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Additional file 1: Supplemental Fig 1. Effect of Cur on Caco-2 cell proliferation assessed by inverted microscopy (magnification, 400×). A Caco-2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of Cur (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM) for 48 h. B Cells of the Caco-2 line were incubated with the indicated concentrations of MC (100 μM), Cur (10 μM), and HC (9 μM) for 48 h. Cur, curcumin; MC, micellar cholesterol; HC, HC-030031. Supplemental Fig 2. Expression levels of NPC1L1, TRPA1, PPARγ, SP-1, SREBP-2 in the colorectal cancer cell lines (taken from the Expression Atlas [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/home]). A Expression levels of NPC1L1 in the colorectal cancer cell lines. B Expression levels of TRPA1, PPARγ, SP-1, SREBP-2 in the Caco-2, SW620, LoVo, HCT116, SW480, and HF-29 cell line. FPKM, fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped; NPC1L1, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1; TPM, transcripts per million; TRPA1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; SREBP-2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2; SP-1, specificity protein-1. Supplemental Fig 3. The potential effect of Cur on Caco-2, SW620, HCT116, and LoVo cell lines. A and B Caco-2, SW620, HCT116, and LoVo cells were incubated with 10 μM Cur for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay (A). Effect of Cur on cellular uptake of micellar cholesterol in Caco-2, SW620, HCT116, and LoVo cell line (B). Data presented as mean ± SEM. (n = 4). **P < 0.01 vs control, ***P < 0.01 vs control (A) or MC (B). Cur, curcumin; MC, micellar cholesterol; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; SEM, standard error of the mean. Supplemental Fig 4. Effect of the PPARγ signal on Caco-2 cell proliferation with Cur. Caco-2 cells were pretreated with 10 μM BRL or 5 μM GW9662 and incubated with 10 μM Cur for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Data presented as mean ± SEM. (n = 5). ***P < 0.001 vs control, ###P < 0.001 vs Cur, &&P < 0.01 vs Cur. Cur, curcumin; BRL, rosiglitazone, BRL 49653; GW, GW 9662; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Compression and liquefaction of carbon dioxide are important parts of the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) process. A CCUS project with an actual workload of 1 million tons/year of China is simulated and analyzed in this paper. A new process scheme of compressed liquefaction of CO₂ in the CCUS project by using liquid natural gas (LNG) cold energy through CO₂ pipeline transportation is proposed to save energy and reduce consumption. The CO₂ hydrate prediction models were compared. Based on the thermodynamic path of the CO₂ compression liquefaction process, the energy consumption of four process models is compared. The relevant factors, which affect the economy of the new process are investigated, and the technical and economic model is optimized for the new technology scheme of CO₂ pipeline. The total cost of the new process of economic is evaluated and the effective quantitative distances for energy saving are obtained. The results show that when the moisture content of CO₂ is below 500ppmMol, the new technology will not cause hydrate blockage. The economic viability of the new process (Three stage compression with compressor + liquefaction by using cold energy + pump) is significantly affected by the distance between the LNG receiving station and thermal power plant, and the total cost will be reduced by 30%, 23%, and 8% at a distance of 25, 50 and 100 km, respectively. The distance between LNG receiving station and gas power plant is 125 km, the application of new technology can bring about energy saving and consumption reduction. Through the sensitivity analysis based on NPV and IRR of the new process, the results are economically feasible, and CO₂ profit is the most sensitive factor.

The hydrogen-blended combustion technology is a new technology that mixes a specific proportion of hydrogen, in the fuel, to improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. This technology is considered to be an effective method in improving the overall energy produced. The principle of “power to gas” technology is to take advantage of the intermittent nature of both wind-generated and solar energy, by using the surplus energy for the production of hydrogen by the electrolysis of water. The hydrogen can then be combined with carbon dioxide to produce methane, or by direct addition to natural gas in the pipeline network, thus enabling large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy. The rationality of the application of hydrogen-blended combustion technology in gas boilers is based on a simplified mechanism of GRI-MECH 3.0 of methane combustion. This reaction contains 24 elementary reactions involving 17 components. In this work, a numerical simulation experiment was designed, where atmospheric air was the oxidant, and the oxygen excess coefficient was maintained as a constant. A total of eleven groups of methane/hydrogen premixing ratios Rf (0~1) were considered and the effects of differing hydrogen blending ratios on fuel combustion temperature, combustion rate, and main pollutant emission concentrations were studied. The results showed that, by increasing the hydrogen blending ratio, both the combustion temperature and the reaction rate increased. Similarly, the concentration and the total emissions of soot and CO decreased, while the concentration of NOx increased, however, the total emissions decreased first then increased. The mechanisms relating to the effect of hydrogen mixing on the combustion process and the resultant pollutant formation were also analyzed, concerning China's urban fuel gas interchangeability regulations and industrial pollutant emission standards, the optimal hydrogen blending ratio was determined to be 23%., 本工作针对天然气掺氢燃烧技术在燃气锅炉的最佳掺混比开展数值模拟研究，以小火焰燃烧器为研究对象，计算了在空气氛围、恒定过氧系数、不同甲烷掺混氢气比条件下，掺氢比对燃料燃烧温度、燃烧速率、主要污染物排放浓度的影响。其中燃烧机理采用GRI-MECH 3.0简化机理，该反应包含24个基元反应，涉及17种组分。计算结果表明，随掺氢比增加，燃烧温度上升、燃烧反应速率加快，炭烟和CO的浓度与排放总量均降低，NOx的浓度上升但排放总量先减小后增大。结合我国城镇燃气的燃料互换性规范及工业污染物排放标准，得出最佳掺氢比为23%。

With the increasingly strict pollutant emission standards of natural gas industrial boilers, it is difficult to meet the existing demand by adopting one single technology to control pollutant emissions. In order to improve the combustion thermal efficiency and control pollutant emissions, this paper proposes a co-production scheme of natural gas oxy-fuel humidified combustion and replacement of natural gas hydrate (NGH) with flue gas based on the combined technical route of oxy-fuel combustion, humidified combustion and low NOx combustion. Through the numerical simulation of natural gas premixed steam combustion, the optimum steam premixed ratio is determined to be Rf=0.33. On this basis, the effects of different flue gas recirculation ratios and excess air coefficients on natural gas humidified combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics are analyzed to obtain the optimal working conditions. After one flue gas recirculation, the energy return on investment(EROI) of direct replacement mining NGH is 7.5, meaning it has an actual exploitation value.

对O₂/CO₂气氛中甲烷预混水蒸气燃烧特性及主要污染物生成进行了数值模拟研究，在加湿燃烧的基础上提出一种全新的清洁燃烧方式，即在保证甲烷流量一定时，通过改变入口处水蒸气的质量分数，研究水蒸气预混比Rf(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4和0.5)对燃烧流场、燃烧组分和污染物浓度的影响。结果表明，随Rf增大，燃烧反应速率上升、燃烧效率提高且污染物排放量降低。模拟所得甲烷预混水蒸气的最优气氛为81%CH₄/19%H2O，提出了一种高效节能的O₂/CO₂气氛下水蒸气预混CH₄燃烧与烟气余热梯级利用方案。

Novel bendazac analogues and their salts have been designed and prepared. The resulting compounds (13c–d, 15c, 17c) showed very good aqueous solubility (>100 mg/mL). An in vitro assay showed that most of the resulting compounds had potent protective activity against the oxidative damage. Particularly, compound 13d was also able to enhance the WSP and T-AOC level in the H2O2/FeCl3-induced oxidative damage model, indicating the resulting compound may protect the lens through an antioxidant pathway.