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• A new strategy of introducing high- E p metals into TMNs is proposed for HWCs design. • Adding Ag induces better conductivity than adding Ta due to the E p - τ synergistic effect. • Hf 0.92 Ag 0.08 N solid-solution coatings can be used as new HWCs for harsh environment. Hard and wear-resistant conductors (HWCs) have important applications in the next-generation sliding electrical contacts. However, Cu- and Pt-based alloys, two commonly used HWCs, have very low hardness despite their good electrical conductivity. In this letter, we integrate high hardness, wear resistance, and good electrical conductivity in one material by introducing high-plasma-energy (E p) heterogeneous metals (e.g., Ag or Ta) to transition metal nitrides (e.g., HfN). The obtained solid solution films (such as Hf 0.92 Ag 0.08 N) not only have the good electrical conductivity as traditional HWCs (such as Pt-Ir alloy) but also exhibit much higher hardness and wear resistance than traditional HWCs. Introducing Ag and Ta can improve the hardness and wear resistance of HfN almost equally, but the introduction of Ag can provide better electrical conductivity. This is because the introduction of Ag induces a synergistic effect of E p and relaxation time (τ), while the introduction of Ta results in a competitive effect of E p and τ. Through the combination of first-principles calculations and experiments, we explain the physical mechanisms of these two effects and draw a map of candidate materials with the synergistic effect. Therefore, the new HWC design strategy proposed in this study not only broadens the range of applications for transition metal nitrides but also breaks the bottleneck of integrating high hardness, high electrical conductivity, and wear resistance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pd-catalyzed carbonylative dearomatization via an acyl Pd complex has been developed. Diversified carbonyl-containing spirocyclic indolenines with an all-carbon quaternary center were constructed in an efficient and straightforward way with good to excellent yields. The protocol features a simple catalytic system, operational simplicity, a broad substrate scope, easy scale-up, and versatile transformations. In addition, the asymmetric reaction was initially explored with moderate enantioselectivity.

A palladium-catalyzed dearomatization of indoles with alkynes has been developed, providing an efficient route to access a variety of synthetically useful spirocyclohexaneindolenines in moderate to good yields. The current method features a simple catalytic system, operational simplicity, and good functional group compatibility, which will contribute substantially to the development of dearomatization to access spiro compounds. Besides, the ubiquitous existence of spiro molecules, including spirocyclohexaneindolenines, in drugs and biological active molecules suggests the potential application of this methodology in medicinal chemistry.

The wake of a submarine is a crucial element that greatly affects its stealth and hydrodynamic performance. To investigate the propagation and evolution characteristics of submarine wakes in a stratified fluid, particularly under free surface conditions, a numerical method to simulate the linearly stratified environment was developed. A thermocline model based on Boussinesq assumption was introduced to match the continuously stratified fluid. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was utilized to capture free surface waves, while a fully structured grid and the SST k- ωturbulence model were combined to solve the complex flow of submarines. Grid independence study in homogenous flow near the free surface was initially conducted. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic performance, wake evolution characteristics, free surface signatures as well as decay of velocity under different stratification levels were analyzed. Results demonstrated that the numerical method employed was efficient in simulating stratified flows. Moreover, it showed that density stratification had a significant impact on the hydrodynamics and wake characteristics of a submarine, especially under strong density stratification circumstances.

Porous foam based on renewable materials has attracted extensive attention in green energy conservation and sustainable development. However, there is still a requisite for biomass-based porous foam that could meet the demand for excellent mechanical and high thermal insulation performances for building insulation. Herein, we demonstrated a facile strategy to prepare a porous foam made from a chitosan matrix reinforced by SiC whisker, which shows good performance in building insulation and mechanical strength. The prepared porous foam has a low density (20.1–54.4 kg m−3) and high porosity (>97.0%). The density of the chitosan-SiC porous foam can be controlled by varying the suspension solid and SiC whisker content in the preparation process. Furthermore, the influences of SiC whisker content on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the porous foams were also investigated. When the content of SiC whisker is 30 wt%, the prepared porous foam has the highest compression modulus of about 89.8 kPa and also low thermal conductivity of 0.0354 W m−1K−1. Moreover, the prepared porous foam shows excellent water vapor permeability with a vapor resistance factor of 2.94, which is beneficial for moisture transfer in buildings. This work provides a facile way to manufacture biomass based porous foam, which is potential for energy saving in buildings.

•The expression level of EPHX4 was higher in HNSC patients’ tissues.•EPHX4 expression is closely associated with the immunity of HNSC.•EPHX4 promotes HNSC cells proliferation, colony formation and invasion.

Zn dendrite growth during repeated plating and stripping of a Zn metal anode often causes short-circuiting by puncturing the separator. Herein, we propose a separator modification strategy to regulate the Zn-ion flux and achieve uniform Zn deposition through the OH-terminated SiO2nanosphere coating. The interspaces between the uniform SiO2nanospheres construct a network of Zn-ion transport channels, and the negatively charged hydroxyl groups on the surface of SiO2nanospheres can electrostatically attract the Zn ions to direct the ion migration. The negative charges on SiO2nanospheres are retained at a higher pH, which enables the SiO2coating to consistently regulate the Zn-ion flux in the operating pH range of the Zn stripping/plating process. With a uniform Zn deposition guided by the SiO2coating, the dendrite formation is suppressed and the side reactions are alleviated. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell achieves a cyclic life of 1000 h at both 3 and 5 mA cm–2. Meanwhile, the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell is able to maintain a Coulombic efficiency of 99.62% at 1 mA cm–2for 2000 cycles, which outperforms many previously reported strategies.

The aim of this study was to identify members of potato GATAgene (StGATA) family and to provide information for further study on the regulatory role of StGATAtranscription factors in potato growth and development and biotic and abiotic stresses. Based on the whole potato genome data, the members of potato GATA transcription factor family were identified and systematically analyzed by bioinformatics online analysis website and software. In total, forty-nine GATA proteins from Solanum tuberosumwere identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these GATA proteins could be divided into 5 subfamilies. The gene structure and conserved motif analysis revealed that many genes have more than one intron. Forty-nine StGATAgenes were distributed on 12 chromosomes randomly. A cis-element analysis inferred that StGATAscontain abiotic stress-related elements. A heatmap showed that many StGATAs are generally expressed in tissues at different developmental stages. A representative member StGATA9was selected for screening its expression characteristics to identify whether it was induced by Ralstonia solanacearum, abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays indicated that StGATA9was induced by R. solanacearum. And StGATA9was up-regulated by different concentrations of ABA and MJ. Tissue localization showed that StGATA9was mainly expressed in phloem of leaf vascular bundles and stem vascular system. These results provide a theoretical basis for further experimental cloning and functional verification of the gene, while provides a theoretical basis for the study of molecular mechanism of resistance to bacterial wilt in potato.

In order to improve the production efficiency of electroslag remelting process and the solidification quality of electroslag ingot, a novel electroslag furnace with electromagnetic stirring was designed and the effects of external magnetic field and different electrical parameters on electroslag remelting process were studied. The distribution of carbon, chromium, phosphorus and compactness in electroslag ingot was analyzed through original position analysis apparatus. Results show that the external magnetic field accelerates the remelting of consumable electrode. Under the condition of remelting voltage of 34 V and current of 1500 A, the remelting rate of metal consumable electrode increases from 20 to 27 mm min−1when the magnetic induction intensity of 62 × 10−4and 108 × 10−4T is applied. However, the remelting current decreases from 1500 to 1100 A under the condition of constant remelting rate and remelting voltage, thereby reducing the energy consumption. The effect of external magnetic field on the segregation of different elements in electroslag ingot is different. Under the experimental conditions, the carbon segregation is unremarkable, but the phosphorus segregation is improved when the electromagnetic force generated by the interaction between the external magnetic field and the remelting current is small. However, the excessive electromagnetic force aggravates the segregation of carbon and phosphorus. With the increase in electromagnetic force, the chromium segregation gradually increases.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) exonuclease plays a vital proofreading role in the base excision repair pathway by removing 3’end group, including oxidatively damaged DNA bases, chain terminating nucleotide analog drugs, terminal blocking groups and mismatched bases. Herein, a simple and real time fluorometric method was developed for detecting APE1 exonuclease activity using molecular beacon as substrate. Experimental results demonstrated that the detection limit of this method was 0.01 U/μL for APE1, and the Kmvalue was (0.27 ± 0.10) μmol/L. Moreover, the method was used to screen antibiotics and the results showed that streptomycin sulfate and gentamycin sulfate had a significant inhibitory effect on APE1 exonuclease activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the assay was used for investigating the inhibitory effects of heavy metal ions on APE1 exonuclease activity. Finally, the method was further used to monitor the effect of heavy metal ions treatment of the APE1 exonuclease activity of ramie, and the results indicated that APE1 exonuclease activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner after treatment with Pb2+and Cd2+, which was consistent with heavy metal ions assay in vitro. In summary, this method provided an alternative tool for the biochemical analysis for APE1 exonuclease activity, which was hopeful for the assessment for heavy metal ions adsorption according to the enzymatic activity change in phytoremediation.

•Spray-drying method simplifies inorganic filler modification process.•(2) Poly (isoprene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) significantly promote the interfacial interactions between SBR and talcum powder.•An effective method for enhancing the physical properties of SBR/Talcum powder composites is provided.

Solid bitumen was identified in the pore spaces of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation glutenite reservoir in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and organic geochemical techniques were used to characterize solid bitumen and determine its source and origin. Rock core observations as well as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analyses show that the reservoir pores are filled with isotropic solid bitumen. Biomarker geochemistry indicates that the solid bitumen is early mature to mature and formed in a reductive lacustrine environment with saline water. Oil–source correlation suggests that the solid bitumen was sourced from the low-early mature Fengcheng Formation shale. Bulk composition, alkane composition, and terpane analyses indicate that the solid bitumen did not experience oxidation or biodegradation. Geothermal evolution of the Baikouquan Formation confirms that thermal alteration is not effective for bitumen formation. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis, the solid bitumen was formed from early mature crude oil by high pressure and moderate temperatures.

A calculation model of activity for CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2slag is established according to molecular-ion coexistence theory of slag structure to calculate the activities of Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2in the slag. The possibility of TiO2reduction in the slag during refining is analyzed by thermodynamics and verified by laboratory and industrial experiments. Both theoretical analysis and laboratory experimental results show that the content of TiO2in the ladle slag significantly influences the Ti content in molten steel. When the content of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel is 0.030–0.050%, the TiO2content in the ladle slag should be controlled below 0.3% to prevent TiO2reduction. The critical content of TiO2decreases with an increasing amount of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel. In addition, silicon should be used as a deoxidizer during diffused deoxidization because aluminum as a deoxidizer would lead to the reduction of TiO2. The industrial experiments confirm the results of the laboratory experiments and thermodynamics analysis.

The Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex is the most common E3 ligase, and the SCF complex (CRL1) has the most diverse functions. Cullin1(CUL1) is a scaffolding protein for assembly of the complex. SCF has been shown to participate in the non-biological stress response pathways. In this study, a classic CUL1 protein was identified in Solanum tuberosum, StCUL1. A full-length cDNA of the StCUL1gene was obtained from ED13 (a potato variety) by Ralstonia solanacearuminoculation using the RACE method. Sequence analysis indicated that the gene comprised 2662 bp, with an open reading frame of 2229 bp encoding 743 amino acids. The expression levels of the StCUL1gene in potato treated with R. solanacearumand exogenous hormones (such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid methyl ester and abscisic acid) at different time points were determined by real-time PCR. The results indicated that StCUL1was induced not only by pathogenic bacteria, but also by exogenous hormones, with sustained high expression. However, there were some differences in the modes of expression. Tissue localization analysis indicated that its expression was tissue specific, and it was mainly in the phloem of the vascular system of stems and leaves.

AbstractTo understand the influence of storage period on the quality of light-flavor Daqu, physicochemical and biochemical indices, as well as microbial communities of Daqu were analyzed by traditional and metagenomics methods. The results suggest that the moisture content of the Daqu samples are essentially invariant during the storage period; the acidity ascended slowly during the first 3 months, then descended; the saccharifying power of some samples began to decrease during the first 3 months. The diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities of some of the Daqu samples was found to decline to a minimum after storage for 3 months. On the basis of the variations in primary indices of the Daqu samples, it was deemed acceptable to store samples for 3 months before use for light-flavor Daqu. This is the first report of Daqu quality being estimated during storage by physicochemical, biochemical, and microbial indices, and it provides a theoretical foundation for the quality evaluation of Daqu during storage and use.

The 110 Ksi tubing failed in use when reservoir acidification reconstruction and production testing were performed in an oil well, which were longitudinal cracking of coupling. Failure analysis was conducted on the coupling. The failure zone was studied by means of macroscopic analysis, metallographic, scanning electronic microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis etc. The results indicated that the failure of the coupling is caused by stress corrosion cracking (SCC). SCC initiated from the exterior surface of coupling and displayed the fracture feature of intergranular crack propagation. The corrosion products at the grain boundaries were found to be mainly some oxides. The failure was in connection with the completion fluid composition, which are mainly nitrates.

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaud.) is a traditionally terrestrial fiber crop. However, hydroponic technology can enhance the quantity and quality of disease free Ramie plant seedlings for field cultivation. To date, few studies have attempted to examine the hydroponic induction of ramie roots and the molecular responses of ramie roots to aquatic environment. In this study, ramie tender stems was grown in the soil or in a hydroponic water solution, and cultured in the same environmental conditions. Root samples of terrestrial ramie, and different developmental stages of hydroponic ramie (5days, 30days), were firstly pooled for reference transcriptome sequencing by Illumina Hiseq 2000. Gene expression levels of each samples were quantified using the BGISEQ500 platform to help understand the distribution of aquatic root development related genes at the macro level (GSE98903). Our data resources provided an opportunity to elucidate the adaptation mechanisms of ramie seedlings roots in aquatic environment.

Remorins, plant-specific proteins, have a significant role in conferring on plants the ability to adapt to adverse environments. However, the precise function of remorins in resistance to biological stress remains largely unknown. Eighteen CaREMgenes were identified in pepper genome sequences based on the C-terminal conserved domain that is specific to remorin proteins in this research. Phylogenetic relations, chromosomal localization, motif, gene structures, and promoter regions of these remorins were analyzed and a remorin gene, CaREM1.4, was cloned for further study. The transcription of CaREM1.4in pepper was induced by infection with Ralstonia solanacearum. Knocking down CaREM1.4in pepper using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technologies reduced the resistance of pepper plants to R. solanacearumand downregulated the expression of immunity-associated genes. Conversely, transient overexpression of CaREM1.4in pepper and Nicotiana benthamianaplants triggered hypersensitive response-mediated cell death and upregulated expression of defense-related genes. In addition, CaRIN4-12, which interacted with CaREM1.4 at the plasma membrane and cell nucleus, was knocked down with VIGS, decreasing the susceptibility of Capsicum annuumto R. solanacearum. Furthermore, CaREM1.4 reduced ROS production by interacting with CaRIN4-12 upon co-injection in pepper. Taken together, our findings suggest that CaREM1.4 may function as a positive regulator of the hypersensitive response, and it interacts with CaRIN4-12, which negatively regulates plant immune responses of pepper to R. solanacearum.Our study provides new evidence for comprehending the molecular regulatory network of plant cell death.

Rock brittleness is an important parameter for evaluating the fracability of the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as tight sandstone and shale oil. Compared with the laboratory measurement, rock brittleness in 3D stratum using the joint inversion of seismic and well logs is more significant for oil exploration and development, but the resolution of the inversion results is low due to the narrowly effective bandwidth of seismic data. Deep neural network (DNN) can establish the complex nonlinear mapping relationship between input and output data to improve the resolution of inversion results, but it has the problem of unstable prediction results in the case of insufficient training samples in the geophysical field. Aiming at the problem, firstly, the ratio of Young ‘s modulus to Poisson ‘s ratio is defined as the rock brittleness index, and an AVO approximation equation with brittleness index is derived, thus establishing the convolution model between the rock brittleness index and seismic data. Secondly, an objective function containing the loss of logging data, seismic data and low-frequency components obtained by the inverse distance weighted interpolation of seismic and well logs is proposed to improve the spatial constraints of seismic and well logs. Then, the spatiotemporal attention mechanism is fused with the convolutional neural network (CNN) and gate recurrent unit (GRU) network to improve the sensitivity of the network proposed to important spatiotemporal characteristics. Finally, a DNN based on the double constraints of convolution model and data is established to solve the inversion stability in the case of small samples. The inversion results of the geological model with sand body superposition and pinchout and the tight sandstone reservoir in Junggar Basin verify that the generalization and prediction accuracy of the network proposed.

Plant Myb transcription factors are crucial in regulating secondary metabolism, cellular morphogenesis and responses to hormone and stress signals. In this study, 19 Myb gene fragments were isolated from five Leymusspecies, three of which, LrMyb3, LmMyb8 and LmMyb6 were nearly complete open reading frames encoding putative LeymusMyb genes. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that all these putative Myb from Leymusrepresent plant typical R2R3-Myb genes. Compared with Myb gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, the 19 LeymusMyb gene fragments of the R2R3 region amino acid showed three different types, W-x (19) W-x (19) W-x (12) F-x (18) W-x (18) W, W-x (19) W-x (19) W-x (12) M-x (18) W-x (18) W and W-x (19) W-x (19) R-x (12) L-x (18) W-x (18) W. LmMyb8 gene shares high similarity to ZmMyb39 which was possible involvement of caffeic acid O-methyl-transferase (COMT) in the lignification process. TheLmMyb8 gene is expressed at high level in leaves and roots while at low level in stems.

Plant Myb transcription factors arc crucial in regulating secondary metabolism, cellular morphogenesis and responses to hormone and stress signals. In this study, 19 Myb gene fragments were isolated from five Leymusspecies, three of which, LrMybSi LmMybSand LmMybGwere nearly complete open reading frames encoding putative LeymusMyb genes. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that all these putative Myb from Leymusrepresent plant typical R2R3-Myb genes. Compared with Myb gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, the 19 LeymusMyb gene fragments of the R2R3 region amino acid showed three different types, W-x (19) W-x (19) W-x (12) F-x (18) W-x (18) W, W-x (19) W-x (19) W-x (12) M-x (18) W-x (18) W and W-x (19) W-x (19) R-x (12) L-x (18) W-x (18) W. LmMybSgene shares high similarity to ZmMyb39which was possible involvement of caffeic acid O-methyl-transferase (COMT) in the lignification process. The LmMyb8gene is expressed at high level in leaves and roots while at low level in stems.

To investigate the Ns genome donor of Leymusand to elucidate the origin of Xm genome of Leymus, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze 13 Leymusaccessions, together with 14 taxa from related Triticeae genera. A total of 156 clear and reproducible DNA fragments were amplified by 24 RAPD primers, among which 154 fragments (98.72%) were found to be polymorphic. The main results showed as following: (1) the Leymusspecies were clustered together first, and there is the closest phylogenetic relationship between L. akmolinensisand L. angustus; (2) Leymusspecies have Ns genome, which come from Psathyrostachys, and different Psathyrostachysspecies could serve as the donor for different Leymusspecies; (3) The partial Leymusspecies had a close phylogenetic relationship with Hordeum chilense, Australopyrum retrofractum, Lophyrum elongatum.

To investigate the Ns genome donor of Leymusand to elucidate the origin of Xm genome of Leymus, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze 13 Leymusaccessions, together with 14 taxa from related Triticeae genera. A total of 156 clear and reproducible DNA fragments were amplified by 24 RAPD primers, among which 154 fragments (98.72%) were found to be polymorphic. The main results showed as following: (1) the Leymusspecies were clustered together first, and there is the closest phylogenetic relationship between L. akmolinensisand L. angustus; (2) Leymusspecies have Ns genome, which come from Psathyrostachys, and different Psathyrostachysspecies could serve as the donor for different Leymusspecies; (3) The partial Leymusspecies had a close phylogenetic relationship with Hordeum chilense, Australopyrum retrofractum, Lophyrum elongatum.

To investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Kengyiliaand related diploid genera, the genome donor of Kengyilia, and the evolutionary history of polyploid Kengyiliaspecies, disrupted meiotic cDNA1 (DMC1) sequences were analyzed for 11 Kengyiliaspecies, together with 34 diploid taxa from 12 monogenomic genera. Sequence diversity and genealogical analysis suggested that (1) the St and P genomes were donated by Pseudoroegneriaand Agropyron, respectively; (2) phylogenetic analyses separated the Y sequences from the St sequences, it confirmed that St and Y genome in Kengyiliaspecies have originated from different donors; (3) the St genome of Kengyiliahad several origins and diverse species of Pseudoroegneriamight have taken part in the formation of polyploid species of Kengyilia.

To investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Kengyiliaand related diploid genera, the genome donor of Kengyilia, and the evolutionary history of polyploid Kengyiliaspecies, disrupted meiotic cDNA1 (DMC1) sequences were analyzed for 11 Kengyiliaspecies, together with 34 diploid taxa from 12 monogenomic genera. Sequence diversity and genealogical analysis suggested that (1) the St and P genomes were donated by Pseudoroegneriaand Agropyron, respectively; (2) phylogenetic analyses separated the Y sequences from the St sequences, it confirmed that St and Y genome in Kengyiliaspecies have originated from different donors; (3) the St genome of Kengyiliahad several origins and diverse species of Pseudoroegneriamight have taken part in the formation of polyploid species of Kengyilia.

To investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Elymusand related diploid genera, the genome donor of Elymus, and the evolutionary history of polyploid Elymusspecies, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were analyzed for 10 Elymusspecies, together with 17 diploid taxa from 5 monogenomic genera. The phylogenetic analyses (Neighbor-Joining) supported two major clades (St and H). Sequence diversity and genealogical analysis suggested that (1) Elymusspecies were unambiguously closely related to Pseudoroegeria; (2) Pse. stipifoliamight be serve as the St genome donor of polyploid Elymusspecies; (3) the Y genome might be originated from ancestral lineage of Pseudoroegneria(St); (4) the ITS sequences of Elymuswere evolutionarily distinct and may clarify parental lineages and phylogenetic relationships in Elymus.

To investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Elymus and related diploid genera, the genome donor of Elymus, and the evolutionary history of polyploid Elymus species, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were analyzed for 10 Elymus species, together with 17 diploid taxa from 5 monogenomic genera. The phylogenetic analyses (Neighbor-Joining) supported two major clades (St and H). Sequence diversity and genealogical analysis suggested that (1) Elymus species were unambiguously closely related to Pseudoroegeria; (2) Pse. stipifolia might be serve as the St genome donor of polyploid Elymus species; (3) the Y genome might be originated from ancestral lineage of Pseudoroegneria (St); (4) the ITS sequences of Elymus were evolutionarily distinct and may clarify parental lineages and phylogenetic relationships in Elymus.

To figure out the process and controlling factors of gas reservoir formation in deep-waters, based on an analysis of geological features, source of natural gas and process of reservoir formation in the Liwan 3-1 gas field, physical simulation experiment of the gas reservoir formation process has been performed, consequently, pattern and features of gas reservoir formation in the Baiyun sag has been found out. The results of the experiment show that: ① the formation of the Liwan 3-1 faulted anticline gas field is closely related to the longstanding active large faults, where natural gas is composed of a high proportion of hydrocarbons, a small amount of non-hydrocarbons, and the wet gas generated during highly mature stage shows obvious vertical migration signs; ② liquid hydrocarbons associated with natural gas there are derived from source rock of the Enping & Zhuhai Formation, whereas natural gas comes mainly from source rock of the Enping Formation, and source rock of the Wenchang Formation made a little contribution during the early Eocene period as well; ③ although there was gas migration and accumulation, yet most of the natural gas mainly scattered and dispersed due to the stronger activity of faults in the early period; later as fault activity gradually weakened, gas started to accumulate into reservoirs in the Baiyun sag; ④ there is stronger vertical migration of oil and gas than lateral migration, and the places where fault links effective source rocks with reservoirs are most likely for gas accumulation; ⑤ effective temporal-spatial coupling of source-fault-reservoir in late stage is the key to gas reservoir formation in the Baiyun sag; ⑥ the nearer the distance from a trap to a large-scale fault and hydrocarbon source kitchen, the more likely gas may accumulate in the trap in late stage, therefore gas accumulation efficiency is much lower for the traps which are far away from large-scale faults and hydrocarbon source kitchens.

Modern composite armor plate is generally composed of faceplate with high hardness and backplate with good toughness. 45 steel/60Si2CrA multilayer composite casting blank with 11 layers, containing 60Si2CrA steel as faceplate and 45 steel as backplate, was fabricated by composite casting. The deformation and heat treatment process of 45steel/60Si2CrA multilayer composite plate were studied. The results show that the interfaces between faceplate and backplate have good combination and the thickness of each layer is basic uniform by reasonable deformation distribution. Yield and tensile strength of the composite plate reaches 956MPa and 1018MPa, the hardness of 45 steel layer and 60Si2CrA layer is 448HV and 536HV respectively after the heat treatment of 860℃ water quenching+ high temperature tempering. The mechanical properties meet the qualification of armor plate. The bulletproof test displays that 45 steel/60Si2CrA multilayer composite armor plate can prevent the breakthrough of DAP51B type bullet with the velocity of 500m/s.

Four full-scale SRC columns with special-shaped cross section were experimentally investigated in fire following ISO834 standard heating process and were implemented in the compression test after fire .The section temperature field after two hours of fire, deformation laws under fire and the mechanical behaviors after fire were got. Find: (1) Bond slips between concrete and steel were small which indicates that concrete and steel can work together. (2) Reasonable way with steel cross-section had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of columns. (3) The two sides of SRC special-shaped column were under fire conditions, sections were damaged. When the load was at the centre of the cross section, columns were in the state of axial compression before fire and the state of eccentric compression after fire.

The processes of solution in, and exsolution from, formation water influence the component content of natural gas by contrasting the relative contents of components before the natural gas dissolves in water and those after exsolving from water under different conditions of high temperatures and pressures. Compared with the composition of original natural gas, the relative content of methane and nitrogen increased after the natural gas dissolved in water. The increase of nitrogen content exceeds that of methane, but the content of ethane, propane, pentane etc reduced. At the same temperature and with pressure increasing the content of methane increased and that of heavier hydrocarbons reduced. At the same pressure the content of methane increased quickly from 90°C to 120°C, and the content of heavier hydrocarbons reduced. But at even higher temperatures, the increase of methane slowed down and the content of heavier hydrocarbons increased slightly. At the same temperature and different pressures, heavier hydrocarbons reduced much more with increasing carbon atom number, while with temperature increasing the content difference of heavier hydrocarbons reduced. Therefore, the influence of the solution and exsolution should be considered in the study of the migration and accumulation mechanism of natural gas.

This paper introduces the methodology and procedures of identification of overall coefficient of heat transfer (U-factor) of building envelopes using recursive least squares algorithm and dynamic heat transfer data. Application this method to three types of typical to examine the correctness and feasibility of this method. The following conclusions can be obtained: 1) Identification of U-factor of building envelopes using recursive least squares algorithm is feasible for engineering purpose, the identified U-factor can be near to its real value; 2)The testing periods can be much shorter than the steady testing; 3)The identification error is associated with the thermal inertia. The error is larger as the thermal inertia of building envelope is large within the same testing circumstances.

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLtps) have been reported to be involved in plant defense activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. In this study, we identified 135 (122 putative and 13 previously identified) Solanaceae nsLtps, which are clustered into 8 different groups. By comparing with Boutrot’s nsLtp classification, we classified these eight groups into five types (I, II, IV, IX and X). We compared Solanaceae nsLtps with Arabidopsisand Gramineae nsLtps and found that (1) Types I, II and IV are shared by Solanaceae, Gramineae and Arabidopsis; (2) Types III, V, VI and VIII are shared by Gramineae and Arabidopsisbut not detected in Solanaceae so far; (3) Type VII is only found in Gramineae whereas type IX is present only in Arabidopsisand Solanaceae; (4) Type X is a new type that accounts for 52.59% Solanaceae nsLtps in our data, and has not been reported in any other plant so far. We further built and compared the three-dimensional structures of the eight groups, and found that the major functional diversification within the nsLtp family could be predated to the monocot/dicot divergence, and many gene duplications and sequence variations had happened in the nsLtp family after the monocot/dicot divergence, especially in Solanaceae.

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLtps) have been reported to be involved in plant defense activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. In this study, we identified 135 (122 putative and 13 previously identified) Solanaceae nsLtps, which are clustered into 8 different groups. By comparing with Boutrot’s nsLtp classification, we classified these eight groups into five types (I, II, IV, IX and X). We compared Solanaceae nsLtps with Arabidopsisand Gramineae nsLtps and found that (1) Types I, II and IV are shared by Solanaceae, Gramineae and Arabidopsis; (2) Types III, V, VI and VIII are shared by Gramineae and Arabidopsisbut not detected in Solanaceae so far; (3) Type VII is only found in Gramineae whereas type IX is present only in Arabidopsisand Solanaceae; (4) Type X is a new type that accounts for 52.59% Solanaceae nsLtps in our data, and has not been reported in any other plant so far. We further built and compared the three-dimensional structures of the eight groups, and found that the major functional diversification within the nsLtp family could be predated to the monocot/dicot divergence, and many gene duplications and sequence variations had happened in the nsLtp family after the monocot/dicot divergence, especially in Solanaceae.

Based on the electro-optical property of liquid crystal (LC), an eye controlling anti-glare detector is designed in this paper. According to the transmission characteristics of SONY- LCX029 materials, the principle and working mode of anti-glare are described. The detector can get the object’s images by eye-controlling focus (ECF) module and exposure metering module. The LC can change each pixel’s transmission with the reasonably designed control circuit so that the glare is restrained. An experiment of SONY-LCX029 LCD (liquid crystal display) transmission changes with the gray level proved that the transmission of the LCD changes from 1.28% to 25.60%, reducing 2 orders of magnitude of strong light at least.

Light amplification panel (LAP) based on laser principle is put forward in this paper. The LAP is coupled between the camera and eyepiece of the night vision devices to realize image intensification. The quality of imaging in low level light is gained enhancement. After analysis on principle of LAP, its gain, detection capability, imaging performance, noise and bandwidth are calculated theoretically. Laser media arranged alternately amplifies signals of different wavelength, broadening the bandwidth and also realizing night vision color imaging by physical mode.

According to the optical-electric properties of liquid crystal, an eye controlled focus (ECF) anti-glare imaging detector is designed. Considering the existed concept of point metering controlled by the eye, a new concept of photometry, point-by-point single-pixel metering controlled by the eye, is brought forward. The method of ECF in the detector is researched. Firstly the pupil’s image is attained, and then the detector focuses with the focused function. Besides, a distinct image and a vague one are processed. The focused function values of the two images are 8.5057×103 and 7.2381×103 respectively.

The region around the Karamay-Baikouquan (Ke-Bai) overthrust belt is the richest in hydrocarbon accumulation in the Junggar Basin. Previous research has indicated that oil in the region came from the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Depression to the northeast of the region, but the oil distribution around the Mahu Depression is remarkably uneven. Large amounts of oil have been found in the Ke-Bai overthrust belt to the west of the depression and only some small oilfields have been discovered in the eastern margin of the depression. This uneven distribution revealed that the oil source of the Ke-Bai region might not be from the Mahu Depression. The oil type distribution and the oil migration pattern revealed in this paper showed that there may be another oil source under the Karamay overthrust. Based on geochemical data, the oil was classified into two types from the sterane and terpane characteristics. Type A oil was mainly distributed in the Huwan area and blocks V and VIII of the Karamay Oilfield in the southern part of the region, while type B oil was mainly distributed in the Baikouquan Oilfield in the northern part of the region. In addition, oil migration pathways and direction were determined by the values of diasterane / regular sterane and C30moretane / C30hopane ratios. It is shown that the oil of Huwan area on the hanging wall of the overthrust was mainly charged along the overthrust fault surfaces and then migrated to the west, whereas the oil in blocks V and VIII on the foot wall of the overthrust came from the Mahu Depression in the east. As a result, there may be at least two hydrocarbon source kitchens in the study area. The hydrocarbons in the blocks V and VIII on the footwall of the overthrust belt and in the Baikouquan Oilfield mainly came from the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Depression, and the hydrocarbons in the Huwan area on the hanging wall of the overthrust belt may come from another hydrocarbon source kitchen below the overthrust. This recognition indicates that there is substantial exploration potential in the deep Carboniferous strata on the hanging wall of the overthrust belt.

Inclusion complexes between b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and a series of dicarboxylic acids (DAn, n = 11-15) were prepared by co-grinding and co-precipitation methods and the [3]pseudorotaxane structure of them was elucidated by FTIR, DTA and XRD characterizations. Inclusion complexes of b-CD and a, o-alkanedicarboxylate anions (DAn2[?]) were acquired by neutralizing b-CD/DAn different inclusion complexes with sodium hydroxide and the structure was also proved to be a pseudorotaxane structure by 1H-NMR spectra and NOESY spectrum. Both the inclusion complexes of b-CD/DAn and b-CD/DAn2[?] adopt the [3]pseudorotaxane structure with b-CD arranged in dimers threaded onto one aliphatic chain and the binding mode of 1:1 inclusion complex was excluded based on the consideration of chain conformations.

World Wide Web (WWW) is a vast repository of information, including a great deal of geographic information. But the location and retrieval of geographic information will require a significant amount of time and effort. In addition, different users usually have different views and interests in the same information. To resolve such problems, this paper first proposed a model of geographic information gathering based on multi-Agent (MA) architecture. Then based on this model, we construct a prototype system with GML (Geography Markup Language). This system consists of three tiers-Client, Web Server and Data Resource. Finally, we expatiate on the process of Web Server.