos a un ordenador para continuar con su tratamiento. Dentro del software de NORI se ha desarrollado una interfaz gráfica llamada CODIUM, que permite la interacción del sistema de adquisición de datos con el usuario para experimentar con el equipo cromatográfico del laboratorio. Entre otras funcionalidades, desde CODIUM se puede registrar y guardar un nuevo experimento almacenando los datos en la memoria de la Raspberry Pi, y analizar los cromatogramas almacenados para obtener el peso molecular de los polímeros. Además, CODIUM incluye una extensión para transferir los archivos generados del análisis a un ordenador del laboratorio. Este módulo se llama CODIUM File Transfer. Aunque el uso principal de NORI sea adquirir datos de un cromatógrafo, se diseña de manera que sea un sistema adaptable a cualquier dispositivo capaz de captar información del mundo físico generando señales analógicas. El propósito de NORI es dotar de funcionalidad a todos aquellos dispositivos (sensores y detectores) que se encuentren inactivos debido a la obsolescencia de sus propios sistemas de adquisición de datos, ofreciendo una solución universal y de código abierto This report covers the development of a chemical data acquisition system called NORI, which aims at recording signals from an absorbance detector and process them to obtain the molecular weight of different polymers using the GPC technique. NORI will be implemented using a Raspberry Pi and will be programmed with Python. Its main functionalities will be to record and store data from the sensor, to process it to obtain the molecular weights of the polymers, and to send it to a computer for further analysis. Within the NORI software, a graphical interface named CODIUM has been developed, which allows interaction between the data acquisition system and the user, aiding in the experimentation with the laboratory's chromatographic equipment. Not only does CODIUM allow the registration of new experiments while storing the data in the memory of the Raspberry Pi, but it also analyses the saved chromatograms to obtain the molecular weight of the polymers. Additionally, CODIUM includes an extension, CODIUM File Transfer, which allows the transfer of the generated analysis files to a computer in the laboratory. Although NORI's primary use is to acquire data from a chromatograph, it is designed to be adaptable to any device capable of capturing information from the physical world by generating analog signals. The purpose of NORI is to provide functionality to all those devices (sensors and detectors) that are inactive due to the obsolescence of their own data acquisition systems, offering a universal and open-source solution

This article examines the mechanical properties and compatibility of selected composite materials produced with RP technology and the FFF—fused filament fabrication process. The article scales sophisticated modern materials based on PLA—polylactic acid—plastic and its composite variants. The research is carried out on the 3D FFF printer Felix 3.1 with a dual extruder, which works on the “open-source” principle. In this research, elements of the paradigm and methodology of the processing technology for RP were applied; they were implemented according to EN ISO 527 and ISO 2602 standards. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of 3D-printing strategy on the mechanical properties of 5 types of PLA composites. The results of this research solve the material compatibility problem, primarily through experimental testing of different combinations of filaments in different printing directions. Analysis of the experimental data showed correlations between the choice of printing strategy and mechanical properties, mainly tensile strength of the selected filaments. The research results show the influence of the printing orientation on mechanical properties of 3D printed samples: parts extruded in length orientation showed higher values of tensile strength compared to parts made in width and height. The CarbonPLA material exhibited 10 times higher tensile strength when printed in length compared to samples.

International audience; Significance: Dielectrophoresis, electro-osmosis, and other electrokinetic effects are frequently used in a variety of applications but necessitate patterning of electrodes on sensor surfaces. This typically requires a cleanroom and time-consuming, expensive, and arcane lithography and etching procedures.Aim: To demonstrate the applicability of commercial laser direct writing equipment for rapid patterning of electrodes into gold layers on glass substrates, particularly with application to producing electrokinetically active plasmonic sensors.Approach: A commercial printed circuit board prototyper was used to pattern interdigitated electrode (IDE) arrays into the surface of gold-coated slides and off-the-shelf surface plasmon resonance (SPR) prisms. The electrode geometries resulting from different patterning parameters were characterized by profilometry and electron microscopy. The patterned surfaces were then employed for trapping and electro-kinetic manipulation of bacteria, and finally for sensing of bacteria by SPR imaging.Results: Fabrication of an IDE array can be completed in as little as 12 s, with longer fabrication times permitting superior geometry and minimum feature size of 15 μm. The patterned IDEs were capable of concentrating bacteria and controlling their position on the sensor surface as a function of applied frequencies. SPR was demonstrated to detect specific interactions between bacteria and immobilized antimicrobial peptides.Conclusions: Laser direct writing is demonstrated as a feasible, cleanroom-free alternative to more lengthy lithography methods, permitting very rapid fabrication and prototyping of IDEs, which are compatible with active plasmonic sensing and bacterial detection.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has the advantages of low cost, easy structure operation, rapid prototyping, and easy customization. In the past few years, materials with different structures, compositions, and properties have been widely studied as prospects in the field of 3D printing. This paper reviews the synthesis methods and morphologies of one-, two- and three-dimensional micro/nano materials and their composites, as well as their applications in electrochemistry, such as supercapacitors, batteries, and electrocatalysis. The latest progress and breakthroughs in the synthesis and application of different structural materials in 3D-printing materials, as well as the challenges and prospects of electrochemical applications, are discussed.

We present methods for applying controlled natural language (CNL) and Semantic Web user interfaces to make rapid prototypes of business rule-based systems. This helps system developers quickly demonstrate design choices to stakeholders. CNLs provide a balance between understandability for laypersons and unambiguous specificity for programmers. Executable CNLs generate rudimentary systems automatically and thus quickly, which suits rapid prototyping. The Semantic Web provides a wide range of free and open tools for standardized forms of data representation and logic, whose potential application includes business rules.We identify several general categories of business rules that each map to a core form of Semantic Web logic that can implement it. This work then presents prototyping methods that apply these mappings. Different Semantic Web software interface components demonstrate different aspects of each form of logic. The Semantic Web ontology editor Protégé illustrates our methods, but any equivalent Semantic Web software can apply. Example rapid prototypes in Protégé from the frequently used fictional business rules case EU-Rent serve here as illustrative scenarios that evaluate our methods.

El dosímetro de neutrones es un instrumento de protección radiológica, cuya función es determinar la dosis de neutrones que se registran en los diferentes entornos y sectores donde se generan estas partículas neutras, para poder controlar tales dosis y alertar al usuario de su peligrosidad, ya que pueden llegar a ser letales para el ser humano. El dosímetro determina la dosis equivalente de un campo de radiación. La dosis equivalente es una medida de efecto de ese campo de radiación en los seres vivos, considerando el tipo de radiación y la radiosensibilidad en los órganos expuestos. En la Sección de Ingeniería Nuclear de la ETSEIB (UPC) ha sido diseñado el bloque analógico de un dosímetro de neutrones, pero faltaba desarrollar el sistema digital de control y gestión del aparato, para lograr la puesta a punto de este dosímetro y poder validar todo el conjunto. Pues bien, sobre este sistema digital versa todo este proyecto. En una placa de Arduino Due se ha desarrollado el sistema digital de control y gestión cuya función principal es llevar el registro de todos los eventos que se producen en el detector, mostrando también las dosis. Otra de sus funciones, es que este sistema puede almacenar en una memoria todos los datos, quedando constancia de la fecha y hora. Se ha realizado también la inicialización de la alimentación del detector, incrementado el voltaje progresivamente para poder regular la tensión de polarización del mismo e implementar una interfase para el usuario. También, han quedado interconectados los sistemas analógico y digital para hacer el conjunto dependiente de una única fuente de alimentación, que serán unas baterías de baja tensión. Tras haberse identificado la procedencia de los diferentes ruidos que se colaban en el circuito y después de ser atenuados para que su efecto fuese insignificante y no alterase la señal original, y al ejecutarse el programa del sistema digital que ha sido desarrollado, el dosímetro llega a ser completamente funcional y está listo para ser calibrado en un futuro. A partir de aquí, se ha podido determinar uno de los parámetros más importantes de un dosímetro de neutrones el tiempo muerto de este, y con este valor conseguir obtener la máxima dosis que pueda medir. Finalmente añadir, que este sistema digital de control y gestión está basado en una electrónica genérica para que así, el sistema de registro de eventos pueda ser fácilmente utilizado para cualquier otro tipo de funcionalidad en la cual intervenga la detección de neutrones El dosímetre de neutrons és un instrument de protecció radiològica, la seva funció és determinar la dosi de neutrons que es registren en els diferents entorns i sectors on es generen aquestes partícules neutres, per a poder controlar les dosis i alertar a l’usuari de la seva perillositat, ja que poden arribar a ser letals per a l’ésser humà. El dosímetre determina la dosi equivalent d’un camp de radiació. La dosi equivalent és una mesura d’efecte d’aquest camp de radiació en els éssers vius, considerant el tipus de radiació i la radiosensibilitat en los òrgans exposats. En la Secció de Enginyeria Nuclear de la ETSEIB (UPC) ha estat dissenyat el bloc analògic d’un dosímetre de neutrons, però faltava desenvolupar el sistema digital de control i gestió de l’aparell, per a aconseguir la posada a punt d’aquest dosímetre i poder validar tot el conjunt. Doncs bé, sobre aquest sistema digital versa tot aquest projecte. En una placa de Arduino Due s’ha desenvolupat el sistema digital de control i gestió que té com a funció principal portar el registre de tots els esdeveniments que es produeixen en el detector, mostrant també les dosis. Una altra de les seves funcions, és que aquest sistema pot emmagatzemar en una memòria totes les dades, quedant constància de la data i hora. S’ ha realitzat també la inicialització de l’alimentació del detector, incrementant el voltatge progressivament per a poder regular la tensió de polarització del mateix i implementar una interfase per a l’usuari. També, han quedat interconnectats els sistemes analògic i digital per a fer el conjunto depenent d’una única font d’alimentació, que seran unes bateries de baixa tensió. Després d’haver-se identificat la procedència dels diferents sorolls que es colaven en el circuit han estat atenuats per a que el seu efecte fos insignificant i no alterés la senyal original, i en executar-se el programa del sistema digital que ha estat desenvolupat, el dosímetre arriba a ser completament funcional i està llest per a ser calibrat en un futur. A partir d’aquí, s’ha pogut determinar un dels paràmetres més importants d’un dosímetre de neutrons el temps mort d’aquest, i amb aquest valor aconseguir obtenir la màxima dosi que pugui mesurar. Finalment afegir, que aquest sistema digital de control i gestió està basat en una electrònica genèrica per a que així, el sistema de registre d’esdeveniments pugui ser fàcilment utilitzat per a qualsevol altre mena de funcionalitat en la qual intervingui la detecció de neutrons. The neutron dosimeter is a radiological protection instrument, whose function is to determine the dose of neutrons that are registered in the different environments and sectors where these neutral particles are generated, in order to control such doses and alert the user of their dangerousness, since they can become lethal for humans. The dosimeter determines the equivalent dose of a radiation field. The equivalent dose is a measure of the effect of that radiation field on living organisms, considering the type of radiation and the radiosensitivity of the exposed organs. In the Nuclear Engineering Section of the ETSEIB (UPC), the analog block of a neutron dosimeter has been designed, but the digital system of control and management of the device needed to be developed, to achieve the tuning of this dosimeter and to be able to validate the whole set. Well, this whole project is about this digital system. On an Arduino Due board has been developed the digital control and management system, whose main function is to record all the events that occur in the detector, also showing the doses. Another of its functions is that this system can store in a memory all the data. The initialization of the detector’s power supply has also been performed, increasing the voltage progressively to be able to regulate the polarization voltage and implement an interface for the user. Also, the analog and digital systems have been interconnected to make the whole set dependent on a single power supply, which will be low voltage batteries. Having identified the origin of the different noises that crept into the circuit and after being attenuated so that their effect was insignificant and did not alter the original signal, and after executing the digital system program that has been developed, the dosimeter becomes fully functional and it is ready to be calibrated in the future. From here, it has been possible to determine one of the most important parameters of a neutron dosimeter, its dead time, and with this value the maximum dose that can be measured. Finally, it should be added that this digital control and management system is based on generic electronics so that the event registration system can be easily used for any other type of functionality in which neutron detection is involved

Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is a powder-bed additive manufacturing technology enabling the production of complex metallic parts with generally good mechanical properties. However, the performance of powder-bed based additively manufactured materials is governed by multiple factors that are difficult to control. Alloys that solidify in cubic crystal structures are usually affected by strong anisotropy due to the formation of columnar grains of preferred orientation. Moreover, processing induced defects and porosity detrimentally influence static and cyclic mechanical properties. The current study presents results on processing of a metastable austenitic CrMnNi steel by EBM. Due to multiple phase transformations induced by intrinsic heat-treatment in the layer-wise EBM process the material develops a fine-grained microstructure almost without a preferred crystallographic grain orientation. The deformation-induced phase transformation yields high damage tolerance and, thus, excellent mechanical properties less sensitive to process-induced inhomogeneities. Various scan strategies were applied to evaluate the width of an appropriate process window in terms of microstructure evolution, porosity and change of chemical composition.

En aquest projecte es tracta el disseny d'un sistema de visió per computador per robots de Universal Robots basat en Raspberry Pi amb l'objectiu de tenir un cost reduït. El motiu darrere d’aquest baix cost és que el sistema sigui senzill de replicar en centres educatius. En primera instància es fa una introducció a la plataforma Raspberry Pi i als robots col·laboratius de UR. Partint d'aquesta base, s'exposa el desenvolupament i programació en Python del sistema de visió, tractant els següents apartats: calibració òptica i geomètrica de la càmera, processat de la imatge i detecció d'objectes amb la seva posició i orientació. De la mateixa manera es detalla el desenvolupament del sistema de comunicacions. També s'explica el procés de disseny i fabricació del sistema de fixació al robot, amb els plànols i models CAD generats. Un cop muntat el sistema, es comprova la seva funcionalitat muntant-lo sobre un robot UR3e i implementant una aplicació d'exemple En este proyecto se trata el diseño de un sistema de visión por computador para robots de Universal Robots basado en Raspberry Pi con el objetivo de que tenga un coste reducido. El motivo detrás del bajo coste es que el sistema sea sencillo de replicar en centros educativos. En primera instancia se hace una introducción a la plataforma Raspberry Pi y a los robots colaborativos de UR. Partiendo de esta base, se expone el desarrollo y programación en Python del sistema de visión, tratando los siguientes apartados: calibración óptica y geométrica de la cámara, procesado de la imagen y detección de objetos con su posición y orientación. Del mismo modo se detalla el desarrollo del sistema de comunicaciones. También se explica el proceso de diseño y fabricación del sistema de sujeción al robot, con los planos y modelos CAD generados. Una vez ensamblado el sistema, se comprueba su funcionalidad montándose sobre un robot UR3e e implementando una aplicación de ejemplo This project involves the design of a computer vision system for Universal Robots-based robots using Raspberry Pi, with the goal of having a reduced cost. The reason behind this low cost is to make the system easy to replicate for educational centers. Initially, an introduction is made to the Raspberry Pi platform and UR collaborative robots. Based on this foundation, the development and programming of the vision system in Python is explained, covering the following sections: optical and geometric calibration of the camera, image processing and object detection with its position and orientation. Similarly the development of the communication system is also detailed. The design and manufacturing process of the robot fastening system is also explained, along with the generated CAD plans and models. Once the system is assembled, its functionality is verified by mounting it on a UR3e robot and implementing a sample application

Virginia Tech’s Uncrewed Systems Lab (USL) has begun development of a small quadcopter with a novel aerodynamic design intended for public health and safety applications. An ever-increasing number of regulations against Chinese technology in the US has forced many public safety agencies to ground their fleets and seek new alternatives. The USL team and our partners wish to fill this hole in the market. The final product is envisioned as being a monocoque composite blended wing body (BWB) quadcopter, compatible with a wide range of payload types and comprised of only non-Chinese components. Based on market research and a literature review, the team believes that these features will significantly enhance the aerodynamic efficiency, structural reliability, repairability, and versatility of our product compared to currently available solutions, and that these features are what the customer base need in their solution. Thus far, the USL has already shown that the design has significantly better energy efficiency than comparable vehicles due to its unique, wing-shaped fuselage. A prototype was designed and constructed for proof of concept and configuration testing. Proof of concept testing showed great promise. The prototype was flight tested and compared to a Holybro S500, and found to be significantly more energy efficient, particularly at higher speeds. This is highly promising, and thus, work will continue on optimizing and maturing this design. The next steps include arm configuration testing and downselection followed by building a composite prototype. The team at VT’s USL has high hopes for making this an actual product that will be profitable and beneficial to society by catering to public safety and law enforcement customers in the United States. MEng Project conducted at the Uncrewed Systems Lab

[ES] La mano humana es uno de los instrumentos más importantes para la psicomotricidad de ser humano y cualquier problema crónico como la Artritis Reumatoide (AR) implica la necesidad de una rehabilitación pautada y seriada desde el punto de vista médico que controle y verifique su efectividad en el tiempo. La Artritis Reumatoide es una de las enfermedades crónicas de mayor impacto social en la actualidad que afecta principalmente a personas mayores. Se considera que la AR afecta actividades y la calidad de vida de una persona, sobre todo en la de los adultos mayores, donde las afectaciones son mayormente significativas y requieren de atención. A través de la rehabilitación controlada asistida por ordenador, la tesis presenta, por una parte, una investigación sobre exoesqueletos para la rehabilitación crónica y por otra, la creación y validación de un dispositivo exoesquelético para el mano denominado ARTH-aid System que servirá para mejorar la rehabilitación de la mano artrítica que sufre una atrofia muscular progresiva. El sistema creado representa una ayuda significativa a través de la integración de determinados factores como: ergonomía, funcionalidad y diseño. Se ha diseñado y testeado con usuarios finales tomando en cuenta los factores mecánicos y de funcionalidad en la pérdida progresiva de movilidad manual de la mano en personas mayores con AR crónica. El sistema de rehabilitación incluye como parte fundamental un exoesqueleto en la mano que evalúa la dinámica y el progreso de la rehabilitación de un usuario generando confianza y satisfacción en el paciente durante las sesiones y mejorando la interacción con el fisioterapeuta. La metodología y el diseño de un guante exoesqueleto para la rehabilitación de pacientes crónicos de AR, ha sido desarrollada y evaluada teniendo en cuenta aspectos relacionados con el Design Thinking (DT) y el Diseño Centrado en el Usuario (DCU). Así mismo, en la creación e implementación tecnológica del sistema, se ha tenido en cuenta las tecnologías informáticas y electrónicas orientadas al manejo de sistema de gestión y control de movimientos programados mediante una placa electrónica integrada, finalmente se han utilizados aplicaciones de Diseño Asistido por Ordenador (DAO) y herramientas de Prototipado Rápido (PR) para la generación de las simulaciones informáticas y piezas físicas articuladas implementadas en el guante. La validación del sistema se realizó en el Hogar de Ancianos Santa Catalina Labouré, de Quito, Ecuador, primero con un grupo de expertos compuesto por los fisioterapeutas que trabajan en el centro y que permitió analizar su factibilidad como sistema integrado en el proceso de rehabilitación actual y posteriormente con un grupo de pacientes controlados terapéuticamente desde el centro, que permitió validar la funcionalidad del dispositivo, verificar su efectividad y evaluar el nivel de satisfacción dentro de la experiencia del usuario., [CA] En la present tesi doctoral es va a profundir una de les malalties de gran impacte com és el cas de l'Artritis Reumatoide (AR) que afecta greument nivell mundial a persones de diferents edats. En entendre a la mà com una de les majors eines de vida, es consideren tots els impactes que té la AR en la vida d'una persona, especialment en la dels adults majors, on les afectacions són majorment significatives i requereixen d'atenció Amb la finalitat de millorar la qualitat de vida d'adults majors que pateixen de AR, la investigació culmina en el disseny d'una eina per a la rehabilitació contínua i controlada que va ser concebuda mitjançant el Disseny Centrat en l'Usuari (DCU) i la implementació de tecnologies i eines de Prototipado Ràpid. No sense abans haver realitzat una forta investigació que permeta comprendre clarament l'anatomia i la fisiologia de la mà. Seguit de revisions de pro-posades que es troben en el mercat i de diferents validacions amb diversos prototips, els mateix que són part de la metodologia utilitzada i que van permetre analitzar tant a la proposta de disseny com els requeriments essencials dels usuaris finals. El correcte enteniment de l'estructura biomecànica de la mà resideix en el coneixement de la seua estructura com un component funcional autònom; la geometria biomètrica de la mà representa un conjunt d'ossos, músculs i articulacions que són els responsables del control motor i sensorial de la mà. En perdre aquestes habilitats i funcions, es perd la capacitat de realitzar una sèrie de diversos moviments de força i agarres, i fins i tot altres activitats quotidianes com vestirse o menjar. El desenvolupament d'un sistema de rehabilitació mitjançant un exoesquelet adaptat i dissenyat pensant en l'usuari, permet millorar la interacció objecte- persona, la dinàmica de rehabilitació i generar confiança en el pacient durant el seu interacció amb el fisioterapeuta. Aquest escenari representa una ajuda significativa a través de la integració de determinats factors com: ergonomia, funcionalitat i disseny per a assemble i manufactura, aspectes que van permetre validar l'exoesquelet creat amb un grup d'usuaris reals. En aqueix sentit, les validacions es van fer tant amb el grup de pacients que pertanyen a la Llar d'Ancians "Santa Catalina Labouré", com amb el grup expert de fisioterapeutes que dediquen un temps a la rehabilitació d'aquests pacients., [EN] The human hand is one of the most important instruments for the psychomotricity of being human and any chronic problem such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) implies the need for a scheduled and serial rehabilitation from the medical point of view that controls and verifies its effectiveness over time. Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the chronic diseases with the greatest social impact today that mainly affects older people. RA is considered to affect a person's activities and quality of life, especially in older adults, where the affectations are mostly significant and require attention. Through computer-aided controlled rehabilitation, the thesis presents, on the one hand, an investigation on exoskeletons for chronic rehabilitation and on the other, the creation and validation of an exoskeletal device for the hand called ARTH-AID System that will serve to improve the rehabilitation of the arthritic hand that suffers a progressive muscular atrophy. The system created represents a significant help through the integration of certain factors such as: ergonomics, functionality and design. It has been designed and tested with end users taking into account the mechanical and functional factors in the progressive loss of manual hand mobility in older people with chronic RA. The rehabilitation system includes as a fundamental part an exoskeleton in the hand that evaluates the dynamics and progress of a user's rehabilitation, generating confidence and satisfaction in the patient during the sessions and improving the interaction with the physiotherapist. The methodology and design of an exoskeleton glove for the rehabilitation of chronic RA patients has been developed and evaluated considering aspects related to Design Thinking (DT) and User-Centered Design (DCU). Likewise, in the creation and technological implementation of the system, computer and electronic technologies oriented to the management of management system and control of programmed movements through an integrated electronic board have been taken into account, finally Computer Aided Design (DAO) applications and Rapid Prototyping (PR) tools have been used for the generation of computer simulations and articulated physical parts implemented in the glove. The validation of the system was carried out at the Santa Catalina Labouré Nursing Home, in Quito, Ecuador, first with a group of experts composed of the physiotherapists who work in the center and that allowed to analyze its feasibility as an integrated system in the current rehabilitation process and later with a group of potential users or patients controlled therapeutically from the center, that allowed to validate the functionality of the device, verify its effectiveness and evaluate the level of satisfaction within the user experience.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing process that provides the opportunity to build geometrically complex and highly individualized lightweight structures. Despite its many advantages, additively manufactured components suffer from poor surface quality. To locally improve the surface quality and homogenize the microstructure, friction stir processing (FSP) technique was applied on Al-Si12 components produced by selective laser melting (SLM) using two different working media. The effect of FSP on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of SLM samples was investigated. Microstructural investigation showed a considerable grain refinement in the friction stirred area, which is due to the severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization of the material in the stir zone. Micro-hardness measurements revealed that the micro-hardness values of samples treated using FSP are much lower compared to SLM components in the as-built condition. This reduction of hardness values in samples treated with FSP can be explained by the dissolution of the very fine Si-phase network, being characteristic for SLM samples, during FSP. Surface topography also demonstrated that the FSP results in the reduction of surface roughness and increases the homogeneity of the SLM microstructure. Decreased surface roughness and grain size refinement in combination with the dissolved Si-phase network of the FSP treated material result in considerable changes in corrosion behavior. This work addresses the corrosion properties of surface treated additive manufactured Al-Si12 by establishing adequate microstructure-property relationships. The corrosion behavior of SLM-manufactured Al-Si12 alloys is shown to be improved by FSP-modification of the surfaces.

L’objectiu d’aquest treball de fi de grau és posar solució al risc d’incendis forestals, a partir del disseny d’un dispositiu sensorial, que detecta diferents paràmetres que afecten directament a l’aparició del foc per poder detectar-lo el més aviat possible i així erradicar-lo abans que es faci massa gran. Els paràmetres que té en compte són la temperatura, la humitat relativa i la concentració de monòxid de carboni. Al llarg de la memòria s’explica com afecten aquests factors, com es mesuren i entre quins valors es poden moure perquè no suposin un risc d’aparició d’incendi. Aquest document conté un estudi detallat del funcionament de les xarxes inalàmbriques de sensors i de les estructures i les comunicacions d’aquests. A part de dur a terme la construcció i programació d’un node sensor, també es realitza un estudi econòmic i una prova d'implantació d’una xarxa inalàmbrica amb els sensors creats que es realitza en un territori del Parc de Collserola. Un cop finalitzat el treball, es presenta el prototip final de sensor i es presenten les conclusions del projecte El objetivo de este trabajo es dar solución al riesgo de incendios forestales, a partir del diseño de un dispositivo sensorial, que detecta diferentes parámetros que afectan directamente a la aparición del fuego para poder detectarlo lo antes posible y así erradicarlo antes de que se haga demasiado grande. Los parámetros que tiene en cuenta son la temperatura, la humedad relativa y la concentración de monóxido de carbono. A lo largo de la memoria se explica cómo afectan estos factores, cómo se miden y entre qué valores se pueden mover para que no supongan un riesgo de aparición de incendios. Este documento contiene un estudio detallado del funcionamiento de las redes inalámbricas de sensores y de las estructuras y las comunicaciones de estos. A parte de realizar la construcción y programación de un nodo sensor, también se realiza un estudio económico y una prueba de implantación de una red inalámbrica con los sensores creados que se realiza en un territorio del Parque de Collserola. Una vez finalizado el trabajo, se presenta el prototipo final del sensor y se presentan las conclusiones del proyecto The objective of this work is to provide a solution to the risk of forest fires, based on the design of a sensory device that detects different parameters that directly affect the appearance of the fire in order to detect it as soon as possible and thus eradicate it before it becomes too big. The parameters it takes into account are temperature, relative humidity and carbon monoxide concentration. Throughout the report it is explained how these factors are affected, how they are measured and between which values they can be moved so that they do not pose a risk of fire occurrence. This document contains a detailed study of the operation of wireless sensor networks and their structures and communications. In addition to the construction and programming of a sensor node, an economic study and a test of the implementation of a wireless network with the sensors created in a territory of the Collserola Park is also carried out. Once the work is finished, the final prototype of the sensor is presented and the conclusions as well

This project aimed to design and build a low-cost magnetic levitation system based on attraction, using a single coil. The materials and components were carefully selected to keep the cost of the system as low as possible, making it suitable for educational purposes such as laboratory demonstrations or science classes. The system consists of a base made of aluminium and PLA onto which a single coil has been screwed. The intention of the project is to levitate a neodymium magnet underneath the coil by constructing a levitator that works by attraction, i.e. that compensates the force of gravity that the magnet suffers to keep the magnet floating in the air. A PID control algorithm has been implemented using an Arduino microcontroller to regulate the levitation distance between the magnet and the coil. The design and construction of the system were performed with an emphasis on simplicity and affordability. The use of a single coil and inexpensive materials made it possible to achieve a functional prototype at a low cost. The system was tested and the performance of the PID controller was evaluated. The results showed that the system was able to achieve stable magnetic levitation. However, the tuning of the PID parameters was found to be challenging due to the non-linear behavior of the system and an unexpected behavior of the sensor that was expected to give measurements of the magnet position. The sensitivity of the system to external disturbances and noise was also observed. Therefore, a low-cost attraction-based magnetic levitation system was successfully designed and implemented using a single coil, a hall effect sensor and an Arduino microcontroller with a PID control algorithm. The system provides a valuable educational tool for teaching principles of electromagnetics and control engineering. Future work could focus on further improving the system’s performance through the use of more advanced control strategies, such as a sliding mode or fuzzy-logic control

Aquest projecte de final de carrera se centra en el disseny i construcció d’un instrument de baix cost que permeti captar, guardar i avaluar la informació que proporciona una placa so- lar fotovoltaica de 10 W. Les dades són llegides i enregistrades mitjançant un microordinador. Posteriorment, s’estudia la quantitat d’irradiància solar que li arriba a la cel·la al llarg d’un perí- ode de temps, i es delibera si el terreny on està ubicat el sistema avaluador és apte o no per instal·lar plaques solars fotovoltaiques. La informació obtinguda és de gran utilitat per ins- tal·lacions domèstiques o de poca potència, ja que generalment no estan dotades d’estacions meteorològiques Este proyecto de final de carrera se centra en el diseño y la construcción de un instrumento de bajo coste que permite captar, guardar y evaluar la información que proporciona una placa solar fotovoltaica de 10W. Los datos son leídos y grabados mediante un microcomputador. Posterior- mente, se estudia la cantidad de irradiancia solar que le llega a la celda a lo largo de un período de tiempo, y es delibera si el terreno donde está ubicado el sistema evaluador es apto o no para instalar placas solares fotovoltaicas. La información obtenida es de gran utilidad para insta- laciones domésticas o de poca potencia, ya que generalmente no están dotados de estaciones meteorológicos This final project focuses on the design and construction of a low-cost instrument to capture, store and evaluate the information provided by a 10W photovoltaic solar panel. The data is read and recorded by means of a microcomputer. Subsequently, the amount of solar irradiance reaching the cell over a period of time is studied, and it is decided whether or not the land where the evaluation system is located is suitable for the installation of photovoltaic solar panels. The information obtained is very useful for domestic or low-power installations, as they are generally not equipped with weather stations

Additive manufacturing (AM) opens up manifold possibilities to influence the heat transfer between fluid and die in high-pressure die casting (HPDC), eventually allowing to minimize the total cycle time of the process. AM already has been exploited to establish near-contour temperature control systems in industrial applications. However, AM not only allows to influence the position of tempering channels in dies but it also allows to influence the fluid dynamics itself, e.g., by imprinted static mixers. Up to now, such flow-influencing mixing elements have not been considered in metal AM. In the present work, the impact of such metallic static mixers and most relevant processing conditions is investigated experimentally as well by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. In a first step, conventional static mixer elements are integrated into straight tempering channels to stimulate turbulences of the flowing tempering medium, finally resulting in an increase of the heat transfer up to 33%. In a second step, laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) is applied to realize static mixers. Results obtained reveal that tempering channels without negative influences on the general flow behavior compared to conventional static mixers in straight tempering channels can be realized. In conclusion, the presented results show a positive impact on heat transfer and, thus, allow to further increase the economic efficiency of the HPDC process.

This paper describes some insights on applicability of a Selective Laser Melting and Direct Metal Laser Sintering technology-manufactured turbine blade models for aerodynamic tests in a wind tunnel. The principal idea behind this research was to assess the possibilities of using ‘raw’ DLMS printed turbine blade models for gas-flow experiments. The actual blade, manufactured using the DLMS technology, is assessed in terms of surface quality (roughness), geometrical shape and size (outline), quality of counterbores and quality of small diameter holes. The results are evaluated for the experimental aerodynamics standpoint. This field of application imposes requirements that have not yet been described in the literature. The experimental outcomes prove the surface quality does not suffice to conduct quantitative experiments. The holes that are necessary for pressure measurements in wind tunnel experiments cannot be reduced below 1 mm in diameter. The dimensional discrepancies are on the level beyond acceptable. Additionally, the problem of ‘reversed tolerance’, with the material building up and distorting the design, is visible in elements printed with the DLMS technology. The results indicate the necessity of post-machining of the printed elements prior their experimental usage, as their features in the ‘as fabricated’ state significantly disturb the flow conditions.

Report of a teaching experience conducted in the 1st year of the degree course in architecture. VPL tools provide an educational interface to manage spatial geometric and architectural concepts. After being analyzed in the digital environment, each theoretical concept has its implication in an experience with digital fabrication tools.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Learning object Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi, dengan topik Keseimbangan Pasar dan Struktur Pasar untuk siswa kelas X SMA Labschool Jakarta. Prosedur pengembangan yang digunakan adalah Model Rapid Prototyping oleh Tripp & Bichelmeyer. Evaluasi Learning object dilakukan melalui expert review dan one-to-one evaluation yang melibatkan 2 ahli materi, 1 ahli desain pembelajaran, 2 ahli media, dan 2 pengguna, yang diukur berdasarkan aspek penilaian pada Learning object Review Instrument (LORI) oleh John Nesbit. Nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh dari ahli materi sebesar 3,65 (sangat baik), ahli media 3,50 (sangat baik) dan ahli desain pembelajaran 3,70 (sangat baik). Hasil evaluasi pengguna dengan skala Guttman, memperoleh respon setuju dari 10 indikator. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tersebut dinyatakan Learning object sudah layak untuk digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, serta tujuan pembelajaran. Hasil evaluasi oleh siswa sebagai pengguna, menyatakan bahwa Learning object memiliki tampilan yang menarik, inovatif, kreatif dan dapat digunakan oleh siswa. This development research aims to produce a Learning object for Economics Subject, with the topic of Market Balance and Structure for class X students of SMA Labschool Jakarta. The development procedure used is the Rapid Prototyping Model by Tripp & Bichelmeyer. Learning object evaluation was carried out through expert review and one-to-one evaluation involving 2 material experts, 1 learning design expert, 2 media experts, and 2 users, which were measured based on the assessment aspects of the Learning Object Review Instrument (LORI) by John Nesbit. The average value obtained from the material expert is 3.65, the media expert is 3.50 and the learning design expert is 3.70. The results of the user evaluation with the Guttman scale, obtained an agree response from 10 indicators. Based on the results of the evaluation, it was stated that the Learning object was feasible to be used according to the needs and learning objectives. The results of the evaluation by students as users, stated that the Learning object has an attractive, innovative, creative appearance and can be used by students.

The concept of personalized medicine and overcoming healthcare inequalities have become extremely popular in recent decades. Polymers can support cost reductions, the simplicity of customized printing processes, and possible future wide-scale expansion. Polymers with β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are well known for their synergy with oral tissues and their ability to induce osteoconductivity. However, poor information exists concerning their properties after the printing process and whether they can maintain an unaffected biological role. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer and PCL compounded with TCP 20% composite were printed with a Prusa Mini-LCD-®3D printer. Samples were sterilised by immersion in a 2% peracetic acid solution. Sample analyses were performed using infrared-spectroscopy and statical mechanical tests. Biocompatibility tests, such as cell adhesion on the substrate, evaluations of the metabolic activity of viable cells on substrates, and F-actin labelling, followed by FilaQuant-Software were performed using a MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts line. PCL+β-TCP-20% composite is satisfactory for commercial 3D printing and appears suitable to sustain an ISO14937:200937 sterilization procedure. In addition, the proper actin cytoskeleton rearrangement clearly shows their biocompatibility as well as their ability to favour osteoblast adhesion, which is a pivotal condition for cell proliferation and differentiation.

The bone is a connective, vascularized, and mineralized tissue that confers protection to organs, and participates in the support and locomotion of the human body, maintenance of homeostasis, as well as in hematopoiesis. However, throughout the lifetime, bone defects may arise due to traumas (mechanical fractures), diseases, and/or aging, which when too extensive compromise the ability of the bone to self-regenerate. To surpass such clinical situation, different therapeutic approaches have been pursued. Rapid prototyping techniques using composite materials (consisting of ceramics and polymers) have been used to produce customized 3D structures with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. In order to reinforce the mechanical and osteogenic properties of these 3D structures, herein, a new 3D scaffold was produced through the layer-by-layer deposition of a tricalcium phosphate (TCP), sodium alginate (SA), and lignin (LG) mixture using the Fab@Home 3D-Plotter. Three different TCP/LG/SA formulations, LG/SA ratio 1:3, 1:2, or 1:1, were produced and subsequently evaluated to determine their suitability for bone regeneration. The physicochemical assays demonstrated that the LG inclusion improved the mechanical resistance of the scaffolds, particularly in the 1:2 ratio, since a 15 % increase in the mechanical strength was observed. Moreover, all TCP/LG/SA formulations showed an enhanced wettability and maintained their capacity to promote the osteoblasts' adhesion and proliferation as well as their bioactivity (formation of hydroxyapatite crystals). Such results support the LG inclusion and application in the development of 3D scaffolds aimed for bone regeneration.

Welding and joining of hybrid components consisting of additively manufactured (AM) parts and conventionally processed parts offer new opportunities in structural design. In the present study, AlSi10Mg specimens were fabricated using two different manufacturing processes, i.e., laser-based powder-bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) and casting, and welded by means of friction stir welding (FSW). Material strength of dissimilar welded joints was found to be governed by the as-cast material, which is characterized by a very coarse microstructure resulting in inferior hardness and tensile properties. During fatigue testing, cast-cast specimens performed slightly better than their hybrid AM-cast counterparts with respect to lifetime, being rationalized by most pronounced strain inhomogeneities in the AM-cast specimens. With the aim of cost reduction, FSW can be employed to fabricate graded large parts as long as the AM as-built material is placed in the region demanding superior cyclic load-bearing capacity. Graphical abstract

The aim of maxillofacial rehabilitation is to provide suitable prostheses for patients with oro-facial defects, and enable them to resume their roles in society. Recent advances in bionics and prosthetics have combined different techniques to help in the production of aesthetic and functional prostheses. Technology can now supplement the freehand sculpting skills of the clinician by capturing accurate images of the soft tissues from both the defect and non-defect areas, and using these to digitally recreate the desired templates. This case report describes the digital steps used to capture necessary data for the design and fabrication of an auricular template, and final ear prosthesis. Results from this case study suggested that the digital method is: 1) more accurate; 2) less time-consuming than traditional methods; and 3) less invasive, and thus more accepted by patients.

To be digitally responsible, one should be aware of the current issues in the digital world; therefore, raising awareness on digital responsibility and data privacy is important in the public and private sectors. This study aimed to raise awareness on digital responsibility and help students understand the importance of utilizing the design thinking process for generating creative ideas. The authors facilitated a design thinking workshop where 62 students from different cultural backgrounds (Korean and Swiss) and majors collaboratively explored data privacy issues and presented their novel, creative solutions. The data gathered from observations and interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. These students of the digital age developed remarkable ones, such as keeping data safe from social networking services and protecting voice data from being recorded by a third party. The cross-cultural, interdisciplinary team rapidly implemented their creative and globally applicable solutions with visually feasible, diagrammed prototypes, which is an effective tool of the design thinking process. The article demonstrates how design thinking techniques could be applied in university classes and could inspire teachers to use the five stages of design thinking in their teaching.

Biomedicine is one of the fastest growing areas of additive manufacturing. Especially, in the field of in vitro diagnostics (IVD), contributions of 3D printing include i) rapid prototyping and iterative IVD proof-of-concept designing ranging from materials, devices to system integration; ii) conceptual design simplification and improved practicality of IVD products; iii) shifting the IVD applications from centralized labs to point-of-care testing (POCT). In this review, the latest developments of 3D printing and its advantages in IVD applications are summarized. A series of 3D-printed objects for IVD applications, including single-function modules, multi-function devices which integrate several single-function modules for specific analytical applications such as sample pre-treatment and chemo-/bio-sensing, and all-in-one systems which integrate multi-function devices and the instrument operating them, are analyzed from the perspective of functional integration. The current and potential commercial applications of 3D-printed objects in the IVD field are highlighted. The features of 3D printing, especially rapid prototyping and low start-up, enable the easy fabrication of bespoke modules, devices and systems for a range of analytical applications, and broadens the commercial IVD prospects.

Whilst remanufacture is identified as a key enabler for sustainable manufacture in future industry, its role within the context of new product development remains unclear. Where prototypes often go through multiple iterations with varying degrees of change, could remanufacture be adopted to reduce the time and cost components of design iteration? This paper presents a computational study to explore the potential savings afforded by remanufacture across stages of a rapid prototyping process. Results suggest significant reductions to development time and cost can be achieved.

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) enables the fabrication of highly customized and complex devices and is therefore increasingly used in the field of life sciences and biotechnology. However, the application of 3D-printed parts in these fields requires not only their biocompatibility but also their sterility. The most common method for sterilizing 3D-printed parts is heat steam sterilization—but most commercially available 3D printing materials cannot withstand high temperatures. In this study, a novel heat-resistant polyacrylate material for high-resolution 3D Multijet printing was evaluated for the first time for its resistance to heat steam sterilization and in vitro biocompatibility with mouse fibroblasts (L929), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293E), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)). Analysis of the growth and viability of L929 cells and the growth of S. cerevisiae confirmed that the extraction media obtained from 3D-printed parts had no negative effect on the aforementioned cell types, while, in contrast, viability and growth of HEK 293E cells were affected. No different effects of the material on the cells were found when comparing heat steam sterilization and disinfection with ethanol (70%, v/v). In principle, the investigated material shows great potential for high-resolution 3D printing of novel cell culture systems that are highly complex in design, customized and easily sterilizable—however, the biocompatibility of the material for other cell types needs to be re-evaluated.

Learning activities with fully online learning during the pandemic caused student saturation in carrying out learning routines. Especially on less desirable materials. For this reason, learning innovations are needed to facilitate student learning needs, one of which is gamfication. This study aims to produce Gamification in Pengembangan Media Sederhana course at the Education Technology Study Program, State University of Jakarta. Study. This development research follows the Rapid Prototyping model procedure by Tripp and Bichelmeyer, which has 5 stages, namely Assess Needs and Analyze Content, Set Objectives, Construct Prototype (design), Utilize Prototype (research), and Installing and Maintain System. Evaluation with an open survey obtained user interest with high gamification, and more adjustments are needed in the elements used. Abstrak Kegiatan pembelajaran dengan fully online learning selama masa pandemi menyebabkan kejenuhan pada mahasiswa dalam melaksanakan rutinitas pembelajaran. Terlebih pada materi yang kurang diminati. Untuk itu perlu inovasi pembelajaran dalam memfasilitasi kebutuhan mahasiswa belajar, salah satunya dengan Gamfikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan Gamifikasi pada matakuliah Pengembangan Media Sederhana di Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Penelitian. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengikuti prosedur model Rapid Prototyping oleh Tripp dan Bichelmeyer, yang memiliki 5 tahap, yaitu Assess Needs and Analyze Content, Set Objectives, Construct Prototype (design), Utilize Prototype (research), dan Installing and Maintain System. Evaluasi dengan survey terbuka diperoleh minat pengguna dengan gamifikasi yang tinggi, dan perlu penyesuaian lebih dalam elemen-elemen yang digunakan.

The utilization of learning personalization principles in online learning for Designing E- Learning Course intended to create a personalize online course by utilizing the principles invented by Margaret Martinez and David A Wiley on Instructional Use of Learning Object book. In which its application represented in Designing E- Learning course. This research is applying Rapid Prototyping method consisting of 5 main stages which are: Assess Needs and Analyse Content; Set Objectives; Construct Protoype; Utilize Protoype; Install and Maintain System, that are only conducted to install without maintain system. This research has been reviewed by instructional designer expert with score 3.8, instructional media expert with score 3.6, and materials expert for Designing E- Learning course with score 3.8, in which each review received “Very Well” credit with minor adjustment needed. The review from users also received a “Very Well” credit with average score is 3.73

A stainless precipitation hardening steel has been qualified for powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam. The mechanical and microstructural properties of additively manufactured samples have been thoroughly investigated and compared to samples of the very same material made by means of ingot casting. Additive manufacturing is feasible and can deliver superior mechanical properties. Additionally, the surface quality will be improved by means of wet abrasive jet machining, and its impact on the residual stresses has been shown.

Rapid prototyping and safety assessments are essential in the modern development of radio frequency coils for magnetic resonance imaging. The use of 3D electromagnetic simulations can avoid expensive physical coil prototyping while providing quantities to determine local patient safety which is not measurable in vivo. Currently, 3D electromagnetic simulations are mostly solved on variations of two solver types, namely the time domain and the frequency domain solver. In this work, we compared these solvers and tested key simulation parameters using a single computational platform with state-of-the-art computational methods and computational human models. Our analysis included computational cost, B1+-field and power loss density for a range of common radio frequency setups used at different Larmor frequencies (field strengths, respectively) in magnetic resonance imaging systems. We found that a coarse mesh in a time solver has large unpredictable focal errors (>50%) due to partial volume artifacts while the frequency solver showed more linearity in the errors when reducing computational cost which could allow for more efficient simulations with reduced safety concerns. We expect our work to provide further insights into parameter and solver selection and contribute towards standardization in coil simulation in magnetic resonance imaging.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a widely applied rapid prototyping technology that produces layered models from specially designed thermoplastic filaments. Thermoplastic materials can be layered using several parameters that influence the mechanical properties of the printed object. In this study, the effects of freeze–thaw cycles on the physical characteristics of FDM objects printed using the ULTEM 9085 filament is assessed. The samples used in this study were printed with an air gap of –0.025 mm and at raster angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. The results indicate that freeze–thaw conditioning reduces the tensile properties of FDM samples. Results also can help enhance FDM material properties to withstand significant temperature changes whilst having a prolonged service life.

Flexible printed electronic technology makes it possible to fabricate low-cost digital microfluidic (DMF) chips. Inkjet printing on flexible substrates is one of the most cost-effective fabrication processes for DMF chips. Based on inkjet printing technology and simplified coating methods of dielectric and hydrophobic layers, we fabricated low-cost flexible DMF chips (FDMFCs) on PET sheet and on matte photo paper. The surface quality, conductivity and spatial output resolution of the silver lines under different number of printings, different line widths and line gaps on the two types of FDMFCs were comprehensively analyzed. The traditional square dispensing electrodes were optimized to reduce the volume error of the droplets generated during the repeated dispensing operations. Droplets can be driven to implement all the operations on various configurations of FDMFCs by electrowetting-on-dielectric, including closed configuration, open configuration, hybrid configuration composed of closed and open regions on a single chip, and open curved configuration, which are defined as full-range droplet actuation. The droplet motion between closed and open regions in two position modes of the top plate was deeply studied. Droplet operation experiments prove that the motion performance of droplets can be comparable to that of chips processed by traditional technology, and the rapid prototyping technology of the FDMFCs can make the performance of droplet operation mainly depend on the conductivity of the electrode layer and the electrode gap and greatly weaken the influence of the substrate surface quality on the FDMFCs.

Additive manufacturing is a fabrication technique that is transforming the industrial and manufacture industries. Due to its numerous advantages, additive manufacturing has become a popular trend in manufacturing processes. It is defined as the method of fabricating parts via layer-by-layer deposition of quantifiable. The main benefits of 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) are design liberty, bulk customization, unwanted minimization, and the capacity to build complicated assemblies, as well as rapid prototyping. A comprehensive review of emerging additive manufacturing technology in 3D printing, materials, methods, applications, challenges and future potential their evolution in popular applications was carried out. Overall, this study provides an summary of 3D printing, as well as a study of its advantages and disadvantages, to serve as a baseline for prospect investigation and improvement. This review will assist readers in comprehending the various features of additive manufacturing and identifying new areas for upcoming investigation.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an appropriate name to describe the technologies that erect 3D objects by enumerating layer-upon-layer of material, hence the name additive, whether the material is thermoplastic, metal, concrete, exclusive materials such as ceramics, carbon fibre or even human tissues. A 3D Slicing programme (to slice the 3D model into successive layers), machine equipment configuration, and material layering are all popular AM technologies. The Slicing programme decodes data from the CAD file, slices it into successive layers, and converts it to G-codes after it is created. When we run this G-code in the AM System, the computer builds a 3D component by layering liquid resin, powder, or solid filaments on top of each other. Rapid prototyping (RP) is one of the quickest-growing automated manufacturing innovations, with the ability to go from CAD models to finished products. Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Direct Energy Deposition (DED) are two kinds of metal additive manufacturing techniques. The metal additive manufacturing method can also be classified by material type, energy source, build scale, and so on. This paper discusses the relevance of metal additive manufacturing and provides detailed information on the processes of Selective Laser Melting, Selective Laser Sintering, Direct Metal Deposition, and Laser Metal Deposition.

In the Rapid Prototyping process, surface finish is very critical as it affects the part quality. As Rapid Prototyping is moving towards Rapid manufacturing there is an increasing stress on obtaining good quality parts. Surface finish of Rapid Prototyping parts is becoming more and more important with more parts being used for end purposes. Good surface finish is required for better functionality and look, but also for cost reduction in terms of reducing post-processing expenditure. A critical study and analysis of process parameters behaviour has been carried out for assessing the surface quality of parts manufactured on Selective Laser Sintering Rapid Prototyping system. The principal concern of experimental work has been investigated for achieving better surface finish by which the life of parts is governed. The primary objective of study is to analyze the optimum process parameters of Selective Laser Sintering Rapid Prototyping system. The material selected for study is “Dura Form“ and experimental work was carried out on selective laser sintering rapid prototyping machine DTM Vanguard 2500. Taguchi method is used to investigate the parameters and results are improved by using signal-to-noise methods. The major process parameters selected for study were Part Orientation, Laser Power and Scan Spacing. The study and analysis depict that Part Orientation has a major effect on the surface roughness of the part produced on Rapid Prototyping Machine. It has been observed from the study that lower value of Part Orientation level I (0 degree) gives better finish and this is because of less number of layers required for manufacturing of part. It has been observed from the study of second process parameter i.e. Laser Power that the surface finish was better at 16 W. Similarly, the surface finish obtained at lower values of Scan Spacing was for better as compared to higher values of Scan Spacing. The comparative analysis of three-process parameter indicates that the effects of variation of Part Orientation and Scan Spacing parameters are more as compare to Laser Power.

International audience; Participatory design actively involves users throughout the design process, from initial discovery of their needs to the final assessment of the system. As in all forms of interaction design, this requires two complementary processes: generating new ideas that expand the design space, and selecting specific ideas, thus contracting the design space. Interaction designers create prototypes that help them generate and explore this space of possibilities, ideally with the ongoing participation of users. Successful prototypes represent different aspects of the system that highlight specific design questions. We classify prototypes based on: Representation, which refers to their physical form, ranging from paper, cardboard or foam mock-ups to complete software or hardware simulations; Precision, which refers to the level of detail, ranging from simple hand-drawn sketches or physical mock-ups to polished computer-generated images or 3D printed objects; Interactivity, which refers to the level of interaction possible, ranging from no interaction, such as a video scenario, to partial interaction, when a designer "walks through" a scenario, to fully interactive, either simulating interaction with the Wizard-of-Oz method or trying an operational software or hardware prototype; Life cycle, which refers to the expected evolution of the prototype, from "throw away" prototypes in the earliest design phase to successively more developed prototypes in later design phases, to actual components of the final system; and Scope, which refers to the aspects of the final system covered by the prototype, including breadth-first horizontal prototypes, depth-first vertical prototypes, or path-based story prototypes. This chapter explains how to create and use these different kinds of prototypes, with examples selected from key phases of the interaction design process.

El aumento del uso de los ordenadores, tanto en ámbito laboral como en el ocio durante la última década, ha generado en muchos usuarios la búsqueda de unos periféricos acordes a sus necesidades y que en el mercado no existían o eran difíciles de encontrar. De ahí nacen los teclados artesanales o custom, donde el usuario puede realizar una personalización al detalle del producto. En este proyecto se presenta un diseño de teclado con unas características muy específicas, co- mo son un teclado de formato compacto, distribución española, inclusión de USB-C extraíble y estilo de montaje en junta. Para llevar a cabo el diseño desde cero se ha hecho un amplio estudio previo, y junto con las herramientas KiCAD, SolidWorks y QMK, se han diseñado respectiva- mente el hardware, partes no electrónicas y archivos de configuración del teclado. Seguidamente, se ha llevado a cabo la fabricación de la PCB mediante la empresa JLCPCB y mediante impresión 3D las piezas no electrónicas para la composición del teclado a su completo. Un proceso de configuración y tiempo de pruebas de la placa base para detectar posibles errores, e intentar asegurar el correcto funcionamiento del prototipo

Cada vez las smarts homes se integran más y más en nuestras vidas, ya no es raro ir a una casa y encontrar algún tipo de aparato domótico, como un altavoz con Alexa o Google home. Estos aparatos aunque son baratos y cómodos de usar implican ciertos retos que superar, siendo uno de ellos la actualización de este sistemas o el cambio entre entornos, ya que si una familia empieza a comprar aparatos exclusivos con Alexa y después quiere cambiar de entorno estos aparatos se convertirán en basura electrónica. Para solventar este problema en este TFG se creará un sistema de código abierto y escalable para controlar 4 aspectos de la vivienda: el control de accesos, el control de las persianas, calefacción y ventilación. Esto permitirá a los residentes del edificio de estudio vivir sin ningún tipo de preocupación, sabiendo que están gastando la mínima cantidad de energía para su confort térmico y con un sistema totalmente escalable. Los datos que se usarán de los sensores permitirán saber quiénes están en la vivienda y cuántos son. Con estos datos y los de la vivienda se podrán realizar acciones a medida dentro de la vivienda