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At present, the need to make use of industrial waste materials is increasing due to their harmful effects on the environment. In the present work, the behavior of hybrid reinforced T-Beam by steel, and CFRP with rubber is studied. The finite element modeling by using ANSYS version 15 program. It contains also all the required steps needed to create the concrete models that were prepared to study the behavior of beams with rubber concrete. The reinforcement of beams was various combinations of polymer CFRP and steel bars. The crumb rubberized concrete mixes were prepared by partial substitution (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 17.5 %, 20 %, 22.5 %, and 25 % replacements by volume). Due to the large number of parameters affecting the behavior of Hybrid Reinforced T- Beam with rubber concrete, an extensive parametric study was performed using ANSYS version 15 program. Three parameters were investigated namely: Bottom RFT, compressive strength of concrete, and the existence of opening. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results in terms of mode of failure and the failure load values. The results indicated that although the flexural capacity of the tested specimen decreased with the addition of Crumb Rubber and reduced its self-weight. The failure load of the beam increases with bottom reinforcement by the GFRP bar or CFRP bar. Also, reinforced beams by CFRP bars had a higher failure load than reinforced beams by GFRP bars. Having an opening in hybrid reinforced T-Beam with rubber concrete reduced the beam load capacity and maximum deflection. Also, using GFRP bars, and CFRP bars in the vicinity of openings in hybrid reinforced T-Beams increased the load capacity of these beams.

At present, the need to make use of industrial waste materials is increasing due to their harmful effects on the environment. In the present work, the behavior of hybrid reinforced T-Beam with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete is studied. The finite element modeling by using ANSYS version 15 program. It contains also all the required steps needed to create the concrete models that were prepared to study the behavior of beams with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete (RRC). The reinforcement of beams was various combinations of polymer GFRP and steel bars. The Rubberized concrete mixes were prepared by partial substitution 7.5 %, 10 %, and 12.5 % replacements by volume. The ratio of GFRP to steel reinforcement at mid‐span section was the second parameter investigated. Due to the large number of parameters affecting the behavior of Hybrid Reinforced T- Beam with partial substitution Recycled Rubberized Concrete, an extensive parametric study was performed using ANSYS version 15 program. Three parameters were investigated namely; Bottom RFT, compressive strength of concrete, and the existence of opening. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results in terms of mode of failure and the failure load values. The results indicated that although the flexural capacity of the tested specimen decreased with the addition of Crumb Rubber and reduced its self-weight. The failure load of the beam with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete increases with bottom reinforcement by the GFRP bar or CFRP bar. Also, reinforced beams by CFRP bars had a higher failure load than reinforced beams by GFRP bars. Having an opening in hybrid reinforced T-Beam with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete reduced the beam load capacity and maximum deflection. Also, using GFRP bars, and CFRP bars in the vicinity of openings in hybrid reinforced T-Beams increased the load capacity of these beams.

AbstractJordanian phosphate mine wastes (PMW) at Ruseifa City was fully characterized and tested for its PO4removal capacity by batch experiments using prepared phosphate solutions and domestic wastewater. PMW particles are positively charged with median particle size of 0.625 μm. Mineralogical and chemical analyses of PMW showed that it is mainly composed of calcite, fluorapatite, and quartz with high concentrations of calcium and phosphorous. The phosphate concentrations in PMW range from 11 to 24% expressed as P2O5. PMW as a sorbent has a very high PO4removal efficiency from wastewater and prepared solutions. PO4solutions with concentrations ranging from 5 to 5,000 mg L−1were prepared and utilized in batch experiments in the presence of PMW as a sorbent. The concentration of PO4in the solution phase and pH were the main parameters influencing the PMW sorption capacity of PO4. The PO4removal efficiency from prepared solutions was up to 99%. Moreover, Langmuir sorption model was able to describe the observed data for PO4sorption by PMW. The sorption data at PO4concentrations >50 mg L−1were highly fitted to Langmuir model. The estimated sorption maximum capacity (bmax) of PMW was 46,620 mg kg−1. On the other hand, domestic wastewater samples obtained from six Jordanian wastewater treatment plants were subjected to PO4removal by PMW, and the results showed that the PO4removal efficiency exceeded 97%. The adverse environmental impacts and human health risks associated with PMW presence are briefly discussed.

Jordanian phosphate mine wastes (PMW) at Ruseifa City was fully characterized and tested for its PO4removal capacity by batch experiments using prepared phosphate solutions and domestic wastewater. PMW particles are positively charged with median particle size of 0.625 μm. Mineralogical and chemical analyses of PMW showed that it is mainly composed of calcite, fluorapatite, and quartz with high concentrations of calcium and phosphorous. The phosphate concentrations in PMW range from 11 to 24% expressed as P2O5. PMW as a sorbent has a very high PO4removal efficiency from wastewater and prepared solutions. PO4solutions with concentrations ranging from 5 to 5,000 mg L−1were prepared and utilized in batch experiments in the presence of PMW as a sorbent. The concentration of PO4in the solution phase and pH were the main parameters influencing the PMW sorption capacity of PO4. The PO4removal efficiency from prepared solutions was up to 99%. Moreover, Langmuir sorption model was able to describe the observed data for PO4sorption by PMW. The sorption data at PO4concentrations >50 mg L−1were highly fitted to Langmuir model. The estimated sorption maximum capacity (bmax) of PMW was 46,620 mg kg−1. On the other hand, domestic wastewater samples obtained from six Jordanian wastewater treatment plants were subjected to PO4removal by PMW, and the results showed that the PO4removal efficiency exceeded 97%. The adverse environmental impacts and human health risks associated with PMW presence are briefly discussed.

The environmental aspects of sustainable development in the construction industry consist of the utilization of secondary raw materials and materials which can be recycled in the design and construction of new structures. The preliminary and inevitable interest in the use of full or partial replacements of by-products as complementary pozzolanic materials was mostly induced by the enforcement of the reduction/elimination of the greenhouse gas emission from the production of Portland cement. With the significant evolution of geopolymer concrete as an alternative for Portland cement in the past decade, it is necessary to explore possible construction applications in which geopolymer concrete can be utilized. Hence, this review paper was carried out to explore various elements such as the precursors used in geopolymers concrete and their corresponding applications. The environmental impacts of various geopolymer concrete are also discussed. This paper also presents an overview of the real applications of geopolymer concrete for the construction of various infrastructures. Recommendations and prospects for geopolymer concrete are also provided.

Many human autoimmune diseases, including those of the thyroid gland, are affected by immune changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. To investigate this influence, we have developed an animal model of pregnancy thyroiditis by using thyroglobulin (Tg)-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). We now report a study of the postpartum period in mice with EAT. At 5 weeks postpartum, which was 9 weeks after the completion of a Tg immunization regime, the mean thyroiditis grade was significantly increased in the postpartum group from 0.23 to 0.43 (p<0.05) and the thyroiditis Index, which reflected both the frequency and severity of thyroiditis, was similarly increased compared to controls (29.0 vs 9.0). When Tg immunized CBA/J (H-2k) female mice were mated with BALB/c (H-2) males, there was a similar increase in the severity of thyroiditis in the postpartum period as seen with CBA/J males suggesting that allogeneic factors were not able to further this postpartum exacerbation. Spleen cell IL-4 secretion was enhanced in the postpartum but only in the presence of thyroiditis indicating enhanced activity of Th2 immune responses. There were no differences in IFN-y secretion, titers of anti-Tg, CD8+ & CD4+ T cells and T cell chemokine receptor (CCR5, CCR3) expression between non-pregnant control mice with thyroiditis and postpartum thyroiditis.In summary, we found that the severity of EAT during the postpartum was significantly greater than in non-pregnant control mice and was associated with enhanced Th2 immune responses. The allogenicity of the pregnancy had no influence on these findings. The lack of allogenic impact was in contrast to earlier observations in pregnancy itself where an exacerbation of thyroiditis was male strain-dependent and involved primarily Th1 responses. This indicated that the postpartum exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid disease was not a simple response to fetal antigens but secondary to unique postpartum factors.

LY426965 [(2S)-(+)-1-cyclohexyl-4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]2-methyl- 2-phenyl-1-butanone monohydrochloride] is a novel compound with high affinity for the cloned human 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)(1A) receptor (K(i) = 4.66 nM) and 20-fold or greater selectivity over other serotonin and nonserotonin receptor subtypes. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that LY426965 is a full antagonist and has no partial agonist properties. LY426965 did not stimulate [(35)S]guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio) triphosphate (GTPgammaS) binding to homogenates of cells expressing the cloned human 5-HT(1A) receptor in vitro but did inhibit 300 nM 5-HT-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding with a K(i) value of 3.07 nM. After both p.o. and s.c. administration, LY426965 blocked the lower lip retraction, flat body posture, hypothermia, and increase in rat serum corticosterone induced by the 5-HT(1A) agonist 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin). In pigeons, LY426965 dose-dependently blocked the stimulus cue induced by 8-OH-DPAT but had no 8-OH-DPAT-like discriminative properties. LY426965 completely reversed the effects of nicotine withdrawal on the auditory startle reflex in rats. In microdialysis experiments, LY426965 administered together with fluoxetine significantly increased extracellular levels of serotonin above those achievable with fluoxetine alone. In electrophysiological studies, the administration of LY426965 produced a slight elevation of the firing rate of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of anesthetized rats and both blocked and reversed the effects of fluoxetine on 5-HT neuronal activity. These preclinical results indicate that LY426965 is a selective, full 5-HT(1A) antagonist that may have clinical use as pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and depression and related disorders.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one of natural biopolymers which can be derivatized to make functionalized materials. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a candidate derivative for such a direction. The aim of the present study is to investigate the usability of microwave energy to transform BC into CMC. The results showed that CMC was produced in a yellowish white powder by a short irradiation for 30 s at 650 W. The best combination of monochloroacetic acid and BC as anhydrogucose unit was found at the molar ratio of 1:5. The obtained CMC is soluble in distilled water, and aqueous NaOH solution. The highest degree of substitution, viscosity, and molecular weight of the CMC are 0.263, 15.61 Pa*s and 197,187, respectively. This study showed the usefulness of the microwave-assisted reaction to transform BC rapidly into water-soluble ionized derivative.

This project presents investigations into the development of hybrid input-shaping and PID control schemes for active sway control of a gantry crane system. The application of positive input shaping involves a technique that can reduce the sway by creating a common signal that cancels its own vibration and used as a feed-forward control which is for controlling the sway angle of the pendulum, while the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is used as a feedback control which is for controlling the crane position. The PID controller was tuned using Ziegler-Nichols method to get the best performance of the system. The hybrid input-shaping and PID control schemes guarantee a fast input tracking capability, precise payload positioning and very minimal sway motion. The modeling of gantry crane is used to simulate the system using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The results of the response with the controllers are presented in time domains and frequency domains. The performances of control schemes are examined in terms of level of input tracking capability, sway angle reduction and time response specification.