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The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the effects of changes in quality of economic, legal and political institutions on income inequality in the advanced countries over the last two decades. Using the robust panel model on a sample of 21 OECD countries, it is found that the impact of elitization of society is more pronounced than the impact of unionization on income redistribution, but both effects are less expressed in comparison to the influence of institutional changes on redistribution. In a globalized economy, insufficient redistribution and high inequality might be interpreted as the consequence of institutional inertia to disruptive technological and business changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomski Vjesnik is the property of Ekonomski Vjesnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers the authors' views on the South-South trade in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. They mention a hypothesis from economist Andrew Lewis on commercial exchange and its role as a global economic growth engine powered by industrial expansion in developed nations. They note its depiction of an intra-regional phenomenon and expansion through production sharing schemes. An overview of the contribution of developing countries to the gross domestic product (GDP) worldwide is also presented.

Nowadays, income inequality is one of the most controversial topics among the economists. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the factors that generate the wage gaps inside a country, with a particular focus on the developed economies, and to identify the trends of income inequalities in these states during the last three decades. Our results show that, starting with the end of the XXth century, the wage inequality became an important issue for countries, especially for the United States, which had the largest income gaps from all the other developed economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economía Aplicada is the property of Revista de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an overview of the so-called "Varieties of Capitalism" (VoC) theory of comparative political economy. The author seeks to situate this school of thought within the broader context of the historiography of capitalism. Among other subjects, he considers the original concept of comparative studies of capitalism developed by economists Peter Hall and David Soskice in 2001, the critique of the model as too focused on the developed world, and the complementary concept of a hierarchical market economy proposed by economist Ben Ross Schneider with a view on Latin America.

The article focuses on the importance of cultural intelligence in counterinsurgency operations. Topics discussed include the slow population and economic growth in developed countries which could result to conflict conditions, the importance of cultural intelligence in decision making in Afghanistan, and several cultural dimensions such as individualism, masculinity, and power distance.

Copyright of Management / Vadyba (16487974) is the property of Lithuania Business University of Applied Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using Global Commodity Chain (GCC) approach, the present study investigates the factors that influence the positions of developing nations within the governance structure of the international sex trafficking network. Previous research focuses on the influences of economic reforms or culture on countries' positions within the network, for both developing and developed nations. The present paper focuses on developing nations to avoid biasness, and to address contextual differences. We argue that in addition to economic reforms, other factors such as political conditions reflected in the level of corruption, and values pertaining to gender discrimination can influence a nation's position within the governance structure of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's economy we are witnessing a phenomenon of integration in agriculture and food industry, which is an effect, but also a cause of the marketing and agrobusiness development. In well developed countries, and to a lesser extent in the less developed, such as Romania, we observe a serious intensification of interdependence relations between farms, food companies and distributors. Consequently, there is a phenomenon of growing distance between the place of production and consumption place, with impacts on the population's consumption habits. In these circumstances, marketing aims to ensure that food is brought in the place and form desired by the consumer, which requires that the producing companies must design strategies to adapt to specific conditions of different markets (local, regional, national, international). In this context, agricultural and food marketing becomes, for more and more companies, a kind of marketing whose target is aimed towards meeting society's best conditions and future needs. In fact, the agro-food sector is one of those sectors in which marketing companies are located in full force, agriculture (through interdependence with the natural environment) and food industry (through its impact on food safety and security of the population) occupying a place of great importance in ensuring sustainable economic and social development.. As a result of the adjustment process to continue to supply food products to consumers' growing demands, the tendency is to take over more and more agricultural products and process them into food products; the food industry is considerably reducing the time spent by the consumer cooking and it also ensures an assortment structure of agricultural products supply as close to consumers' tastes as it can be. In this paper, the authors have proposed to address some theoretical and practical aspects related to product strategy, which can be applied to Kosarom S.A. Pascani Group of Companies, Iasi County. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the discussions on the growing indebtedness of developed countries and the threat of insolvency that some countries of the euro area are currently facing, a number of related factors seem to be omitted, although they do deserve their share of attention as well. One of these related factors is the link between the indebtedness of national governments and that of families in their respective countries which calls for further examination. However, the most pressing of the topics in this respect, one that may send shivers down our spines, is this simple question: "As the developed countries have already seen a large number of defaults of businesses and banks, with us now therefore perceiving this phenomenon as a standard part of the economy undergoing recession or stagnation while we also get used to countries on the brink of bankruptcy being bought out by extensive aid provided by other countries under non-market conditions, are we to expect future financial collapses to affect families or entire social strata and their budgets on a mass scale?" As clear evidence exists that the key cause of defaults is the untamed debts, which get out of the control of businesses or governments, we should get alarmed by the fact that private loans, as opposed to business or government loans, have become the most dynamically growing debt type in developed countries over the recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Adult Education & Learning / Andragoška Spoznanja is the property of Andragoska Spoznanja and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Among adults of industrial nations, growth stunting (<−2 SD height Z score) is associated with worse indicators of adult well-being (e.g., income). Does adult stunting also inflict private costs in traditional societies? Adult stunting penalties or height premiums might only emerge when traditional societies modernize. Here we estimate the association between adult stunting and indicators of adult well-being using data from a panel study in progress among the Tsimane’, a foraging–farming society of native Amazonians in Bolivia. Subjects included 248 women and 255 men ≥age 22 measured annually during 5 consecutive years (2002–2006). Nine outcomes (wealth, monetary income, illness, access to credit, mirth, schooling, math skills, plant knowledge, forest clearance) were regressed separately against a stunting dummy variable and a wide range of control variables. We found no significant association between any of the indicators of own well-being and adult stunting. Additional analysis showed that stunting bore an association only with poorer mid-arm muscle area. Height premiums and stunting penalties, though evident and marked in modern societies, might not be common in all traditional societies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recently, we have witnessed a massive economic slow down with sever negative effects on the developing and developed economies. This development created a very inconvenient and impractical situation in accepting an adage of Neo-liberalism that the absence of state and the dominance of market would lead the human development in true sense, or civil society which is now connecting itself with the market thinking can provide remedial to the problem. Therefore, the hope of re-visit of state-led democratic governance with a hold on economic and human development gets fuel to sideline the neo-liberal posture. Paper presents a comparative analysis among all the paradigms of development i.e. state, market and civil society and discusses that which paradigm is best suitable for developing economies like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In contrast to the relative stagnation of economic growth in industrialized countries with mature economies, the so-called BRIC countries have shown conspicuous economic growth in the early 21st century. Brazil, Russia, India, and China currently depend on their geographic advantages for economic development, as they possess abundant natural resources and collectively account for 28.9% of the world''s land area and 43.2% of its population. However, as the development trajectories for industrialized countries suggest, sustainable development in BRICs requires innovation for effective utilization of potential resources. Given that the co-evolutionary dynamism between innovation and institutional systems is paramount to innovation driven economies, sustainability of BRICs'' economic growth is subject to such co-evolution. Institutional systems are similar to soil in that they cultivate emerging innovation. Recent dramatic advances in information and communication technology (ICT) in BRICs have had a significant impact on the advancement of their institutional systems. Therefore, ICT is expected to trigger co-evolution that will lead to sustainable development in BRICs by means of effective utilization of potential resources. This paper attempts to demonstrate the foregoing hypothetical expectations by means of an empirical analysis comparing co-evolutionary structures in 40 countries and also ICT''s triggering role in the four BRIC countries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

FDIs are very often the most glorified way of high and rapid economic development into transitional countries. Bosnia and Herzegovina has to catch up the significant higher level of real economic convergence before its entrance into European Union membership. So, in that way Bosnia and Herzegovina will be able to meet with a foreign competition on a huge common market of EU. The neoclassical concept of economic growth (famous as "Washington Consensus") which has been applying into Bosnia and Herzegovina emphasizes the FDIs entrance as the main actuator of B&H economic development. That concept supposes that FDIs entrance and comparative advantages could bring the optimal economic growth and development for all countries in the conditions of foreign trade and capital movement's liberalization, monetary stability (without inflation and with stable exchange rate) and fiscal stability (balance of budget). The subject 1 of this paper is the analysis of theoretical vindication of such macroeconomic policy and real role of FDIs in economic development concerning existing economic and political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and historical experiences of today developed economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research encompasses 177 countries around the world with the data on human resource variables for the year 2005. The countries have been put into four groups: gravely underdeveloped, developing, developed, and highly developed. The research has looked into the variables Human Development Index, population, population over 65 years of age, primary education enrolment, investment into secondary education, investment into tertiary education, investment into research and development, Gender-Related Development Index and productivity increase, and analyzed how they influence the economic growth rate. This means that the impact of changes in the observed variables is analyzed, i.e. how they influence the standard of living and level of development in countries of the world. The main hypothesis is that investing in people, i.e. in primary, secondary and tertiary education will bring long-term positive effects on social growth and development, thus contributing to the level of development and overall standard of living. Another hypothesis is that, depending on the development level, human capital and education will exert different influence on GDP per capita, which indicates that a number of economic variables play a major role on the effects of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the integration of Central Asian republics into the global economy. It states that the countries which will be integrated into the world economy will definitely have a stable economic development because of open economies and liberal national regimes of trade and flow of capital. However, the author mentions that such advantages are not effective to all countries due to the uneven distribution of said benefits among regions and countries.

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Futuribles is the property of Futuribles SARL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the benefits of the informal economy, or parts of the economy that are not taxed, monitored, and are not included in the gross national product (GDP), for developed nations. It addresses the positive effects the informal sector has on employing underqualified individuals, as well as notes potential corruption within this sector of the economy.

The author reflects on the impact of global economic crises on both developed and developing countries. The author notes that many governments are putting up economic stimulus package to save and recover the economies. He stresses that the economic downturn has affected the employment, food supply and poverty.

The article discusses research concerning travel mobility (peak travel) in developed countries. According to the article, car travel in developed countries such as the U.S., Canada, and France has stagnated from the year 2000 through 2001. Topics include factors contributing to this development such as saturation or available budgets and how an increase in mobility in developing countries would impact transportation infrastructures.

The article discusses economic development in developed countries and the creation of green jobs. The author discusses the green economy and how green jobs tied to renewable energy sectors could reduce global warming. Topics include the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and its attempt to quantify the number of green jobs that could be created in European countries and measures put in place by the Grenelle de l'environnement of France.