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Abstract: Grape diversity present in Morocco and the part of this diversity used nowadays are poorly documented. In order to choose diversified genotypes, to select them so that their agronomic interest will be tested, a group of 21 autochthonous cultivars preserved in the germplasm collections of SODEA and 18 Moroccan cultivars from “Domaine de Vassal” INRA grape collection was compared to a group of cultivars from neighbouring countries (Algeria and Tunisia), and from a core collection optimizing simple sequence repeat (SSR) allelic diversity of grape. Data from 20 nuclear and 3 chloroplastic SSR markers were obtained for this set of 211 cultivars. A total of 156 alleles (mean of 7.8 alleles per locus) were detected for the nSSRs and 7 alleles for the cpSSR in the Moroccan group. Chlorotype diversity in Moroccan and Algerian group were similar, but slightly lower than in the Tunisian group and the core collection. Similarly, the nSSR diversity was high in the core collection and low in the Moroccan and the Algerian groups compared to the two other groups. Clustering of cultivars based on nSSR data reflected their geographical origin and, to a certain extent, the use of the cultivars. The specificity of the Moroccan plant material was attested by the Bayesian analysis using Structure, while differences of the core collection were clearly revealed both by the Bayesian and a multivariate analysis. These results confirm the differentiation of the material from Maghreb and more specifically of Moroccan material, having evolved independently from Europe.

222 cultivated (Vitis vinifera) and 22 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grape accessions were analysed for genetic diversity and differentiation at eight microsatellite loci. A total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions. Multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters, supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. French cultivars appeared to be distinct and showed close affinity to the wild progenitor, ssp. sylvestris from south-western France (Pyrenees) and Tunisia, probably reflecting the origin and domestication history of many of the old wine cultivars from France. There was appreciable level of differentiation between table and wine grape cultivars, and the Muscat types were somewhat distinct within the wine grapes. Contingency χ2 analysis indicated significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among groups at all loci. The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0·625 to 0·9 with an overall average of 0·771. Genetic relationships among groups suggested hierarchical differentiation within cultivated grape. The gene diversity analysis indicated narrow divergence among groups and that most variation was found within groups (~85%). Partitioning of diversity suggested that the remaining variation is somewhat structured hierarchically at different levels of differentiation. The overall organization of genetic diversity suggests that the germplasm of cultivated grape represents a single complex gene pool and that its structure is determined by strong artificial selection and a vegetative mode of reproduction.

The article focuses on the origin of Fiano vines in Australia. It states that DNA fingerprinting was used to compare clone varieties of Fiano Australia from the Fiano in Avellino, Italy. It mentions that the samples from Australia match the traits found in the French database, concluding that the Fiano in the country comes from Campania Region in Italy.

Vitis viniferaest la seule espèce endémique de vigne en Europe. Le compartiment sauvage Vitis viniferasubspecies silvestrisa subi une forte érosion et seuls quelques peuplements subsistent encore actuellement. Afin de mieux connaître les relations entre les compartiments sauvage et cultivé, nous avons engagé une étude de la diversité de populations naturelles. Une population de vignes sauvages du Pic Saint-Loup (Hérault) a ainsi été caractérisée. La cartographie de cette population constituée d’une quinzaine d’individus ainsi que quelques caractéristiques biologiques sont présentées. Le caractère dïoique de la plupart des accessions a été confirmé avec une présence importante de pieds mâles (58 %). La diversité des individus est discutée et comparée à l’aide de différentes approches: étude morphométrique des feuilles (ampélométrie), polymorphisme moléculaire à l’aide de dix locus microsatellites, degré de tolérance à l’oïdium (Uncinula necator) et au phylloxera. Dans le cas des marqueurs moléculaires, les données sont comparées aux résultats obtenus sur un échantillon incluant les principaux cépages cultivés et autochtones présents dans la région. L’analyse en composantes principales réalisée à partir de ces données fait apparaître une séparation très nette des individus sauvages par rapport aux individus cultivés.

The article focuses on the need for the Australian wine industry to consider the interest of its customers. It states that the promotion of grape varieties could be an excellent option as these have the potential to appeal customers. However, it claims that the success or failure of varieties will depend upon the results of consumers' comparison and experience.