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The windows for achieving good multiple-access performance of multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MCCDMA) systems employing minimum mean-squared error receivers are studied. The mean-squared error (MSE) is used as the performance metric for the optimization. In a simplified two-user system, the rectangular window is found to be optimum while regarded as an inferior window in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems because of its spectral inefficiency. Necessary conditions are given for improving the performances of spectrally efficient windows by exploiting the cyclic prefix and oversampling in the frequency domain.

A minimum-output-energy-based carrier tracking scheme is proposed for MC-CDMA systems. By utilizing an exponentially weighted empirical correlation whose weights are dictated by an adaptive forgetting factor, the proposed non-data-aided gradient-descent algorithm improves the tracking speed, while maintaining a small steady-state tracking error. Simulation results show that it takes only around 160 iterations to converge in response to an abrupt carrier frequency change of 10% of the intercarrier spacing.

Collaborative sensing of spectral occupancy can increase accuracy and relax the required sensitivity of individual sensing units. Collaborative sensing requires knowledge about the densities of collected sensing statistics to form the correct decision statistics for the optimum likelihood ratio test. In this paper, a parametric density estimation scheme using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed to estimate the parameters of densities that are drawn from a given family. When the log-likelihood function for the EM algorithm satisfies a certain condition, the maximization procedure is shown to require only a weighted sum of the collected sensing statistics. Numerical examples show that in various scenarios the proposed EM algorithm produces more accurate estimates than the sample average does.

The windows for achieving good multiple-access performance of multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems employing minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receivers are studied. The optimization objective, mean-squared error (MSE) minimization, is examined in the time domain. In a simplified two-user system, the optimization problem is shown to be equivalent to the problem of selecting the chip waveform in an asynchronous DS-CDMA system employing a matched filter. The rectangular window is shown to be optimum, while regarded as an inferior window in OFDM systems due to high spectral sidelobes and slow spectral rolloff.