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V tretje življenjsko obdobje, za katerega je značilnih precej sprememb na biološko-fiziološkem, psihološkem in socialnem področju, uvrščamo osebo, ki je dopolnila 65 let. Ugotavljali smo, kako starejši odrasli doživljajo svoje domače okolje, s katerimi omejitvami v njem se soočajo, kako to vpliva na njihovo vsakodnevno funkcioniranje ter ali znotraj doma uporabljajo kakšne strategije, pripomočke oziroma prilagoditve. V kvalitativni raziskavi smo izvedli polstrukturirane intervjuje s petimi starejšimi osebami, ki živijo v domačem okolju. S kvalitativno analizo podatkov smo določili 3 kategorije, 12 podkategorij ter 43 kod. Ugotovili smo, da domače okolje starejše odrasle spodbuja k izvajanju aktivnosti, jim omogoča dostop do storitev in ohranjanje oz. krepitev socialne mreže. Strategij, pripomočkov in prilagoditev se poslužujejo dokaj malo, pri tem pa je ključna vključitev delovnega terapevta, ki pa je v Sloveniji še vedno premalo poznan zdravstveni strokovnjak. A person who has reached the age of 65 is classified in the third period of life, which is characterized by many changes in the biological-physiological, psychological and social fields. We found out how older adults experience their home environment, what limitations they face in it, how this affects their daily functioning and whether they use any strategies, aids or adaptations inside the home. In a qualitative research, we conducted semi-structured interviews with five elderly people living in their home environment. Through qualitative data analysis, we determined 3 categories, 12 subcategories and 43 codes. We found that the home environment encourages older adults to carry out activities, enables them to access services and preserve or strengthening the social network. Strategies, tools and adaptations are used quite a bit, and the inclusion of an occupational therapist, who is still an insufficiently known medical expert in Slovenia, is key.

Dans cet article, nous partons du principe qu’une lecture fataliste de la maternité célibataire au Maroc fait échapper à l’analyse des aspects importants en lien avec les modalités de gestion de cette expérience et les actions adoptées au quotidien par les mères célibataires pour réorganiser leur vécu. L’hypothèse à vérifier consiste à présumer que la maternité célibataire, en dépit de l’exclusion et de la précarité qu’elle engendre, ne représente pas nécessairement une expérience qui sépare entièrement les mères célibataires du monde social et qui les dépossède de toute possibilité d’action et d’affirmation. L’enquête qualitative menée par le biais d’entretiens approfondis et de l’observation (directe et participante) ont permis de s’arrêter sur les logiques d’actions des mères célibataires et sur leur positionnement dans les interactions au quotidien avec leur entourage social. Les données du terrain issues de cette enquête démontrent une tendance chez elles à s’efforcer de surmonter les implications des facteurs objectifs (analphabétisme, insuffisance scolaire, travail précaire, chômage, etc.) et subjectifs (stigmatisation, mise à l’écart, etc.) de leur précarité et de leur exclusion. Elles manifestent une résistance face à la difficulté de leur vécu par le recours à des adaptations et à des stratégies multiples. Pour échapper aux répercussions d’une image sociale souillée par le stigmate, systématiquement associée à leur statut, des mères célibataires s’approprient d’autres statuts matrimoniaux ayant plus de légitime sociale, d’autres cherchent à contrôler l’information sur leur stigmate en quittant le quartier d’habitation ou la ville d’origine. Quand les stratégies de contournement du stigmate ne peuvent être mises en œuvre, des mères célibataires s’affirment dans leurs interactions sociales en faisant face aux jugements négatifs des autres. Affrontements, conflits, contre-rejet sont autant de réactions qui procurent aux mères célibataires le sentiment qu’elles font autorité et leur permettent de préserver une image positive d’elles-mêmes. Suite à leur transgression des normes sociales communément admise, les liens sociaux des mères célibataires se trouvent souvent affectés. Toutefois, cela n’implique pas nécessairement une rupture irrémédiable de ces liens avec leur entourage social. En effet, en dépit de la fragilisation des liens sociaux, notamment ceux antérieurs à la maternité célibataire (famille, amis, voisins, etc.), des mères célibataires arrivent à réinstaurer les liens délités et à mobiliser des ressources en provenance de leur nouvel environnement social. Cela dit, elles ne sont pas entièrement séparées du monde social, leur sociabilité est en permanente construction et remodelage. Ainsi, des liens se dissocient, d’autres se renouent et se créent. Les mères célibataires mobilisent aussi bien des ressources sociales antérieures, que celles renouées avec la maternité célibataire. La mobilisation de ces ressources sociales leur permet de se renseigner sur les manières de s’adapter, de parvenir à calfeutrer une identité dévalorisée socialement, de surmonter leur précarité socio-économique, et de là savoir se comporter face aux difficultés de la vie quotidienne avec un minimum d’effort et de temps. Aux ressources sociales mobilisées s’ajoute des ressources institutionnelles, notamment associatives, et aussi des ressources professionnelles permettant aux mères célibataires de s’intégrer facilement dans le domaine du travail, en dépit de la précarité des emplois exercés. Avec autant de ressources, une mère célibataire tend vers une reconstitution d’une nouvelle place dans le monde en y tissant de nouveaux rapports à soi et aux autres. L’analyse démontre que les mères célibataires ne demeurent pas passives face aux manifestations de leur stigmatisation et de leur précarité sociale. Leur affirmation se traduit par une mise en place d’un éventail de stratégies (stratégies de contournement, stratégies d’alliance, stratégies de survie) dont le but principal est le repositionnement dans les rapports sociaux. Ces stratégies permettent de contrecarrer les menaces de basculement dans une position plus défavorable socialement. Single motherhood in Morocco often refers to a difficult experience marked by social exclusion. Indeed, pre-established legal, religious and social norms prohibit sexuality and reproduction outside of marriage. In a context marked by social control of reproduction and the repression of transgressive sexualities, particularly sexual relations outside of marriage, single mothers find themselves alone to take care for a child born out of wedlock, and to face an experience marked by social stigmatization and precariousness. The aim of this article is to understand how single mothers act in the face of an excluding social environment. How do they manage to adapt and reorganize their lives around the experience of single motherhood? What are the strategies and resources deployed to achieve this? The hypothesis put forward here consists in assuming that single mothers do not go through the path of exclusion without showing resistance and an ability to reorganize their new life. Based on a qualitative survey conducted as part of a doctoral thesis in Sociology, the analysis aims to account for the adaptations of single mothers and the strategies put in place to deal with the repercussions of stigma in everyday social interactions. في هذا المقال، ننطلق من مبدأ أن القراءة الجبرية للأمومة العازبة في المغرب تُـجَنِّبنا تحليل الجوانب المهمة المتعلقة بأساليب إدارة هذه التجربة والإجراءات التي تتّخذها الأمهات العازبات في الحياة اليومية لإعادة تنظيم معيشتهنَّ. وتتمثّل الفرضية التي ينبغي التحقـُّق منها في افتراض أن الأمومة العازبة، على الرغم من الإقصاء والهشاشة الناتجة عنها، لا تمثل بالضرورة تجربة تفصل فصلاً تاماً الأمهاتِ العازباتِ عن العالم الاجتماعي وتحرمهنَّ من كل إمكانية للعمل وإثبات الذات. لقد أتاح البحثُ النوعي الذي أُجريَ من خلال مقابلات معمَّقة ومشاهَدات (مباشرة وعن طريق مشاركين) التركيزَ على منطق أفعال الأمهات العازبات وعلى تحديد موقعهن في التفاعلات اليومية مع محيطهن الاجتماعي. تُبيِّنُ البياناتُ الميدانية لهذا البحث وجودَ اتّجاه لديهنَّ للسعي للتغلب على آثارِ العواملِ الموضوعية (الأمية والقصور المدرسي والعمل المؤقَّت والبطالة وما إلى ذلك) والعواملِ الذاتية (الوصمة [أو آثار الجروح] والإقصاء وما إلى ذلك) لهشاشتهنَّ وإقصائهنَّ. فيُظهرن مقاوَمةً أمام صعوبة معيشتهنّ من خلال اللجوء إلى حالات تكيُّـفٍ واستراتيجيات متعددة. وللهروب من تداعيات الصورة الاجتماعية الملطَّخة بالوصمة والمرتبطة بصورة منهجية بوضعهنَّ، تستحوِذ الأمهاتُ العازبات على أوضاع زوجية أخرى تتمتع بمزيد من الشرعية الاجتماعية، وتسعى أُخرياتٌ إلى التحكم في المعلومات المتعلقة بوصمتِهنَّ عن طريق مغادرة الحي السكني أو المدينة الأصلية. وعندما لا يمكن تنفيذ استراتيجيات تجاوُز الوصمة فإن الأمهات العازبات يؤكّدن أنفسهن في تفاعلاتهن الاجتماعية من خلال مواجهة الأحكام السلبية للآخرين. إن المواجهات والنراعات والرفض المُضادّ كلّها ردود أفعال تعطي الأمهاتِ العازبات شعوراً بأنهن يكتسبن حُجِّيَّة وتُتيح لهنَّ الحفاظَ على صورة إيجابية عن أنفسهن. وغالباً ما تتأثر الروابط الاجتماعية للأمهات العازبات نتيجةَ انتهاكِهنَّ الأعرافَ الاجتماعية المقبولة في العموم. ومع ذلك فإن هذا لا يعني بالضرورة قطيعةً مستعصية لهذه الروابط مع بيئتهنَّ الاجتماعية. ففي الواقع، وعلى الرغم من هشاشة الروابط الاجتماعية، وخاصة الروابط التي كانت قبل الأمومة العازبة (الأسرة والأصدقاء والجيران، إلخ) فقد تمكَّنت الأمهاتُ العازبات من إعادة العلاقات المقطوعة واستغلال الوسائل القادمة من بيئتهن الاجتماعية الجديدة. ومع ذلك فهم لا ينفصِلْنَ كلّياً عن العالم الاجتماعي، فاندماجُهم الاجتماعي هو قيد البناء وإعادة التشكيل باستمرار. وبالتالي، فهناك روابطُ تُقطَع وأُخرى تُجَدَّد وتُعقَد. وتقوم الأمهات العازبات باستثمار الوسائل الاجتماعية السابقة وكذلك الوسائل التي نشأَت بعد الأمومة العزباء. فيتيح لهن استثمارُ هذه الوسائل الاجتماعية التعرُّفَ على طُرقِ التكيفِ والنجاحَ في إصلاح هوية مدمَّرة اجتماعياً والتغلُّبَ على هشاشة وضعهنَّ الاجتماعي والاقتصادي، وبالتالي معرفة كيفية التصرف إزاءَ صعوبات الحياة اليومية بأقل جهد ووقت. وبالإضافة إلى الوسائل الاجتماعية المستثمَرة، هناك وسائل مؤسساتية، ولا سيما الجمعيات، وكذلك الوسائل المهنية التي تتيح للأمهات العازبات الاندماجَ بسهولة في مجال العمل، على الرغم من هشاشة الوظائف التي يمارسنها.و مع وجود الكثير من الوسائل، تميل الأم العازبة إلى إعادة بناء مكان جديد في العالم من خلال نسج علاقات جديدة مع نفسها ومع الآخرين. يُظهر التحليل أن الأمهاتِ العازبات لا يبقين سلبياتٍ أمامَ مظاهر وصمهنَّ وهشاشتهنَّ الاجتماعية . ويُترجَم إصرارهنَّ من خلال تنفيذ مجموعة من الاستراتيجيات (استراتيجيات الالتفاف واستراتيجيات التحالف واستراتيجيات البقاء) هدفها الرئيسي إعادة التموضع في العلاقات الاجتماعية. تتيح هذه الاستراتيجياتُ التصدّي لتهديدات السقوط في وضع مهمَّش اجتماعياً.

For the first time, an assessment of phenotypic variability and genetic polymorphism was performed on endemic plants Scutellaria tuvensis Juz. growing in Tuva (five populations; Russia). Based on morphological traits of individuals, principal component analysis clustered the individuals into three groups depending on characteristics of their habitats: group 1 turned out to be sampled from beach gravel, group 2 from a detrital cone, and group 3 from coarse rock fragments; this finding was confirmed by specific features of the development of the individuals in these habitats. Using inter-simple sequence repeat markers, high genetic polymorphism was identified at the population level: the proportion of polymorphic loci was 95%, expected heterozygosity 0.221, the absolute number of alleles 1.533, and the effective number of alleles 1.376. Population 3 (P 3) was the most genetically homogeneous; P 5 was characterized by the highest genetic diversity. In an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram, the studied populations formed two major groups: the first cluster included P 4 and P 5, and the second cluster contained plants collected in P 1, P 2, and P 3. An analysis of the population structure using the STRUCTURE software showed the same result, dividing the sample under study into two subpopulations. The genetic differentiation index among populations was 0.232, and gene flow 1.655. According to analysis of molecular variance, intrapopulation differences accounted for 73% of total genetic diversity.

With its suspenseful atmosphere, mysterious and murderous male protagonist, and magical objects, it is hardly surprising that Charles Perrault’s conte bleu ‘La Barbe bleue’ (1697) was the inspiration for numerous Gothic tales in the nineteenth century. Some of these adaptations placed Gothic devices such as the representation of the terror experienced by Bluebeard’s latest wife within the broader nineteenth-century cultural discourse on female deviance, and its relations with masculine authority and dominance. By removing from the tale Perrault’s warning against female curiosity and imprudence and focusing on the wife’s feelings of fear and terror, these adaptations amplify the intrinsic Gothicism of the Bluebeard story, thus providing the female protagonist with a psychological depth that includes, as I demonstrate in this study, a display of a variety of abnormal behaviours. In these Gothic adaptations, the terror experienced by Bluebeard’s wife serves as a springboard for the representation of psychological and nervous disorders commonly diagnosed in the nineteenth century such as hysteria, monomania, female depravity, and masochism. Showing the interculturality and intermediality of these themes, this essay analyses rewritings of Perrault’s ‘Bluebeard’ from nineteenth-century Britain, France, and the United States, including Gothic bluebooks, poems, dramas, and short stories.

Using Shakespeare’s criticism and archival theory as lenses, this article enlarges understandings of the interconnections between a complex television series and Shakespeare. Forming a Shakespearean archive, Sons of Anarchy (SOA), based on Hamlet and other plays by Shakespeare, is packed with Shakespearean allusions, rather than citations, whose impact in the overall work is yet to be explored. Shakespearean formations, identifiable in the series’ para-texts, episodes, and transmedia materials, add political weight to SOA. This intertextuality invites us to regard Shakespeare’s influence in complex television as transformative.

ilustraciones, partituras Este trabajo tiene como finalidad mostrar el proceso de elaboración de la edición crítica, de cuatro adaptaciones del guitarrista Álvaro Bedoya de la Música del célebre compositor santandereano Luis Antonio Calvo, escritas originalmente para Piano. A partir, de la recopilación, análisis y convergencia de diferentes documentos que aportan información de tipo biográfica, estética y musical, relevante para el montaje e interpretación de la obra, de uno de los compositores colombianos más importantes de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Tendrá diferentes apartados dentro de los cuales se pueden encontrar. Una breve reseña de los acontecimientos más importantes de la vida del compositor. Un capítulo, sobre las semblanzas de su “polifacética” personalidad artística, que pretende mostrar las principales influencias compositivas y situar de manera correcta su estilo musical. A demás se realizará una revisión exhaustiva, de las adaptaciones hechas por Álvaro Bedoya Sánchez, con el objetivo de concretar unas notas a la edición, que permitan corregir posibles errores de notas o acordes en su elaboración, y que en cierta forma no reflejen las genuinas ideas musicales de Calvo. Para finalmente materializar en la partitura una edición revisada e informada de estas cuatro piezas que incluye, las correcciones a que hubiere lugar, aportando las herramientas para un proceso de montaje más fluido de las obras. Ayudando así, a la difusión de este nuevo repertorio para la guitarra, poco explorado en el contexto nacional (Texto tomado de la fuente) The aim of this study is The purpose of this work is to show the process of elaboration of the critical edition of four adaptations of the Music of the famous composer from Santander Luis Antonio Calvo, made by the guitarist Alvaro Bedoya; they were originally written for Piano. The compilation, analysis and convergence of different documents that provide biographical, aesthetic and musical nature information, relevant to the assembly and interpretation of one of the most important Colombian composers of the first half of the xx century’s work. This work have different sections within which they can be found: a brief review of the most important events in the composer's life. A chapter about the appearances of his "multifaceted" artistic personality, which are intended to show the main compositional influences and correctly situate his musical style. Besides, an exhaustive review of the adaptations made by Álvaro Bedoya Sánchez will be carried out, to specify some notes to the edition, which allow correcting possible errors of notes or chords in its elaboration, and that in a certain way, do not reflect Calvo's genuine musical ideas. To finally materialize in the score a revised and informed edition of these four pieces that include the corrections that may take place, providing the Tools for a more fluid assembly process of the Works and contributing to the diffusion of this new repertoire for the guitar, little explored in the national context. https://youtu.be/0AUcwoTq7-U Enlace video concierto de grado Maestría Magíster en Interpretación y Pedagogía Instrumental Investigación Documental de tipo Musicológico

There are many cognitive, physical, and social–emotional benefits for youths from participating in outdoor adventure activities. However, youths with visual impairments are not given the same opportunities to participate in outdoor adventure activities as their peers without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the outdoor adventure experiences of youths with visual impairments participating in a week-long sports camp. Thirty-seven youths with visual impairment (ages 9–19 years) attending a one-week sports camp participated in this study. Participants engaged in a variety of outdoor adventure activities throughout the week of camp (e.g., sailing, hiking, rock climbing, biking, kayaking). Participants provided written accounts about their outdoor adventure experiences and were observed throughout the week during each activity to examine instructional strategies and task modifications. Additionally, 10 randomly chosen athletes, their one-on-one coaches, and five outdoor recreation specialists participated in focus group interviews. The data analysis revealed three major themes: (1) Benefits, (2) Support, and (3) Barriers. The subthemes of benefits were enjoyment, independence, and relationships; the subthemes of support were instructional strategies and task modifications; and subthemes for barriers were fear and anxiety, exclusion and low expectations, and lack of equipment. These findings support the inclusion of youths with visual impairments in all outdoor adventure programming with appropriate instruction and modification.

Objectives The occlusal surface of many mammalian teeth has grooves that have been collectively called crenulations. The evolutionary significance of this trait is unknown, but it has been associated with a hard diet. It has not been explained, however, why crenulated molars may present an increased mechanical resistance. The objective of this study was to determine whether a crenulated surface dissipate mechanical stress more efficiently than a smooth one. Materials and methods Using mu CT scans we built 3D models of lower second molars from Homo, Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo. The crenulated models from Homo and Pongo were modified to remove crenulations. Finite element analysis was used to determine the distribution of mechanical stress in all the models when a vertical force was applied. Results The results show that crenulated molars have a distinctive pattern of mechanical stress, namely the stress is higher in the valleys than in the crests of the crenulations. In non-crenulated molars, mechanical stress is more homogeneously distributed. Highly crenulated molars of orangutans show the smallest values of mean stress among the compared species. Artificially removing crenulations results in more homogeneous distribution of stresses and increased mean stress values. Conclusions Molar crenulations may increase molar resistance by canalizing mechanical stress from the tip to the base of the cusps. The overall cusp shape also influences the distribution of stress. This mechanism may be a functional hypothesis to explain the association between crenulated molars and mechanically demanding diets.

IntroductionPlant functional traits (FTs) are important for understanding plant ecological strategies (e.g., drought avoidance), especially in the nutrient-poor soils of serpentine ecosystems. In the Mediterranean areas, such ecosystems are characterized by climatic factors (e.g., summer drought) that exert a filtering effect.Material and MethodsIn our study, we analyzed 24 species with varying serpentine affinity, from strictly serpentine plants to generalist plants, from two ultramafic shrublands in southern Spain, considering four FTs: plant height (H), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and stem specific density (SSD). Additionally, we also identified the species’ dominant strategies to avoid drought and those strategies’ relationship to serpentine affinity. We used principal component analysis to identify combinations of FTs, and cluster analysis to define Functional Groups (FGs).Results and DiscussionWe defined eight FGs, which suggests that such Mediterranean serpentine shrublands are composed of species with wide-ranging of FTs. Indicator traits explained 67–72% of the variability based on four strategies: (1) lower H than in other Mediterranean ecosystems; (2) middling SSD; (3) low LA; and (4) low SLA due to thick and/or dense leaves, which contribute to long leaf survival, nutrient retention, and protection from desiccation and herbivory. Generalist plants had higher SLA than obligate serpentine plants, whereas the obligate serpentine plants showed more drought avoidance mechanisms than the generalists. Although most plant species inhabiting Mediterranean serpentine ecosystems have shown similar ecological adaptations in response to the Mediterranean environment, our results suggest that serpentine obligate plant species could present greater resilience to climate change. Given greater number and more pronounced drought avoidance mechanisms in these species compared with generalists, and the high number of FGs identified, the serpentine plants have shown adaptation to severe drought.

Louisa May Alcott je pod pritiskom svoje družine in založnika leta 1868 napisala in izdala prvi del romana Little Women, ki je kmalu postal literarna klasika, namenjena predvsem kot vzgojno čtivo mladim dekletom. Danes se poleg brezčasne zgodbe roman pojavlja predvsem v feministično obarvanih razpravah in s poudarkom na avtobiografskih elementih. Zgodba, ki lepo predstavi položaj žensk v patriarhalni družbi 19. stoletja, odpira možnost feminističnega branja. Resnično najdemo v delu elemente, ki že namigujejo na takratno počasno rojevanje feminizma in zahtevajo opolnomočenje žensk v smislu samostojnosti in enakopravnosti. Glavni glas teh idej je v omenjenem romanu Jo March, danes pa zgodbo štirih Marchevih sester in njihov boj za svoje mesto v moškem svetu poleg originalnega romana pripovedujejo tudi številne adaptacije. Kot brezčasna literarna klasika je delo doživelo svojo sodobno ubeseditev izpod peresa pisateljice Anne Todd pod naslovom The Spring Girls, številni scenaristi in producenti, med katerimi se je pod zadnjo adaptacijo podpisala Greta Gerwig, pa so zgodbo malih žensk ponesli na filmska platna. Pri prehajanju iz enega zgodovinskega časa in kraja v drugega, kakor se je tega lotila Anna Todd, ki je originalno romaneskno zgodbo prestavila v 21. stoletje, in pri prehajanju žanrov, kar se dogaja pri filmskih adaptacijah, se deloma spremenijo tudi vsebina, ideje in sporočila zgodbe. Tako sodobna po-pripoved pokaže sodobni svet, v katerem so ženske samostojne in se lahko svobodno odločajo o svojem življenju – imajo izbiro najmlajša filmska adaptacija romana pa subtilne feministične tone postavi v ospredje, da zazvenijo v vsej svoji polnosti. Obe adaptaciji se pripovedi lotita tudi s pomočjo drugačne pripovedne tehnike, spremenjenega ansambla oseb in še bi lahko naštevali. Kar vsa tri umetniška dela povezuje, pa je zgodba o štirih sestrah, ki si utirajo vsaka svojo pot v svet, ki je do njih bolj ali manj pravičen, ter sporočilo, da si ženske zaslužijo več in enako. In 1868, pressured by her family and publisher, Louisa May Alcott wrote the first installment of her novel Little Women, which soon became a literary classic mostly meant as educational reading material for young girls. Apart from the timeless story, the novel is today often a part of feminist debates with an emphasis on autobiographical elements. The story, which nicely presents the situation of women in the 19th century, is open for a feminist reading. There are elements in the novel that allude to the slow birth of feminism at the time and call for female empowerment in the sense of independence and equality. Jo March is the loudest advocate of such ideas in the novel however, today, the story of the four March sisters and their fight for their place in the male world has also been retold by numerous adaptations. As a timeless classic, this literary piece became a modern re-telling with the title The Spirng Girls by Anna Todd, while many screenwriters and producers put the story of little women on the big screens. The latest was Greta Gerwig. The time shifts from one historical time and place to another, as illustrated by Anna Todd in her 21st-century re-telling, and the shifts in genres, which all occur in the film adaptations, also bring about a slight change in the content, idea, and message of the original story. Thus, the modern re-telling shows the contemporary world, in which women have their independence and are able to make decisions for their lives – they have a choice. On the other hand, the most recent film adaptation of the novel brings its subtle feminist tones into the forefront and lets them ring out in their entirety. Both adaptations deal with the original using a different narration technique, a changed ensemble of characters, and the addition of some other changes as well. However, what connects all three pieces of art is the story of four sisters who are making their way in a world that is more or less fair towards them and the message that women deserve more and the same.

Alexa Alice Joubin’s entry expands the global scope of The Chaucer Encyclopedia (4 vols). This entry, in Volume 3, examines the work by the Chinese translator Lin Shu’s (1852-1924). Lin translated and rewrote several key stories from the Canterbury Tales. Joubin argues that Lin’s works exemplify early twentieth-century Chinese imaginaries of medieval England. Joubin conducted philological tracing to reveal that Lin based his rewritings on Charles Cowden Clarke’s 1833 Tales from Chaucer in Prose, a prose rendition of ten tales intended for young audiences. Lin categorized most of the tales as fairy tales. Lin was the most prolific and influential translator of foreign literature in early twentieth-century China, who, in addition to rewriting Chaucer and Shakespeare (see shakespeare, william), rendered more than 180 Japanese, German, French, Spanish, and English dramas and novels into classical Chinese. Joubin’s research shows that Lin’s short stories rendered Chaucer in the Ming- and Qing-dynasty narrative tradition of love, filial piety, and exotic adventures. He applied a Confucian moral framework to turn Clarke’s Victorian rewriting intended for women and children into stories for the predominantly male elites in China. Lin’s texts gave the impression that Chaucer concentrated on fairies and ghosts. Lin used this strategic rewriting to counter the rhetoric deployed by those of his contemporaries who were in favor of totalWesternization and had been influenced by the Enlightenment and rationalism.

The screen as an interface immerses audiences in an alternate universe. As a result, that interface seems transparent. Through analyses of performances that call attention to filmic genres, such as Edgar Wright’s parody film, Hot Fuzz (2007), and the Wooster Group’s multimedia production, Hamlet (2007), as well as (meta)theatrical operations on small screens within cinematic and digital performances, such as Ralph Fiennes’ Coriolanus (2011), the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Dream (2021), and Michael Almereyda’s film Hamlet (2000), this chapter argues that the screen is an interface that generates dramatic meanings and that promotes audiences’ self-reflexivity. ::::: Performance, as a medium, interfaces with textual variants, audience expectations, and site-specific arts—artworks produced and consumed at specific physical sites and in designated social spaces. Performances with screens as interface, in particular, create celluloid and digital pathways to various ideologies. The interface between humans (story-tellers) and machines (technologies of representation) governs the very logic of screened performance as a narrative medium. ::::: With case studies showing how screens big and small have become more than technologies of representation, this chapter reveals the central place of screen as interface between the different universes of the characters, the performers, and the audiences.

To investigate possible persistent performance deficits after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in elite athletes. A prospective cohort study in three Belgian professional male football teams was performed during the 2020 − 2021 season. Participants were submitted to strength, jump, and sprint tests and an aerobic performance test (the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test (YYIR)). These tests were repeated at fixed time intervals throughout the season. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test before each official game. Of the 84 included participants, 22 were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during follow-up. At the first testing after infection (52.0 ± 11.2 days after positive PCR testing) significantly higher percentages of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) were seen – within the isolated group of infected players- during (p = .006) and after the YYIR (2 min after, p = .013), compared to pre-infection data. This increase in %HRmax was resolved at the second YYIR testing after infection (127.6 ± 33.1 days after positive PCR testing). Additionally, when comparing the first test after infection in formerly infected to non-infected athletes, significantly higher %HRmax were found during (p < .001) and after the YYIR test (p < .001),No significant deficits were found for the jump, muscular strength or sprint tests. Aerobic performance seems compromised even weeks after infection. Simultaneously, anaerobic performance seemed to be spared. Because of the potential detrimental effects on the immune system, caution might be advised with high-intensity exposure until aerobic performance is restored.KEY MESSAGESElite football players’ aerobic performance seems to be affected for weeks after they return to sports after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.Similarly, anaerobic performance tests showed no discernible changes between both before and after SARS-CoV-2 infections.Regular YYIR testing is recommended to monitor aerobic performance after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Elite football players’ aerobic performance seems to be affected for weeks after they return to sports after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Similarly, anaerobic performance tests showed no discernible changes between both before and after SARS-CoV-2 infections. Regular YYIR testing is recommended to monitor aerobic performance after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Mental health in Sweden is on the decline, with young people reporting the poorest outcomes. Reports show how schools fail in their preventive work when dealing with mental illness and that the burden of responsibility falls mainly on teachers who are forced to take initiative and thus are behind the few efforts that are made. The purpose of the study is to contribute with increased knowledge about how teachers are affected by their students’ struggle with mental health. Using an activity-pedagogical and social-cognitive theoretical approach and with qualitative content analysis, the results of five qualitative interviews with Swedish secondary school teachers are examined. The results of this study find that teachers are reporting a decline in mental health in their students and that they feel the weight of responsibility in dealing with this very complex issue. The results show that teachers tend to seek help and support via their teacher colleagues rather than the mental health professionals in the student health team. The interviews also showed that teachers in a lot of cases can tell early on when their students are experiencing symptoms of mental illness and in doing so take it upon themselves to adapt their planning and teaching to facilitate the student’s learning. Mental illness is however not considered when grading. Teachers are missing the resources to support students in mental illness and the burden of responsibility needs to be shared with professionals who are trained in and equipped with dealing with mental health.

The main purpose of this work is to summarize the changing functional morphology of Eurasian mammoths throughout the Pleistocene, along with a short summarization of the Pleistocene environments of Eurasia. Dietary habits of mainland European mammoths are also be described, as the dental morphology and microwear analysis of mammoth teeth is often used as an environmental indicator. The transition between early mammoths such as Mammuthus rumanus, Mammuthus meridionalis and more derived grassland mammoths such as Mammuthus trogontherii and Mammuthus primigenius is illustrated through morphological adaptations and a change in their diet.

Nocturnal pollination is a part of the reproductive process of plants. The night is characterized by changes in abiotic factors, mainly by a decrease in solar radiation and temperature, while plants and pollinators adapt to these conditions. Plants and pollinators adapt to each other throught the process of coevolution. As a result plants present traits preferred by their pollinators. Sets of convergent traits shared by plants pollinated by single functional group are called pollination syndromes and include reward type, scent, colour and flower morphology. The pollination syndromes and other adaptations of plants pollinated by nocturnal pollinators are presented in this thesis, in the context of adaptations of pollinators' senses to nighttime conditions. Simultaneously, it is referred to the evolutionary reasons for the transition of activity to the night. Significant nocturnal pollinators, associated with pollination syndromes include moths, divided into hawkmoths (sphingophily pollination syndrome) and other nocturnal moths (phalaenophily), bats (chiropterophily) and non-flying mammals (therophily). Other important nocturnal pollinators exhibiting adaptations to nocturnal pollination are beetles and nocturnal bees.

The present study focuses on exploring the strategies and adaptations employed by English teachers in assessing students with autism. The study seeks to investigate both the types of strategies and adaptations employed, as well as the degree to which they are utilized. The research methodology employed is quantitative in nature, utilizing a descriptive analysis approach. For data collection, an internet-based survey was developed and administered to collect responses from a total of 50 English teachers. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software, with the goal of identifying frequencies and underlying patterns within the data. The findings of the study indicate that communicative adaptations are predominantly favored by teachers, while supplementary digital aids are underutilized. Notably, primary school teachers were found to employ a wider range of adaptations during assessments compared to their counterparts in upper secondary schools across various variables. Adaptations requiring substantial teacher involvement, resource allocation, and pedagogical modifications were notably less common among upper secondary school teachers. Furthermore, gender was observed to influence the provision of specific digital aids, with female teachers showing a greater inclination towards their use compared to male teachers. Moreover, teaching experience demonstrated a relationship with the utilization of adaptations, as more experienced teachers reported employing adaptations to a greater extent during assessments, whereas novice teachers reported using adaptations less frequently. The author acknowledges the need for further research with a larger sample size to validate and expand upon these findings. Den aktuella studien fokuserar på att utforska de strategier och anpassningar som används av engelsklärare vid bedömning av elever med autism. Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka typer av strategier och anpassningar som används vid bedömning, samt i vilken utsträckning de tillämpas. Forskningsmetoden som används är kvantitativ och använder en deskriptiv analysansats. För datainsamling utvecklades en internetbaserad enkät som samlade in svar från totalt 50 engelsklärare. De insamlade data analyserades med hjälp av statistisk analys i programvaran SPSS för att identifiera frekvenser och underliggande mönster. Resultaten från studien indikerar att kommunikativa anpassningar i hög grad föredras av lärare, medan kompletterande digitala hjälpmedel används i mindre utsträckning. Särskilt framkom det att lärare i grundskolan använder ett bredare utbud av anpassningar vid bedömningar jämfört med lärare i gymnasieskolan, över olika variabler. Anpassningar som kräver betydande lärarinblandning, resursfördelning och pedagogiska modifieringar var märkbart mindre vanliga bland lärare i gymnasieskolan. Dessutom observerades en könsskillnad i tillhandahållandet av specifika digitala hjälpmedel, där kvinnliga lärare visade en större benägenhet att använda dem jämfört med manliga lärare. Därtill visade undervisningserfarenhet en koppling till användningen av anpassningar, där mer erfarna lärare rapporterade en större användning av anpassningar vid bedömningar, medan nybörjarlärare använde anpassningar mindre frekvent. Författaren understryker behovet av vidare forskning med en större urvalsstorlek för att validera och utvidga dessa resultat.

*WORK IN PROGRESS* - In this review of literature, we address consensual non-monogamy (CNM) through Tinbergen’s four questions, also know as the levels of analysis. This framework is used to comprehensively examine and understand the reasons behind a trait, behavior, or feature of an animal, encompassing the proximate (ontogenic and mechanistic) and ultimate (phylogenetic and adaptive) reasons. In that line, we approach engagement in CNM as the human behavior to dissect. Prior literature on human mating strategies has often focused on the reasons why serial monogamy is evolutionarily advantageous. This paper accounts proximate and ultimate level processes that may explain why some individuals alternatively seek out and engage in CNM relationships.

To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) Instrument into the Slovene language.Based on general international guidelines, a six-step process of localization to translate and adjust the instrument from English into the Slovene language was used. Content validity was quantified based on an agreement of eight experts. The instrument was tested using a sample of 140 nursing documentations from two Slovenian tertiary hospitals.26 of 29 items showed an excellent content validity index ranging from 0.857 to 1.000, and a modified kappa index above 0.856. The content validity indexes of the three remaining items adjusted based on experts' comments were subsequently estimated at 1.000. Construct validity was significantly different between the two groups of documentations. The Cronbach coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.860. Cronbach's alpha if item deleted reamins above 0.80 for all items. The criteria for the difficulty grades of items and discrimination validity were acceptably met for more than 75% of items.Based on the results of the study, it may be concluded that Q-DIO is a reliable instrument for measuring the quality of nursing documentation. The deviations in the results of some items are due to poor nursing documentation quality, and indicate that nursing classifications have not yet been fully implemented into practice in the study setting. Additional testing of the instrument is recommended.Opisati medkulturno prilagoditev inštrumenta Kakovost negovalnih diagnoz, intervencij in izidov (Q-DIO) v Slovenski jezik.Za prevod in prilagoditev inštrumenta iz slovenskega v angleški jezik je bil, na osnovi mednarodnih priporočil, uporabljen šeststopenjski postopek lokalizacije. Vsebinska veljavnost je bila izračunana na osnovi strinjanja osmih strokovnjakov. Testiranje inštrumenta je bilo izvedeno na vzorcu 140 negovalnih dokumentacij iz dveh Slovenskih terciarnih bolnišnic.Indeksi vsebinske veljavnosti posameznih postavk so bili odlični za 26 od 29 postavk in so se gibali od 0,857 do 1,000. Modificirani Cohenov indeks kapa pa se je gibal nad 0,860. Indeksi vsebinske veljavnosti drugih treh postavk, ki so bile popravljene na podlagi mnenj strokovnjakov, so bili naknadno ponovno ocenjeni. Vrednosti vseh treh so naknadno znašale 1,000. Konstruktna veljavnost se je značilno razlikovala med skupinama dokumentacij. Cronbachov koeficient za celotni vprašalnik je znašal 0,860. Koeficient Cronbach α posameznih postavk je ostal nad 0,80 tudi ob izključitvi katerekoli postavke. Analiza posameznih postavk inštrumenta glede pogostosti izbire postavke in veljavnosti diskriminacije je pokazala sprejemljive vrednosti za več kot 75 % postavk.Na podlagi rezultatov raziskave je mogoče sklepati, da je Q-DIO zanesljiv instrument za merjenje kakovosti negovalne dokumentacije. Odstopanja v rezultatih nekaterih postavk so posledica slabe kakovosti negovalne dokumentacije in kažejo, da klasifikacije zdravstvene nege še niso bile v celoti vpeljane v prakso v študijskem okolju. Priporočljivo je nadaljnje testiranje instrumenta.

The aim of this research is to study of eco-physiological adaptations of xylotrophic fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) to hypoxia, anoxia and hypercapnia as the main environmental factors that determine the activity of fungi in woody habitat. The study was carried out on seven species of polypore fungi widespread in the preforest-steppe pine-birch forests of the Central Urals, including both white (D. tricolor, D. septentrionalis, F. fomentarius, H. rutilans, T. biforme) and brown (F. betulina, F. pinicola) rot. Their CO2 and O2 gas exchange were analyzed in natural samples of woody substrates (Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris) and basidiocarps by the chamber method using a CO2/O2 gas analyzer. It was shown that the intensity of O2 gas exchange is positively related to the oxygen concentration but is not very sensitive to a decrease in its content in the woody habitat. Xylotrophic fungi are able to completely exhaust the O2 in the habitat, and this process is linear, indicating that they do not have threshold values for oxygen content. Oxygen consumption is accompanied by an adequate linear increase in CO2 concentration up to 18–19%. At a concentration of 5–10%, carbon dioxide does not affect the gas exchange of xylotrophic fungi and can even enhance it, but at 20% it significantly reduces its intensity. Xylotrophic fungi are resistant to high CO2 concentrations and remain viable at 100% CO2 concentration and are capable of growth under these conditions. In an oxygen-free habitat, anaerobic CO2 emissions are recorded; when O2 appears, its consumption is restored to the level preceding anoxia. Xylotrophic fungi are the specialized group of saprotrophic microaerophilic and capnophilic facultative anaerobes adapted to develop at low oxygen and high carbon dioxide concentration, anoxia.

Cet article propose une exploration d’une problématique contemporaine, celle de la privatisation de l’accès aux communs environnementaux côtiers et maritimes. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur une étude de cas territorialisée, qui s’intéresse à deux communautés fenniques de l’ouest de l’oblast de Leningrad (Russie) : les Votes et les Ingriens. Ces communautés, en forte déprise démographique, résistent et s’adaptent aux bouleversements qui affectent leur socio-écosystème depuis désormais une centaine d’années, mais exacerbés « seulement » depuis un demi-siècle. Leur principale activité, la pêche dans la baie de la Luga, est fortement perturbée. This paper explores a contemporary issue, the privatization of access to coastal and maritime environmental commons. To that end, it is based on a territorialized case study, which focuses on two Finnic communities in the western Leningrad oblast (Russia): the Votes and the Izhorians. These communities, which are experiencing a strong demographic decline, have been resisting and adapting to the upheavals that have been affecting their social-ecological system for the past 100 years, but which have been exacerbated “only” over the past half-century. Their main activity, fishing in the Luga Bay, is severely disrupted. Selles artiklis tugineden territoriaalsel case study peal, mis keskendub kahele läänemeresoome Leningradi oblasti lääne osas, vadjalased ja isurid. Need kogukonnad on jõudsalt demograafiliselt kahanemas aga nad on möödunud 100 aasta jooksul pidanud vastu panna ja kohanema vapustustele, mis puudutavad nende ühiskonna ja ökoloogia süsteeme, ja mis on ägestunud eriti viimase pool sajandi jooksul. Nende peamine tegevus, kalapüük Luuga Lahes, on väga tõsiselt hädas.

International audience; This article focuses on the changes affecting the territory of the marsh of the Grande Brière Mottière’s marsh territory, the second largest wetland in France, located North of the Loire estuary. Within this undivided marsh, the Brière community adapts as best it can to different mutations affecting the marsh social-ecological system. With the help of an ethnohistorical field survey and a geographical work, this text documents the adaptation strategies and changes in relations and uses to the marsh maintained by the local community.; Cet article s’intéresse aux changements affectant le territoire de la Grande Brière Mottière, deuxième zone humide de France par sa taille, située au nord de l’estuaire de la Loire. Au sein de ce marais indivis, la communauté briéronne s’adapte tant bien que mal à différentes mutations affectant le socio-écosystème palustre. Aidé par une enquête de terrain ethno-historique et géographique, ce texte documente les stratégies d’adaptations et les mutations des usages et rapports au marais entretenus par la communauté locale.

International audience; Notre étude s'inscrit dans le contexte du projet Renoir-IUT qui interroge l'usage des ressources dans les instituts universitaires de technologie (IUT) en particulier du point de vue des enseignants qui modifient ou non leurs supports (et leurs pratiques à partir de ces supports), par exemple pour l'adapter à un nouveau public ou dans le cadre d'une réforme des programmes. À l'aide des définitions de la tension dialectique qui existe historiquement entre didactique et pédagogie, nous interprétons les données issues d'une enquête exploratoire diffusée par questionnaire à l'échelle nationale à l'automne 2021. Les analyses mettent notamment en évidence la présence dominante du registre du didactique par rapport au pédagogique, ainsi que de très nombreuses préoccupations à l'origine de ces adaptations allant du niveau des étudiants à la numérisation liée à la présence des technologies dans les situations d'enseignement-apprentissage.

International audience; Notre étude s'inscrit dans le contexte post-confinement des années universitaires 2019-2020 et 2020-2021 pour lesquelles nous interrogeons le retour d'expérience de plusieurs enseignants d'institut universitaire de technologie (IUT) en termes de modifications de pratiques pendant la crise épidémique. À l'aide de la théorie du multi-agenda, nous interprétons plusieurs types de données issues d'une enquête exploratoire réalisée au sein d'un IUT en deux phases (questionnaire en juin 2020, puis entretiens en juillet 2021). Les analyses mettent notamment en évidence la présence dominante des préoccupations de pilotage et d'étayage ainsi qu'une flexibilité importante dans l'agir professionnel, permettant d'opérer de très nombreux ajustements sur les composantes didactiques et pédagogiques eu jeu dans les situations d'enseignement.

Un análisis de la labor del historietista en las adaptaciones de textos literarios (cuentos, novelas, fábulas, etc.) al lenguaje del cómic muestra que no es un simple ejercicio de interpretación o de representación. La comprensión de ambos sistemas semióticos, uno textual verbal y otro narrativo visual, plantea la metáfora de la traducción entre lenguajes y posiciona al dibujante de historietas como un traductor. A lo que infiere una propuesta de estudio sobre el lenguaje y qué aspectos implican la traducción intersemiótica dentro de las adaptaciones. An analysis of the work that a comic artists have to do into the adaptation of literary texts (stories, novels, fables, etc.) to comic language evidence that is not a simple exercise of interpretation or representation. The comprehension of both semiotic systems, a textual verbal and other visual narrative, propose a translation metaphor between languages and put to comic artist as a translator. Which infers a study proposal about the language and what are the aspects that involve the intersemiotic translation on the adaptations.

Health service psychology internship directors confronted a myriad of training challenges in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, internship training directors were tasked with ensuring that interns received appropriate training in each of the nine profession-wide competency (PWCs) areas while also ensuring the physical and emotional well-being of staff and trainees. The purpose of this paper is to describe one internship’s approach to adapting the nine PWCs during COVID-19 in the context of an academic medical setting. Successes and challenges associated with training adaptations in the context of each of the nine PWCs will be shared along with considerations for improving academic medical training programs’ ability to support interns’ educational goals and training requirements throughout and following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction Whether short-term, single-mode exercise training can improve physical fitness before a period of reduced physical activity (e.g., postsurgery recovery) is not well characterized in clinical populations or middle-age adults. We investigated skeletal muscle adaptive responses after endurance exercise training (ENT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or resistance exercise training (RET), and a subsequent period of detraining, in sedentary, middle-age men. Methods Thirty-five sedentary men (39 +/- 3 yr) were randomized to parallel groups and undertook 6 wk of either ENT (n = 12), HIIT (n = 12), or RET (n = 11) followed by 2.5 wk of detraining. Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics, body composition, muscle thickness, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, resting energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis were assessed at baseline, and after exercise training and detraining. Results Lean mass increased after RET and HIIT (+3.2% +/- 1.6% and +1.6% +/- 2.1%, P < 0.05). Muscle strength (sum of leg press, leg extension, and bench press one-repetition maximums) increased after all training interventions (RET, +25% +/- 5%; HIIT, +10% +/- 5%; ENT, +7% +/- 7%; P < 0.05). Aerobic capacity increased only after HIIT and ENT (+14% +/- 7% and +11% +/- 11%, P < 0.05). Type I and II muscle fiber size increased for all groups after training (main effect of time, P < 0.05). After a period of detraining, the gains in lean mass and maximal muscle strength were maintained in the RET and HIIT groups, but maximal aerobic capacity declined below posttraining levels in HIIT and ENT (P < 0.05). Conclusions Six weeks of HIIT induced widespread adaptations before detraining in middle-age men. Exercise training-induced increases in aerobic capacity declined during 2.5 wk of detraining, but gains in lean mass and muscle strength were maintained.

Banana production is the mainstay industry for majority of small holder farmers living in the mountain regions of Kenya. These regions are affected by climate-related impacts at all levels of the value chain. This paper therefore discusses climate trends, related impacts, and adaptations in banana value chain in Mt. Kenya region for the period between 1980 and 2017. The study locations were purposively selected from Mt. Kenya region to include both Imenti South and Mukurweini sub-counties. A sample of 381 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Triangulation research design was used to guide the study by integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection and analysis. Historical document analysis was used to examine climatic data (temperature and rainfall) from the Kenya Meteorological Department, Nairobi. Results showed that rainfall and temperature have changed during the study period. Temperature trends in Mukurweini showed R2 = 0.3314 while in Imenti South R2 =0.3441 with an overall annual increase in temperature in Mukurweini by 0.02°C while in Imenti South we registered an increase by 0.016°C for the study period. Mukurweini sub-county rainfall trend line had R2 =-0.1064 while Imenti South sub-county had R2 =-0.1014. Adverse effects of climate variability on banana value chain included low yields in both Mukurweini (79.2%) and Imenti South (60.2%) sub-counties. Farmers in the study area preferred irrigation (57.2%) followed by crop diversification (13.9%) as adaptive strategies to climate variability.

Proline is one of the organic osmolytes that accumulates in plants in response to stressful environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of proline in the grain filling phase in ten winter wheat cultivars under conditions of prolonged periods of air temperatures above 30°C and to assess the variability of wheat variety responses. The correlation between proline accumulation and photosynthetic pigments, accumulated starch and yield was also determined. In the experimental field, flag leaves were sampled for each variety in the grain filling phase. Statistical data analysis and parameter correlation were performed using the SPSS program. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between proline values in moderate and high air temperature conditions when proline accumulation occurs. The significant correlation of accumulated starch content and yield with proline concentration showed that in addition to higher proline values under heat stress, wheat varieties Apac, Talas and Futura also have higher yield and starch content. A correlation was also found between proline concentration and photosynthetic pigment contents, where the Apac wheat variety showed the best adaptive response to the investigated traits and was characterized by a smaller reduction in photosynthetic pigment content under heat stress. The interrelation of proline with the photosynthetic pigment content and wheat quality parameters may be important in breeding technologies aimed at improving wheat stress tolerance.

In mammals, complex dental microwear textures (DMT) representing differently sized and shaped enamel lesions overlaying each other have traditionally been associated with the seeds and kernels in frugivorous diets, as well as with sclerotized insect cuticles. Recently, this notion has been challenged by field observations as well as in vitro experimental data. It remains unclear to what extent each food item contributes to the complexity level and is reflected by the surface texture of the respective tooth position along the molar tooth row. To clarify the potential of seeds and other abrasive dietary items to cause complex microwear textures, we conducted a controlled feeding experiment with rats. Six individual rats each received either a vegetable mix, a fruit mix, a seed mix, whole crickets, whole black soldier fly larvae, or whole day-old-chicks. These diets were subjected to material testing to obtain mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus, yield strength, and food hardness (as indicated by texture profile analysis [TPA] tests). Seeds and crickets caused the highest surface complexity. The fruit mix, seed mix, and crickets caused the deepest wear features. Moreover, several diets resulted in an increasing wear gradient from the first to the second molar, suggesting that increasing bite force along the tooth row affects dental wear in rats on these diets. Mechanical properties of the diets showed different correlations with DMT obtained for the first and second molars. The first molar wear was mostly correlated with maximum TPA hardness, while the second molar wear was strongly correlated with maximum yield stress, mean TPA hardness, and maximum TPA hardness. This indicates a complex relationship between chewing mechanics, food mechanical properties, and observed DMT. Our results show that, in rats, seeds are the main cause of complex microwear textures but that hard insect body parts can also cause high complexity. However, the similarity in parameter values of surface textures resulting from seed and cricket consumption did not allow differentiation between these two diets in our experimental approach.

This study is a qualitative interpretive descriptive study aimed at elucidating the impact of distal radius fracture (DRF) on patients' activities of daily living (ADLs), professional and familial duties, and social support during the healing process. The study focuses on fracture healing during the immobilization phase of injury. This study lies in the constructivist paradigm employing the interpretive description method. A total of 20 participants with DRF in casts were recruited by purposeful sampling from the Hand & Upper limb Centre, St. Joseph’s Hospital enrolled and interviewed over the telephone. Data was analyzed by Braun and Clarke’s Thematic Analysis Approach. Constructed themes were mapped on the biopsychosocial model of rehabilitation. The major themes arising from the data set were discomfort/difficulties with ADL and adaptations to activities with DRF and cast, support patients received from their families, friends, neighbors, and colleagues, and their expectations from family and friends for providing emotional and physical support. DRF caused people to be mindful of aging and slow healing, people upholding their independent identities, loneliness caused by COVID-19, and DRF being a trigger for emotional upheaval.

Master; In the context of climate change, some non-flood-prone areas may become flood-prone in the future. It is therefore relevant to look at the adaptation strategies that people put in place in order to better understand their expectations with regard to the risks that affect them, or that may affect them. During this internship, the goal was to reinforce the individual follow-up of the members of a network of impact observers (ROI), within the framework of the so-ii observatory. The inscription of the adaptations within their life trajectory and the relation to their housing were sought. The problematic was focused on : “How do the adaptations made by ROI’s members fit into their life trajectory?” This work was based on a qualitative methodology, focusing on initial hypotheses, in order to conduct semi-structured interviews with the residents of the ROI. The causes of floods are multiple. Faced with them, society must establish an acceptable representation of the flood risk in order to live with it. But how? Residents of a flood-prone area will have to adapt their practices, their lifestyles, their daily lives. The data collected showed that after having experienced a flood, the inhabitants have adapted by developing structural and organizational actions in front of this risk in order not to “live with it” on a daily basis. For this, individuals also tend to minimize the damage that floods can cause and to ignore the « personal » risk in favor of the « general » one. Thanks to these adaptive strategies, a distance is created and the flood risk would not become a « catastrophe » that would push populations to leave their place of life to which they are attached. The experience of a flood makes it possible to develop a culture of risk among the inhabitants of the ROI network.; Dans le contexte du changement climatique, certaines zones non inondables pourraient le devenir dans l’avenir. Il est donc pertinent de s’intéresser aux stratégies d’adaptation que les individus mettent en place afin d’appréhender aux mieux leurs attentes vis-à-vis des risques qui les touchent, ou qui peuvent les toucher. Au sein de ce stage, l’objectif est de renforcer le suivi individuel des membres d’un réseau d’observateurs d’impacts (ROI), dans le cadre de l’observatoire so-ii. L’inscription des adaptations au sein de leur trajectoire de vie et la relation à leur logement ont été recherchés. La problématique s’est portée sur : “En quoi les adaptations réalisées par les membres du réseau ROI s’inscrivent dans leur trajectoire de vie ?” Ce travail s’est basé sur une méthodologie qualitative, en s’appuyant sur des hypothèses de départ, afin de mener des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des habitants du réseau ROI. Les causes des inondations sont multiples. Face à celles-ci, la société doit construire une représentation acceptable du risque inondation afin de vivre avec. Mais comment ? Les résidents d’une zone inondable doivent, pour cela, adapter leurs pratiques, leurs modes de vies, leurs quotidiens. Les données récoltées ont montré qu’après avoir vécu une inondation, les habitants se sont adaptés en développant des actions structurelles et organisationnelles face à ce risque afin de ne pas “vivre avec” au quotidien. Pour cela, les individus ont également tendance à minimiser les dégâts que peuvent engendrer les inondations et à ignorer le risque “personnel” à l’avantage de celui “général”. Grâce à ces stratégies adaptatives, une distance se crée et le risque inondation ne deviendrait donc pas une “catastrophe” qui les pousserait à partir de leur lieu de vie auquel ils sont attachés. L’expérience d’une inondation permet de développer une culture du risque chez les habitants du réseau ROI.

International audience; In many countries, the challenge of sustaining rural water supplies is entrusted to community organizations, which have difficulties in performing durably the operation, maintenance and cost recovery of rural water supply systems. This paper analyzes how rural communities struggle to ensure a sustainable access to water, while seeking close interaction with outside actors such as the State, NGOs, and politicians. The analysis is based on field observations, interviews and participatory workshops in four community-managed water supply systems in Brazil and Tunisia. To sustain the access to water, communities limit their dependance on community-managed water supply systems and diversify water sources for different uses; they adapt the technical and organizational dimensions of water supply systems through bricolage ; and use political leverage to obtain financial and technical support. Understanding how communities adapt the infrastructure and the organization of rural water supply, in close interaction with external actors, may inspire water providers in designing more resilient water systems.; Dans de nombreux pays, l’approvisionnement en eau en milieu rural est confié aux organisations communautaires, qui éprouvent des difficultés à en assurer durablement l’exploitation, la maintenance et le recouvrement des coûts. Cet article analyse comment les communautés rurales luttent pour assurer un accès durable à l’eau, en sollicitant l’État, des ONG et des élus. L’analyse est basée sur des observations de terrain, des entretiens et des ateliers participatifs dans quatre communautés dans un contexte d’extrême rareté de l’eau au Brésil et en Tunisie. Pour maintenir un accès durable à l’eau, les communautés limitent leur dépendance à l’égard des systèmes collectifs et diversifient les sources d’eau pour différents usages ; elles adaptent l’infrastructure et l’organisation des systèmes collectifs par le bricolage ; et elles utilisent l’influence politique pour obtenir des soutiens des acteurs externes. Comprendre comment les communautés adaptent l’infrastructure et l’organisation de l’accès à l’eau, en étroite interaction avec les acteurs externes, peuvent inspirer les fournisseurs d’eau dans la conception de systèmes d’approvisionnement en eau plus résilients.

This systematic review/meta-analysis will assess the effects of augmented feedback on acute resistance training performance and adaptations.

With topics ranging from the limitations of the novel to adapting stage to screen, over 80 articles from a wide range of international scholars, film critics and novelists combine to make Adaptations: Critical and Primary Sources an original overview of critical debates today. The three-volume set begins with an historical overview of the field of adaptations studies, beginning with works from the early twentieth century through to seminal pieces of the 1990s. The volumes then divulge how the scholarly legacies laid out in those formative years has impacted the discipline today, and how it can be studied alongside literature and film studies.

V magistrskem delu obravnavamo različne oblike pomoči učencem, ki so vključeni v prilagojeno izvajanje programov vzgoje in izobraževanja z dodatno strokovno pomočjo v času izobraževanja na daljavo. Teoretični del je sestavljen iz dveh delov. V prvem delu se osredotočimo na predstavitev otrok s posebnimi potrebami v slovenskem šolskem sistemu in programov v katere se le-ti usmerjajo. Predstavimo različne oblike pomoči, ki so pravica otrok s posebnimi potrebami. Nato predstavimo učence z avtističnimi motnjami in učence s primanjkljaji na posameznih področjih učenja ter vlogo staršev oziroma skrbnikov pri izobraževanju otrok. V drugi polovici teoretičnega dela se osredotočimo na izobraževanje na daljavo. Pozornost namenimo prednostim in slabostim takšne oblike izobraževanja. Ustavimo se še pri izvajanju različnih oblik pomoči učencem s posebnimi potrebami pri izobraževanju na daljavo. V empiričnem delu skozi intervjuje poskušamo ugotoviti, kako sta učenka z avtistično motnjo in učenec s primanjkljaji na posameznih področjih učenja doživljala izobraževanje na daljavo. Osredotočimo se na čas prvega in drugega zaprtja vzgojno-izobraževalnih ustanov zaradi epidemije covid-19. Zanima nas, kakšne prednosti in slabosti sta učenca prepoznala ter s kakšnimi težavami sta se soočala. Posebno pozornost namenimo izvajanju prilagoditev in dodatne strokovne pomoči v tem obdobju. Poskušamo ugotoviti v kolikšni meri in na kakšen način so se le-te izvajale ter katere izmed razvitih praks bi lahko izvajalci dodatne strokovne pomoči trajno vključili v svoje delo. Pomemben dejavnik pri izobraževanju otroka, poleg šole in okolja, predstavljajo starši. Zato skozi intervjuje ugotavljamo, kakšno je bilo sodelovanje med šolo in starši v času izobraževanju na daljavo. Ugotovili smo, da je učencema izobraževanje na daljavo ugajalo, saj sta imela stalno podporo s strani staršev pri šolskem delu. V tem času se je povečala obremenjenost tako učencev kot tudi staršev pri vključevanju v otrokovo izobraževanje, saj je poudarek pri izobraževanju na daljavo bil na samostojnem učenju. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je v tem času bil poudarek predvsem na izobraževalni dimenziji šole, zanemaril pa se je osebni stik med vsemi udeleženimi in vzgojna dimenzija vzgojno-izobraževalne ustanove. Ugotovitve naloge dajejo strokovnim delavcem vpogled v doživljanje učencev izobraževanja na daljavo in ob tem opomnik, na kaj naj bodo tudi v prihodnje pozorni pri delu z njimi. The master's thesis discusses various forms of assistance to students who are included in adapted implementation of the basic school programme with additional professional support during distance learning. The theoretical part consists of two parts. The first part focuses on the presentation of children with special educational needs in the Slovenian school system and the programs to which they are directed. Several forms of assistance, to which children with special educational needs have the right, are also introduced. The presentation of students with autistic spectrum disorder and students with learning difficulties in individual fields of education and the role of parents or guardians in children's education follows. The second half of the theoretical part focuses on distance education, where the advantages and disadvantages of this form of education are highlighted. The implementation of several forms of assistance to students with special educational needs in distance education is also brought into focus. Based on interviews, the empirical part tries to establish how a student with an autistic spectrum disorder and a student with learning difficulties in individual fields of education experience distance learning. Focusing on the first and second closure of educatioal institutions due to the covid-19 epidemic, the strengths and weaknesses the students identified and the problems they faced are brought to attention. Special attention is paid to the implementation of adjustments and additional professional support during this period. The thesis tries to establish to what extent and in what way they were implemented and which of the developed practices could be permanently included into the work of the providers of additional professional assistance. In addition to school and the environment, parents are an important factor in a child's education. Therefore the objective of the thesis is to establish through interviews, what the cooperation between the school and the parents was like during distance education. In the thesis, it was established that the students enjoyed distance education, as they had constant support from their parents in their school work. During this period, the workload of both students and parents in integrating into children's education increased, as the emphasis in distance education was on self-education. The thesis also states that at the time the emphasis was mainly on the educational dimension of the school, while personal contact between all participants and the up-bringing dimension were neglected. The findings of the assignment give teachers an insight into the student's experience of distance education, and at the same time a reminder of what they should continue to pay attention to when working with them.

Uvod: Juvenilni idiopatski artritis je splošni izraz, ki opredeljuje kronične otroške artritične bolezni in je razvrščen v sedem podskupin. Omejitve, s katerimi se soočajo mladi s to boleznijo, vključujejo bolečino v mišicah in sklepih, zatekanje sklepov, utrujenost, slabo koncentracijo, nizko samozavest in samopodobo, oteženo participacijo, depresijo in socialno odtujenost. V obdobju mladostništva se poleg bioloških in psiholoških procesov pričnejo tudi pridobivati življenjske vloge, stopnjujeta se neodvisnost in pridobivanje odgovornosti. Šolanje in izobraževanje je ključnega pomena v mladosti in igra velik pomen v odraščanju osebe s spodbujanjem in razvojem samostojnosti, identitete, kognitivnih, emocionalnih, funkcionalnih in socialnih veščin posameznika. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil dobiti vpogled v doživljanje posameznega mladostnika z juvenilnim idiopatskim artritisom na področju šolanja in izobraževanja. Zanimale so nas ovire, prilagoditve in omejitve, s katerimi se soočajo mlade osebe z JIA. Metode dela: V kvalitativni raziskavi smo izvedli 4 polstrukturirane intervjuje z osebami z juvenilnim idiopatskim artritisom. Z njihovim dovoljenjem smo intervjuje posneli, jih dobesedno prepisali in jih analizirali po metodi kvalitativne vsebinske analize. Rezultati: Težave pri intervjuvancih so se pojavljale na različnih stopnjah izobraževanja (osnovna šola, srednja šola, fakulteta), a so bile vse težave vezane na zagone bolezni. Glavne težave, s katerimi so se soočali, so bile bolečine v mišicah in sklepih, zatekanje v sklepih, nezmožnost opravljanja dnevnih aktivnosti. Vse to je doprineslo k utrujenosti, slabši koncentraciji in slabši mobilnosti. Posledično je bilo omejeno mladostnikovo delovanje v šoli. Deležni so bili različnih prilagoditev s strani šole in odnosov s strani sovrstnikov, učiteljev/profesorjev. Razprava in zaključek: V diplomskem delu smo ugotovili, da mladi z juvenilnim idiopatskim artritisom bolezen doživljajo vsak drugače, a hkrati enako. Glavni problemi, s katerimi se soočajo, so predvsem bolečina in posledično slabša koncentracija in utrujenost. Prav tako zagoni bolezni pomenijo izostanek od pouka/ šolskih obveznosti. Pomembne so tudi prilagoditve, ki so jih deležni/niso bili deležni s strani šolstva. Velik vpliv na doživljanje bolezni in vključevanje v izobraževanje ima socialno okolje in sprejemanje s strani sovrstnikov in izobraževalnega kadra. Podpora in razumevanje s strani sovrstnikov je ključnega pomena za uspeh in pozitivno izkušnjo v času šolanja. Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a general term used to describe chronic childhood arthritic diseases and is classified into seven subgroups. Limitations faced by young people with this disease include muscle and joint pain, joint swelling, fatigue, poor concentration, low self-esteem and self-esteem, difficulty in participating, depression, and social alienation. In adolescence, in addition to biological and psychological processes, they also begin to acquire life roles, increase independence, and acquire responsibility. Schooling and education are crucial in youth and play a major role in a person’s growing up by promoting and developing an individual’s independence, identity, cognitive, emotional, functional, and social skills. Purpose: The purpose of the work was to gain insight into the experience of an individual adolescent with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the field of schooling and education. We will be interested in the barriers, adjustments, and limitations faced by young people with JIA. Methods: In this qualitative study, we conducted 4 semi-structured interviews with subjects with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. With their permission, we recorded the interviews, literally transcribed them, and analyzed them using the method of qualitative content analysis. Results: Problems with the interviewees accrued occurred at different levels of education (primary school, secondary school, and faculty). However, all problems were related to disease onset. The main problems they faced were pains in the muscles and joints, swelling in the joints, and inability to perform daily activities. All this contributed to fatigue, poor concentration, and poorer mobility. As a result, the adolescent's activities at school were limited. They received various adjustments from the school and relationships with peers, teachers, and professors. Discussion and conclusion: In this work, we found that young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis experience the disease differently but at the same time. The main problems they face are mainly pain and consequent poor concentration and fatigue. Outbreaks appear to be exacerbated during school hours. The adjustments they received/did not receive from education are also important. The social environment and acceptance by peers and educational staff have a great influence on the experience of illness and inclusion in education. Support and understanding from peers are key to success and a positive experience during school.

Treball Final de Grau en Comunicació Audiovisual. Modalitat A. Codi: CA0932. Curs acadèmic 2021-2022 El presente trabajo de investigación pretende analizar las diferentes adaptaciones de la franquicia Berserk en la industria Cross-media japonesa, centrándonos principalmente en las adaptaciones audiovisuales (Anime TV, películas, Ovas) y las adaptaciones en videojuegos y, si estas, modifican la concepción original de la obra principal y de su autor o, si por el contrario, se crea una narrativa transmedia a través de los diferentes medios que la componen. Para ello, se han introducido algunos conceptos previos, una pequeña descripción de los principales medios a analizar junto con una pequeña introducción a la industria Cross-media japonesa y sus particularidades. A continuación, se ha investigado la intermedialidad como principal característica de la industria Cross-media y su capacidad para conectar los diferentes medios. Por otro lado, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de las diferentes adaptaciones que se pueden llegar a dar dentro de la industria Cross-media y las características y particularidades de cada tipo de adaptación y, a su vez, cual es la figura del autor en la industria. A continuación, se han analizado las diferentes adaptaciones que encontramos en la franquicia Berserk (centrándonos en las adaptaciones audiovisuales y de videojuegos) y su papel transmedia dentro de la franquicia. Por último, se han establecido unas conclusiones sobre el análisis realizado previamente sobre las adaptaciones y clarificado cual es el papel de la franquicia con respecto a la obra original. The present research work aims to analyze the different adaptations of the Berserk franchise in the Japanese Cross-media industry, focusing mainly on audiovisual adaptations (Anime TV, movies, Ovas) and video game adaptations. I analize if these modify the original conception of the main work and its author or if, on the contrary, a transmedia narrative is created through the different media that compose it. For this purpose, some previous concepts have been introduced, a small description of the main media to be analyzed together with a small introduction to the Japanese Cross-media industry and its particularities. Then, we have investigated the intermediality as the main characteristic of the Cross-media industry and its ability to connect the different media. On the other hand, an analysis of the different adaptations that can be made within the Cross-media industry and the characteristics and peculiarities of each type of adaptation and, in turn, what is the figure of the author in the industry has been carried out. Then, we have analyzed the different adaptations found in the Berserk franchise (focusing on audiovisual and video game adaptations) and their transmedia role within the franchise. Finally, conclusions have been drawn on the analysis previously made on the adaptations and clarified, what is the role of the franchise with respect to the original work.

This paper discusses the text development in the “Tale of Shigure.” By focusing on the Hōsabunko books, in particular, I explain the specific transformation from dynasty story tex ts to Muromachi story texts. “Shigure” is a Muromachi tale that was influenced by “Shinobine,” a medieval dynasty tale. Although more than 30 editions exist, four main edition types can be distinguished. The first comprises picture scrolls with a postscript of Eisho 10 (Group D); the second is a group of manuscripts with a postscript of Eisho 17 （Group A); the third is a group of Tenri Library manuscripts (Group B); and the fourth is the Hōsabunko book type (Group C). Of these editions, Group C is positioned as a peculiar text that was significantly different from the popular editions. However, as research on “Shigure” has progressed in recent years, it is necessary to reconsider its position as a text displaying transitional characteristics between editions. In this paper, first, by examining the four types of text, I show that the composition of the Eisho scrolls and other editions is different. Whereas the Eisho scrolls have a complicated story structure, the other books simplify the content by replacing the articles and making the storyline easier to understand. I also point out that the original articles found in the Hōsabunko type are remnants of Eisho scrolls and state that a form of C-type text preceded the B-type text. In addition, I focus on textual expressions. In the Hōsabunko books, the characters’ expressions in the Eisho scrolls become medieval expressions, although they inherit conversational and emotional expressions. In the A type and B type, such expressions are truncated and produce only an outline as a story. Based on these facts, I explain the process whereby the story gradually changes from the D-type dynasty story text to the abridged outline texts of other books. In addition, I point out that the Hōsabunko type is positioned as a transitional text in which the old form is retained and changed to a new expression.

Patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) repeatedly undergo intradialytic low arterial oxygen saturation and low central venous oxygen saturation, reflecting an imbalance between upper body systemic oxygen supply and demand, which are associated with increased mortality. Abnormalities along the entire oxygen cascade, with impaired diffusive and convective oxygen transport, contribute to the reduced tissue oxygen supply. HD treatment impairs pulmonary gas exchange and reduces ventilatory drive, whereas ultrafiltration can reduce tissue perfusion due to a decline in cardiac output. In addition to these factors, capillary rarefaction and reduced mitochondrial efficacy can further affect the balance between cellular oxygen supply and demand. Whereas it has been convincingly demonstrated that a reduced perfusion of heart and brain during HD contributes to organ damage, the significance of systemic hypoxia remains uncertain, although it may contribute to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and accelerated senescence. These abnormalities along the oxygen cascade of patients treated with HD appear to be diametrically opposite to the situation in Tibetan highlanders and Sherpa, whose physiology adapted to the inescapable hypobaric hypoxia of their living environment over many generations. Their adaptation includes pulmonary, vascular, and metabolic alterations with enhanced capillary density, nitric oxide production, and mitochondrial efficacy without oxidative stress. Improving the tissue oxygen supply in patients treated with HD depends primarily on preventing hemodynamic instability by increasing dialysis time/frequency or prescribing cool dialysis. Whether dietary or pharmacological interventions, such as the administration of L-arginine, fermented food, nitrate, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 agonists, or prolyl hydroxylase 2 inhibitors, improve clinical outcome in patients treated with HD warrants future research.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of training load (25% vs. 75% of one repetition maximum [1RM]) and fatigue (failure vs. non-failure) during four weeks of unilateral knee extension resistance training (RT) on maximal voluntary force in the trained and the untrained knee extensors. Healthy young adults (n = 42) were randomly assigned to control (CON, n = 9, 24 +/- 4.3 years), low-load RT to failure (LLF, n = 11, 21 +/- 1.3 years, three sets to failure at 25% of 1RM), high-load RT to failure (HLF, n = 11, 21 +/- 1.4 years, three sets to failure at 75% of 1RM), and high-load RT without failure (HLNF, n = 11, 22 +/- 1.5 years, six sets of five repetitions at 75% of 1RM) groups. Before and after the four weeks of training, 1RM, maximal voluntary isometric force, and corticospinal excitability (CSE) were measured. 1RM in the trained (20%, d = 0.70, 15%, d = 0.61) and the untrained knee extensors (5%, d = 0.27, 6%, d = 0.26) increased only in the HLF and HLNF groups, respectively. MVIC force increased only in the trained leg of the HLF (5%, d = 0.35) and HLNF groups (12%, d = 0.67). CSE decreased in the VL of both legs in the HLNF group (-19%, d = 0.44) and no changes occurred in the RF. In conclusion, high- but not low-load RT improves maximal voluntary force in the trained and the untrained knee extensors and fatigue did not further enhance these adaptations. Voluntary force improvements were unrelated to CSE changes in both legs.

BackgroundThe ‘scale-up’ of effective physical activity interventions is required if they are to yield improvements in population health. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness of community-based physical activity interventions that have been scaled-up. We also sought to explore differences in the effect size of these interventions compared with prior evaluations of their efficacy in more controlled contexts, and describe adaptations that were made to interventions as part of the scale-up process.MethodsWe performed a search of empirical research using six electronic databases, hand searched reference lists and contacted field experts. An intervention was considered ‘scaled-up’ if it had been intentionally delivered on a larger scale (to a greater number of participants, new populations, and/or by means of different delivery systems) than a preceding randomised control trial (‘pre-scale’) in which a significant intervention effect (p ResultsWe identified 10 eligible studies. Six scaled-up interventions appeared to achieve significant improvement on at least one measure of physical activity. Six studies included measures of physical activity that were common between pre-scale and scaled-up trials enabling the calculation of an effect size difference (and potential scale-up penalty). Differences in effect size ranged from 132 to 25% (median = 58.8%), suggesting that most scaled-up interventions typically achieve less than 60% of their pre-scale effect size. A variety of adaptations were made for scale-up – the most common being mode of delivery.ConclusionThe majority of interventions remained effective when delivered at-scale however their effects were markedly lower than reported in pre-scale trials. Adaptations of interventions were common and may have impacted on the effectiveness of interventions delivered at scale. These outcomes provide valuable insight for researchers and public health practitioners interested in the design and scale-up of physical activity interventions, and contribute to the growing evidence base for delivering health promotion interventions at-scale.Trial registrationPROSPEROCRD42020144842.

This chapter investigates three picturebook biographies about the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. The main aim is to discuss how the biographies describe and adapt the artist’s life story and art through the interplay of text and illustrations. Based on theories of biography, adaptation, and ekphrasis, the study finds that the books’ visual style, motifs and art references influence the factual and aesthetic aspects of the biographies as much as the verbal accounts do.

Despite possessing valuable skills, social communication differences mean that autistic people are frequently disadvantaged in job interviews. We examined how autistic and non-autistic adults compared on standard (unmodified) job interview questions, and then used these findings to develop and evaluate supportive adaptations to questions. Fifty adults (25 autistic, 25 non-autistic) took part in two mock job interviews. Interview 1 provided a baseline measure of performance when answering typical, unmodified interview questions. Employment experts (unaware of participants’ autism diagnoses) rated all interviewees on question-specific performance and overall impressions and then provided feedback about how interviewees could improve and how questions could be adapted to facilitate this. Interviewees also provided feedback about the interview process from their perspective. Adaptations to the questions were developed, with Interview 2 taking place approximately 6 months later. Results demonstrated that, in Interview 1, employment experts rated autistic interviewees less favourably than nonautistic interviewees. Ratings of both autistic and non-autistic participants’ answers improved in Interview 2, but particularly for autistic interviewees (such that differences between autistic and non-autistic interviewees’ performance reduced in Interview 2). Employers should be aware that adaptations to job interview questions are critical to level the playing field for autistic candidates. Lay abstract Despite possessing valuable skills, differences in the way that autistic people understand and respond to others in social situations mean that they are frequently disadvantaged in job interviews. We examined how autistic and non-autistic adults compared on standard (unmodified) job interview questions, and then used these findings to develop and evaluate supportive adaptations to questions. Fifty adults (25 autistic, 25 non-autistic) took part in two mock job interviews. Interview 1 provided a baseline measure of performance when answering typical, unmodified interview questions. Employment experts (unaware of participants’ autism diagnoses) rated all interviewees on their responses to each question and their overall impressions of them and then provided feedback about how interviewees could improve and how questions could be adapted to facilitate this. Interviewees also provided feedback about the interview process, from their perspective. Adaptations to the questions were developed, with Interview 2 taking place approximately 6 months later. Results demonstrated that, in Interview 1, employment experts rated autistic interviewees less favourably than non-autistic interviewees. Ratings of both autistic and non-autistic participants’ answers improved in Interview 2, but particularly for autistic interviewees (such that differences between autistic and non-autistic interviewees’ performance reduced in Interview 2). Employers should be aware that adaptations to job interview questions are critical to level the playing field for autistic candidates.

Human influence on ecological niches can drive rapid changes in the diet, behaviour and evolutionary trajectories of small mammals. Archaeological evidence from the Late Neolithic Loess Plateau of northern China suggests that the expansion of millet cultivation created new selective pressures, attracting small mammals to fields and settlements. Here, the authors present direct evidence for commensal behaviour in desert hares (Lepus capensis), dating toc. 4900 years ago. Stable isotope ratio analysis of hare bones from the Neolithic site at Yangjiesha shows a diachronic increase in a C4(millet-based) diet, revealing, for the first time, the expansion of ancient human-hare interactions beyond the predator-prey relationship.

Our objective was to determine the influence of a high-fat diet (HFD) on fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle substrate metabolism in endurance-trained (ET) compared with sedentary (SED) humans. SED ( n = 17) and ET ( n = 7) males were control-fed a 10-day moderate-fat diet followed by a 5-day isocaloric HFD (55% fat, 30% carbohydrate). Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken in the fasted condition and 4 h after a high-fat meal (820 kcals; 63% fat and 25% carbohydrate). Palmitate-induced suppression of pyruvate oxidation, an indication of substrate preference, and oxidation of fat and glucose were measured in homogenized skeletal muscle in fasted and fed states. Postprandial responses were calculated as percent changes from fasting to fed states. Postprandial suppression of pyruvate oxidation was maintained after the HFD in ET, but not SED skeletal muscle, suggesting greater adaptability to dietary intake changes in the former. Fasting total fat oxidation increased due to the HFD in ET skeletal muscle ( P = 0.006), which was driven by incomplete fat oxidation ( P = 0.008). Fasting fat oxidation remained unchanged in skeletal muscle of SED individuals. Yet, postprandial fat oxidation was similar between groups. Fasting glucose oxidation was elevated after the HFD in ET ( P = 0.036), but not SED, skeletal muscle. Postprandial glucose oxidation was reduced due to the HFD in SED ( P = 0.002), but not ET, skeletal muscle. These findings provide insight into differing substrate metabolism responses between SED and ET individuals and highlight the role that the prevailing diet may play in modulating fasting and postprandial metabolic responses in skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The relationship between high dietary fat intake and physical activity level and their combined effect on skeletal muscle substrate metabolism remains unclear. We assessed the influence of the prevailing diet in modulating substrate oxidation in skeletal muscle of endurance-trained compared with sedentary humans during a high-fat challenge meal. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the adaptability of skeletal muscle in endurance-trained individuals to high dietary fat intake.

Marine mammals play a critical ecological role as both predator and prey. They are divided into three groups that share similar adaptations to their aquatic life, but that have very different origins and life patterns: sirenians, pinnipeds, cetaceans. The species object of our interest is the South American fur seal or Arctocephalus australis, a carnivore classified within the group of pinnipeds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the anatomical characteristics of the Arctocephalus australis’ digestive system are similar to that of other land-carnivores or if, on the contrary, this species shows anatomical adaptations related to their life in the ocean. The study was carried out on 11 cadavers of the species Arctocephalus australis, made up of two adults and nine juveniles, by means of the anatomical dissection of their entire isolated digestive system. We demonstrate that, with several exceptions, the anatomical characteristics of the digestive system of the Arctocephalus australis are similar to those in other carnivores. Therefore, our data constitute an important contribution for clinical diagnostic and conservation purposes, for both veterinarians and biologists.

Crop planting patterns are an important component of agricultural land systems. These patterns have been significantly changed due to the combined impacts of climatic changes and socioeconomic developments. However, the extent of these changes and their possible impacts on the environment, terrestrial landscapes and rural livelihoods are largely unknown due to the lack of spatially explicit datasets including crop planting patterns. To fill this gap, this study proposes a new method for spatializing statistical data to generate multitemporal crop planting pattern datasets. This method features a two-level model that combines a land-use simulation and a crop pattern simulation. The output of the first level is the spatial distribution of the cropland, which is then used as the input for the second level, which allocates crop censuses to individual gridded cells according to certain rules. The method was tested using data from 2000 to 2019 from Heilongjiang Province, China, and was validated using remote sensing images. The results show that this method has high accuracy for crop area spatialization. Spatial crop pattern datasets over a given time period can be important supplementary information for remote sensing and thus support a wide range of application in agricultural land systems.

Shakespeare adaptations share an intimate relation with global studies, because Shakespeare – as a cultural institution – registers a broad spectrum of practices that generate productive dialogues with world cultures. Global studies enables us to examine deceivingly harmonious images of Shakespeare’s works. This paper examines culturally fluid, contemporary adaptations in relation to digital cultures. Mining rhizomatic and non-linear flows of tropes, my approach evaluates the connections among Saudi, Bollywood, and French New Wave films. The second part of this paper traces global Shakespeares during the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020. While the global pandemic closed live theatre events and cinemas worldwide, it also ushered in a new phase of globalization fuelled by on-demand digital videos as at-home audiences took to streaming to engage with Shakespeare. In tandem with the spread of coronavirus, there is a global viral spread of Shakespeare that carries site-specific meanings with them in disembodied forms. Delineating the relations between Shakespeare and global studies in adaptations and in digital culture, this paper outlines the future challenges and opportunities for the fields. Les adaptations de Shakespeare entretiennent un lien privilégié avec les études de la mondialisation, car Shakespeare, en tant qu’institution culturelle, recouvre un large éventail de pratiques qui génèrent des dialogues productifs avec les cultures du monde. Les études mondiales nous permettent d’examiner une certaine image, trop simpliste, des œuvres de Shakespeare. Grâce aux méthodologies rhizomatiques de Deleuze et Guattari, cet article analyse les adaptations contemporaines et les met en vis-à-vis avec les cultures numériques. En explorant les connexions non linéaires entre les cultures, mon approche approfondit les liens entre les films saoudiens, les films bollywoodiens et les films français de la Nouvelle Vague. La deuxième partie de cet article parcourt les adaptations internationales de Shakespeare durant l'épidémie de COVID-19 au début de l'année 2020. Alors que la pandémie a conduit à la fermeture des salles de cinéma et l’arrêt des représentations théâtrales non virtuelles dans le monde entier, elle a également inauguré une nouvelle phase de mondialisation alimentée par un circuit de vidéos à la demande, que les spectateurs ont adopté afin d’entretenir leur passion pour Shakespeare. Parallèlement à la propagation du coronavirus, on a pu observer une propagation virale mondiale de Shakespeare à travers des flux numériques qui apportent un nouveau sens en dépit d’une forme désincarnée. En juxtaposant les contextes culturels et la portée locale de trois films avec l’émergence de significations numériques inédites, cet article décrit les futurs défis et opportunités qui se profilent pour Shakespeare et les études de la mondialisation.