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The paper analyses three preserved reports, depicting Gerbert of Aurillac (also known as: of Reims, of Ravenna, of Bobbio, and in 999–1003 as Pope Sylvester II) as a clockmaker. The Benedictine monk William of Malmesbury (died around 1143) writes about clocks Gerbert made in Reims in The History of the English Kings and describes them as arte mechanica compositum. The Benedictine Arnold Wion (died around 1610) mentions clocks from Ravenna, where Gerbert allegedly constructed a clepsydra, in The Tree of Life. In his Chronicle, Thietmar of Merseburg (died around 1018) describes a horologium with an observation tube (fistula) from Magdeburg. These three references are analysed from a historical standpoint and especially Williams’s and Thietmar’s short reports are interpreted as possible references to timekeeping devices – the astrolabe and the nocturlabe.

The article discusses an episode in the universal history of metrology and standardization. On the basis of literary testimonies and archeological data the author first outlines the history of development of various types of the water clocks, clepsydra. Special attention is paid to the usage of clepsydra in public life (esp. in legal proceeding) and in medical practice. Then, considering the massive water clock from the sanctuary of the healer-god Amphiaraus in Oropos author shows that in the 4th cent. BCE the water clocks became an essential part of social life, and demonstrates the ways they calibrated the device according to a 24-hours scale. The author suggests that the massive water clock, designed for continuous measuring of time, subdivided at equal hours, was built at the sanctuary of Amphiaraus for medical purposes. Such hypothesis can be confirmed by a series of passages from the Hippocratic corpus, where the word “hour” is actually introduced, as well as by two more testimonies from the medical practice of Herophilus and Galen.

In the article presents the results of the multidisciplinary study conducted with the help of archaeological, physical and astronomical methods. The aim of the study was to analyze and interpret marks and drawings applied to the surface of the vessel of the Bronze Age (Srubna culture) found near the Staropetrovsky village in the northeast of the Donetsk region (the Central Donbass). The carried out calculations and measurements possible to prove that Staropetrovsky vessel is the most ancient water clock, discovered on the territory of Europe, and have approximately the same age as the oldest known ancient Egyptian water clock. Such vessels water clocks were needed for Srubna population to rituals related to the determined time of day and to mark sundial, which had recently been discovered in the Northern Black Sea Coast. Staropetrovsky vessel has marks of heliacal rising of Sirius and it is an ancient astronomical auxiliary instrument for determining the time at night.

Traditionally considered by European Archaeology as water clocks, clepsydras have a use that is closer to etymological meaning: “water thieves”. In this paper we study and systematize clepsydras found in the Iberian Peninsula, whit the function of capturing and distributing liquids, both for domestic purposes of storing and cooking and in ceremonies at sanctuaries and burials., Tradicionalmente consideradas por la Arqueología Europea como relojes de agua, las clepsidras tienen también una funcionalidad que está directamente relacionada con su etimología: “ladrones de agua”. En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio y sistematización de las distintas clepsidras documentadas en la Península Ibérica, con la funcionalidad de captar y distribuir líquidos, tanto en el ámbito doméstico para almacenaje o cocina, como en el ceremonial en santuarios y enterramientos.

For a given transitive binary relation e on a set E, the transitive closures of open (i.e., co-transitive in e) sets, called the regular closed subsets, form an ortholattice Reg(e), the extended permutohedron on e. This construction, which contains the poset Clop(e) of all clopen sets, is a common generalization of known notions such as the generalized permutohedron on a partially ordered set on the one hand, and the bipartition lattice on a set on the other hand. We obtain a precise description of the completely join-irreducible (resp., completely meet-irreducible) elements of Reg(e) and the arrow relations between them. In particular, we prove that (1) Reg(e) is the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of the poset Clop(e); (2) Every open subset of e is a set-theoretic union of completely join-irreducible clopen subsets of e; (3) Clop(e) is a lattice iiff every regular closed subset of e is clopen, iff e contains no "square" configuration, iff Reg(e)=Clop(e); (4) If e is finite, then Reg(e) is pseudocomplemented iff it is semidistributive, iff it is a bounded homomorphic image of a free lattice, iff e is a disjoint sum of antisymmetric transitive relations and two-element full relations. We illustrate the strength of our results by proving that, for n greater than or equal to 3, the congruence lattice of the lattice Bip(n) of all bipartitions of an n-element set is obtained by adding a new top element to a Boolean lattice with n2^{n-1} atoms. We also determine the factors of the minimal subdirect decomposition of Bip(n)., 25 pages

Kako su ljudi u davnini uspjeli podijeliti pojas ekliptike na 12 jednakih dijelova bez instrumenata za mjerenje kutne udaljenosti? Jednu primitivnu ali vrlo domišljatu metodu iznosi Sekst Empirik u spisu "Protiv astrologa" (Adv. Math. V.24-26), a ona je opisana u ovom članku.

Traditionally considered by European Archaeology as water clocks, clepsydras have a use that is closer to etymological meaning: “water thieves”. In this paper we study and systematize clepsydras found in the Iberian Peninsula, whit the function of capturing and distributing liquids, both for domestic purposes of storing and cooking and in ceremonies at sanctuaries and burials.Tradicionalmente consideradas por la Arqueología Europea como relojes de agua, las clepsidras tienen también una funcionalidad que está directamente relacionada con su etimología: “ladrones de agua”. En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio y sistematización de las distintas clepsidras documentadas en la Península Ibérica, con la funcionalidad de captar y distribuir líquidos, tanto en el ámbito doméstico para almacenaje o cocina, como en el ceremonial en santuarios y enterramientos.

O livro que agora se publica assinala cem anos de existência de uma das mais fulgurantes obras da poesia portuguesa — «Clepsydra», de Camilo Pessanha. A receptividade e vitalidade que lhe reconhecemos foram secundadas não só pelo diálogo crítico e pelas sucessivas propostas de edição de que foi objecto, mas também por trabalhos criativos, de reescrita ou de homenagem, que de igual modo a continuaram e a colocaram em movimento. Encontra-se aqui reunido um conjunto de ensaios, previamente comentados e cuidadosamente revistos, com o propósito de dar expressão ao trabalho de questionamento e de pesquisa que «Clepsydra» e o seu autor continuam a estimular. Apesar de, em todos eles, a leitura ter por objecto esse texto centralizador, agora com cem anos de existência, alguns destes estudos procuram também ir ao encontro de aspectos cruciais do trabalho comparatista do nosso tempo, abrindo espaço a reflexões sobre os contactos culturais e a dimensão estrangeira que perpassam a escrita de Pessanha, sem esquecer ainda as migrações discursivas e a intertextualidade, fenómenos relativamente aos quais podemos colher hoje admiráveis exemplos. Procurou-se, em suma, que os ensaios não se cingissem apenas à análise estrita dos poemas — o espólio do autor, a recepção e a posteridade literária da sua obra, as figurações do Oriente, são alguns dos temas chamados à reflexão no presente volume., FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Jornal Hoje Macau