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Adsorptive separations by nanoporous materials are major industrial processes. The industrial importance of solid adsorbents is only expected to grow due to the increased focus on carbon dioxide capture technology and energy-efficient separations. To evaluate the performance of an adsorbent and design a separation process, the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics must be known. However, although diffusion kinetics determine the maximum production rate in any adsorption-based separation, this aspect has received less attention due to the challenges associated with conducting diffusion measurements. These challenges are exacerbated in the study of shaped adsorbents due to the presence of porosity at different length scales. As a result, adsorbent selection typically relies mainly on adsorption properties at equilibrium, i.e., uptake capacity, selectivity and adsorption enthalpy. In this Perspective, based on an extensive literature review on mass transfer of CO2in nanoporous adsorbents, we discuss the importance and limitations of measuring diffusion in nanoporous materials, from the powder form to the adsorption bed, considering the nature of the process, i.e., equilibrium-based or kinetic-based separations. By highlighting the lack of and discrepancies between published diffusivity data in the context of CO2capture, we discuss future challenges and opportunities in studying mass transfer across scales in adsorption-based separations.

At the intersection of the “digitalization” and the “climatization” of the agricultural sector grows a promise of the “decarbonization” of agriculture by “start-ups.” Based on a qualitative study (40 interviews, 9 days of observation, documentary analysis), this article is a contribution to the political sociology of this promise of ecologization by reconstructing its meaning (what does it signify?) and its implementation (what practices is it referring to?). The study analyzes the bases of a narrative allying the political agendas of agricultural leadership and the executive branch of the French state. The focus on soil CO2sequestration and the politicization of innovative “start-ups” converge on the promotion of economic solutions to global warming. The authors found the “start-ups” working on this “decarbonization” were quite diverse, but could be sorted into three types: innovative businesses seeking rapid growth, consultancy firms offering expertise without aims of growth, and administrative intermediaries. The latter, the most numerous and the least innovative, are invested in voluntary carbon markets, most commonly the “low-carbon label,” a public framework overseen by the Ministry of Ecological Transition. The promise of the decarbonization of agriculture through start-ups thus falls short, as the study documents an optional and partial greening of agriculture that is overseen by the state, implemented by private administrative service providers, and funded by businesses wishing to improve their carbon footprint.

Participants (n= 520) in a study of two on-campus peer-led sexual assault prevention programs focused on bystander intervention and risk reduction were assessed. This study focused on myth reduction, as well as self-defense self-efficacy. Demographics allowed for within-group comparisons along gender and race. Among men who attended Bro Code, Black men had significantly lower sexual assault myth adherence on many rape myths than the control group, not true of white men. Those women who attended Girls Night Out (GNO) had significantly lower sexual assault myth adherence than the control group. While greater reductions in myth adherence were seen in white women than among Black women, Black women had significantly lower overall sexual assault myth adherence (in both control and sample). As a side note, we found that women who attended GNO had lower general intimate partner violence myth acceptance in addition to lower sexual assault myth acceptance, with some variation on individual myths. Finally, those women who attended self-defense training were significantly more likely to endorse self-defense self-efficacy. Results were then explored through the lens of cultural, gender, intersectional, and community-based contexts. Future research needs and implications are discussed.

Background: There are currently no recommendations on the therapeutic management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients at the end of life.Objective: To describe a cohort of patients with PD who benefited from continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) initiation at the end of their life as comfort care.Methods: This real-life cohort includes 14 PD patients, who benefited from 24-h, low-dose CSAI (0.5–3?mg/h) in the context of terminal care. Patient’s comfort (pain, rigidity, and/or ability to communicate) and occurrence of CSAI-related side-effects (nausea/vomiting, cutaneous and behavioral manifestations) were evaluated based on medical records.Results: All patients (age 62–94 years, disease duration 2–32 years) presented with late-stage PD and a compromised oral route. Treatment lasted from a few hours to 39 days. CSAI led to substantial functional improvement, with a good safety profile. Overall clinical comfort was deemed improved by the medical team, the patient, and/or caregivers.Conclusions: CSAI might be a promising approach in PD terminal care, as it reduces motor symptoms and overall discomfort, with an apparent good safety profile. Use of the apomorphine pen, sublingual film or a classic syringe pump might be considered when apomorphine pumps are not available. Larger observational cohorts and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy and tolerability of apomorphine in the context of terminal care and more broadly, in an advance care planning perspective.

There are currently no recommendations on the therapeutic management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients at the end of life. To describe a cohort of patients with PD who benefited from continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) initiation at the end of their life as comfort care. This real-life cohort includes 14 PD patients, who benefited from 24-h, low-dose CSAI (0.5–3 mg/h) in the context of terminal care. Patient’s comfort (pain, rigidity, and/or ability to communicate) and occurrence of CSAI-related side-effects (nausea/vomiting, cutaneous and behavioral manifestations) were evaluated based on medical records. All patients (age 62–94 years, disease duration 2–32 years) presented with late-stage PD and a compromised oral route. Treatment lasted from a few hours to 39 days. CSAI led to substantial functional improvement, with a good safety profile. Overall clinical comfort was deemed improved by the medical team, the patient, and/or caregivers. CSAI might be a promising approach in PD terminal care, as it reduces motor symptoms and overall discomfort, with an apparent good safety profile. Use of the apomorphine pen, sublingual film or a classic syringe pump might be considered when apomorphine pumps are not available. Larger observational cohorts and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy and tolerability of apomorphine in the context of terminal care and more broadly, in an advance care planning perspective.

El diagnóstico de anemia se establece habitualmente con un valor de hemoglobina fetal inferior a 0,84 MoM, es decir, 8,9 g/dl a las 18 semanas de amenorrea (SA) y 11,6 g/dl a las 40 SA. Las dos causas principales de anemia fetal son las aloinmunizaciones maternofetales eritrocíticas (regenerativas) y la infección por parvovirus B19 (arregenerativa). La inmunización dirigida contra el antígeno RH1 es la más frecuente, con alrededor de 1 caso por cada 1.000 nacimientos en Francia, por ejemplo, el 25% de los cuales presenta manifestaciones prenatales. Las demás aloinmunizaciones antieritrocíticas más corrientes son las anti-RH 3, las anti-RH 4 y las anti-Kell 1. La infección por parvovirus B19 es la causa más frecuente de anemia fetal arregenerativa de origen infeccioso. Entre las causas menos frecuentes de anemia fetal arregenerativa, se incluyen la infección congénita por citomegalovirus, la sífilis congénita, ciertas hemoglobinopatías y talasemias (síndrome de Bart), la anemia de Blackfan-Diamond, la anemia de Fanconi o las diseritropoyesis congénitas. La ecografía fetal es actualmente el método de diagnóstico y vigilancia más apropiado, gracias a una correlación demostrada entre la concentración de hemoglobina y la velocidad de eyección del flujo sistólico en la arteria cerebral media. El umbral de 1,5 MoM se utiliza para considerar una velocidad anormalmente alta para el término, permitiendo el diagnóstico de anemia grave con una sensibilidad del 100%. La transfusión fetal in utero es el tratamiento de referencia antes de las 34 SA.

Vitrea luberonensis n. sp. is described from south-eastern France. Shell attributes suggest that the new species is closely related to V. pygmaea, V. etrusca, and V. inae, in a “V. etrusca complex” which is characterised by very small size (the smallest of all Vitrea species) and a very wide umbilicus. Holocene subfossil shells were found in Manosque and Aix-en-Provence, in alluvial deposits between 7400 and 4200 BP. The species has not yet been found alive or in modern sediments. Associated malacofauna suggest a mosaic of riparian and open woodland habitats.

ABSTRACTAs many disciplines are beginning to reckon with their contributions to historical injustices, so conservation must acknowledge and reflect on the number of its practices that continue to reinforce colonial and imperial legacies. Though such work is currently taking place in ethnographic museums, rethinking conservation and repairing its harms should be the aim of the entire museum community. Using case studies drawn from performance art, this paper demonstrates how performance challenges traditional paradigms of institutional collecting and conservation, and calls for a rethinking of certain museum procedures. It proposes the emerging scholarship on performance art conservation as a potential force for an expanded definition of conservation that puts people at its center. To this end, it presents performance as not only a conservation object to be cared for, but also a tool to care with, reframing the aim of conservation as preserving the vitality of relationships between objects and communities.

La kisspeptine, codée par le gène KISS1, est un neuropeptide hypothalamique contrôlant la sécrétion de GnRH chez tous les mammifères. À présent, seule une mutation faux-sens biallélique de KISS1, associée à un hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope congénital (HHC) profond sans anosmie, a été décrite.

Neurodevelopmental disorders are frequent but underestimated in adult populations, even though the cognitive profile of those affected remains atypical throughout adulthood and the disorders can cause significant impairment in activities of daily living. Retrospective diagnosis in this population is challenging. In this article, the GREDEV (working group for the assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders in adults) proposes a brief screening questionnaire for patients with suspected neurodevelopmental disorders, a checklist to facilitate taking the patient history, a list of self-administered questionnaires, and the different key steps of diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders in adults.

What can we, as sociologists, do with radical political criticism? The publication of the book Reprendre la terre aux machines(Reclaiming the land from the machines) by the cooperative L’Atelier Paysan (2021) offers a particular answer to this age-old question. The starting point of this “manifesto for peasant and food autonomy” is the authors’ dissatisfaction with the results of their own efforts. The aim of this paper is then to address the following question: are hedgerows, and with them all those who defend their greater consideration in agricultural policies, the “useful idiots” of the dominant agricultural model? The discussion is therefore organised in two stages. Firstly, it presents the arguments showing that hedgerows can support consensual ecologisation that marginalises a more profound transformation of the agricultural economy. Secondly, however, it then explores the limitations of this position by arguing that if greening via hedgerows is indeed marginal, it is not reduced to being a useful idiot but participates in ecologisation from the margins. The main lesson of this paper is to highlight the benefits for sociology to take seriously the political analyses of stakeholders, not only as objects of study but also as sparks to inspire the sociological imagination.

Plerixafor, a CXCR4 receptor antagonist, reduces the binding and chemotaxis of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow stroma, resulting in predictable peak of cluster of differentiation 34+(CD34+) cells in the peripheral blood (PB) approximately 10 h after its administration. We developed a model that could predict the CD34+harvest volume on the first day of apheresis (AP-CD34+) based on PB-CD34+counts immediately prior to commencing apheresis in pediatric population. In all, data from 45 pediatric patients from the MOZAIC study who received either granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or G-CSF plus plerixafor were included. The modeling of the data exhibited a strong and highly predictive linear relationship between the counts of PB-CD34+cells on the first day of apheresis and AP-CD34+cells collected on the same day. It is predicted that there are approximately 13 new collected CD34+cells for 100 new circulating CD34+cells before apheresis. Our predictive algorithm can be used to quantify the minimal count of PB-CD34+cells that enables to collect at least 2 × 106or 5 × 106AP-CD34+cells/kg with sufficient assurance (probability = 0.90) and can guide the use of plerixafor in patients at higher perceived risk for mobilization failure. Trial registration of MOZAIC study: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01288573; EudraCT, 2010-019340-40.

Accurate device navigation and control are significant challenges in various minimally invasive cardiovascular interventions. The long length of the devices used (e.g., catheters and guidewires), their high flexibility, and their engagement with the tortuous anatomy limit the accurate and reliable control and navigation of the device's tip. This article aims to design, develop, and assess a novel alternative solution that promises to overcome the major limitations of conventional devices. By utilizing an expandable cable-driven mechanism and a corresponding 3-D cam surface for cable length adjustment, we propose a fully manually operated system that can be navigated through the tortuous anatomy and then teleoperated to allow for accurate, reliable, and localized position control and tracking of the device. In this article, the methods of design, development, and verifications of this system are presented. The system's performance is assessed under different path tortuosity conditions and different opening diameters of the expandable frame. Our results indicate that the proposed system provides complete teleoperation of the device within the full reachable workspace of the mechanism and allows for positioning and tracking of the device with submillimeter accuracy irrespective of the tortuosity of the path and expansion size of the frame. Ex-vivo phantom model experiments also show the device significantly outperforms conventional devices in terms of navigation time and success rate. The CathPilot allows for direct manipulation, accurate positioning, and tracking of the device tip relative to the anatomy, promising to overcome some of the major limitations of conventional interventional devices.

The mobility of 79Se, a fission product of 235U and long-lived radioisotope, is an important parameter in the safety assessment of radioactive nuclear waste disposal systems. Nonradioactive selenium is also an important contaminant of drainage waters from black shale mountains and coal mines. Highly mobile and soluble in its high oxidation states, selenate (Se(VI)O42–) and selenite (Se(IV)O32–) oxyanions can interact with magnetite, a mineral present in anoxic natural environments and in steel corrosion products, thereby being reduced and consequently immobilized by forming low-solubility solids. Here, we investigated the sorption and reduction capacity of synthetic nanomagnetite toward Se(VI) at neutral and acidic pH, under reducing, oxygen-free conditions. The additional presence of Fe(II)aq, released during magnetite dissolution at pH 5, has an effect on the reduction kinetics. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses revealed that, at pH 5, trigonal gray Se(0) formed and that sorbed Se(IV) complexes remained on the nanoparticle surface during longer reaction times. The Se(0) nanowires grew during the reaction, which points to a complex transport mechanism of reduced species or to active reduction sites at the tip of the Se(0) nanowires. The concomitant uptake of aqueous Fe(II) and Se(VI) ions is interpreted as a consequence of small pH oscillations that result from the Se(VI) reduction, leading to a re-adsorption of aqueous Fe(II) onto the magnetite, renewing its reducing capacity. This effect is not observed at pH 7, where we observed only the formation of Se(0) with slow kinetics due to the formation of an oxidized maghemite layer. This indicates that the presence of aqueous Fe(II) may be an important factor to be considered when examining the environmental reactivity of magnetite.

AbstractThe trend toward working from home is concomitant with the digitalisation of the workplace and was further boosted by the recent pandemic. This development raises numerous questions regarding the advancement of sustainable urban development, in particular, with regard to recent efforts in urban planning toward inward urban development. In light of the above, the article examines the question of how mobile forms of work can be contextualised within the framework of sustainable urban development. To achieve this, we review research regarding working from home and coworking spaces and discuss how the flexibilisation of the place of work could affect different residential patterns and which questions could be derived from them for spatial planning and residential development. This is achieved by reviewing recent figures as well as social science and spatial planning literature on the topic of new mobile forms of work and their spatial effects.English title: Making the workplace more flexible. New challenges for sustainable residential and spatial development

Purpose: Immunotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). Yet, there is a lack of biomarkers to predict whether a patient will benefit from immunotherapy. Our aim was to create radiomics models on pretreatment computed tomography (CT) to predict overall survival (OS) and treatment response in patients with MM treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Methods: We performed a monocentric retrospective analysis of 503 metastatic lesions in 71 patients with 46 radiomics features extracted following lesion segmentation. Predictive accuracies for OS < 1 year versus > 1 year and treatment response versus no response was compared for five feature selection methods (sequential forward selection, recursive, Boruta, relief, random forest) and four classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), random forest, K-nearest neighbor, logistic regression (LR)) used with or without SMOTE data augmentation. A fivefold cross-validation was performed at the patient level, with a tumour-based classification. Results: The highest accuracy level for OS predictions was obtained with 3D lesions (0.91) without clinical data integration when combining Boruta feature selection and the LR classifier, The highest accuracy for treatment response prediction was obtained with 3D lesions (0.88) without clinical data integration when combining Boruta feature selection, the LR classifier and SMOTE data augmentation. The accuracy was significantly higher concerning OS prediction with 3D segmentation (0.91 vs 0.86) while clinical data integration led to improved accuracy notably in 2D lesions (0.76 vs 0.87) regarding treatment response prediction. Skewness was the only feature found to be an independent predictor of OS (HR (CI 95%) 1.34, p-value 0.001). Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate CT texture parameter selection and classification methods for predicting MM prognosis with treatment by immunotherapy. Combining pretreatment CT radiomics features from a single tumor with data selection and classifiers may accurately predict OS and treatment response in MM treated with anti-PD-1.

Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is a disordered, nanocrystalline material that acts as a primary binding phase in Portland cement. Thin films of water are present on the surfaces and in nanopores of C-S-H, impacting many of its chemical and mechanical properties, such as ion transport, creep, or thermal behavior. Despite decades of research, a full understanding of the structural details of adsorbed, confined, and bulk water in C-S-H remains elusive. In this work, we applied a multitechnique study involving molecular dynamics (MD) simulations validated by neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS) and X-ray scattering methods to investigate the structure of water in C-S-H and C-A-S-H (an Al-bearing, low-CO2C-S-H substitute). Direct comparison of NDIS data with the MD results reveals that the structure of confined and interfacial water differs significantly from the bulk water and exhibits a larger degree of mesoscale ordering for more hydrated C-S-H structures. This observation suggests an important role of water as a stabilizer of the atomistic-level structure of C-S-H.

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The complex pathophysiology of sepsis is associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory response, a pro-coagulant state, endothelial dysfunction and tissue hypoxia. These mechanisms lead to progressive multi organ failure. Although this is a systemic process, the pathophysiological of sepsis differs from organ to organ, and from organ to peripheral blood. Our hypothesis to explain this compartmentalization of responses is a distinct population of resident tissue macrophages, as well as a distinct migration of monocytes in target organ. Indeed, the macrophages and monocytes can start the clinical syndrome of sepsis via transcription of genes involved in inflammation. Moreover, macrophages can induce endothelial injury by release reactive oxygen species. Also hypoxia decreases expression of M1 polarization markers and increases the M2 marker. Identification of biomarkers related to specific organs (beyond the blood) will improve the understanding specific organ failure. In this way, the aim of this study was compared to the systemic inflammatory response with the lung and the liver, two organs most affected during sepsis as well as understanding the role of macrophages in this compartmentalization. For this, a murine polymicrobial sepsis model induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used.

Understanding the role played by moisture in CO2sorption is key for designing the next generation of solid sorbents such as metal–organic frameworks, which can be used for carbon capture and conversion as well as for molecular sieving, energy storage, etc. The abundance of water in nature and industrial processes, including in anthropogenic sources of CO2has been shown to significantly affect commercial adsorbent performances, including their uptake capacity and selectivity. However, less is known about the role of humidity on CO2diffusion, even though it is crucial for economically viable rapid capture processes. In this work, we have used atomistic simulations and experiments to gain insight into the effect of humidity on CO2adsorption, diffusion and transport properties in UiO-66(Zr), here described as a flexible structure. We show that depending on the water concentration adsorbed in the host nanoporosity, the CO2adsorption can be enhanced or reduced depending on thermodynamic conditions. At low water loading, isolated molecules interact with low-energy sites of the sorbent. At higher loading, nucleation drives water cluster formation, followed by cluster percolation resulting in a sub-nanoporous adsorbing media decreasing the overall CO2diffusion compared to the dry structures. We finally show that equilibrium parameters such as self-diffusion coefficients and isotherms can be used to describe the CO2transport in dry and humid structures through the nano-Darcy equation.

ABSTRACTIn many tree species, trunk forking plays a major role in crown construction, and stands out as an indicator of the architectural transition between juvenile and adult trees. We aimed to evaluate the effects of trunk forking on height and diameter growth of Nothofagus pumiliotrees in an even-aged monospecific stand in northern Patagonia, Argentina. We used cataphyll scars and ring-width measurements to compared yearly increments in mean trunk length and diameter of trees with forked and unforked trunks. After approximately 50 years of growth, trees with a forked trunk had reached larger radial growth than unforked trees, but there was no difference in height between the two groups. The larger trunk volume of forked trees suggests that they may have a competitive advantage over unforked trees; trunk forking could therefore, influence dominance/suppression relationships. Our results suggest that morphogenetic processes associated with trunk forking influence the establishment of size hierarchies in dense stands of Nothofagus pumilio.

Les douleurs abdominales aiguës sont fréquentes lors de la grossesse et résultent de multiples étiologies. Devant un examen clinique souvent difficile, l’imagerie a une place importante dans la démarche diagnostique. Cependant, le choix de la modalité d’exploration, échographie, scanner, IRM, est rendu délicat du fait de la grossesse. L’évaluation du rapport bénéfice/risque de chaque examen apparaît essentielle en particulier en raison de l’irradiation fœtale. L’objectif de cette mise au point est de décrire les modalités d’exploration des étiologies les plus fréquentes de douleurs abdominales aiguës chez la femme enceinte, en dehors de la pathologie obstétricale, ainsi que certaines pathologies plus rares à ne pas méconnaître dans ce contexte.