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Social justice movements, protests, marches, and direct action are collective events including many people. Although organizers should carefully plan the goals and strategies of these actions broadly, and behavior analysts have made significant progress to systems level analyses of social and cultural practices, it is important to continue to include analyses of the individuals involved and how the contingencies of protest may encourage or discourage continued involvement. One critical aspect of these contingencies, I argue, is how the action ends. Two protest actions are analyzed as a participant with a focus on how the protest ended and if the operant "attending a protest" was reinforced or punished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food has become a privileged space for analyzing different forms of citizen participation. This paper reviews typologies of political participation to determine which of them is more useful to classify the strategies of food-based engagement. We propose a taxonomy of civic and political food actions, with particular reference to Spain, integrating traditional and modern actions as well as and collective, online and offline dimensions. We applied a mixed methodology, based on primary sources – a survey of 1,0005 people and 22 in-depth interviews with different profiles of food activists- and secondary sources. The proposed taxonomy of food political participation is useful to map different forms of (non-) participation, latent participation and political participation in food issues that are currently being developed. This classification, by including civic and latent forms of involvement, can serve to guide future empirical studies about food participation that consider not only formal participation, but also factors as: showing propensity to search for information about food issues from an ethical, political, or environmental perspective; identifying with an ideology that promotes ethical, politically and socially responsible food decisions; or developing a political food lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social circus refers to programs that use circus arts to facilitate social intervention with people experiencing marginalization. Although some programs focus specifically on youth, little is known about how they are impacted by their participation. We examined the experiences of youth participating in a four-day social circus event. Four themes were identified that characterized participants' experiences: (a) creating a safe social space; (b) enriching your self-understanding; (c) bolstering your expressive capacities; and (d) experiencing the world around you. This research highlights how social circus activities can create safe and enriching social spaces that are adapted to the experiences of youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Politik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues for philanthropy to align itself with social movements and prioritize the needs and perspectives of those most impacted by oppression. It emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the origins of philanthropic wealth and the need to return it to the people. The article also calls for philanthropy to be a site of contestation and to support social movements in a way that is accountable and in service of their goals. It highlights the transformative potential of social movements and their root cause analysis, as well as their ability to resist and construct alternatives. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of solidarity and true allyship in philanthropy's work with social movements. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the problem with the Effective Altruism (EA) and Longtermist (LT) worldview, which is rooted in a mechanistic and dualistic understanding of reality. It argues that this worldview overlooks the interconnectedness and intelligence of all living beings within a sentient ecology and cosmos. The article proposes a post-capitalist, life-centric approach as an alternative, which values symbiotic relationships, reciprocity, and cooperation with all beings. It suggests that philanthropy should move away from control and attribution and instead embrace humble contribution, solidarity, and cooperation. The article emphasizes the need to transition to an ecosystemic lens and to think and behave like good ancestors for the sake of our collective social and ecological well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Since the 1980s, scholars have been documenting protest movements against the building of large hydropower dams. These movements have arisen mainly in communities where people have experienced displacement and loss of livelihood without receiving proper compensation. Less attention has been paid to community action and environmental movements that promoted the restoration of canalised, diverted, depleted and/or polluted rivers. Since the beginning of the 2000s, however, more attention is being paid in academic literature to communities and social movements that propose to remove dams, stop pollution of rivers, restore fish ecosystems, or rewild rivers. There has also been increased interest in movements advocating for the granting of legal personhood to rivers and in those that are opposing dams because they want to protect free-flowing rivers for fish migration or tourism. A systematic literature review was undertaken in order to analyse scientific publications on diverse river defence and restoration movements. A relatively small number (104) of publications was retrieved, but these nevertheless showed a diversity in geographic spread and coverage of river issues and river movement strategies. The attention of the publications shifted from anti-dam protests to a variety of issues including especially river pollution, and to a minor degree issues like indigenous rights and rights of rivers. Most of the publications addressed river movements in the USA and India and the majority did not describe the movements’ activities in detail; several, however, described effective activism, advocacy, citizen science monitoring, and litigation. The review suggests that river movements contribute to democratic governance and environmental justice. It also shows that the scientific literature is focused mainly on large anti-dam protests and pays less attention to local river activism and its networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the work and contributions of Dorothy Smith to the field of adult education. Smith, a feminist sociologist, challenged the established discipline of sociology and developed the concept of ruling relations. She emphasized the importance of understanding the everyday world and the experiences of individuals within it. Smith's work focused on the agency and consciousness of people, and she provided a revolutionary way of understanding and changing society. The article also highlights the application of Smith's institutional ethnography method in adult education research. [Extracted from the article]

This paper aims to bring reflections and notes for strengthening Brazilian structuring public policies, focusing on Popular Health Education in the Unified Health System (SUS) from the perspectives built in the Observatory of Popular Health Education and the Brazilian Reality. The Observatory is a valuable space for sharing health professionals' and popular educators' interpretations and experiences about local and Brazilian realities from the perspective of Popular Health Education. During its two years of activity, the Observatory has gathered summary interpretations of Popular Health Education for the crises that traverse the country's recent history in a dialogical and participatory way. In a panoramic view, the shared statements point to challenges for valuing the human approach to health promotion, including respecting local and community knowledge and social practices. Moreover, we underscore the importance of social participation in constructing participatory social processes in public health toward citizen autonomy and expanded democratic dynamics in the Brazilian State and its social equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Behrouz Boochani, a Kurdish refugee, shares his personal story of displacement and struggle in an interview with Laura Borrowdale. He discusses leaving Iran due to his activism in preserving Kurdish culture and language, and his subsequent journey to Australia where he was banished to Manus Island under the "19 July Policy." Boochani describes the dehumanizing conditions on the island and his efforts to resist and challenge the system through his writing and filmmaking. He emphasizes the importance of representing the diverse experiences of refugees and shedding light on the power dynamics and marginalization they face. Boochani also discusses the significance of language in decolonization and the role of teachers in empowering marginalized communities. [Extracted from the article]

Combining primary and secondary sources, the author describes spiritual friendships among women as a characteristic of the Methodist movement in North America from the late eighteenth to late nineteenth centuries, suggesting that these bonds played a determinative role in the movement's growth. The article demonstrates how distinguishing features of early American Methodism, including its social occasions (such as class, band, and society meetings, love feasts, events with guest preachers, and gatherings segregated by sex), spirituality of sanctification, and proactive social concern, were predominantly constituted by women's participation and grew from invitations by and for women. These features likewise facilitated the development of women's leadership as organizers within the movement, of which they have been and still are the predominant gender. The author contrasts the influential role of women in friendship as a determinative factor in the movement's growth with the more familiar veneration of its prominent male itinerant preachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woody Guthrie built a strong reputation after 1942 as an artist and activist opposed to racism. From that time, he had a consistent ideology that promoted racial justice and economic equality for all. This essay examines pivotal earlier events when he was effectively confronted by two Black people for singing racist lyrics on the radio in 1937 and 1939 and also examines the roles of the "long Civil Rights Movement," the Communist Party USA, and the Black press in aiding Guthrie's development of a new racial consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the abundant literature on the need for grassroots food system reform, the process for achieving such reform is less understood from the perspective of multi-scalar coalition building. Using semi-structured interviews with civic food coalition leaders in Australia, our paper examines the strengths and struggles associated with collectivising, collaborating, and planning that civic food coalitions experience as they aim to drive wider transformations in food systems. Findings indicate a need to pay heightened attention during the early stages of coalition formation, as this is when coalitions form a sustainable structure as they begin to scale up. In addition to gaining a better understanding of these internal dynamics, we argue that civic food coalitions can be one pathway to transform the food system, as they serve as an important catalyst to bring food-related issues (such as social and environmental justice) to the forefront in building alliances and collective action across communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedagogical realm expands and goes beyond the four walls of a classroom. It becomes omnipresent. However, there are spheres where it displays overtly its political character such as in the functioning of political organisations. In these organisations the relationship of the leader and cadre or the institutional form of politics and the masses that it seeks to include is constituted through a prolonged pedagogical process. This process is defined through a relationship that revolves around exclusion, inclusion and framing of an institutional structure visà- vis the masses. Rosa Luxemburg and Paulo Freire in their own ways reflected on these relationships either directly or their writings can be read to understand the making of political pedagogy in South Asian context, more specifically India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Kurdish Studies is the property of International Journal of Kurdish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent decades, especially at the turn of the millennium, several countries considered as mature democracies are now exhibiting trends and patterns of democratic recession, democratic backsliding and democratic apostacy as many of them are experiencing legitimacy erosion as manifested through frequent public delivery protests organized by cross-sector social movements and general dissatisfaction with the quality and nature of service delivery. In South Africa, between 2004 and 2019, there were a total of over 3 000 service delivery protests organised by several social movements, with the country experiencing 2 455 service delivery protests just between July and September 2022 alone. This calls for an interrogation of the problems of service delivery protests in the midst of democratic consolidation. This paper therefore sought to examine the intricacies presented by problems of service delivery protest organised by various social movements within the contexts of states experiencing democratic consolidation. Specifically, the paper analysed the impact and implications of these social movements-organised service delivery protests on the progression of democratic consolidation. Methodologically, secondary data sources are used for analysis, with the concept of democratic consolidation providing conceptual lenses for analysis. Findings are critical in adding fresh perspectives and insights into the conversations on service delivery and democratic consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Environmental justice is a significant community and social movement that continues to evolve. As "anchor infrastructure," water utilities are in a good position to meet this movement, using their relationships within their communities and experience with navigating complex issues. New funding sources and "environmental big data" are opportunities for water utilities to improve their infrastructure and better protect public health in underserved communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a socio-historical study covering the period 1979-2014 to explore the genesis of LGBT health policy in Bahia, Brazil, drawing on Pinell’s theoretical framework for the sociological analysis of public policy. To analyze the social space, we investigated the trajectories of the agents involved in policy formulation and the relations between these agents and the national social space and field of State power. The agents were predominantly from the scientific, human rights, sexual rights, feminism and AIDS fields, and had a high level of bureaucratic and militant capital, meaning they were well-versed in LGBT health issues. The historical conditions of possibility underlying the formulation of LGBT health policy included the formalization of the State Technical Committee on LGBT Health in 2014, in an effort to improve access to comprehensive health care for vulnerable groups; and the Bahia without Homophobia plan, which helped expand dialogue around with civil society and social movements and address the main criticisms of policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article employs the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization and litigation in its wake as the jumping off point to reconsider the connections between judges, the Constitution, and social movements. That movements influence constitutional law, and that judicial pronouncements in turn are reshaped by politics, is well-established. But, while these accounts of legal change depend upon judges to embrace movement ideas, less has been written about the conditions under which judicial entrenchment can be expected to take place. There may, in fact, be different types of judicial dispositions towards external political phenomena. In this Article, we focus on one type of judge ascendant in the current constitutional moment: the movement jurist. Although movement judges are not new, they are more visible and influential today than in recent years. In fact, identifying this kind of figure -- who is already shaped by movement beliefs or shares social experiences making such a person open to nonestablishment constitutional perspectives -- has emerged as a potent supplement to older methods of entrenching mobilized legal knowledge and political beliefs. By peering behind the Dobbs decision and offering fresh context, we present a new set of analytical terminology for understanding the touchpoints between law, institutions, and politics. Along the way, we offer a corrective to what are often uncritical calls for more movement jurists. Judging involves its own institutional imperatives and purposes, many of which are at odds with social activism. There are reasons why we might want judges under certain circumstances to pay attention to movements, and we discuss what some of those institution-enhancing and constitutioninterpreting reasons might be. But there are risks as well. Movement judges need not be committed to any particular vision of justice or democracy or even interpretive methodology -- as Dobbs plainly shows, it is more accurate to identify movement judges by their constitutional politics and social networks rather than by party affiliation. We describe the characteristics of movement judges so their legal output can be evaluated with this crucial context in mind. Adopting a historical and institutional perspective, we point to some benefits that can come from having the occasional movement figure join the judiciary. But we also offer some words of caution about corresponding tradeoffs when too many movement figures appear within a single organization like the Supreme Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of unity and solidarity in social movements and the challenges they face in achieving these goals. It highlights the need for global resistance against powerful forces that are negatively impacting society and the planet. The article also addresses the issue of climate change and the frustration with the lack of action from governments and the UN. It emphasizes the need to go beyond issue-based campaigns and build strong and enduring global unity. The article concludes by discussing the importance of including migrants in social justice discussions and the need to address their concerns. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Trabajo Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines key debates within and regarding contemporary internationalist movements in Mexico and Germany. The starting point is the discussion on New Internationalism, originating in the practices and ideas of groups in solidarity with and anti-colonial and anti-imperialist movements in the global South since the 1970s, which were subsequently discussed, expanded, and transformed within various social struggles. Employing a qualitative content analysis, we reconstruct common themes, similarities and divergences in texts authored by the EZLN and BUKO from 1996 to 2021. The findings reveal that common references to the contents of New Internationalism exist in the examined texts, yet are interpreted differently along situated struggles and experiences of oppression and marginalization. Connecting elements are forms of intersectional critique of domination, as well as the rejection of the idea of a revolutionary subject, an avant-garde, a principal contradiction, and the taking over of state power. Simultaneously, the analysed texts emphasize the necessity of transnational struggles and global networking against capitalism to counteract planetary destruction and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociology & Space / Sociologija i Prostor is the property of Institut za drustvena istrazivanja u Zagrebu (Institute for Social Research of Zagreb) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologija/Sociology: Journal of Sociology, Social Psychology & Social Anthropology is the property of MOD International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What are the factors that drive how legislative actors respond and manage protests during social movements? Protests are taken as a feature of democratic expression. However, when they escalate into extreme violence, threatening lives and property, they also impact on how legislators as key governance actors channel the direction of their choices. Among many theoretical explanations, we single out the rational choice theory (RCT) as an analytical framework to assess Nigeria’s 2020 #EndSARS protests. This is because of the RCT’s explanatory focus on how macro-societal, meso-institutional and microindividual level factors shape actors’ preferences, limiting decision making options. During #EndSARS, legislators and legislative symbols were targeted by peaceful and violent protesters alike, and we draw on this to analyse the extent to which the RCT provides explanations for legislative behaviour and the rationality of legislative choices on the one hand, and how the actions demonstrate legislative preferences in responses to protesters, on the other hand. Drawing on secondary data sources complemented with interviews with legislators, we argue instead that the explanations to variations and similarities in the behaviour of legislators during violent protests are largely domiciled at an adjusted meso-level of action where new stakeholders, interests and complex decision-making problems. This, in turn, limits alternatives, patronage and the wider engagement that should inform legislative interventions. To navigate this, legislators adopt a collective than individualised approach to engaging with protest stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveying the role of the arts in social movements offers approaches for ways in which art therapists can be collaborators in peacebuilding. A contemporary review of activist and protest art reveals four sources of inspiration for how art therapists can contribute: intentional symbols and metaphors, solidarity, memorializing, and resilience. When integrated with peacebuilding strategies, art therapists can support social movements by visualizing injustices, representing voices, bringing people together, and imagining solutions. By working in collaboration with peacebuilders, art therapists can apply social justice stances to different strands of peacebuilding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an interview with Elizabeth A. Povinelli, a philosopher and anthropologist, discussing her work on colonialism within liberalism and her engagement with Michel Foucault's ideas. Povinelli explores the concept of "geontopower," which refers to the discourse, affects, and tactics used in late liberalism to shape the relationship between Life and Nonlife. She also discusses the Virus as a figure of geontopower, highlighting its ability to disrupt existing arrangements and divert energies. Povinelli connects this concept to the COVID-19 pandemic and the global effects of the virus. The interview emphasizes the empirical connection between Povinelli's readings of Foucault and her lived experiences with indigenous communities. It also highlights her approach to political consequences without relying on binary thinking and her focus on recognizing neglected existences and political imaginations. [Extracted from the article]

All over the world, traditional models of art activism through dance involved performances that reached a limited audience, while the advent of networked digital spaces has vastly expanded the scope of art activism to a global level. Offering a qualitative netnographic exploration of how Bharatanatyam has been employed for such art activism in the digital space, this article examines the implications for this prominent traditional South Indian dance form in terms of stylistic changes as well as viewer reactions. Through content analysis of the viewer responses to ten popular renditions uploaded on YouTube over five years (2016–2020), we trace how the art form is evolving and how activist goals are reciprocated by the audience. Our findings confirm that Bharatanatyam has great potential to evolve by adapting novel social themes. However, while such contemporary renditions may elicit viewer responses that critically appraise specific social issues and pave the way for social change, the resulting innovations continue to co-exist with old conflicts and tensions about 'traditional' art and its uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desarrollo Económico is the property of Instituto de Desarrollo Economico y Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: In this article we focus on two women's movements, Abortion Rights in Australia and the Iranian women's protests, that have resisted dominant oppressive discourses and systems. These movements have pushed back on the regulation of women's bodies, choice, and reproductive rights, and are demanding social justice against violence, key areas of concern for critical social work (CSW). METHODS: The theoretical lenses of feminist transnationalism and intersectionality will inform critical analysis based on our case studies describing activism on reproductive justice (RJ) and social justice. FINDINGS: Both movements centre women's choice and control over their bodies--in one case, the removal of access to abortion in the USA (United States of America) has incited protests to protect women's reproductive right to choose, and in the other, Iranian women have taken to the streets to demand their rights to gender equality and protest the systematic violence against women and their bodies. Consideration of the contribution of women's activism to social work education is presented. CONCLUSION: While these movements are not equivalent, they demonstrate political and collective activism to fight for women's right to choose. The article concludes with how social movements can help us develop strategies of hope and collective action. The pedagogy of solidarity and community of practice can amplify social work education to both reflect and encourage activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terms "rural social movement" or "peasant movement" are used in many different senses and there is a need to systematize the theoretical concept of rural social movements (RSM) in the European, and especially post-communist context in order to understand the protest activity of agrarian communities. RSM have been present throughout the post-transition period in Poland, but the concept is applicable in other European contexts as well. This paper is an account of the origins and development of RSM in Poland. The focus is on Agrounia [Agrounion], understood as a social movement with distinct characteristics. Protest Event Analysis is used to collect information of rural protests in 2012-2022 and results are presented. Analyses indicate that there is a continuity in RSM goals, tactics and social base and Agrounia replicates the model adopted by Samoobrona [Self-Defence] in the 1990s. RSM are also considered as a political actors. They operate outside of the main established political blocs and avoid the cultural-historical cleavages determining Polish politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do individuals make sense of the specific issues that motivate them when they participate in activism? Are there clear and consistent patterns of motivations among participants and organizers within a movement over time? This paper applies network methods to a unique dataset to understand the relationships and structure formed among the issues that activists cited as motivation for their participation in a series of climate-related demonstrations over a three-year period. We test whether these networks of issue motivations form coherent structures, and whether they reflect the growing emphasis on social justice within the climate movement. Our findings highlight the coherence in the structure of relationships among motivations to participate, especially the centrality of 'Equality' as a motivation within our sampled cycle of contention. • We summarize key findings from 4 surveys of Climate Resistance activists in 2017, 2019, and 2020 events. • We use entailment analysis to look at networks of motivations at each of these events. • We find stable relationships occur within and between samples supporting the notion of a 'relational culture' of motivations. • We discuss what these findings mean in terms of the literature and the future of the environmental movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Sociología is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)