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The aims of this study were to quantify the effects of spinal mobilization on force production, failure point, and muscle activity of the hamstrings during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), and to explore individual differences in responses. In a replicated randomized crossover trial, 24 asymptomatic, recreationally active men (age [mean ± standard deviation]: 27 ± 6 years; body mass: 82 ± 17 kg; height: 181 ± 8 cm) completed 2 standardized intervention trials (L4/5 zygapophyseal mobilizations) and 2 control trials. The failure point of the NHE was determined with 3D motion capture. Peak force, knee flexor torque, and electromyography (EMG) of the biceps femoris were measured. Data analyses were undertaken to quantify mean intervention response and explore any individual response heterogeneity. Mean (95% confidence interval) left-limb force was higher in intervention than in control trials by 18.7 (4.6-32) N. Similarly, right-limb force was higher by 22.0 (3.4-40.6) N, left peak torque by 0.14 (0.06-0.22) N • m, and right peak torque by 0.14 (0.05-0.23) N • m/kg. Downward force angle was decreased in intervention vs control trials by 4.1° (0.5°-7.6°) on the side of application. Both peak EMG activity (P =.002), and EMG at the downward force (right; P =.020) increased in the intervention condition by 16.8 (7.1-26.4) and 8.8 (1.5-16.1) mV, respectively. Mean downward acceleration angle changed by only 0.3° (−8.9° to 9.4°) in intervention vs control trials. A clear response heterogeneity was indicated only for right force (Participant × Intervention interaction: P =.044; response heterogeneity standard deviation = 34.5 [5.7-48.4] N). Individual response heterogeneity was small for all other outcomes. After spinal mobilization, immediate changes in bilateral hamstring force production and peak torque occurred during the NHE. The effect on the NHE failure point was unclear. Electromyographic activity increased on the ipsilateral side. Response heterogeneity was generally similar to the random trial-to-trial variability inherent in the measurement of the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on sandpaintings found in the southwestern United States. The author notes that the art form is distinct to the United States and has not been found to have a relationship to art from any other region of the world. The sandpaintings of the Navajo typically portrayed themes such as the heavens and earth, the creation of the sun, moon and the stars, rainbows, historical achievements of the society and other religious or supernatural phenomena blended together. The article also discusses how sandpaintings were created, noting that the term painting is actually misleading, explores the origin of the pictures and how they are named.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Great Eagles, the Coyote and the Boy Who Was Raised by the Owls," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Boy Who Was Raised by Owls," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Winged Monsters on Shiprock," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Twins Who Were Raised From the Dead," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Coyote and the Skunk," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "Yay-Tso and the Turkey," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "Yay-Tso and the Coyote," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Coyote, the Horned Toad and the Turkey," retold by Will Evans.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including resource management, technological advances, and military use of the outer space.

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses various reports within the issue on topics including influence of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, evolution of violent non-state actors, and an evaluation of Paris Agreement to address climate change.

Introduction: The actual causes of death in the United States have drifted from infectious through chronic diseases to modifiable behavioral risk factors. Simultaneously, there has been a paradigm shift in health care provision with increased emphases on prevention and health promotion/education campaign. Particularly, usage of professional complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) such as chiropractic care has increased substantially. This study characterizes typical conditions of chiropractic patients and explores how chiropractic influences modifiable behavioral risk factors in the United States. Methods: The study used data from the Sample Adult Core component of the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Logistic regression, chi-square, and t-test were used to explore association between variables. All statistical analyses were performed with SAS 9.1.2. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Parker College of Chiropractic and University of North Texas Health Science Center. Results: There were 31,428 respondents. Males comprised 43.79%. The percentage of those who saw/talked to chiropractors (DCs) within the past 12 months was 8.73% (n = 2705). Among these, 21.37% (n = 578) did not see the general medical doctor (MD). There was no significant difference in the smoking and alcohol consumption status of respondents who saw/talked to DCs than MDs. DC patients were more likely to be physically active [OR = 1.45 (1.20, 1.75)] and less likely to be obese [OR = 0,74 (0.59, 0.92)] than MD patients. Patients with acute migraine, neck, and low back pain were more likely to see DCs. but patients with arthritis and chronic conditions were more likely to see MDs. Conclusion: Americans are using chiropractic care for acute migraine, neck, and low back pain. DCs may be doing some health promotion and addressing modifiable risk factors with patients but this is not obvious from this data set. Questions dealing with prevention and health promotion are not well delineated within the NHIS2005 data set. Future research with health promotion-specific questions among CAM providers is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Cat, the Lamb and the Wolf," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo folklore short story "The Beaver and the Coyote," retold by Will Evans.

The article presents the short story "Hosteen Bear Loses the Second Fall," by Will Evans.

The article presents the short story "The White Haired One Wrestles With Hosteen Bear," by Will Evans.

The article presents the Navajo short story "How Jackrabbit Got His Long Ears," as told by Will Evans.

The article presents information on the Navajo Fire Dance and a performance of the dance that took pace in October 1939 in Shiprock, New Mexico. The dance is part of a five day event that culminates with the Fire Dance. The event draws Navajos from all over the region. Before the dance can begin medicine men and their helpers perform rituals to prepare for the event. A large tepee-like fire is lit for the dancers to dance around. Various groups of singers perform before the Nah-Toe-e dancers begin their performance. The author notes that at the October performance an eclipse of the moon occurred mid-way through the dance and left the event with an unsettled atmosphere.